KR100199846B1 - A stop function shaped four face bench blasting - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention increases the number of free surfaces so that the explosive energy of explosives can act as much as possible to the fracture of the rock, and the two free surfaces having a unique blasting mechanism which makes the ideal blasting mechanism by forming a space artificially in the blasting rock. To provide a stepped blasting method of. An object of the present invention is to provide a stepless blasting method of two free surfaces. According to the present invention, in the stepped rock blasting of two free surfaces, each of the free surfaces drills a blasting hole in a different direction from the blasting hole and the expansion hole, but the expansion hole to be blasted later falls within the crushing hole cracking crack. Also in the blasting sequence, the blasting opening holes are first blasted to crack the surrounding rock to form 3 to 4 free surfaces, and then to continuously blast the expansion holes step by step.

Description

2nd Quartile Small Blasting Method

Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of the name of the bench cut blasting.

단면도.FIG. 1B is AA of FIG. 1A

Cross-section.

FIG. 2a is a plan view of a general quarry downhole benchcut blasting. FIG.

단면도.Figure 2b is AA of Figure 2a

Cross-section.

Figure 3a is a plan view of a general quarrying horizontal drilling bench cut blasting

단면도.Figure 3b is AA of Figure 3a

Cross-section.

Figure 4a is a bench blast plan view of tunnels and underground caves.

단면도.Figure 4b is AA of Figure 4a

Cross-section.

5a is a plan view at a toe type bench cut blasting.

단면도.Figure 5b is AA of Figure 5a

Cross-section.

Figure 6a is a plan view of the method of charging in the bench cut.

단면에 대한 봉상장약 및 분산장약도.Figure 6b is AA of Figure 6a

Rod and dispersion diagrams for cross sections.

단면에 다핸 전폭약포 위치도.Figure 6c is AA of Figure 6a

Full width drug position diagram on the cross section.

Figure 7a is a plan view in the downward drilling second quartile method of the present invention.

단면도.FIG. 7b is AA of FIG. 7a

Cross-section.

Figure 8a is a plan view in the horizontal perforated second quartile small blasting method of the present invention.

단면도.FIG. 8b is AA of FIG. 8a

Cross-section.

Figure 9a is a blast plan view in which destruction occurs to the chamber.

단면도.Figure 9b shows AA of Figure 9a

Cross-section.

Figure 10a is a detailed plan view of the second quartile small blast method.

단면에 대한 원거리 장약 설명도.Figure 10b shows AA of Figure 10a

Remote charge explanatory diagram for section.

단면에 대한 맞장약 설명도.Figure 10c is the BB of Figure 10a.

Explanatory drawing of cross section about section.

Figure 11a is a detailed plan view of the downward drilling second quartile small blasting method capable of large-scale blasting.

단면도.Figure 11b shows AA of Figure 11a.

Cross-section.

Figure 12a is a plan view showing the formation of space and new free plane in the rock during intermediary blasting.

단면에 대한 원거리장약 발파 설명도.Figure 12b shows AA of Figure 12a.

Long-term blast exploded view of cross section.

단면에 대한 맞장약 발파 설명도.Figure 12c shows AA of Figure 12a

Exfoliation explosive explanatory diagram for the cross section.

FIG. 13A is an explanatory diagram showing a new free plane by forming a large space by the blasting order and the mediated blasting of the present invention and by expanding hole blasting;

FIG. 13B is a long-range explanatory diagram of the explanatory diagram of FIG. 13A. FIG.

FIG. 13C is a schematic explanatory diagram for the explanatory diagram of FIG. 13A. FIG.

