KR0146006B1 - Process for extraction and separation of chitin from crab sheccs - Google Patents

Process for extraction and separation of chitin from crab sheccs

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KR0146006B1
KR0146006B1 KR1019940036503A KR19940036503A KR0146006B1 KR 0146006 B1 KR0146006 B1 KR 0146006B1 KR 1019940036503 A KR1019940036503 A KR 1019940036503A KR 19940036503 A KR19940036503 A KR 19940036503A KR 0146006 B1 KR0146006 B1 KR 0146006B1
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chitin
crab
weight
solution
extraction
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KR960022569A (en
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노홍균
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노홍균
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08BPOLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0006Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
    • C08B37/0024Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/00272-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/003Chitin, i.e. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-(beta-1,4)-D-glucan or N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosamine; Chitosan, i.e. deacetylated product of chitin or (beta-1,4)-D-glucosamine; Derivatives thereof

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

Abstract

본발명은 주로 페기처분되는 게 껍질로부터 부가가치가 높은 키틴자원으로 활요하기 위한것으로서, 특히 게 껍질로부터 키틴을 최적조건즉 효율적으로 분리할 수 있도록 한 분리추출방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention aims to mobilize chitin resources with high added value from crab shells that are mostly discarded, and more particularly, to a method of extracting and extracting the chitin from the crab shells in order to efficiently separate them.

즉 수거된 게껍질을 깨끗이 세척, 건조, 분쇄한 다음 상기 분쇄된 재료를 재료 중량에 대하여 15배에 해당하는 1N HCI용액에 투입교반하면서 30분간 처리하여 재료 내에 함유된 회분을 제거하고 상기재료를 다시 재료 중량에 대하여 15배에 해당하는 5% NaOH용액에 투입하여 65℃에서 교반하면서 1시간동안 처리하여 단백질을 제거한 다음 조키틴(탈색전의 키틴)을 얻고, 조키틴을 다시 재료중량의 10배 해당하는 0.32% NaOC1용액으로 탈색처리하므로서 게껍질로부터 키틴을 분리추출토록 하는 것이다.That is, the collected crab shells are washed, dried, and ground, and then the ground material is treated with 1 N HCI solution, which is 15 times the weight of the material, and stirred for 30 minutes to remove ash contained in the material. Again, the solution was added to a 5% NaOH solution corresponding to 15 times the weight of the material and treated for 1 hour while stirring at 65 ° C. to remove the protein, to obtain a jochitin (chitin before decolorization), and the jochitin was again 10 times the weight of the material. By decolorizing with the corresponding 0.32% NaOC1 solution, the chitin is separated from the crab shell.

Description

게껍질을 이용한 키틴의 분리추출방법Isolation of Chitin Using Crab Shells

본 발명은 페기처분되는 갑각류(게, 새우, 가재 등)의 껍질로부터 키틴을 보다 효과적으로 추출하여 경제적으로 재활용할 수 있도록 하는 게껍질을 이용한 키틴(chitin)의 분리추출방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method of separating and extracting chitin using a crab shell to more efficiently extract chitin from shells of crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, crayfish, etc.) that are discarded.

갑각류 페기물은 주로 30∼40%의 단백질과 30∼50%의 회분(주로 탄산칼슘) 및 20∼30%의 키틴으로 구성되어 있다.Crustacean waste consists mainly of 30-40% protein, 30-50% ash (mainly calcium carbonate) and 20-30% chitin.

상기와 같은 갑각류 껍질의 주요성분인 키틴(poly-β-(1-4)-N-acety1-D-glucosamine)은 셀룰로오즈(sellulose)와 유사한 구조를 가지면서 셀룰로오즈 다음으로 자연에서 가장풍부한 다당류이다.Chitin (poly-β- (1-4) -N-acety1-D-glucosamine), the main component of the crustacean shell as described above, has a structure similar to cellulose (sellulose) and is the most abundant polysaccharide in nature after cellulose.

