KR0184212B1 - Ammonia absorptive refrigerator - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an ammonia absorption type air conditioner, which allows the evaporator to exchange heat of the unevaporated liquid refrigerant generated by a change in operating conditions with a medicinal solution generated in the regenerator to maintain a stable system of ammonia absorption type air conditioner as well as to operate normally. It was made possible.

The object of the present invention is to form the opening and closing means for opening and closing the unevaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated in the lower end of the evaporator to the restrictor, the unevaporated liquid refrigerant flowing into the restrictor by the opening and closing means is generated in the regenerator absorber And forming a non-evaporative liquid refrigerant heat exchanger to exchange heat with the medicinal solution introduced therein, and between the opening and closing means and the non-evaporative liquid refrigerant heat exchanger so that the unevaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated at the bottom of the evaporator flows into the non-evaporative liquid refrigerant heat exchanger. A liquid refrigerant flow path is formed and between the evaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger and the protrusion formed in the restrictor so that the non-evaporated liquid refrigerant exchanged while flowing through the non-evaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger can flow into the evaporator as the liquid refrigerant condensed in the condenser. The above object was achieved by forming a second liquid refrigerant flow path tube.

Description

Ammonia Absorption Air Conditioner

1 is a system diagram of a conventional ammonia absorption air conditioner.

2 is a system diagram of the ammonia absorption air conditioner of the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

101: regenerator 102: condenser

103: evaporator 104: absorber

105: refrigerant heat exchanger 106: solution separator

107: rectifier 108: solution pump

109: burner 110: indoor unit

111: Restrictor 112: Projection

113: Annex 114: Automatic open / close valve

115: wire 116: non-evaporative liquid refrigerant heat exchanger

117: first liquid refrigerant flow pipe 118: second liquid refrigerant flow pipe

The present invention relates to an ammonia absorption type air conditioner, and in particular, to evaporate the unevaporated liquid refrigerant generated by the change of operating conditions (indoor and outdoor temperature, etc.) in the evaporator to heat exchange with the medicinal solution generated in the regenerator stably a system of the ammonia absorption type air conditioner. It is not only to maintain, but to operate normally.

In the conventional ammonia absorption, the air conditioner and its periphery are constructed by applying heat generated from the burner 9 as shown in FIG. 1 to evaporate ammonia, which is a refrigerant, from a highly concentrated working solution (ammonia aqueous solution) to vaporize ammonia refrigerant. At the same time, a regenerator (1) for producing a weak aqueous solution of ammonia (hereinafter referred to as a medicinal solution) produced by partial ammonia evaporation, and condensed water evaporated together from the refrigerant vapor evaporated from the regenerator (1), results in high concentration of ammonia. A condenser (2) which obtains steam from the refrigerant vapor by using a rectifier (7) for obtaining steam and cold water whose temperature has fallen from the indoor unit (10) from the regenerator (1) and condenses it into a liquid refrigerant. And, the liquid refrigerant sent from the condenser (2) is evaporated again by using the cold water that the temperature is raised from the indoor unit (10) From the evaporator (3) and the refrigerant heat exchanger (5) formed so as to exchange heat between the liquid refrigerant from the condenser (2) and the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator (3) and the evaporator (3) The absorber 4 is composed of an absorber 4 which absorbs the chemical vapor sent from the regenerator 1 to form a strong solution of the initial concentration of the original regenerator 1.

The operation of the ammonia absorption type air conditioner configured as described above and the problems thereof will be described below.

As shown in FIG. 1, the ammonia absorption air conditioner is basically composed of four components: a regenerator 1, a condenser 2, an evaporator 3, and an absorber 4. As shown in FIG.

Here, the regenerator 1 applies heat generated by the burner 9 to evaporate ammonia, which is a refrigerant, from a highly concentrated working solution (ammonia aqueous solution) to obtain ammonia refrigerant vapor, and at the same time, a weak concentration produced by evaporation of some ammonia. Aqueous ammonia solution (medical solution) is produced, and the refrigerant vapor evaporated in the regenerator 1 is sent to the condenser 2.

The refrigerant vapor sent to the condenser (2) is formed as a liquid refrigerant by heating the heat from the indoor unit (10) and being deprived of heat by cold water brought in by dropping temperature.

The cold water deprived of heat from the refrigerant vapor is sent to the absorber (4) after passing through the condenser (2).

The liquid refrigerant sent from the condenser (2) is evaporated again in the evaporator (3) to produce a refrigerant vapor. At this time, the amount of heat required to evaporate the liquid refrigerant from the indoor unit (10) after cooling the temperature is raised from the cold water Supplied.