14 is a plan view for explaining the blasting process of the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: Upper free surface (surface) 2: Vertical to inclined free surface

3: bench width 4: bench length

5: height of bench 6: downhole

7: Downward Angle 8: Collaboration of Downhole

9: remaining hole 10: sub-drilling

11: horizontal hole 12: horizontal angle

13: co-author of horizontal ball 14: horizontal toe ball

15: vertical toe hole 16: rod rod charge

17: dispersion charge (deck charging) 18: blasting opening

19: expansion hole 20: downward blasting mechanism

21: horizontal blasting mechanism 22: chamber

23: Crush Right 24: Crush Right

25: crack circle 26: vibration circle

27: crack space 28: new free plane

29: minimum resistance line 30: ball spacing

31: charge part 32: color part

33: full width weak 34: counter explosion

35: medium width 36: regular width

37: explosives 38: primer

39: range charge step 40: spell charge step

[Purpose of invention]

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a stepless blasting of two free surfaces carried out in a city center or a lot of obstacles, each of the free surface is divided into a blasting opening and expansion holes and drilled in the free space and different from the expansion hole at a constant distance from the bottom of the expansion hole Drill the blasting hole in the direction, but the expansion hole should fall within the crushing or cracking area at the blasting hole, and the blasting order blasts the blasting hole first to crack the surrounding rock and increase the number of spaces or free surfaces. By blasting the expansion hole step by step, it is related to the second quartile small blasting in two free surface rock blasting, which can improve the blasting environment and dramatically improve the blasting environment such as blasting vibration, blasting noise, dust and stone.

Currently, two free-float stepped blasting can be divided into two types of downward drilling and horizontal drilling according to the drilling type.

The downward drilling stepped blasting method is the most widely used method for open blasting of two free surfaces. The main drilling direction is vertical or inclined direction from the ground to the bottom. This method can perform mass blasting by making full use of equipment. Therefore, it is used for quarrying, site cleanup, excavation, etc. On the other hand, horizontal perforated stepped blasting is mainly used for bench blasting of tunnels and underground caves that need to be blasted from the lower side to the upper side in the working conditions, so it is restricted in the workplace. Productivity is lower than perforated type, so it is not used unless it is a special case.

When explaining the top-down drilling method of the general quarry type bench cut blasting method of the existing bench blasting based on the drawings 1a to 2c,

In the upper free surface 1, which is the ground surface of the staircase formed on the rock, it is blasted downwardly (6, 7) in parallel with the inclined free surface 2, and the blasting is carried out. In part, the blasting surface of the ground becomes less constant. Therefore, there are difficulties in drilling work, difficult movement of equipment, and unsuitable for floor foundations when constructing a structure. However, it is most widely used in large-scale quarry due to high productivity because large blasting is possible. However, in order to evenly blast surface of the sub-drilling (10) in addition to the case of the blasting, but in this case it takes a lot of dosage and drilling length.

3a and 3b are views for explaining the horizontal drilling method of the general quarry type bench cut blasting method which is the opposite of the top-down drilling method.

This method is to blast by horizontal drilling (11, 12) in parallel with the upper free surface (1) on the vertical to inclined free surface (2) of the staircase, the bottom of the bottom of the defrosting 13, like the top-down drilling method There are disadvantages that are not used, and the use point is mainly used for bench blasting of limited tunnels or underground caves as shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b and is a method.

In addition, the toe-type bench cut blasting method is applied to the bottom of the bottom 8 of the main drilling direction as shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b in order to make the bottom 8 of the bottom bottom drilling method relatively constant as shown in FIG. 2c. By blasting the tow hole 14 in the direction perpendicular to the drilling direction, it is possible to evenly finish the surface of the blasting, but there is a disadvantage in that it takes a lot of drilling time and work time, which is expensive.

Conventional stepped blasting methods are perforated collectively in one direction (6, 11) of the upper free surface (1) or vertical free surface (2), as shown in Figures 6a to 6c, 6c is a typical stepped blasting method that utilizes only the blasting effect of the two free surfaces by performing the rod-like charge 16 or the dispersed charge 17 according to the position of the primer 34, 35, 36.

Bench blasting on the 2nd floor is mostly blasting in the open air, and it can cause a lot of environmental damage to surrounding houses, buildings, barns, and fisheries.

The environmental damage that occurs during open blasting is blasting vibration, noise, storm pressure, and stone monuments. These causes are largely due to the strong chemical reaction that large energy is released in a short time when explosives explode in perforated rock. And it is damaged by the energy of light and damage to the surrounding rock or structure.