위와 같이 갑각류의 주성분을 이루고 있는 키틴은 키토산(탈아세틸화된 키틴)과 더불어 화학, 의학 및 식품분야 등에 다양한 용도로 이용될 수 있기 때문에 최근 많은 관심을 끌어 왔다.Chitin, which constitutes the main component of the crustacean as above, has been attracting a lot of attention recently because it can be used for various purposes such as chitosan (deacetylated chitin) in the chemical, medical and food fields.

키틴과 키토산의 대표적인 응용분야를 예로 들면, 페수처리분야(응고제, 중금속 흡착제, 염료페수 정화제), 화장품분야(조발, 크림, 린스등), 약학 및 의학분야(항생제, 상처치료촉진제, 수술용 봉합사, 콘택트렌즈 등), 효소고정화 및 정제, 농약(살충제, 살균제), 식품분야(결합제, 안정제, 저칼로리 및 중량제 등) 등의 많은 산업분야에 널리 사용되고 있다.Typical applications of chitin and chitosan include, for example, wastewater treatment (coagulants, heavy metal adsorbents, dye wastewater purification agents), cosmetics (coatings, creams, rinses, etc.), pharmaceuticals and medicines (antibiotics, wound healing accelerators, surgical sutures). , Contact lenses, etc.), enzyme fixation and purification, pesticides (pesticides, fungicides), food fields (binders, stabilizers, low calorie and weight agents, etc.).

그러나 키틴의 원료가 되는 갑각류의 껍질은 국내의 경우만 하더라도 동해안 지여의 가공업체로부터 매년 엄청나게 많은량이 배출되고 있으며, 방치시에는 주요 환경오염의 요인이 된다.However, the shell of crustacean, which is a raw material of chitin, is emitted from the processing company in the East Coast every year even in Korea alone, and it is a major environmental pollution factor when it is left unattended.

본발명은 게가공업체로부터 배출되는 페기물을 재활용하여 환경오염의 요인을 배제함과 동시에 부가가치가 높은 키틴자원으로 활용코자 이들페기물로부터 키틴을 보다 효율적으로 분리할 수 있도록 하는 최적조건을 제공하고자 하는 것이다.The present invention aims to provide optimum conditions for the efficient separation of chitin from these wastes by recycling waste products from crab processing companies to eliminate environmental pollution factors and using them as high value added chitin resources. .

갑각류 껍질의 일반성분은 상기에서 설명한 바와 같이 회분(대부분 탄산칼슘) 30∼50%, 단백질 30∼40%, 키틴 20∼30%로 구성되어 있으며 이들의 비율은 갑각류의 종류와 수확계절에 따라 다소 차이가 있다.As described above, the general components of shellfish shell are composed of 30-50% of ash (mostly calcium carbonate), 30-40% of protein, and 20-30% of chitin, and their proportions vary depending on the type of crustacean and the harvest season. There is a difference.

따라서 게 껍질로부터 키틴을 추출하기 위하여는 키틴 이외의 성분 즉 단백질이나 회분 등을 제거하여야 한다.Therefore, in order to extract chitin from the crab shell, components other than chitin, such as protein or ash, should be removed.

지금까지 게 껍질로부터 키틴을 추출하기 위하여 제출된 연구보고서에 의하면 탈회분은 일반적으로 실온에서 산으로 탈단백질은 가열한 상태에서 알카리로 수시간에서 수일간 처리하였다.To date, research reports submitted to extract chitin from crab shells show that demineralization is typically treated with acids at room temperature and alkaline for several hours to several days while the deprotein is heated.

그러나 강산과 강알카리로 장시간 처리하게 되면 키틴의 분자량감소 및 탈아세틸화를 야기시키게 되므로 바람직하지 못한 것이었다.However, long-term treatment with strong acids and strong alkalis is undesirable because it causes reduced molecular weight and deacetylation of chitin.

그러므로 탈회분 및 탈단백질처리공저에서 키틴분자의 분해를 최소화 할 수 있는 추출조건의 선정이 요구되는 것이었다.Therefore, it was required to select the extraction conditions to minimize the degradation of chitin molecules in deashing and deproteinization process.

