JPWO2021085280A1 - Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal element, sensor, liquid crystal lens, optical communication equipment and antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

A nematic liquid crystal composition, which has a wide nematic liquid crystal temperature range, is stable at room temperature, and has a high refractive index anisotropy Δn in a liquid crystal material capable of greater phase control with respect to microwave or millimeter electromagnetic waves. And a liquid crystal element, a sensor, a liquid crystal lens, an optical communication device or an antenna using them. Specifically, the liquid crystal composition is characterized by containing one or two kinds of the compound represented by the general formula (i) and one or two kinds of the compound represented by the general formula (ii). Is.

Description

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal element, a sensor, a liquid crystal lens, an optical communication device, and an antenna.

As a new application of liquid crystal display, which is often used for display applications, an antenna using a liquid crystal display that transmits and receives radio waves between a mobile body such as an automobile and a communication satellite is attracting attention. Conventionally, a parabolic antenna is used for satellite communication, but when it is used in a moving body such as an automobile, the parabolic antenna must be directed toward the satellite at any time, and a large moving part is required. However, since the antenna using the liquid crystal can change the direction of transmitting and receiving radio waves by operating the liquid crystal, it is not necessary to move the antenna itself, and the shape of the antenna can be made flat.
In general, automatic driving of automobiles and the like requires a large amount of data download of high-precision 3D map information. However, in the case of an antenna using a liquid crystal display, by incorporating the antenna into an automobile, it is possible to download a large amount of data from a communication satellite without a mechanical moving part. The frequency band used for satellite communication is about 13 GHz, which is significantly different from the frequencies used in conventional liquid crystal display applications. Therefore, the required physical characteristics of the liquid crystal display are also significantly different, and the Δn required for the liquid crystal display for the antenna is about 0.4, and the operating temperature range is -40 to 120 ° C. or higher.
Infrared laser image recognition / ranging devices using liquid crystals are also attracting attention as sensors for automatic driving of moving objects such as automobiles. The required Δn of the liquid crystal display for this application is 0.2 to 0.3, and the operating temperature range is -40 to 120 ° C. or higher.
On the other hand, as a liquid crystal display technology for an antenna, for example, Patent Document 1 can be mentioned.
Further, Non-Patent Document 1 proposes the use of a liquid crystal material as a constituent component of a high-frequency device.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-37607

D. Dolfi, "Electronics Letters", (UK), 1993, Vol. 29, No. 10, p. 926-927

However, when the usable temperature range of the liquid crystal composition described in Patent Document 1 was confirmed, it was confirmed that the storage stability at room temperature was particularly low. From this, a new problem has been confirmed that the liquid crystal composition described in Patent Document 1 cannot be used for an antenna of a high frequency device or the like.
Further, a liquid crystal material having a high refractive index anisotropy Δn, a wider nematic liquid crystal temperature range, and being stable at room temperature is also required in the field of high frequency devices.

Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and is a liquid crystal material capable of larger phase control with respect to electromagnetic waves of microwaves or millimeter waves. The nematic liquid crystal temperature range is wide and stable at room temperature. It is an object of the present invention to provide a nematic liquid crystal composition having a high refractive index anisotropy Δn, and a liquid crystal element, a sensor, a liquid crystal lens, an optical communication device or an antenna using the nematic liquid crystal composition.

As a result of diligent studies, the present inventors have found one or more compounds represented by the general formula (i) and one or more compounds represented by the general formula (ii), which will be described later. , And have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by the liquid crystal composition containing, and have completed the present invention.
The gist structure of the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.

The liquid crystal composition of the present invention is
The following general formula (i):

（上記一般式（ｉ）中、
Ｒ^ｉ１は、炭素原子数１〜１２のアルキル基を表わし、該アルキル基中の１個又は非隣接の２個以上の−ＣＨ_２−は、それぞれ独立して−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−Ｃ≡Ｃ−、−Ｏ−、−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯＯ−又は−ＯＣＯ−によって置換されていてもよく、また、Ｒ^ｉ１中に存在する１個又は２個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してフッ素原子に置換されていてもよく、
Ｙ^ｉ１は、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基又は炭素原子数１〜１２のアルキル基を表わし、該アルキル基中の１個又は非隣接の２個以上の−ＣＨ_２−は、それぞれ独立して−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−Ｃ≡Ｃ−、−Ｏ−、−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯＯ−又は−ＯＣＯ−によって置換されていてもよく、また、Ｙ^ｉ１中に存在する１個又は２個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してフッ素原子に置換されていてもよく、
Ｘ^ｉ１〜Ｘ^ｉ５は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子又はフッ素原子を表すが、Ｘ^ｉ１とＸ^ｉ２がともにフッ素原子を表すことはなく、Ｘ^ｉ３とＸ^ｉ４がともにフッ素原子を表すことはなく、
Ａ^ｉ１は、以下の基（ａ）〜基（ｃ）：
（ａ） １，４−シクロヘキシレン基（この基中に存在する１個の−ＣＨ_２−又は隣接していない２個以上の−ＣＨ_２−は−Ｏ−に置き換えられてもよい。）、
（ｂ） １，４−フェニレン基（この基中に存在する１個の−ＣＨ＝又は隣接していない２個以上の−ＣＨ＝は−Ｎ＝に置き換えられてもよい。）及び
（ｃ） ナフタレン−２，６−ジイル基、１，２，３，４−テトラヒドロナフタレン−２，６−ジイル基又はデカヒドロナフタレン−２，６−ジイル基（ナフタレン−２，６−ジイル基又は１，２，３，４−テトラヒドロナフタレン−２，６−ジイル基中に存在する１個の−ＣＨ＝又は隣接していない２個以上の−ＣＨ＝は−Ｎ＝に置換されていてもよい。）
からなる群より選ばれる基を表わし、上記の基（ａ）、基（ｂ）及び基（ｃ）中の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してハロゲン原子又はシアノ基で置換されていてもよく、
Ｚ^ｉ１及びＺ^ｉ２は、それぞれ独立して、−ＯＣＨ_２−、−ＣＨ_２Ｏ−、−Ｃ_２Ｈ_４−、−Ｃ_４Ｈ_８−、−ＣＯＯ−、−ＯＣＯ−、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−ＣＦ＝ＣＦ−、−ＣＦ_２Ｏ−、−ＯＣＦ_２−、−ＣＦ_２ＣＦ_２−、−Ｃ≡Ｃ−又は単結合を表すが、少なくとも一つのＺ^ｉ１あるいはＺ^ｉ２は−Ｃ≡Ｃ−を表わし、
Ｘ^ｉ１〜Ｘ^ｉ５の少なくとも１つがフッ素原子である、あるいはＡ^ｉ１中の少なくとも１つの水素原子がハロゲン原子又はシアノ基で置換されており、
ｍ^ｉ１は、１又は２を表わし、
Ａ^ｉ１が複数存在する場合は、それらは同一でもよく異なっていてもよく、Ｚ^ｉ１が複数存在する場合は、それらは同一でもよく異なっていてもよい。）
で表される化合物の１種又は２種以上と、
下記一般式（ｉｉ）：

