KR0176743B1 - Fuel manufacturing method and apparatus using waste plastic - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention fuel supply device 10, spiral feeder 20, raw material decomposition cauldron 30, heating furnace 40, rectification tower 50, gasoline cooler 60 and diesel oil cooler 70, gasoline Advanced fuels such as gasoline and diesel oil through the catalytic cracking process, rectification and refining process using waste plastics as raw materials using a fuel manufacturing device composed of a refining device 80 and a diesel oil refining device 90. It is a method and apparatus for producing fuel using waste plastic that can prevent environmental pollution and achieve energy reproduction.

Description

Fuel manufacturing method and apparatus using waste plastic

1 is an overall schematic diagram of a fuel manufacturing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

10: raw material feeder 20: spiral feeder

21: drive motor 30: cracking furnace

40: heating furnace 50: rectification tower

60: gasoline cooler 70: diesel oil cooler

61,71: cooling tube 62,72: case

63,73: cooling water supply valve 64,74: discharge pipe

80: gasoline refinery 90: diesel oil refinery

[Purpose of invention]

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing fuel using waste plastics, and more particularly, to a method for producing low boiling point hydrocarbon oils such as gasoline and diesel oil by a catalytic cracking process using waste plastic as a raw material. And to an apparatus.

[Technical field to which the invention belongs and the prior art in that field]

Plastic products, which have become an indispensable necessity in the daily lives of mankind due to the development of the petrochemical industry, despite the many advantages, the disposal of the waste is a big social problem due to the generation of toxic substances during incineration and the hard degradability in natural state It is emerging. Accordingly, the problem of recycling or recycling waste plastics has become a major concern of developed countries as the most ideal solution for the disposal of plastic waste beyond simple energy saving.

The recycling method of the waste plastic is a method of melting the waste plastic powder and then recycling it to a plastic product through an injection molding machine. On the other hand, there is a chemical method that can produce a useful gasoline or diesel oil of low molecular weight by decomposing and modifying the polymer hydrocarbon, which is a constituent of plastic under certain conditions, is a technical field that has been actively promoted in recent years. Representative examples of the latter include Korean Patent Publication 96-13605, U.S. Pat. 5,414,169, U.S. Pat. The method or apparatus disclosed in 5,286,374 etc. is mentioned. In sum, the finely pulverized plastic plastic or rubber waste can be decomposed and distilled at a high temperature in the presence of a catalyst to recover low boiling hydrocarbon oil, carbon black, and liquefied gas. However, the type of catalyst, its processing time and method, the temperature and pressure at the time of cranking, the method of inhibiting the production of sludge or waxy substance are different according to the invention. These small differences in nature exemplify that they have a great influence on the recovery rate and the quality of the final cracked distillate product. Therefore, it is a point to be considered in the present invention whether the fine difference can be recovered and a large amount of high-quality decomposed distillate products can be recovered in an economical and safe manner.

The present inventors focus on this aspect, firstly, the use operation is simple and safe; Second, the operation cost is low; Third, the present invention has been completed by completing the present invention with the aim of devising a method and apparatus for producing a fuel using waste plastic capable of recovering a large amount of high-quality gasoline and diesel oil.

As mentioned in Korean Patent Publication 96-13605, raising the temperature of a cracking furnace above 400 ° C to increase the production rate of cracking products increases the production of heavy substances such as waxes, When discharged, the condenser and piping may be blocked. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to sufficiently decompose into lower boiling components in the digestion tank as much as possible.

[Technical problem to be achieved]

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, by contacting the catalyst consisting of SiO ₂ + Al ₂ O ₃ + Al ₂ (SiO ₄ ) ₃ to the waste plastic powder cracking reaction (cracking reaction) It greatly reduces the production of heavy substances such as wax, and installs explosion-proof or explosion-proof membranes around the digester to ensure safety, and ensures safety and efficient recycling of environmental pollution and energy. The present invention provides a fuel manufacturing method using waste plastic.

Another object of the present invention to provide a fuel manufacturing apparatus using waste plastic that can implement the fuel manufacturing method using the waste plastic.