본발명자는 상기의 최적추출조건을 위하여 여러방향으로 실험한 결과 가장 이상적인 처리조건을 선정하기에 이르렀다.The present inventors have experimented in various directions for the optimum extraction condition and have come to select the most ideal treatment condition.

즉 탈회분이나 탈단백질을 위하여는 처리공정에서 사용되는 시약용액의 농도나 처리시간, 온도 및 원료중량에 대한 시약용액량의 비율에 따라 매우 다른 결과가 얻어지는 것이었다.In other words, for deashing or deproteinizing, very different results were obtained depending on the concentration of the reagent solution used in the treatment step, the treatment time, the temperature, and the ratio of the reagent solution to the raw material weight.

따라서 게 껍질로부터 효과적인 키틴의 추출을 위하여는 반드시 적절한 농도의 시약과 양 및 처리온도, 처리시간이 매우 중요한 요인이 된다는 사실이다.Therefore, for effective chitin extraction from crab shells, the proper concentration of reagent, amount, treatment temperature, and treatment time are very important factors.

또한 처리시 처리조건, 즉 침지식이냐 교반식이냐에 따라서도 상당한 시간적인 차이를 나타냄을 알았다.In addition, it was found that there is a significant time difference depending on the treatment conditions, i.e., immersion or stirring.

상기에서 침지식은 교반식에 비해 추출효율성이 낮고 장시간을 요하게 되므로 키틴분자의 분해를 초래하게 될 우려가 있으므로 이상적이지 못하며, 또한 수거된 재료는 충분히 세척, 건조한 다음 분쇄하여 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.Since the immersion type is less efficient extraction than the stirring type and requires a long time, there is a risk of causing the decomposition of chitin molecules, which is not ideal, and the collected material is preferably washed, dried, and then ground.

건조 분쇄된 재료를 이용하여 탈회분 및 탈단백질이 끝나더라도 재료, 즉 게 껍질 내에는 상당량의 색소가 잔존하게 되므로 기존 상품과 유사한 백색의 키틴제품을 얻기 위해서는 적절한 탈색소공정이 요구된다.Even when the demineralized ash and the deproteinized protein are dried using a dry pulverized material, a considerable amount of pigment remains in the material, ie, the crab shell, so that an appropriate depigmentation process is required to obtain a white chitin product similar to the existing product.

이하 게 껍질로부터 본발명에서 얻고자 하는 키틴의 분리추출을 위한 이상적인 실시예를 공정별로 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, an exemplary embodiment for separating and extracting chitin to be obtained in the present invention from the crab shell will be described in detail by process.

[제1공정][Step 1]

재료준비공정Material Preparation Process

게 가공업체 등으로부터 수집된 대게 껍질을 물로 깨끗이 세척하여 껍질표면에 잔류하는 단백질 및 불순물을 충분히 제거하고, 불순물이 제거된 껍질을 80℃에서 3시간 건조하고, 건조가 완료된 게 껍질을 분쇄기로 분쇄한다.The crab shells collected from the crab processor etc. are washed thoroughly with water to sufficiently remove proteins and impurities remaining on the surface of the crab, and the dried shells are dried at 80 ° C. for 3 hours, and the dried crab shells are crushed with a grinder. do.

분쇄된 게 껍질을 10,20,40,80메쉬(mesh)의 체로 쳐서 입자별로 선별하여 구분한 후 실온에서 별도로 보관한다.Crushed crab shells are sifted into 10,20,40,80 mesh sieves, sorted by particle, and stored separately at room temperature.

[제2공정][Step 2]

키틴의 분리추출을 위한 탈회분공정Deashing Process for the Extraction of Chitin

(본공정에서 사용한 재료은 20∼40메쉬 사이의 재료를 사용한 것임)(Materials used in this process are those using materials between 20 and 40 mesh)

적정크기로 분쇄된 재료를 탈회분하기 위하여 재료의 전체중량을 1로하였을 때 1N HC1용액을 15배로 준비하고, 실온상태에서 재료를 투입한 다음 서서히 교반하면서 30분간 처리한다.In order to demineralize the ground material to the appropriate size, 1N HC1 solution was prepared 15 times when the total weight of the material was 1, and the material was added at room temperature, followed by 30 minutes of gentle stirring.