The blasting vibration that occurs during environmental damage reaches the highest detonation pressure immediately after the detonation when the enclosed charge hole detonates, and the rock near the impact point is crushed, but 0.5 to 20% of the total energy generated by the blasting is converted into a seismic wave. It is consumed by vibrations, and these seismic waves propagate in the rock, resulting in vibrations of amplitude and period on the ground.

In addition, blast noise is consumed by some of the energy from the explosion as elastic waves or blasts propagating in the air. Waves generated in the air take the form of shock waves in the vicinity of the width source, but are absorbed as sound waves at some distance from the source. Spread.

Therefore, in order to avoid this result, the explosive energy of explosives should be increased as much as possible and the number of free planes can be applied to rock crushing as much as possible.

The present invention has its object to provide a unique blasting mechanism for dividing the blue air direction and the blasting method into two quartiles in order to solve the limitations and problems of the two free surface.

This method secures a lot of cracks and spaces around the expansion hole in the first intermediate air blasting, and increases the number of free surfaces, thereby minimizing the environmental damage of the surroundings. It is possible to increase the blasting efficiency by improving the dosage.

EXAMPLE

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described first based on FIGS. 7A to 9B.

In the stepped rock blasting of the two free surfaces, blasting holes respectively divided into blasting opening holes 18 and expansion holes 19 are drilled on each free surface. The blasting hole drills the horizontal holes 11 and 18 at a constant distance below the bottom of the bottom hole 8 of the expansion hole, and adds two horizontal holes 20 to one downward hole according to the blasting direction. Perforated furnace (see Fig. 7a) or two downholes 21 in one horizontal hole (see Fig. 8a) in one horizontal hole, as shown in Figs. 9a and b, ) Is drilled into the cracking zone 25 in the fractured zone 24 with respect to the expansion hole 19 (except the secondary expansion hole described later).

In the blasting operation, as shown in FIGS. 12a to 12c, the blasting opening hole is first blasted to crack the surrounding rock to make a lot of space 27 or the free surface 28, and then blast the expansion hole 19 step by step. It is a construction method.

Hereinafter, the top-down and horizontal second-degree small blasting in which the blasting opening 18 and the expansion hole 19 in the two free surfaces are drilled in different free surfaces 1 and 2, respectively, according to FIGS. 10A to 10C. The method will be described in detail.

The dominant top-down quartile method has two types of drilling methods.

In the first drilling method, the extension holes 19a, 19b, and 19 are downwardly spaced at regular intervals and lengths in the upper free surface, which is the ground surface 1, according to the strength or working conditions of the rock on the two free surfaces 1 and 2 in the form of stairs. The two blasting openings 18a, 18b and 18c, 18d are drilled on both sides of the expansion holes 19a, 19c on the inclined free surface 2 of the stairs, respectively. Here, one expansion hole 19a and two blasting openings 18a and 18b form one remodeling. Neighboring one expansion hole 19c and two blasting openings 18c and 18d form another modification. In addition, the expansion hole 19d is formed in the one retrofit and the other one irradiated neighbor. This expansion hole 19d is called a secondary expansion hole. Here, as can be seen, when forming the perforation pattern consisting of one hole of the secondary expansion hole and two holes of the blasting medium opening is made to be perforated at the same time.

The perforation pattern consisting of expansion holes and blasting openings is composed of two types, a long distance perforation pattern and a perforation pattern.

)가 오도록 하는 천공패턴을 의미한다.As shown in FIG. 10B, the far-distance perforation pattern is the bottom of the blasting opening 18a at a predetermined point of the bottom of the bottom 8 of the expansion hole 19a on the inclined free surface 2 of the stairs.

) Means a perforation pattern to come.

)을 오도록 하는 천공패턴을 의미한다.As shown in FIG. 10C, the butt drill pattern has a bottom 8 of the blast opening 18a at the same level as the bottom 8 of the expansion hole 19a.

Means a perforation pattern.