The object of the present invention is to wash and pulverize the raw material to be supplied, a raw material supply step of supplying the raw material prepared in the washing and crushing step to the decomposition tank, and heating the raw material in the presence of a catalyst to undergo a low boiling point hydrocarbon oil through a decomposition distillation process Cracking and distillation step of cracking, distilling and distilling the low boiling point hydrocarbon oil separated into gasoline and diesel oil, cooling step of cooling the rectified high-temperature gasoline and diesel oil, and refining the purified gasoline and diesel oil It is achieved by a fuel production method using waste plastic, characterized in that made.

Another object of the present invention is a raw material supply device, a spiral raw material feeder connected to the raw material supply device, a cracking tank for cracking the raw material supplied from the spiral raw material feeder, a heating furnace for heating the decomposition tank, low boiling point generated in the decomposition tank A rectifying tower for rectifying hydrocarbon oil, a gasoline cooler for cooling the high temperature gasoline rectified in the rectifying tower, a diesel oil cooler for cooling the high temperature diesel oil rectified in the rectifying tower, and cooled in the gasoline cooler and diesel oil cooler. It can be achieved by a fuel production apparatus using waste plastic, characterized in that the gasoline refinery device for refining gasoline and diesel oil and diesel oil refinery device, respectively.

[Configuration and Function of Invention]

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Waste plastics used as raw materials in the present invention are all waste products made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and the like, and include agricultural plastic films, plastic bags, household plastic tableware, For example, packaging styrofoam. However, non-combustible plastic products are excluded.

1 is an overall schematic view of a fuel production apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel production apparatus of the present invention is a raw material supply device 10 to which the waste plastic raw material is introduced, and the raw material supply device 10 of the Spiral raw material feeder 20 for transferring the raw material, the heating furnace 40 and the upper part of the decomposition tank 30, the rectification tower 50 is injected into the low boiling point hydrocarbons (low boiling point carbohydrates) generated in the decomposition tank 30 ), The gasoline cooler 60 and the diesel oil cooler 70 for cooling the high-temperature gasoline and diesel oil rectified in the rectification tower 50 are connected to the upper and lower portions of the rectification tower 50, the gasoline A gasoline refiner 80 and a diesel oil refiner 90 for refining gasoline and diesel oil cooled through the cooler 60 and the diesel oil cooler 70 are connected to the respective coolers 60 and 70. .

The spiral raw material feeder 20 is a conventional propeller type feeder to transfer the raw material by the drive motor 21 to appropriately adjust the injection amount of the raw material introduced into the decomposition tank (30).

The decomposition tank 30 is composed of a molecular fire plate and a material distribution plate may be installed explosion-proof membrane to ensure safety. In addition, a heating furnace 40 is installed under the decomposition tank 30 so as to receive heat from the briquette boiler or another boiler. The raw material of the liquid thickened in the decomposition tank 30 passes through the rectification tower 50. The rectification tower 50 filters the gasoline and diesel oil mixture as a liquid, and then performs a pilot rectification process for the gasoline and diesel oil. Separate gasoline, diesel and liquefied gas on the basis. At this time, the separated liquefied gas is discharged to the top of the rectification tower 50, the gasoline is supplied to the gasoline cooler 60 connected to the upper portion of the rectification tower 50, while diesel oil is lowered in the rectification tower (50) It is supplied to the connected diesel oil cooler (70).

The gasoline cooler 60 and the diesel oil cooler 70 are cooled by supplying cooling water to the outside of the cooling pipes 61 and 71 through which hot gasoline and diesel oil flow. That is, as shown in the drawing, the gasoline cooler 60 and the diesel oil cooler 70 are connected to the coolant supply valves 63 and 73 at the lower portions of the casings 62 and 72 to supply the coolant to supply high temperature gasoline. And diesel oil. The coolant heated by cooling the gasoline and the coolant is discharged to the outside through the coolant discharge pipes 64 and 74 disposed on the upper parts of the cooler cases 62 and 72.