처리가 완료된 재료는 여과지를 사용하여 진공여과한 후, 잔사를 물과 증류수로 충분히 세척하고 과잉의 수분을 제거하기 위하여 진공여과 시킨다.The treated material is vacuum filtered using filter paper, and then the residue is sufficiently washed with water and distilled water and vacuum filtered to remove excess moisture.

상기와 같이 처리하므로서 게 껍질 즉 재료에 함유된 회분은0.10%정도로 거의 제거된다.By the treatment as described above, the ash contained in the crab shell, i.e., the material, is almost removed at about 0.10%.

[제3공정][Step 3]

키틴의 분리추출을 위한 탈단백질공정Deproteinization Process for the Extraction of Chitin

제2공정을 통하여 재료 내에 함유된 회분을 분리제거한 재료를 다시 5% NaOH용액으로 처리하게 된다.Through the second step, the material from which the ash contained in the material is separated is treated again with 5% NaOH solution.

사용되는 5% NaOH의 양은 재료중량의 15배가 적절하며 처리온도 및 시간은 65℃에서 1시간정도 교반하면서 처리하므로서 재료에 함유된 단백질의 분리제거가 완료된다.The amount of 5% NaOH used is suitably 15 times the weight of the material, and the treatment temperature and time are treated with stirring for about 1 hour at 65 ° C to complete the separation and removal of the protein contained in the material.

처리가 완료된 재료는 다시 여과지를 사용하여 진공여과한 후 잔사를 물과 증류수로 충분히 세척하고 다시 전공여과하여 과잉의 수분을 제거한다.The treated material is again vacuum filtered using filter paper, and the residue is sufficiently washed with water and distilled water, followed by major filtration to remove excess moisture.

상기와 같이 처리하므로서 게 껍질의 재료로부터 회분과 단백질이 제거된 조키틴(탈색전 키틴)의 추출이 완료되며, 이때 조키틴 내에 함유된 질소의 함량은 6.38%로 측정되었다.As described above, extraction of the jochitin (chitin before decolorization) from which ash and protein were removed from the material of the crab shell was completed. At this time, the content of nitrogen contained in the jochitin was measured to be 6.38%.

[제4공정][Step 4]

탈색소공정Depigmentation process

탈회분 및 탈단백질 후 키틴에 강하게 결합된 색소를 제거하기 위하여 0.32%의 NaOC1용액으로 3분가 처리하므로서 게 껍질이 갖고 있는 색소를 거의 제거하여 밝은 백색을 띤 키틴이 얻어진다.In order to remove pigments strongly bound to chitin after demineralization and deproteinization, a three-minute treatment with 0.32% NaOC1 solution almost eliminates the pigments in the crab shell, resulting in a bright white chitin.

상기에서 사용된 NaOC1의 양은 재료의 양에 대하여 10배정도가 이상적이다.The amount of NaOC1 used above is ideally about 10 times the amount of material.

따라서 상기와 같은 공정을 통하여 게 껍질로부터 회분과 단백질 및 색소를 제거한 키틴의 추출이 완료되는 것이다.Therefore, the extraction of chitin from ash, protein and pigment removed from the crab shell is completed through the above process.

위와 같은 처리를 통하여 얻어지는 탈색된 키틴의 질소함량은 수분과 회분이 없는 상태로 계산해서 6.45%이며 회분은 0.15% 정도이다.Nitrogen content of the decolorized chitin obtained through the above treatment is calculated to be 6.45% without moisture and ash, and the ash content is about 0.15%.

키틴의 회수율은 재료 즉 게 껍질의 입자가 20∼40메쉬일 때 재료에 함유된 키틴의 함량을 측정한 결과 26.65%이었고, 수율은 24.8%로서 약 93%의 키틴회수율을 얻을 수 있었다.The recovery of chitin was 26.65% as a result of measuring the content of chitin in the material when the particles of the crab shell were 20 to 40 mesh, and the yield was 24.8%, yielding a chitin recovery of about 93%.