)가 오도록 하고, 발파매개공(18a)은 경사자유면에서 확장공(19a)공저방향으오 60

내지 90

의 각도로 천공되어, 확장공(19a)의 공저(8)와 각각 0.3m내지1.0m의 거리에 발파매개공(18a)의 공저(8

)가 오도록 천공한다.In this embodiment, in order to form a long distance perforation pattern, as shown in FIG. 10B, the bottom of the blasting opening 18a at a lower point 0.5m to 1.5m away from the bottom 8 of the expansion hole 19a ( 8

) And the blasting opening (18a) is in the direction of the expansion hole (19a) in the inclined free surface 60

To 90

The hole 8 of the expansion hole 19a and the hole blasting hole 18a at distances of 0.3 m to 1.0 m, respectively.

Perforate to come.

내지 90

의 각도록 되어, 확장공(19a)의 공저(8)와 같은수준에 각각 0 내지 1.0m의 거리에 발파매개공(18a)의 공저(8

)가 오도록 한다.In the present embodiment, in order to form the butt perforation pattern, as shown in FIG. 10A, the blast-opening holes 18a and 18b are the co-bottom of the bottom 8 of the expansion hole 19a on the inclined free surface 2. By 60

To 90

The bottom 8 of the blasting opening 18a at a distance of 0 to 1.0m at the same level as the bottom 8 of the expansion hole 19a, respectively.

).

내지 80

의 각도로 되어, 각각 0.3m 내지 0.1m가 되도록 천공하되 벤치의 길이에 따라 여러 단계의 발파를 일시에 실시할 수 있다.In addition, the second quartile small blasting method in which the blasting opening 18 and the expansion hole 19 are cleared at the same upper free surface 1 is shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, and the mass blasting is performed at the upper free surface 1. The blasting opening 18 in the direction of the expansion hole 8 from the upper free surface 1, which is the same ground surface as the expansion hole 19,

To 80

At the angle of, the perforations to be 0.3m to 0.1m, respectively, but depending on the length of the bench can be performed at several stages of blasting at a time.

The horizontal perforated second quartile method is drilled at the same angle and distance as the top-down second quartile method, but the blast-opening hole 18 drills downward from the upper free surface 1 and the expansion hole 19 is an inclined free surface ( Perforated horizontally in 2).

The blasting order of this method must blast the blasting opening hole 18 first and then blast the expansion hole as shown in Figs. 12a to 13c, and the first and second holes of the blasting opening hole 18 should be blasted at the same time. When blasting with 0.3MS to 0.05MS delay difference occurs, many crack spaces 27 are generated around the third hole, which is the expansion hole 19, and the expansion hole 19 with the time difference of 0.3MS to 0.05MS is continuously formed. When blasting the hole, the first stage blasting is completed as shown in FIG. 12a.

The second stage blasting, as shown in Figure 13a to 13c, after blasting the 4th and 5th hole in the same process as the first step, and then blasting the 6th and 7th hole 8 No. 4 and 9 are secured with 4 free planes, so the best blasting can be achieved, reducing blasting vibration and noise, and increasing the number of steps according to the width and length of the bench. Here, the four free surfaces mean an upper surface 1, a front surface (inclined surface) 2, a left side surface (indicated by hatching) and a right side surface (indicated by hatching), as shown in FIG. 13B.

Blasting of the blasting opening can be blasted step by step by dividing one hole according to whether or not blasting or not, and according to FIG. 6C, the position of the full width drug 33 is defined by the counter-amplification 34 or the like. The medium width 35 or the regular width 36 may be charged, but the expansion hole 19 is necessarily charged with the counter-width 34. It is preferable to use a delayed primer when blasting the blasting opening and expansion holes.

Further, the puncturing range for the blasting opening is as shown in Figs. 9A to 9B. The expansion hole is to be placed in the fracture zone 24 or the cracking zone 25, and the blasting of the blasting is based on Donna. ).

Here, the top-down second quartile method, which is divided according to the blasting direction, is the upper part of the blasting work surface where the blasting is finally made, and the main drilling direction of the expansion hole is the downward direction (arrow direction). It is in the opposite direction from the top down.

Table 1 shows the existing methods and test tables according to the present invention. Table 2 shows the test benches carried out by the conventional bench cut blasting method, and Table 3 shows the test blasting results by the second quartile method.

As described above, the characteristics of the present invention can obtain the following effects as compared to the conventional cascading blasting.

(1) The blast pollution around the blasting point can be minimized and safety work is possible.

A) The most frequent intermediary air blasts are blasted by a small amount of dose (reduced dose per delay) to crack the rock and increase the free surface.

B) Extended air blasting, which is the last step of blasting, is possible to reduce the occurrence of blasting vibration, noise and monument since the best blasting is possible because the blasting is already performed in the state where the free surface is increased by medium blasting.

(2) It can make the blasting surface constant, suppress the surrounding rock damage and control the size of the crushed rock.

A) Not only can the coplanar surface, which is the advantage of the existing toe type blasting, be constant, but also the blasting is done by many free surfaces, which can be static blasting to suppress damage to the surrounding rock.

B) In the staircase rock, the blue hole direction is divided into the downward direction and the horizontal direction so that the blasted rock can be adjusted to a certain size.

(3) Proper blasting is possible even under blasting under any conditions, so it can reduce the spleen dose (kg / m ₃ ) and increase the blasting efficiency.

(4) It is economical because it can reduce damage around the blasting point and shorten working time.

Claims (6)

A method of drilling a stepped rock having a horizontal plane and a two free surface consisting substantially inclined with respect to the horizontal plane or having a predetermined inclination angle, the method comprising: drilling a plurality of expansion holes in a direction substantially parallel to the inclined plane And perforating two blasting opening holes for each of the expansion holes substantially perpendicularly to the expansion hole, and the bottom point of the expansion hole is within the fracture zone or the cracking zone of the blasting opening hole. And the blasting aperture is 60 with respect to the free surface on which the blasting aperture is perforated.

To 90

The bottom of the expansion hole and the corresponding bottom of the blasting opening hole is a horizontal distance of 0.3m to 1.0m in the horizontal plane, the bottom of the expansion hole and the bottom of the blast hole is a vertical distance on the vertical plane A drilling method for the second quartile small blast of two free sides, characterized in that 0.5m to 1.5m. The expansion holes on the horizontal free surface of claim 1, wherein a second expansion hole is formed between the expansion hole and the expansion hole adjacent to the expansion hole while drilling one expansion hole and two blasting opening holes in one set. A puncturing method for second quartile small blasting in two free planes, characterized in that the drilling is substantially parallel to and. A method of drilling a stepped rock having a horizontal plane and a two free surface consisting of an inclined surface that is substantially perpendicular to the horizontal plane or having a predetermined inclination angle, comprising: drilling a plurality of expansion holes in a direction substantially parallel to the inclined surface, Drill two blasting opening holes substantially perpendicularly to the expansion hole with respect to each of the expansion holes, and while drilling one opening of the expansion hole and two holes of the blasting opening hole in one set, adjacent to the expansion hole. Comprising a step of drilling a second expansion hole between the expansion hole, and the drilling step is located in the fracture zone of the blast breaking hole or cracking hole of the expansion hole, the expansion hole, the expansion medium hole and Charging the secondary expansion hole, and blasting the expansion medium hole first and blasting the expansion hole later. 2nd quartile blasting method in two free planes. The method of claim 3. In the charging step, the method of detonation of the expansion hole is charged with a counter-explosion, and the blasting opening and expansion holes are rod-shaped or dispersion-filled. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of expansion holes and the blasting openings are blasted at the same time, or each of the expansion holes is blasted at a time difference of 0.3MS to 0.05MS, and the blasting of the next blasting hole is followed by the subsequent blasting of the next set of expansion holes. Blasting is performed with a time difference of 0.3MS to 0.05MS between and, in the blasting step, the second quartile in two free planes is characterized in that a blasting primer is used during the blasting opening and the expansion hole. Blasting method. The second quartile small blasting method according to claim 3, wherein the secondary expansion hole is blasted later after the primary expansion hole is blasted and formed on four free surfaces.

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