The cold water deprived of heat as described above is cooled again by being sent back to the indoor unit 10 after the temperature drops again.

The absorber 4 allows the refrigerant vapor sent from the evaporator 3 to be absorbed by the medicinal solution sent from the regenerator 1 to form a strong solution of the initial concentration of the original regenerator 1.

At this time, in order to promote the absorption, it is necessary to remove calories, and to remove the calories, cold water passed through the condenser 2 is used.

The cold water obtaining the calories is sent to the indoor unit 10 for heating again.

That is, during cooling, cold water having a temperature dropped from the evaporator 3 is sent to the indoor unit 10 to perform cooling. The cold water that cools the condenser 2 and the absorber 4 increases in temperature, and is then cooled again. .

On the contrary, in the case of heating, cold water having a high temperature through the condenser 2 and the absorber 4 is sent to the indoor unit 10 to perform heating, and the cold water passing through the evaporator 3 is sent to the outdoor unit.

In order to increase the efficiency of the ammonia absorption air-conditioner, an additional device was provided, which was evaporated together with the solution separator 6 and the refrigerant vapor flowing from the regenerator 1 to separate the droplets flowing in the refrigerant vapor. Water was condensed in the rectifier 7 to obtain a high concentration of ammonia vapor.

At this time, the medium for condensing water condenses the water contained in the refrigerant vapor through heat exchange with the refrigerant vapor while flowing in the coil wound in the rectifier 7 with the steel solution sent from the solution pump 8.

In addition, the refrigerant heat exchanger (5) lowers the liquid refrigerant close to the evaporation temperature in the evaporator (3) through heat exchange between the liquid refrigerant from the condenser (2) and the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator (3), the temperature of the refrigerant vapor is Increase the temperature near the saturation temperature of the absorber (4) to accelerate the absorption phenomenon.

In addition, a small amount of refrigerant not evaporated in the evaporator 3 is evaporated at this time.

In the system, the regenerator 1 and the condenser 2 form a high pressure part, and the evaporator 3 and the absorber 4 are formed as a low pressure part.

The liquid refrigerant flowing into the evaporator 3 from the condenser 2 passes through the restrictor 11, causing a pressure drop to cause a pressure loss, which causes the condenser 2 and the evaporator 3 having a pressure difference. This is to maintain the proper state between the refrigerant. This pressure drop is generated by reducing the cross-sectional area in the restrictor 11.

The liquid refrigerant condensed from the condenser 2 flows into the refrigerant vapor evaporated from the evaporator 3 in the refrigerant heat exchanger 5 and then flows into the evaporator 3 after the heat exchange. Heat is evaporated from the elevated cold water.

At this time, the cold water flowing into the evaporator 3 in order to evaporate the liquid refrigerant introduced into the evaporator 3 into the refrigerant vapor is determined by the evaporator 3 inlet temperature according to the change in operating conditions.

The above operation is performed while continuously circulating while the system is in equilibrium.

However, this conventional ammonia absorption air conditioner is a liquid refrigerant and cold water flowing into the evaporator when the evaporator inlet temperature of the cold water flowing into the evaporator to evaporate the liquid refrigerant introduced into the evaporator to the refrigerant vapor is less than the specified temperature according to the change of operating conditions. There is a problem that the temperature difference between the small and the liquid refrigerant does not evaporate the entire amount, the liquid refrigerant not evaporated is accumulated in the bottom of the evaporator, the system is unstable and the performance of the condenser deteriorates.

Therefore, the present invention forms an opening and closing means to open and close the unevaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated in the bottom of the evaporator to the restrictor, and the evaporated liquid refrigerant introduced into the restrictor by the opening and closing means is generated in the regenerator is introduced into the absorber A non-evaporative liquid refrigerant heat exchanger is formed to exchange heat with the medicinal solution, and the first liquid refrigerant flow pipe is connected between the opening and closing means and the non-evaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger so that the unevaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated at the bottom of the evaporator flows into the non-evaporative liquid refrigerant heat exchanger. And a second liquid refrigerant between the unevaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger and the protrusions formed in the restrictor so that the non-evaporated liquid refrigerant exchanged through the evaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger flows into the evaporator as the liquid refrigerant condensed in the condenser. By forming a flow path tube, the evaporator generates an unevaporated liquid refrigerant generated by the change of operating conditions in the evaporator. Heat the solution to about it is an object to ensure that normal operation as well as to stably maintain the system of the ammonia absorption Cooling & Heating.