The rectification tower 50, the gasoline refining device 80 and the diesel oil refining device 90 is configured on the same principle as a conventional petroleum refining facility.

In the above, the raw material supply device 10 and the spiral raw material feeder 20 constitute a raw material supply system, the cracking tank 30 and the heating furnace 40 constitute a cracking system, the rectification tower (50) And the auxiliary equipment constitute a classification system, the gasoline cooler 60 and the diesel oil cooler 70 a cooling system, and the gasoline refining device 80 and the diesel oil refining device 90 are refining systems. Configure

The method of manufacturing fuel using the fuel manufacturing apparatus of the present invention configured as described above is made in the following five steps.

The first step is the cleaning and grinding step.

This step is to make the raw materials to be supplied to a suitable state. The waste plastic collected in the trash can be cleaned and dried through a cutter, a cleaner, and a purifier such as a compression dryer, and finely cut using a cutter or a grinder. . Of course, if you have a clean plastic, you do not need to wash with water.

The second step is to supply the raw material prepared in the washing and grinding step to the decomposition tank 30 as a raw material supply step.

The pulverized waste plastic is first supplied to the raw material supply device 10, and then the raw waste plastic of the decomposition tank 30 is appropriately dispensed and injected through the spiral raw material feeder 20.

The third step is a decomposition distillation step, in which a raw material is heated to undergo a decomposition distillation process to decompose distillation into low boiling hydrocarbon molecules.

That is, as a cracking step, thermal cracking, hydrocracking, and catalytic cracking are generally employed, but in the present invention, a cracking method using heat and a catalyst is used. When the pulverized raw material is placed in the decomposition tank 30, the raw material melts due to the heat supplied from the heating furnace 40, thereby becoming a thick liquid. The catalyst disclosed in the present invention serves to accelerate the pyrolysis reaction rate. The heated molten plastic undergoes decomposition distillation by high temperature of 350-450 ° C., and the polymer alkanes are decomposed into low molecular hydrocarbons.

Catalysts composed mainly of SiO ₂ + Al ₂ O ₃ + Al ₂ (SiO ₄ ) ₃ increase the cracking rate to increase the production of low-boiling hydrocarbons, as well as the content of aromatic and branched-type hydrocarbons. By increasing the amount and reducing the wax component serves to produce a large amount of high-quality gasoline of high octane number. In addition, dehydrogenation can yield about 10-15% of carbon black as a by-product.

The fourth step is a separation step, injecting decomposed and distilled low boiling hydrocarbon into the rectification column 50 to filter the mixture liquid of gasoline and diesel oil, and then based on the pilot rectification process of gasoline and diesel oil, gasoline, diesel oil and liquefied gas. Liquefied gas from the top of the rectification tower (50) is about 10 to 15%, gasoline from the top of the rectification tower (50) is about 30 to 40%, and diesel oil from the bottom of the rectification tower (50) It occupies about 30-40%. One ton of clean waste plastic produces 300 ~ 400kg of gasoline and diesel, respectively, and the production rate reaches 70 ~ 80%. Liquefied gas can be sold by water-sealing or complete combustion, or by adding a dedicated facility, compressing the liquefied gas into liquid and placing it in an LPG container.

The fifth step is a cooling and refining step, and the high-temperature gasoline and diesel oil separated from the rectification tower 50 pass through the gasoline cooler 60 and the diesel oil cooler 70, respectively, and the gasoline refinery device 80 and It is supplied to the diesel oil refinery 90 and purified there to remove odors and pigments and commercialize it into gasoline and high quality diesel oil that can be used in automobiles.

Each of the above steps can be automated using a conventional automation device, of course.