상기 본발명의 실시함에 있어서 사용된 게 껍질의 입자는 편의상 20∼40메쉬의 재료를 선별하여 사용한 것이며, 재료의 입자 즉 크기에 따라 각각 측정한 결과 별차이가 없음을 확인하였다.Particles of the crab shell used in the practice of the present invention is used to select 20-40 mesh material for convenience, and it was confirmed that there is no difference as a result of each measurement according to the material particle size.

따라서 본발명은 페기처분되는 게 껍질을 이용하여 다양한 용도로 사용할 수 있는 키틴을 분리추출하여 재활용토록 하므로서, 환경오염의 요인을 줄임과 동시에 경제적인 측면에서도 유용하게 재사용할 수 있게 되는 등의 효과가 있는 것이다.Therefore, the present invention separates and extracts chitin that can be used for various purposes by using scrapped crab shells, thereby reducing environmental pollution and being useful for economical reuse. It is.

Claims (1)

갑각류의 껍질로부터 키틴(chitin)을 추출함에 있어서, 대게 껍질을 물로 깨끗이 세척한 다음 충분히 건조하고, 건조된 재료를 일정크기의입자로 분쇄하고, 분쇄된 재료를 재료중량에 대하여 15배에 해당하는 1N HC1 용액에 투입 교반하면서 30분가 처리하여 재료내에 함유된 회분을 제거하고, 상기 재료를 다시 재료중량에 대하여 15배에 해당하는 5% NaoH 용액에 투입하여 65℃에서 1시간 정도 교반처리하므로서 단백질이 제거된 조키틴(탈색전의 키틴)을 얻고, 조키틴을 다시 재료중량에 대하여 10배에 해당하는 0.32% Naoc1 용액으로 3분간 탈색처리하여 백색의 키틴을 분리 추출하여서 됨을 특징으로 하는 게 껍질을 이용한 키틴(chitin)의 분리 추출방법.In extracting chitin from shells of crustaceans, the shells are usually washed thoroughly with water and then dried sufficiently, the dried material is ground into particles of a certain size, and the ground material is 15 times the weight of the material. The mixture was added to 1N HC1 solution for 30 minutes with stirring to remove ash contained in the material, and the material was added to a 5% NaoH solution corresponding to 15 times the weight of the material, followed by stirring at 65 ° C. for about 1 hour. The removed chitin (chitin before decolorization) is obtained, and the chitin is decolorized with 0.32% Naoc1 solution corresponding to 10 times the material weight for 3 minutes to separate and extract white chitin. Separation and extraction of chitin using.
KR1019940036503A 1994-12-20 1994-12-20 Process for extraction and separation of chitin from crab sheccs KR0146006B1 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20010094573A (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-11-01 김동석 Manufacturing method of crab shell - biosorbent for the removal of heavy metal ion from aquous solution
KR100509572B1 (en) * 1998-07-28 2005-11-11 한상문 Chitin artificial coating and chitin ointment for the treatment of defective skin
KR100876921B1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2009-01-07 주식회사 경희매니지먼트컴퍼니 Method for tenderizing shell of crustacean or animal horny substance

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KR102393124B1 (en) * 2021-01-13 2022-05-03 농업회사법인 (주)한국유용곤충연구소 Method for preparing fermented insect feed additive comprising Ptecticus tenebrifer and insect chitin, and fermented insect feed additive prepared by the same

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100509572B1 (en) * 1998-07-28 2005-11-11 한상문 Chitin artificial coating and chitin ointment for the treatment of defective skin
KR20010094573A (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-11-01 김동석 Manufacturing method of crab shell - biosorbent for the removal of heavy metal ion from aquous solution
KR100876921B1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2009-01-07 주식회사 경희매니지먼트컴퍼니 Method for tenderizing shell of crustacean or animal horny substance

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