The ammonia absorption type air conditioner and its peripheral portion of the present invention, by applying heat generated from the burner 109 as shown in Figure 2, by evaporating ammonia, a refrigerant from a strong concentration of the working solution (ammonia aqueous solution) to ammonia refrigerant vapor A regenerator 101 for producing ammonia solution having a weak concentration caused by evaporation of some ammonia, a solution separator 106 for separating droplets flowing together in the refrigerant vapor evaporated from the regenerator 101, and the solution separator. Rectifier 107 for condensing the water evaporated together from the refrigerant vapor introduced into the 106 to obtain a high concentration of ammonia vapor, and a strong solution for condensing the water in the refrigerant vapor flowing into the rectifier 107. The solution pump 108 to be sent and the refrigerant steam sent from the regenerator 101 to the cold water from the temperature of the indoor unit 110 Using the condenser 102 to take heat from the refrigerant vapor and condense it into a liquid refrigerant, and the liquid refrigerant sent from the condenser 102 to evaporate again by using cold water whose temperature has risen from the indoor unit 110. An evaporator (103), a restrictor (111) for lowering the pressure of the liquid refrigerant flowing into the evaporator (103) from the condenser (102), a protrusion (112) formed in the restrictor (111), The refrigerant heat exchanger 105 and the refrigerant vapor sent from the evaporator 103 and the refrigerant vapor exchanged from the liquid refrigerant from the condenser 102 and the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator 103 are sent from the regenerator 101. Absorber 104 for absorbing the warm medicinal solution to make a strong solution of the initial concentration of the original regenerator 101, and the liquid refrigerant and regenerator 101 that is not evaporated in the evaporator 103 is generated in the absorber (104) ) The evaporative liquid refrigerant heat exchanger 116 formed to exchange heat with the incoming medicinal solution, the swelling 113 floating the free surface of the unevaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated in the lower end of the evaporator 103, and the swelling 113 Automatic opening and closing valve 114 that moves up and down according to the fluid level of the unevaporated liquid refrigerant and opens and closes to adjust the flow rate of the unevaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated at the bottom of the evaporator 103 flowing into the unevaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger 116. And, the wire 115 connecting the bookkeeping 113 and the automatic opening and closing valve 114 so that the automatic opening and closing valve 114 can be opened and closed by the vertical movement of the bookkeeping 113, and the non-evaporative liquid refrigerant heat exchanger A first liquid refrigerant flow path tube 117 formed between the automatic opening / closing valve 114 and the non-evaporation liquid refrigerant heat exchanger tube 116 so that the unevaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated at the bottom of the evaporator 103 flows into 116; The evaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanged while flowing the evaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger (116) condenser (102) To the second liquid refrigerant flow path tube 118 formed between the non-evaporative liquid refrigerant heat exchanger 116 and the protrusion 112 formed in the restrictor 111 to be introduced into the evaporator 103 such as the liquid refrigerant condensed in the Configure.

Referring to Figure 2 the operation and effect of the present invention configured as described above are as follows.

As shown in FIG. 2, the ammonia absorption air conditioner is basically composed of four components: a regenerator 101, a condenser 102, an evaporator 103, and an absorber 104.

Here, the regenerator 101 applies heat generated by the burner 109 to evaporate ammonia, which is a refrigerant, from a highly concentrated working solution (ammonia solution) to obtain ammonia refrigerant vapor, and at the same time, a weak concentration produced by evaporation of some ammonia. Aqueous ammonia (medical solution) is produced, and the refrigerant vapor evaporated in the regenerator 101 is introduced into the solution separator 106, and then the droplets introduced together in the refrigerant vapor are separated.

The refrigerant vapor in which the droplets are separated in the solution separator 106 flows into the rectifier 107 to be rectified into the refrigerant vapor in a high concentration, and the rectified refrigerant vapor flows into the condenser 102.

The refrigerant vapor introduced into the condenser 102 is heated by the indoor unit 110 and heat-exchanges with the cold water, which has fallen in temperature, to condense into a liquid refrigerant.

The cold water heat-exchanged with the refrigerant vapor passes through the condenser 102 and is sent back to the absorber 104.

The liquid refrigerant condensed in the condenser 102 has a pressure drop while passing through the protrusion 112 formed in the restrictor 111 whose flow cross-sectional area is reduced, and the refrigerant vapor evaporated in the evaporator 103 and the refrigerant heat exchanger ( Heat exchange in 105 is then introduced into the evaporator (103).

In order to form the liquid refrigerant introduced into the evaporator 103 as the refrigerant vapor, cooling is completed from the indoor unit 110, and the temperature is raised to receive the required amount of heat from the cold water, and the liquid refrigerant is evaporated into the refrigerant vapor.

Cold water deprived of heat as described above is sent back to the indoor unit 110 after the temperature drops again to perform cooling.