Example 1

Experiments were carried out using the apparatus as shown in FIG. After washing and crushing the dry polyethylene waste plastic product using a cutter and a pulverizer, 20 kg of waste plastic fragments are continuously fed to the digestion tank 30 through the raw material feeder 10 and the spiral feeder 20. Supplied. The cracking tank was maintained at about 400 ° C. with the heat supplied from the furnace installed at the bottom thereof. The molten waste plastic fragments were decomposed and distilled into a low boiling hydrocarbon oil at a temperature of 350-400 ° C, at which time a catalyst comprising SiO ₂ + Al ₂ O ₃ + Al ₂ (SiO ₄ ) ₃ was added. As a result of the catalyst addition, the rate of cracking distillation increased and the wax component in the cracked distillation hydrocarbon was decreased, as well as the octane number of the gasoline was increased and dehydrogenation resulted in 2.5 kg of carbon black.

Hydrolysis and distillation of hydrocarbon oil was injected into the rectification tower 50 to obtain a mixture of gasoline and diesel oil, and 7.3 kg, 7.7 kg and 2.5 kg of gasoline, diesel oil and liquefied gas were obtained through the rectification process. The gasoline and diesel oil separated from the distillation tower were able to obtain high quality products that meet the Chinese national standard 70 gasoline standards (GB484-89) and the 0 diesel oil standard (GB252-87) by removing odors and contaminants. . Particularly, the gasoline and explosion-proof performance of gasoline is particularly excellent, the property of octane number is high, and the property is stable. There was no.

Example 2

In the method performed in Example 1, only the raw materials were replaced with fragments in which polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene waste plastics were mixed in the same ratio by weight ratio, and SiO ₂ + Al ₂ O ₃ + Al ₂ (SiO ₄ ) When the catalyst was carried out in the presence of ₃ catalysts, carbon black, gasoline, diesel oil, and liquefied gas were obtained in the amount of 2.4 kg, 7.8 kg, 8 kg, and 1.8 kg, respectively. There was no difference.

[Effects of the Invention]

As such, when the apparatus and the method according to the present invention are used, the process is simple and the operation is convenient, so it is easy to manufacture fuel such as gasoline and diesel oil, and the catalyst price is low, so it can be easily purchased, and the overall system operation is simple, It will be able to manufacture and supply high quality fuels that do not contain pollutants such as sulfur.

Of course, the petroleum can also be produced by the method of the present invention, but the gasoline and diesel oil are mainly produced in terms of utilization efficiency and demand.

As described above, the present invention provides a useful effect of reducing waste plastics, which are petrochemical products that are emerging as serious environmental pollution sources, into high quality fuels, thereby preventing environmental pollution and achieving energy reproduction.

Claims (4)

Raw material supply device 10, spiral raw material feeder 20 connected to the raw material feeder 10, decomposition tank 30 for cranking the raw material supplied from the spiral raw material feeder, heating furnace 40 for heating the decomposition tank ), A rectification tower 50 for rectifying the low boiling point hydrocarbon oil generated in the decomposition tank 30, a gasoline cooler 60 for cooling the high-temperature gasoline rectified in the rectification tower 50, the rectification tower 50 Diesel oil cooler (70) for cooling the high-temperature diesel oil rectified in the gasoline purifier (80) and diesel oil refinery for refining the gasoline and diesel oil cooled in the gasoline cooler (60) and diesel oil cooler (70), respectively Fuel production apparatus using waste plastic, characterized in that consisting of a manufacturing device (90). Washing and pulverizing the raw material to be supplied; a raw material supplying step of supplying the raw material prepared in the washing and crushing step to the decomposition tank 30; and heating the raw material in the presence of a catalyst to decompose and crank the low boiling point hydrocarbon oil through a decomposition distillation process A distillation step, a rectifying step of separating the decomposed distilled low boiling hydrocarbon oil into gasoline and diesel oil, a cooling step of cooling the rectified high-temperature gasoline and diesel oil, and a refining step of refining the cooled gasoline and diesel oil. A fuel production method using waste plastic. The method of claim 2, wherein the heating temperature in the decomposition distillation step is 350 ~ 450 ℃, the catalyst is SiO ₂ + Al ₂ O ₃ + Al ₂ (SiO ₄ ) _{3 The} fuel production method using waste plastic, characterized in that . The method of claim 2, wherein the raw material is a waste plastic comprising polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene.