KR0139796B1 - Control of the cable drum of a winch holding a free-falling ramming weight - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Devices for operating rope drums of winch ropes connected to free-fall ramming weights

1 shows an embodiment of an operating device according to the invention.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: upper pulley 2: jib

3: lifting rope 4: winch drum

5: RAM 6: Inner elongated chamber (Chamber)

7: upper wall 8: hole

9: Additional Weight 10: Tubular Pile

12: hydraulic lifting motor 13: disc clutch

14: stop brake 15: measuring sensor

16: vertex valve 17: additional switch valve

19, 20: hydraulic pump 21: gear

22: diesel engine 24: lower driving surface

25: facing contact

The present invention provides a winch in which the rope is pulled by a free-fall ramming weight connected to the rope, and then the winch is lifted a ramming weight that is momentarily placed on the material to be beaten and removes the material to the desired drop height. A device for actuating the drum of a rope, the load lifting means being arranged at such height on a ramming weight on which the rope can be braked to prevent the rope from loosening before hitting the ramming weight within an overrun distance. Or so connected to the rope and the rope is braked through the winch drum immediately after, or simultaneously with or before the ramming weight hits the material to be beat within the overrun distance.

For example, such ramming weights are used for compacting soil or other materials, or for drilling hollow or solid piles, with a drop height of, for example, 3 to 10 meters.

The free fall of the ramming weight is only braked by the inertia and friction of the connected mass, the rope pulled by the winch drum accelerates at a significant speed and the rope may loosen after the ramming weight hits the material to be beaten and the rope is not braked. If not, it means that when the ramming weight hits the material to be beaten, the rope can even be entangled on the winch to keep the rope tensioned. If the rope is braked urgently, part of the impact by the ramming weight may act on the rope drum with an unnecessary mass dynamic load effect.

On the other hand, if the rope is braked too late, the rope will loosen and the rope will jump out of the groove in the rope drum.

In general, rope drums must be braked to some extent by the impact of ramming weights on the material to be struck. It is proposed to detect the noise caused by shock and brake the rope drum with a predetermined delay after the reaction of the sensor.It is proposed to detect the vibration wave of the rope caused by the impact with the sensor and to brake at a timely scheduled delay or immediately. It became.

However, the two mechanisms need improvement because neither the noise of the rope nor the vibration wave can be used as a sufficiently accurate control signal. It is therefore an object of the present invention that the rope pulled by the ramming weight can be braked within a predetermined overrun distance in a Jerk-free manner and prevents the rope from loosening, thus reducing the selected drop height during the next ram impact. It provides an actuator of the type mentioned at the outset. This object according to the invention is to achieve the content of this type of implement by driving the winch drum by the prime mover via a sliding clutch with an adjustable torque.

The adjustable torque is set to the limit value as soon as it is lifted through the height of the overrun distance, and the limit value is lifted by the load lifting means rather than the ramming weight in relation to the weight of the rope and the load lifting means. Immediately or prior to the lifting of the rope, the increase in the tensile stress of the rope activates the measuring device, which measures the rope length up to the desired drop height, and when the limit value is reached, the clutch reaches the ramming weight from the smaller torque of the overrun distance. When the winch brake is applied immediately after the rope length corresponding to the drop height on the winch is pulled out of the winch drum after lifting the rope length corresponding to the drop height on the winch, the clutch changes to pre-wound operation.

The actuation mechanism according to the invention makes it possible to meet the point of impact of the ramming weight by accurately measuring the rope length without the need for the provision of a sensor. The point of lifting the ramming weight from the material to be struck can be very precisely based on an increase in the tension of the rope to a limit value less than the tension required to lift the ramming weight but greater than the tension required to lift the load lifting means. .

At this point, the rope quoting the ramming weight is tensioned so that the rope length until the ramming weight is lifted up to the selected stroke height can be accurately adjusted and measured. In the case of the following impact, the impact point of the ramming weight resulting from free fall of the ramming weight at a given height can be accurately measured by pulling the rope length from the winch drum, corresponding to the measured ramstroke height. Therefore, when the previously measured rope length is pulled out of the winch drum, corresponding to the point of impact of the ramming weight, the winch brake is applied to brake the rope with the load lifting means within the overlin distance.

In the actuation mechanism according to the invention, the lowering of the upper point of the stroke is considered automatically, for example resulting in the pile being driven into the ground. Therefore, in the actuating mechanism according to the present invention, the load lifting means is lifted during the overrun height with reduced tension until all ramming weights act on the rope after moving along the overrun distance.

This results in an initial increase in tension while the clutch slips until the threshold is reached, indicating the position of the ramming weight at the point of impact on the material to be hit next. This load limit value is stored as a zero point for measuring the rope immediately upon lifting up to the selected stroke height. In the case of the next ram strike, the impact setting of the ramming weight on the material to be struck and the correct setting of the impact point mean that the ram wear can be reduced. This is because the impact load effect can be largely eliminated.

Moreover, the life of the rope can be extended considerably. This is because the rope is less loaded, and the twisting of the rope in the groove on the rope drum is prevented. By preventing the ropes from loosening and preventing unnecessary jerks, the operation of the ram can be made easier and safer.

When the load lifting means is lifted along the overrun distance and the limit value is reached, it is desirable that the rope tension is continuously increased to the rated torque of the winch. This continuous increase in tension, on the one hand, avoids the Jacques and impact loads, while on the other hand is an achievement in increasing the efficiency of the ramming device. When the rope or load lifting means is lifted or wound from the set position to the limit value, the clutch automatically moves from lifting to free fall. The rope drum is preferably braked by the sliding clutch, and the clutch is set to an appropriate braking moment.

As described above, the braking time in this respect is set precisely by the length of the rope, corresponding to a pre-measured stroke height, the length of which is drawn out of the winch drum until the point of ramming impact on the material to be beaten. Length.

A preferred form of the invention is that the sliding clutch after braking of the rope, the load lifting means, each moment of the winch drum and thereby the respective mass that rotates is switched to lift the load lifting means.

By this switching of the clutch, the load lifting means is automatically lifted until the limit value is reached and the ramming weight is lifted so that the ramming operation is performed quickly without idle time by a moderate increase in tension.

On the other hand, if the ramming weight had to break into the ground cavity, the fact that the ramming weight fell into the cavity would still not cause any large jacquard. This is because the required rope length can be taken out of the winch drum by sliding the clutch.

According to a further development of the invention, the load lifting means have a large mass or an additional mass of such size is required to prevent the rope from loosening during overrun and during braking. Without sufficient mass of the load lifting means, it is possible to provide an additional mass which keeps the rope in the desired manner and prevents the rope from loosening during overrun distances and during braking. The mass of the load lifting means alone or the added mass and the sum may be up to 200 kg.

Another feature of the present invention is that braking of the load lifting means after pulling the rope length, corresponding to the drop height from the winch drum, which can be shortened by some reserve amount, which is dependent on the mass to be braked in translation and rotational movement. It is done.

This type of operation may be advantageous if a drop height greater than 3 to 5 meters is chosen, for example. In this case, in particular the winch drum and the part rotating together with the winch drum are accelerated to a rotational speed which results in significant angular moment. The sliding clutch is preferably hydraulically operated with a disc clutch having a special low wear rate. By this disc clutch the required variable torque can be set quickly and reliably. This is because the force calculated by using the discharge path of the hydraulic cylinder or the spring-loaded disc clutch is variable in such a way that the magnitude of the torque is a linear function.

In another form of the invention, the rope drum is driven through an automatic drive with planetary gears, namely a planetary wheel, and the two output sides of the planetary gear can be connected to each other via a sliding clutch. In the case of this design according to the invention, the sliding clutch can be set in a simple way to adjust the angular torque up to the sliding limit, and moreover the rope drum can be easily switched for the prewheel and additionally the stop brake is It may be provided on the driving side or arranged to apply a stop brake when the driving motor is stopped.

The load lifting mechanism may be a plate attached by a rope or chain, which is grounded. The ramming weight may be in the form of a cylindrical ram having a generally cylindrical chamber of a length greater than the overrun distance, and the load lifting means or additional weight may be arranged in the chamber and connected to a rope extending through the hole in the top of the chamber. .

According to a further improved embodiment of the present invention, the ramming weight can be formed by a grab of a single rope excavator, which will additionally be moved to a static bell member which will help the top point of the stroke to open the crab. There is a need.

An embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings showing the drive of a rope drum of a winch for ramming weights freely falling.

The upper pulley 1 of the crane, the excavator, is shown with one jib 2 for the sake of simplicity and has a lifting rope 3 loaded on the pulley. In the form of a ram 5 the drive weight is suspended on a rope. The lifting rope 3 is wound around the winch drum 4 in a conventional manner. The ram 5 is comprised by the cylindrical member provided with the elongate chamber 6 inside. The upper wall 7 of the ram has a hole 8 through which the lifting rope 3 hangs. The load lifting means 9 consists of, for example, a cylindrical weight of 200 kg and is reliably fixed to the lower free end of the lifting rope 3. The load lifting means 9 can be lowered in the cylindrical chamber 6 of the ram 5.

However, when the lifting rope is wound upward, the upper surface of the load lifting means 9 having a diameter larger than the diameter of the hole 8 is attached to the edge of the hole so that the ram is lifted by the load lifting means 9 and the lifting rope. Will be driven against. The ram 5 is guided in the tubular pile 10 for vertical reciprocation. The ram 5 is dropped by the winch drum 4 changing to freewheel mode after the ram 5 is lifted to a predetermined height to drive the pile 10.

The winch drum 4 is driven by the hydraulic lifting motor 12 through the planetary gear, but the two output sides of the planetary gear are connected to each other by the disc clutch 13. The disc clutch 13 is engaged by the compression spring and is disengaged by the hydraulic piston and cylinder actuator (not shown). When the interlocking disc clutch provides 20 torque or brake force corresponding to a 20 ton lifting rope tension, for example, the hydraulic piston and cylinder actuator with a maximum pressure of 80 bar can be controlled to zero the brake force or tension from 20 t. It can be used to reduce.

On the input side of the winch is a stop brake 14, which is composed of a disc clutch and is applied when the lifting motor 112 is stopped. The length of each rope wound on the winch 4 can be measured by the measuring sensor 15, which can be, for example, an incremental pickup.

By means of an additional switch valve 17 the disc clutch is switched to the pre-wheel mode, which pulls the rope out of the winch drum 4 in which the free-falling ram 5 free-rotates. Hydraulic oil is supplied to the hydraulic circuit shown in the figure by the hydraulic pumps 19 and 20, and the pump is driven from the diesel engine 22 through the gear 21.

At the beginning of the pile, the drive ram 5 has a lower driving surface 24 which is placed on the opposing contact surface 25, and the opposing contact surface 25 is formed by the bottom of the tubular pile 10. In this state, the load lifting means 9 is located at the lower part of the chamber 6, for example, to keep the rope 3 taut to prevent looseness.

To start this initial state, the automatic control operation will be initiated, for example, by pressing the knob. The automatic controller will fit the disc clutch with limited rope tension to lift the load lifting means 9, while the pump 19 for the lifting motor 12 is set to maximum displacement. As soon as the load lifting means 9 hits the upper wall 7 of the ram 5, the mechanism pressure in the pump circuit increases, acting on the clutch so that the maximum rope tension is adjusted. When the pressure limit is exceeded, the clutch 13 is immediately changed from the limited rope tension and the rope tension is increased to the maximum, and the rope length measuring means, that is, the measuring sensor 15 is set to zero. Thus, the point of the ram 5 is precisely set for the next strike.

When the free fall reaches the preselected height, the pump 20 moves rapidly to zero displacement, and the clutch is fitted through the switch valve 17 in the free fall state. When the down counter of the measuring sensor reaches zero, the clutch 13 is immediately engaged with the reduced rope tension, and the brake is applied within an overrun distance of about 0.7 m, which is a load lifting means constituting the additional weight.

At the moment of hitting the ram 5 on the bottom of the tubular pile 10 the lower end of the additional weight 9 will be located at the level 30. The level 30 thus points to the braking point and the clutch 13 is operated as an overrun brake. In other words, when the free fall height exceeds 3 m, for example, the switching point 30 for braking the load lifting means or for braking the additional brake by the upward reserve distance is minimized in order to minimize the overrun distance of the winch. It is appropriate to set. This preliminary distance can be freely selected and depends on the free fall height and can generally range from 50 to 90 cm.

Since the clutch 13 only partially engages during braking of the additional weight, the ram will draw enough rope from the winch even if it does not encounter any resistance, even if it falls within the cavity of the ground, for example.

As soon as the additional weight 9 stops, the clutch 13 pulls the additional weight 9 with the increased tension force by the brake moment, so that a new lifting and striking cycle begins as soon as the ram collides.

Claims (11)

The load lifting means is connected to the rope or placed over the ramming weight to prevent the rope from loosening before the ramming weight hits the ramming weight within the overrun distance, and the ramming weight hits the material to be beaten within the overrun distance. Ramming braking through the winch drum immediately after, or simultaneously, or before the point of time, withdrawing the rope by means of a free-fall ramming weight connected to the rope, after which the winch will be struck and temporarily suspended, removing the material to the desired drop height. In a device for drum operation of a winch rope that lifts weights, the winch drum is driven by a prime mover via a sliding clutch with an adjustable torque, and the torque is set to the limit value as soon as it is lifted through the height of the overrun distance, The limit values are for the rope and the load so that the lifting means, not the ramming weight, is lifted. Regarding the weight of both means, once the limit value is reached, the lifting force of the rope immediately or before the lifting of the ramming weight triggers the measuring device, which measures the rope length to the desired drop height, When the limit value is reached, the clutch is switched from the lower torque within the overrun distance to the torque or rated torque for lifting the ramming weight, and after lifting the rope of the length corresponding to the drop height on the winch, the clutch is switched to pre-wheel operation. Apparatus for the operation of the drum of the winch rope, characterized in that the winch brake is applied immediately if the rope length corresponding to the drop height is removed from the winch drum. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rope tension is continuously increased to the rated torque of the winch when the limit value is reached. The device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the rope drum is braked by the sliding clutch, and the sliding clutch is switched to a suitable braking moment. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein after the braking of each moment of inertia of the rope or winch drum of the load lifting means and the other rotating mass, the sliding clutch is switched to the overrun torque to lift the load lifting means. A device for the operation of a drum of a winch rope. 5. The operation of a drum of a winch rope according to claim 1, characterized in that it possesses a mass which can prevent the rope from loosening during braking along the overrun distance, or is provided with an additional mass of such size. Device for. The brake according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the braking of the load lifting means is carried out after pulling the rope length corresponding to the drop height, which rope length reflects any transverse and rotational mass to be braked. Device for operation of the drum of the winch rope characterized in that it is reduced by The device for operating a drum of a winch rope according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sliding clutch is a hydraulically actuated disc clutch. 8. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rope drum is driven by a planetary or autogear which is connected to each other by means of a sliding clutch. 9. Apparatus for operating a drum of a winch rope according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a plate for compacting the ground is attached to the load lifting means by chains or ropes. 9. The ramming weight according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the ramming weight is formed of a cylindrical ram having an inner cylindrical chamber of a length exceeding an overrun distance, and the load lifting means or additional weight is installed in the chamber, and the load A device for the operation of a drum of a winch rope, characterized in that the lifting means or additional weight is connected to a lifting rope extending through a hole in the upper wall of the chamber. 9. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ramming weight is formed by a grab of a single rope excavator.

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