The refrigerant vapor evaporated in the evaporator 103 is introduced into the absorber 104 after heat exchange with the liquid refrigerant condensed in the condenser 102 in the heat exchanger 105.

The refrigerant heat bridge cooler 105 lowers the liquid refrigerant closer to the evaporation temperature in the evaporator 103 through heat exchange between the liquid refrigerant from the condenser 102 and the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator 103, and the temperature of the refrigerant vapor is It raises the temperature near the saturation temperature of the absorber 104 to accelerate the absorption phenomenon.

And a small amount of refrigerant not evaporated in the evaporator 103 is also evaporated.

The absorber 104 allows the refrigerant vapor sent from the evaporator 103 to be absorbed by the chemical solution sent from the regenerator 101 to form a strong solution of the initial concentration of the original regenerator 101.

At this time, in order to promote absorption in the absorber 104, it is necessary to remove calories, and to remove the calories, cold water passed through the condenser 102 is used.

The cold water having the calories is sent back to the indoor unit 110 for heating.

That is, during cooling, the cold water having a temperature dropped from the evaporator 103 is sent to the indoor unit 110 to perform cooling. The cold water that cools the condenser 102 and the absorber 104 is cooled to be sent back to the outdoor unit. .

On the contrary, in the case of heating, cold water having a high temperature while passing through the condenser 102 and the absorber 104 is sent to the indoor unit 110 to perform heating, and the cold water that has passed through the evaporator 103 is sent to the outdoor unit.

The liquid refrigerant introduced into the evaporator 103 is not evaporated, but the vaporized liquid refrigerant is accumulated at the bottom of the evaporator 103, and the swelling of the free surface of the unevaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated at the bottom of the evaporator 103 is indicated. ) Opens and closes the automatic opening / closing valve 114 connected with the bookkeeping 113 and the wire 115 while moving up and down according to the fluid level.

At this time, when the level of the unevaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated in the evaporator 103 rises, the bookkeeping 113 is also raised to pull the wire 115 connected to the bookkeeping 113, and the automatic opening and closing connected to the other end of the wire 115 is performed. The valve 114 is operated to open the automatic opening and closing valve 114.

When the automatic opening and closing valve 114 is opened, the unevaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated at the lower end of the evaporator 103 flows into the first liquid refrigerant flow path tube 117 and flows into the unevaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger 116 to regenerate the regenerator 101. Heat exchange with the medicinal solution generated in the) and introduced into the absorber 104, the non-evaporative liquid refrigerant heat exchanger 116 is installed at the front end of the absorber 104, that is, the front end of the restrictor (111).

The evaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated in the bottom of the evaporator 103 in the non-evaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger 116 flows and the tube generated in the regenerator 101 and the liquid refrigerant flows to the absorber 104 is different from each other. It is formed to flow separately.

The non-evaporated liquid refrigerant that is heat-exchanged with the liquid refrigerant generated in the regenerator 101 while flowing through the non-evaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger 116 is in the restrictor 111 which lowers the non-evaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger 116 and the liquid refrigerant. As it flows through the second liquid refrigerant flow path tube 118 formed between the formed protrusions 112, it exits through the protrusions 112 to the restrictor 111 and merges together with the liquid refrigerant condensed in the condenser 102 to evaporator 103. Flows into.

The flow path cross-sectional area of the restrictor 111 is reduced in the portion in which the protrusion 112 is formed, so that the liquid refrigerant condensed in the condenser 102 generates a pressure drop in the restrictor 111, and the protrusion formed in the restrictor 111 is formed. 112) The flow velocity is increased at the reduced cross-sectional area of the part. This pressure loss maintains the refrigerant inlet pressure difference between the condenser 102 and the evaporator 103.

This can be explained by the Bernoulli equation, which is:

Where P ₁ is the pressure of the cell point

P ₂ : Pressure at the channel reduction area

p: density of the fluid

V ₁ : flow velocity of fluid at the cross section of flow path reduced area

Z ₁ : Height of all the points of the channel reduction area

V ₂ : Fluid flow velocity at the channel cross-sectional area reduction

Z ₂ : height of channel cross-sectional reduction area

If there is no positional difference between the reduced cross-sectional area and the reduced area

dp = P ₁ -P ₂ = p (V ₂ ² -V ₁ ² ) / 2

As the pressure difference occurs, the value is proportional to the square of the fluid flow rate, so if the cross-sectional area of the reduced portion is reduced by more than a certain pressure, the pressure drops to a very large pressure difference, which is much smaller than the pressure of the evaporator 103.

The reason for this is that when there is a change in the shape of the flow path such as the reduction of the cross-sectional area in the flow path, the pressure loss and frictional pressure caused by the change in shape is achieved when the flow path becomes the same as the cross-sectional area of the cross-sectional reduction area after the greatest pressure loss. Only the loss is a pressure loss.

Therefore, due to the shape change of the restrictor 111, the pressure in the channel cross-sectional area reduction portion of the restrictor 111 becomes smaller than the pressure of the evaporator 103, and after the restrictor, a pressure loss due to the reduction of the cross-sectional area and the friction is generated. In response to the pressure difference between the condenser 102 and the evaporator 103, a pressure difference on the refrigerant side is also generated.

The unevaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated in the lower part of the evaporator 103 due to the pressure difference between the reduction channel cross-sectional area reduction parts exchanges heat with the chemical solution generated in the regenerator 101 in the non-evaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger 116, thereby partially evaporating. Then, the remaining unevaporated liquid refrigerant flows to the projection 112 which is a cross-sectional reduction portion formed in the restrictor 111 and then flows into the evaporator 103 like the liquid refrigerant condensed in the condenser 102.

The above operation is performed while continuously circulating while the system is in equilibrium.

Here, the non-evaporative liquid refrigerant heat exchanger 116 may be in the form of a double tube heat exchanger or may be formed in various shapes such as a shell or tube heat exchanger and a plate heat exchanger. The chemical solution generated in the regenerator 101 heat exchanged in the non-evaporation liquid refrigerant heat exchanger 116 and introduced into the absorber 104 and the non-evaporation in the evaporator 103 and through the second liquid refrigerant flow path tube 118 are restricted. The progress direction of the unevaporated liquid refrigerant flowing to the protrusion 112 of 111 may be the same or may proceed in the opposite direction, the flow path of the unevaporated liquid refrigerant to the outside of the evaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger 116 The flow path of the medicinal solution may be formed inside the non-evaporation liquid refrigerant heat exchanger 116, or the flow path of the non-evaporation liquid refrigerant and the medicinal solution may be reversed.

As described in detail above, the evaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated in the bottom of the evaporator is not evaporated into the refrigerant vapor due to the change in external operating conditions (indoor and outdoor air temperature) for evaporating the liquid refrigerant introduced into the evaporator into the refrigerant vapor. It is possible to maintain the system of the ammonia absorption type air conditioner according to the change of external operating conditions by removing evaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated in the evaporator by heat exchange in the medicinal solution and the evaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger. It can be effective.

In addition, the deterioration of the evaporator caused by the decrease of the outdoor temperature during heating evaporates the unvaporized liquid refrigerant generated in the evaporator by using the high temperature chemical solution generated in the regenerator, thereby improving the performance of the evaporator and improving the system. It also has the effect of stable operation.

In addition, the effect of reducing the flashing phenomenon that occurs when the chemical solution generated in the regenerator flows into the absorber from the regenerator is caused by the temporary decrease in the temperature of the high temperature chemical solution generated in the regenerator (only during heat exchange with the liquid refrigerant). There is also.

Claims (2)

A swelling floats the free surface of the unevaporated liquid refrigerant accumulated in the bottom of the evaporator, and the swelling moves up and down depending on the fluid level of the unevaporated liquid refrigerant, and the unevaporated liquid accumulated in the bottom of the evaporator flows into the unevaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger. Automatic opening and closing valve that is opened and closed to control the flow rate of the refrigerant, opening and closing means formed with a wire connecting the swelling and automatic opening and closing valve so that the automatic opening and closing valve can be opened and closed by the up and down movement of the swelling, and accumulated in the bottom of the evaporator heat exchange The evaporated liquid refrigerant and the medicinal solution generated in the regenerator are formed to flow separately through different tubes in the form of a double tube, so that the unevaporated liquid refrigerant introduced into the rectifier by the opening and closing means is generated in the regenerator and introduced into the absorber. Evaporative liquid refrigerant heat exchanger for exchanging with medicinal solution, and to the bottom of the evaporator into the non-evaporative liquid refrigerant heat exchanger The first liquid refrigerant passage tube formed between the opening and closing means and the non-evaporation liquid refrigerant heat exchanger so that the sieved non-evaporation liquid refrigerant flows, and the non-evaporation liquid refrigerant heat-exchanged while flowing the non-evaporation liquid refrigerant heat exchanger and the liquid refrigerant condensed in the condenser. And a second liquid refrigerant flow path tube formed between the unevaporated liquid refrigerant heat exchanger and the protrusions formed in the restrictor so as to flow into the evaporator. The ammonia absorption air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein a position of the non-evaporative liquid refrigerant heat exchanger is formed at a front end of the absorber.