(In the above general formula (i),
R ⁱ¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and one or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ −s in the alkyl group are independently −CH = CH− and −C≡ C -, - O -, - CO -, - COO- or -OCO- may be substituted by, ^also, one or more hydrogen atoms present in the ^{R i1} are each independently fluorine It may be replaced with an atom,
Y ⁱ¹ is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, one or non-adjacent two or more -CH 2 in the alkyl group _-, respectively independently -CH = CH -, - C≡C - , - O -, - CO -, - COO- or -OCO- may be substituted by, ^also, one present in ^{Y i1} or 2 More than one hydrogen atom may be independently substituted with a fluorine atom.
X ⁱ¹ to X ⁱ⁵ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine ^{atom, never X i1} and ^{X i2} represents both fluorine ^{atoms, never X i3} and ^{X i4} both represent a fluorine atom ,
A ⁱ¹ has the following groups (a) to (c):
(A) 1,4-Cyclohexylene group (one −CH ₂ − present in this group or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ − may be replaced with −O−),.
(B) 1,4-Phenylene group (one -CH = existing in this group or two or more non-adjacent -CH = may be replaced with -N =) and (c). Naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group or decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group (naphthalene-2,6-diyl group or 1,2) , 3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-A single -CH = present in a diyl group or two or more non-adjacent -CH = may be substituted with -N =).
Representing a group selected from the group consisting of, the hydrogen atom in the above group (a), group (b) and group (c) may be independently substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group, respectively.
Z ⁱ¹ and ^{Z i2} are each _{independently, -OCH 2 -, - CH 2} O -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C 4 H 8 -, - COO -, - OCO -, - CH = CH- , -CF = CF-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _{2- , -CF 2} CF _2- , -C ≡ C- or single bond, but at least one Z ⁱ¹ or Z ^{i 2} is -C ≡ C Represents-and
At ^{least one of X i1 to} X ⁱ⁵ is a fluorine atom, or ^{at least one hydrogen atom in A i1} is substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group.
^mi1 represents 1 or 2 and represents
When ^{there are a plurality of A i1} , they may be the same or different, and ^{when there are a plurality of Z i1} , they may be the same or different. )
One or more of the compounds represented by
The following general formula (ii):

（上記一般式（ｉｉ）中、
Ｒ^ｉｉ１及びＲ^ｉｉ２は、それぞれ独立して、フッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基又は炭素原子数１〜１２のアルキル基を表わし、該アルキル基中の１個又は非隣接の２個以上の−ＣＨ_２−は、それぞれ独立して−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−Ｃ≡Ｃ−、−Ｏ−、−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯＯ−又は−ＯＣＯ−によって置換されていてもよく、また、Ｒ^ｉｉ１及びＲ^ｉｉ２中に存在する１個又は２個以上の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してフッ素原子に置換されていてもよいが、Ｒ^ｉｉ１及びＲ^ｉｉ２がともにフッ素原子、塩素原子及びシアノ基から選ばれる置換基を表すことはなく、
Ｚ^ｉｉ１、Ｚ^ｉｉ２及びＺ^ｉｉ３は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、−ＯＣＨ_２−、−ＣＨ_２Ｏ−、−Ｃ_２Ｈ_４−、−Ｃ_４Ｈ_８−、−ＣＯＯ−、−ＯＣＯ−、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−ＣＦ＝ＣＦ−、−ＣＦ_２Ｏ−、−ＯＣＦ_２−、−ＣＦ_２ＣＦ_２−又は−Ｃ≡Ｃ−を表わし、
Ａ^ｉｉ１、Ａ^ｉｉ２、Ａ^ｉｉ３、Ａ^ｉｉ４及びＡ^ｉｉ５は、それぞれ独立して、以下の基（ａ）〜基（ｃ）：
（ａ） １，４−シクロヘキシレン基（この基中に存在する１個の−ＣＨ_２−又は隣接していない２個以上の−ＣＨ_２−は、−Ｏ−に置き換えられてもよい。）、
（ｂ） １，４−フェニレン基（この基中に存在する１個の−ＣＨ＝又は隣接していない２個以上の−ＣＨ＝は、−Ｎ＝に置き換えられてもよい。）及び
（ｃ） ナフタレン−２，６−ジイル基、１，２，３，４−テトラヒドロナフタレン−２，６−ジイル基又はデカヒドロナフタレン−２，６−ジイル基（ナフタレン−２，６−ジイル基又は１，２，３，４−テトラヒドロナフタレン−２，６−ジイル基中に存在する１個の−ＣＨ＝又は隣接していない２個以上の−ＣＨ＝は、−Ｎ＝に置換されていてもよい。）
からなる群より選ばれる基を表わし、上記の基（ａ）、基（ｂ）及び基（ｃ）中の水素原子は、それぞれ独立してハロゲン原子又はシアノ基で置換されていてもよく、
Ｘ^ｉｉ１及びＸ^ｉｉ２は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子又はフッ素原子を表わし、
ｍ^ｉｉ１、ｍ^ｉｉ２及びｍ^ｉｉ３は、それぞれ独立して、０又は１を表すが、ｍ^ｉｉ１＋ｍ^ｉｉ２＋ｍ^ｉｉ３は０又は１を表わし、
Ａ^ｉｉ１、Ａ^ｉｉ３及び／又はＡ^ｉｉ５がそれぞれ複数存在する場合は、それらは同一でもよく異なっていてもよく、Ｚ^ｉｉ１、Ｚ^ｉｉ２及び／又はＺ^ｉｉ３がそれぞれ複数存在する場合は、それらは同一でもよく異なっていてもよい。）で表される化合物の１種又は２種以上と、
を含有することを特徴とする。

(In the above general formula (ii),
R ⁱⁱ¹ and R ⁱⁱ² each independently represent a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and one of the alkyl groups or two or more non-adjacent −CHs. ₂ − may be independently substituted by −CH = CH −, −C≡C−, −O−, −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−, and R ⁱⁱ¹ and R ^{ii2, respectively.} One or more hydrogen atoms present therein may be independently substituted with a fluorine atom, ^{but both R ii1} and R ⁱⁱ² are substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a cyano group. Does not represent
Z ^{ii1, Z ii2} and ^{Z ii3} are each independently a single _{bond, -OCH 2 -, - CH 2} O -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C 4 H 8 -, - COO -, - OCO- , -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- or -C≡C-
A ⁱⁱ¹ , A ⁱⁱ² , A ⁱⁱ³ , A ⁱⁱ⁴ and A ⁱⁱ⁵ are independent of the following groups (a) to (c):
(A) 1,4-Cyclohexylene group (one −CH ₂ − present in this group or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ − may be replaced with −O−). ,
(B) 1,4-Phenylene group (one -CH = existing in this group or two or more -CH = not adjacent to each other may be replaced with -N =) and (c). ) Naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group or decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group (naphthalene-2,6-diyl group or 1, One −CH = or two or more non-adjacent −CH = present in the 2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group may be substituted with −N =. )
Representing a group selected from the group consisting of, the hydrogen atom in the above group (a), group (b) and group (c) may be independently substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group, respectively.
X ⁱⁱ¹ and X ⁱⁱ² independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, respectively.
m ^{ii1, m ii2} and ^{m ii3} each independently represent 0 or ^{1, m ii1 + m ii2 +} m ii3 represents 0 or 1,
If A ^{ii1, A ii3} and / or ^{A II5} is present in plural, they may be different may be the same ^or if the Z ^{ii1, Z ii2} and / or ^{Z ii3} are present in plural, they are the same But it can be very different. ), One or more of the compounds,
It is characterized by containing.

Further, the liquid crystal element, the sensor, the liquid crystal lens, the optical communication device or the antenna of the present invention is characterized in that the above liquid crystal composition is used.

Further, the antenna of the present invention has a first substrate provided with a plurality of slots and a first substrate.
A second board facing the first board and provided with a power feeding unit,
A first dielectric layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate,
A plurality of patch electrodes arranged corresponding to the plurality of slots, and
The third substrate provided with the patch electrode and
A liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the third substrate is provided.
The liquid crystal layer contains one or more of the compounds represented by the general formula (i) and one or more of the compounds represented by the general formula (ii). It is a feature.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a nematic liquid crystal composition having a high refractive index anisotropy (Δn), a wide nematic liquid crystal temperature range, and being stable at room temperature, and further, a liquid crystal element using the nematic liquid crystal composition. It will be possible to provide sensors, liquid crystal lenses, optical communication devices, in particular antennas.

It is an example of the schematic diagram of the vehicle equipped with the antenna which concerns on this invention. It is an example of the exploded view of the antenna which concerns on this invention. It is an example of the exploded view of the antenna body which concerns on this invention. This is an example of a top view of the slot array portion in the present invention. It is an example of the top view of the projection drawing of the antenna body which concerns on this invention. It is one form of the cross-sectional view which cut the antenna body of FIG. 5 by the line AA. This is another form of a cross-sectional view in which the antenna body of FIG. 5 is cut along the AA line. It is another example of the top view which shows the projection drawing of the antenna body which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing which cut the antenna body of FIG. 8 by a CC line. It is sectional drawing which cut the antenna body of FIG. 8 by the line BB.

Hereinafter, the liquid crystal composition, the liquid crystal element, the sensor, the liquid crystal lens, the optical communication device, and the antenna of the present invention will be illustrated in detail based on the embodiments thereof.

The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention contains a compound represented by the general formula (i) and a compound represented by the general formula (ii). Hereinafter, the compounds represented by the general formula (i) and the general formula (ii) will be described in order. The compound represented by the general formula (i) has a relatively high Δn and has good compatibility. Thereby, a stable liquid crystal composition can be provided at room temperature.

The liquid crystal compound represented by the general formula (i) in the present invention is as follows.

In the above general formula (i), R ⁱ¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and one or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ − in the alkyl group are independently −. CH = CH -, - C≡C - , - O -, - CO -, - COO- or -OCO- may be substituted by, ^also, one or more of hydrogen present in the ^{R i1} The atoms may be independently substituted with hydrogen atoms.

R ⁱ¹ is a linear group or a branched group, and is preferably a linear group. Further, R ⁱ¹ preferably represents an alkyl group having 2 to 11 carbon atoms, more preferably represents an alkyl group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms, and further preferably represents an alkyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms. Represents.
The alkyl group in the present specification is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group and an isodecyl. A linear alkyl group containing a group, a dodecyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group and the like is preferable.

^{The methylene group present in R i1 of the} above general formula (i) has −CH = CH−, −C≡C−, −O−, −CO−, −COO− so that oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other. Alternatively, it may be replaced with —OCO−. Specifically, ^Ri1 has an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Preferred are an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms. An alkyl group of 5 or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms is further preferable.

When the reliability of the entire liquid crystal composition is important, R ⁱ¹ is preferably an alkyl group, and when the reduction of the viscosity of the entire liquid crystal composition is important, R ⁱ¹ is preferably an alkenyl group. ..

The alkenyl group in the present specification is preferably selected from the groups represented by any of the formulas (R1) to (R5). (The black dots in each equation represent carbon atoms in the ring structure.)

The alkenyloxy group in the present specification is preferably selected from the groups represented by any of the formulas (R6) to (R10). (The black dots in each equation represent carbon atoms in the ring structure.)

The alkoxy group in the present specification is not particularly limited, and is preferably a linear alkoxy group containing a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, and a hexoxy group.

When ^{the ring structure to which R i1} is bonded is a phenyl group (aromatic), a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a carbon atom An alkoxy group having a number of 4 to 5 is preferable, and when the ring structure to which the alkoxy group is bonded is a saturated ring structure such as cyclohexane, pyran and dioxane, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and a linear structure are used. Alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and linear alkenyl groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms are preferable. In order to stabilize the nematic phase, the total of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms, if present, is preferably 5 or less, and is preferably linear.

In the above general formula (i), ^Ai1 represents a divalent cyclic group in which a hydrogen atom may be substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group. The cyclic group is any of the groups (a) to (c), and more preferably the group (a) or (b).
(A) 1,4-Cyclohexylene group (one −CH ₂ − present in this group or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ − may be replaced with −O−). ,
(B) 1,4-Phenylene group (one -CH = existing in this group or two or more -CH = not adjacent to each other may be replaced with -N =) and (c). ) Naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group or decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group (naphthalene-2,6-diyl group or 1, One −CH = or two or more non-adjacent −CH = present in the 2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group may be substituted with −N =. )

Specific examples of A ⁱ¹ include divalent cyclic groups represented by the following formulas (a1) to (a25).

（上記式中、＊は、炭素原子又は他の原子と結合する結合手を表わす。）

(In the above formula, * represents a bond that bonds to a carbon atom or another atom.)

Of the above divalent cyclic groups, (a1) to (a3), (a5) to (a6), (a9) to (a10), (a12) to (a25) are preferable, and (a1) to (a3). ), (A5) to (a6), (a12) to (a25) are more preferable, and (a1) to (a3), (a12) to (a25) are even more preferable.
Further, ^{when a plurality of Ai1} exist, they may be the same or different.

In the general formula ^{(i), Z i1} and ^{Z i2} are each _{independently, -OCH 2 -, - CH 2} O -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C 4 H 8 -, - COO -, - Represents OCO-, -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- , -C≡C- or a single bond, but at least one Z ⁱ¹ Alternatively, Z ⁱ² represents −C≡C−.
When Z ⁱ¹ and Z ⁱ² are the above conditions, it is easy for the linking group between the ring structures constituting the mesogen to secure the linearity of the molecule.
Further, in the above general formula ^(i), since at least one of ^{Z i2} and ^{m i1} amino ^{Z i1} represents -C≡C-, the compound represented by the general formula (i), at least within its structure It has one -C≡C-.
Z ⁱ¹ and Z ⁱ² are preferably single-bonded, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-, and -CF = CF- independently of each other. Z ⁱ¹ and Z ⁱ² are independent of each other, and a single bond is preferable when the stability of the liquid crystal composition is important, and −C≡C− is preferable when Δn is important.
When ^{there are a plurality of Z i1} , they may be the same or different.

In the above general formula (i), Y ⁱ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and one or two or more non-adjacent ones in the alkyl group. are each independently -CH = CH - -, - -CH 2 of C≡C -, - O -, - CO -, - COO- or -OCO- may be substituted by, ^{also, Y i1} One or more hydrogen atoms present therein may be independently substituted with fluorine atoms.
When the compound represented by the general formula (i) is a so-called p-type compound having a large positive dielectric constant anisotropy, Y ⁱ¹ may be a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group or the like. It is preferably a trifluoromethoxy group, more preferably a fluorine atom or a cyano group.
When the compound represented by the general formula (i) is a compound having a small positive dielectric anisotropy, Y ⁱ¹ is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (the alkyl), similarly to ^{R i1.} One or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ −s in the group are independently provided by −CH = CH−, −C≡C−, −O−, −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−, respectively. It may be substituted).
Further, Y ⁱ¹ and R ⁱ¹ may be the same or different. Furthermore, Y ⁱ¹ is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (one or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ − in the alkyl group are independently −CH = CH−, −C, respectively. ≡C -, - O -, - CO -, - if it is even or) substituted by COO- or -OCO-, aspects of the preferred ^{Y i1} are the same as the preferred embodiment of ^{R i1} described above.

X ⁱ¹ to X ⁱ⁵ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine ^{atom, never X i1} and ^{X i2} represents both fluorine ^{atoms, X i3} and ^{X i4} never both represent fluorine atom .. As a result, the dielectric anisotropy (Δε) of the liquid crystal compound represented by the general formula (i) tends to be 0 or more.

^mi1 represents 1 or 2, and 1 is preferable. When ^mi1 is 1 or 2, the compound represented by the general formula (i) corresponds to a liquid crystal compound having 3 to 4 rings and exhibits high compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds.

In the compound represented by the general formula (i) according to the present invention, at least one or two or more of ^{X i1 to} X ⁱ⁵ are fluorine atoms, or at least one or two or more hydrogen atoms in ^{A i1 are present.} It is substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group. That is, in one molecule of the compound represented by the general formula (i) in the present invention, the divalent cyclic group ^Ai1 and the two benzene rings have an electron-withdrawing group represented by a fluorine atom, a halogen atom or a cyano group. 1 or 2 or more. As a result, the compound represented by the general formula (i) tends to exhibit positive dielectric anisotropy, and it is preferable to introduce a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom into the lateral position of the ring structure because the compatibility is improved.
Is a ring structure in one molecule of the compound represented by formula (i) in the present invention, m ⁱ¹ amino A ⁱ¹ and two benzene rings preferably have one to five fluorine atoms in total, 1 It is more preferable to have up to four.
Is a ring structure of the compound in one molecule represented by the general formula (i) in the present invention, in m ⁱ¹ amino A ⁱ¹ total, preferably has 1 to 3 halogen atoms (other than fluorine atom), 1 It is more preferable to have two.
Is a ring structure of the compound in one molecule represented by the general formula (i) in the present invention, m ⁱ¹ amino A ⁱ¹ and two benzene rings in total, to chromatic 1-5 halogen atoms (including a fluorine atom) It is preferable to have 1 to 4 of them.
Is a ring structure of the compound in one molecule represented by the general formula (i) in the present invention, m ⁱ¹ amino A ⁱ¹ in total, preferably has 1 to 3 cyano groups, have 1-2 More preferred.

In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the dielectric anisotropy (Δε) of the compound represented by the general formula (i) is preferably 0 to 50, more preferably 3 to 50, and 4 to 40. It is more preferably 50. When the dielectric anisotropy is in the range of 4 to 50, Δε of the composition using the compound shows a large value, so that the driving voltage can be lowered, which is preferable.

The refractive index anisotropy (Δn) of the compound represented by the general formula (i) is preferably 0.10 to 0.55, more preferably 0.15 to 0.50, and 0.20. It is more preferably ~ 0.45. When the refractive index anisotropy is in the range of 0.20 to 0.45, Δn of the composition using the compound shows a relatively high value, which is preferable as a liquid crystal display for high frequency applications.

In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the compound represented by the general formula (i) may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The types of compounds that can be combined are not particularly limited, but they are appropriately combined and used according to desired performance such as dielectric anisotropy, solubility at room temperature, transition temperature, and birefringence. The type of liquid crystal compound used is, for example, one type as one embodiment of the present invention. Alternatively, in another embodiment of the present invention, there are two types, three types, four types, five types, six types, seven types, eight types, nine types, and ten. More than a kind. Further, the compound represented by the general formula (i) is preferably a compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity, that is, a liquid crystal compound, and more preferably a nematic liquid crystal compound.

The lower limit value (mass%) of the preferable content of the compound represented by the general formula (i) with respect to the total amount of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%, and 5%. 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%, 30%, 40%, It is 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, and 70%. Further, since a large content causes problems such as precipitation, the upper limit of the preferable content is 70%, 65%, 55%, 45%, 35%, and 30%. Yes, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, 5% be.
Further, since a large content causes problems such as precipitation, the upper limit value (mass%) of the preferable content is 70%, 65%, 55%, 45%, and 35%. , 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%. It is 5%.

One of the preferred forms of the compound represented by the general formula (i) of the present invention is that in the above general formula (i), R ⁱ¹ has 1 to 8 carbon atoms and is a linear alkyl group. , An alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, or an alkenyloxy group, A ⁱ¹ is the above formula (a1) to (a3), (a19) or (a24), and Z ⁱ¹ and Z ⁱ² are independent of each other. single bond, -COO-, or a -C≡C-, and is any ^{Z i1} or ^{Z i2} is ^{-C≡C-, m i1} is a compound representing one. The preferable content of the compound represented by the general formula (i) is preferably 10 to 70% by mass and 15 to 67% by mass with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition (100% by mass). Is more preferable, and 20 to 65% by mass is particularly preferable.

The compound represented by the general formula (i) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (i-1).

The compound represented by the general formula (i-1) has a relatively high Δn and good compatibility. Thereby, a stable liquid crystal composition can be obtained at room temperature.

In the general formula ^{(i1), R i1, Y} i1 and ^{A i1} are the same as ^{R i1, Y i1} and ^{A i1} in the general formula (i), the description is omitted here.

In the general formula ^{(i1), X} i1 ~X ⁱ⁷ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine ^{atom, never X i1} and ^{X i2} represents both fluorine ^{atoms, X i3} and ^{X i4} There never both represent fluorine atoms, it is preferably X ⁱ⁶ and X ⁱ⁷ never both represent fluorine atoms. As a result, the dielectric anisotropy (Δε) of the liquid crystal compound represented by the general formula (i-1) is likely to be 0 or more.

In the general formula ^{(i-1), Z} i3 _{is, -OCH 2 -, - CH 2} O -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C 4 H 8 -, - COO -, - OCO -, - CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- , -C≡C- or a single bond is preferable, and -C≡C- or a single bond is used. More preferred.

In the above general formula (i-1), Z ⁱ⁴ preferably represents a single bond or −C≡C−.

^Further, at least one of ^{Z i4} and ^{m i2} amino ^{Z i3} is preferably to represent -C≡C-. Therefore, similarly to the above general formula (i), it is preferable that the compound represented by the general formula (i-1) also has at least one −C≡C− in its structure. Independently, Z ⁱ³ and Z ⁱ⁴ are preferably single-bonded when the stability of the liquid crystal composition is important, and −C≡C− is preferable when Δn is important.

In the above general formula (i-1), ^mi2 preferably represents 0 or 1.

In the compound represented by the general formula (i-1) according to the present invention, ^{at least one of X i1 to} X ⁱ⁷ is a fluorine atom, or ^{at least one hydrogen atom in A i1} is substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group. ing. That is, in one molecule of the compound represented by the general formula (i-1) in the present invention, the divalent cyclic group ^Ai1 and the three benzene rings have electrons represented by a fluorine atom, a halogen atom or a cyano group. It has a total of 1 or 2 or more suction groups. As a result, the compound represented by the general formula (i-1) is more likely to exhibit positive dielectric anisotropy, and when a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom is introduced into the lateral position of the ring structure, the compatibility is improved. Therefore, it is preferable. By using the compound represented by the general formula (i-1), it becomes easy to secure the stability at room temperature.
Is a ring structure in one molecule of the compound represented by the general formula (i1) in the present invention, m ⁱ² amino A ⁱ¹ and three benzene ring preferably has one to five fluorine atoms in total , 1 to 4 are more preferable.
Is a ring structure of the compound in one molecule represented by the general formula (i1) in the present invention, in m ⁱ² amino A ⁱ¹ total, preferably has 1 to 3 halogen atoms (other than fluorine atom), It is more preferable to have one or two.
The ring structure in one molecule of the compound represented by the general formula (i-1) in the present invention, ^mi 2 A ⁱ¹ and 3 benzene rings, contains 1 to 5 halogen atoms (including fluorine atoms) in total. It is preferable to have one, and it is more preferable to have one to four.
Is a ring structure of the compound in one molecule represented by the general formula (i1) in the present ^{invention, m i2} amino ^{A i1} in total, preferably has 1 to 3 cyano groups, 1 or 2 Yes Is more preferable.

In the present invention, preferred forms of the general formula (i) include compounds represented by the following general formulas (i-1-a) to (i-1-d).

In the above general formulas (i-1-a) to (i-1-d), ^Ria1 has an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Represents an alkoxy group or an alkenyloxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and rings X and ring Y independently represent divalent cyclic groups represented by the above formulas (a1) to (a25). , X ⁱ² , X ⁱ⁴ and X ⁱ⁵ independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and ^Yia1 is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and the number of carbon atoms. Represents an alkoxy group of 1 to 8, an alkenyloxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, -OCF ₃ , or -CF _3.
In the general formulas (i-1-a) to (i-1-d), the rings X and Y are independently based on the above (a1) to (a3), (a19) and (a24). preferable.
In the above general formulas (i-1-a) to (i-1-d), ^Ria1 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of reliability. In the above general formulas (i-1-a) to (i-1-d), ^Yia1 is a fluorine atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and 1 carbon atom from the viewpoint of reliability. Alkoxy groups of ~ 8 are preferred. Of the above compounds, (i-1-a), (i-1-b), and (i-1-c) are preferable.

As a specific structure of the general formula (i) according to the present invention, a tricyclic or four-ring liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formulas (i.1) to (i.30) is preferable. In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the compounds represented by the general formulas (i.1) to (i.30) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

In the above general formulas (i.1) to (i.30), R ⁱ¹ is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Alternatively, it preferably represents an alkenyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and ^Yia1 is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the like. It preferably represents an alkoxyoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -OCF ₃ , or -CF ₃ .
Among the compounds represented by the general formulas (i.1) to (i.30), (i.7) to (i.28) are preferable.
In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the preferable content of the general formula (i) is applied to the content of each of the compounds of the above general formulas (i.1) to (i.30) in the entire liquid crystal composition. can do.

Preferred forms of the liquid crystal compound represented by the general formula (i-1) include the following structural formulas (i-1.1) to (i-1.20).

Among the compounds represented by the above structural formulas (i-1.1) to (i-1.20), (i-1.2) to (i-1.5), (i-1.7) to (I-1.10), (i-1.12) to (i-1.14), (i-1.17) to (i-1.20) are preferable.
In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the content of each of the compounds of the above general formulas (i-1.1) to (i-1.20) in the entire liquid crystal composition is preferably the general formula (i). The content can be applied.

The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention contains one or more of the compounds represented by the general formula (ii). The compound represented by the general formula (ii) is as follows.

The compound represented by the general formula (ii) has a high Δn. It has excellent compatibility with the compound represented by the general formula (i) described above, and by combining the compound represented by the general formula (i) and the compound represented by the general formula (ii), it has a high Δn and at room temperature. It is possible to provide a liquid crystal composition having excellent storage stability.

In the above general formula (ii), R ⁱⁱ¹ and R ⁱⁱ² each independently represent a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and one of the alkyl groups or a non-alkyl group. Two or more adjacent −CH ₂ −s may be independently substituted with −CH = CH−, −C≡C−, −O−, −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−, respectively. in ^addition, one or more hydrogen atoms present in ^{R ii1} and ^{R ii2} may be substituted with a fluorine atom independently ^{but, R ii1} and ^{R ii2} both fluorine atom, a chlorine atom And does not represent a substituent selected from the cyano group.

In the general formula (ii), R ⁱⁱ¹ has an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. The group is preferable, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable. An alkyl group having 1 to 5 or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms is further preferable.

^Rii1 is preferably an alkyl group when reliability is important, and is preferably an alkenyl group when a decrease in viscosity is important.

When ^{the ring structure to which R ii1} is bonded is a phenyl group (aromatic), a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the like. An alkoxy group having 4 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable, and ^{when the ring structure to which Rii1} is bonded is a saturated ring structure such as cyclohexane, pyran and dioxane, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, Alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 linear carbon atoms and alkenyl groups having 2 to 5 linear carbon atoms are preferable. In ^{order to stabilize the nematic phase, Rii1} preferably has a total of 5 or less carbon atoms and oxygen atoms when present, and is preferably linear.
Here, the alkenyl group is preferably selected from the groups represented by any of the above formulas (R1) to (R5).

When the compound represented by the general formula (ii) is a so-called p-type compound in which Δε is positive, ^{R ii2 is preferably a fluorine atom, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group.} , Fluorine atom or cyano group is preferred.
Compound represented by the general formula (ii) is, in the case of so-called nonpolar type compound of Δε approximately ^{0, R ii2 is} the same meaning as ^{R ii1, R ii2} and ^{R ii1} it is a same However, they may be different.

In the general formula ^{(ii), Z ii1, Z} ii2 and ^{Z ii3} are each independently a single _{bond, -OCH 2 -, - CH 2} O -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C 4 H 8 - , -COO-, -OCO-, -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- or -C≡C-.
^{When a plurality of Z ii1} , Z ^{ii 2} and / or Z ^{ii 3} are present in the above general formula (ii), they may be the same or different.
Here, Z ^{ii1 to} Z ⁱⁱ³ are preferably single bonds.

In the general formula ^{(ii), A ii1, A} ii2, A ii3, A ii4 and ^{A II5} each independently represent a group selected from the group consisting of the following groups (a) ~ group (c).
(A) 1,4-Cyclohexylene group (one −CH ₂ − present in this group or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ − may be replaced with −O−).
(B) 1,4-Phenylene group (one -CH = existing in this group or two or more non-adjacent -CH = may be replaced with -N =).
(C) Naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group or decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group (naphthalene-2,6-diyl group or One −CH = or two or more non-adjacent −CH = present in the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group may be substituted with −N =. .)
The hydrogen atom in the above group (a), group (b) and group (c) may be independently substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group, respectively.
^{When a plurality of A ii1} , A ^{ii 3} and / or A ^{ii 5} are present in the above general formula (ii), they may be the same or different.

A ^{ii1 to} A ⁱⁱ⁵ are preferably aromatic when it is required to increase Δn independently, and are preferably aliphatic in order to improve the response rate, and are independent of each other. Trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-phenylene group, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 3,5-difluoro-1,4 -Phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexenylene group, 1,4-bicyclo [2.2.2] octylene group, piperidine-1,4-diyl group, naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, decahydronaphthalene- It preferably represents a 2,6-diyl group or a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group and has the following structure:

を表すことがより好ましく、１個又は２個以上の水素原子がフッ素原子により置換されていてもよい１，４−フェニレン基であることが特に好ましい。

It is more preferable to represent 1,4-phenylene group in which one or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom.

In the general formula ^{(ii), X ii1} and ^{X ii2} each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom.
Here, ^{it is preferable that at least one of X ii1} and X ⁱⁱ² is a fluorine atom, and it is preferable that both of them are fluorine atoms.

In the general formula ^{(ii), m ii1, m} ii2 and ^{m ii3} each independently represent 0 or ^{1, m ii1 + m ii2 +} m ii3 represents 0 or 1.
Here, m ^ii1, 0 is preferable in the case of emphasizing solubility in the liquid crystal composition is preferably 1 in the case of emphasizing Δn and Tni.
^{Further, m ii1 + m ii2 + m} ii3 is preferably 0.

As the compound represented by the general formula (ii), each compound represented by the following general formulas (ii-1) to (ii-18) is preferable.

The general formula (ii1) ~ the general formula ^{(ii-18), R ii1} and ^{R ii2} represent the same meaning as ^{R ii1} and ^{R ii2} independently in formula (ii).

Among the compounds represented by the general formulas (ii-1) to (ii-18), the general formulas (ii-1) to (ii-10) and the general formulas (iii-15) to the general formula (iii). -18) is preferable.

Preferred forms of the compound represented by the general formula (ii) include compounds represented by the following structural formulas (ii.1) to (ii.56).

Among the compounds represented by the above structural formulas (ii.1) to (ii.56), (iii.2) to (ii.8), (ii.12) to (ii.18), (ii.22). )-(Ii.28), (ii.32)-(ii.38), (ii.41)-(ii.56) are preferable.

In the liquid crystal composition of the present invention, when the content of the compound represented by the general formula (ii) is small, the effect is small. Therefore, the lower limit of the preferable content in the composition is 1% by mass and 2% by mass. %, 5% by mass, 7% by mass, 9% by mass, 10% by mass, 12% by mass, 15% by mass, 17% by mass, and 20% by mass. be. Further, since a large content causes problems such as precipitation, the upper limit of the preferable content is 50% by mass, 40% by mass, 30% by mass, 25% by mass, and 20% by mass. It is 18% by mass, 15% by mass, 13% by mass, and 10% by mass.

The above is a description of the compounds represented by the general formula (i) and the general formula (ii), which are essential components of the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention. The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention is represented by the compounds represented by the general formulas (1a) to (1c), the compounds represented by the general formulas (2a) to (2c), and the general formula (iii) as optional components. It may contain one or more selected from the group consisting of the following compounds. Hereinafter, optional components of the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention will be described.

The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention preferably further contains one or more compounds represented by the following general formulas (1a) to (1c).

In the above general formulas (1a) to (1c),
R ¹¹ , R ¹² and R ¹³ each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and one methylene group or one methylene group present in these groups. Two or more methylene groups that are not adjacent to each other may be substituted with -O- or -S-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in these groups may be a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom. May be replaced with a chlorine atom,
M ¹¹ , M ¹² , M ¹³ , M ¹⁴ , M ¹⁵ , and M ¹⁶ independently represent any one of the following groups (a), groups (b), or groups (d), respectively.
(A) Trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group (one methylene group present in this group or two or more methylene groups not adjacent to each other is replaced with -O- or -S-. May be good),
(B) 1,4-Phenylene group (one -CH = existing in this group or two or more -CH = not adjacent to each other may be replaced with -N =), 3- Fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, or 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene group, and (d) 1,4-cyclohexenylene group, 1,4-bicyclo [2.2.2] octylene group , Piperidine-2,5-diyl group, naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, or decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group,
The hydrogen atom contained in the above group (a), group (b) or group (d) may be substituted with a cyano group, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group, respectively.
^{L 11, L 12, L 13} , L 14, L 15 and ^{L 16} are each independently a single _{bond, -COO -, - OCO -,} - CH 2 CH 2 -, - (CH 2) 4 -, -OCH _2- , -CH ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -N = N-, -CF ₂ O- or -C≡C-
p, q, and s independently represent 0, 1 or 2, respectively.
If there are multiple M ¹² , M ¹⁴ , M ¹⁶ , L ¹¹ , L ¹³ and / or L ¹⁵ , they may be the same or different.
X ¹¹ , X ¹² , X ¹³ , X ¹⁴ , X ¹⁵ , X ¹⁶ and X ¹⁷ , respectively, independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom.
Y ¹¹ , Y ¹² and Y ¹³ independently have a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group (-CN), a thiocyanato group (-SCN), a cyanato group (-OCN), -C≡C-CN, and a bird. Represents a fluoromethoxy group, a trifluoromethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, a difluoromethoxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and these. One methylene group present in a group or two or more methylene groups not adjacent to each other may be substituted with -O- or -S-, and one present in these groups. Alternatively, two or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced with a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.
However, from the compounds represented by the general formula (1a), the compounds represented by the general formula (i) are excluded, and from the compounds represented by the general formulas (1a), (1b) and (1c), The compounds represented by the above general formula (ii) are excluded.

The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention preferably contains at least one or two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the general formulas (1a) to (1c), and 2 to 8 kinds. It is particularly preferable to contain it. In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the content of at least one or two or more liquid crystal compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the general formulas (1a) to (1c) (entire liquid crystal composition). The lower limit of 100% by mass) is preferably 1% by mass, more preferably 3% by mass, and even more preferably 5% by mass. Further, in the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the content of at least one or two or more liquid crystal compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the general formulas (1a) to (1c) (liquid crystal composition). The upper limit of 100% by mass of the whole product is preferably 60% by mass, preferably 50% by mass, preferably 40% by mass, and even more preferably 30% by mass.

The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention more preferably contains at least one compound or two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the general formula (1a) or (1b), and the general formula (1a). ), It is more preferable to contain at least one compound or two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by).

The lower limit of the preferable content (mass%) of the compound represented by the formula (1a) with respect to the total amount of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5%. %, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. If the content (% by mass) of the compound of the general formula (1a) in the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is large, problems such as precipitation may occur. Therefore, the upper limit of the preferable content is 35% or 30%. It is 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, and 3%.

As a preferable form of the compound of the general formula (1a), each compound represented by the following general formulas (1a.1) to (1a.28) is preferable.

In the above general formulas (1a.1) to (1a.28), R ^11a has an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and 2 carbon atoms. Represents ~ 12 alkenyloxy groups. R ^11c has a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Represents an oxy group
X ^{11a to} X ^11h independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, respectively.
^{Z 11a,} Z 11b, Z ^11c and ^{Z 11d} are each _{independently, -OCH 2 -, - CH 2} O -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C 4 H 8 -, - COO -, - OCO- , -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- , -C≡C- or a single bond.

Among the compounds represented by the general formulas (1a.1) to (1a.28), (1a.1) to (1a.24) and (1a.26) are preferable.

Specific examples of the compound of the general formula (1a) include compounds represented by the following structural formulas (1a.11.1) to (1a.28.10).

Among the compounds represented by the above structural formulas (1a.11.1) to (1a.28.10), (1a.11.2) to (1a.11.5), (1a.18.2) to (1a.18.5), (1a.24.12) to (1a.24.15), (1a.28.2) to (1a.28.5), (1a.28.7) to (1a) .28.10) is preferable.

The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention preferably further contains one or more compounds represented by the following general formulas (2a) to (2c).

In the above general formulas (2a) to (2c),
R ^2a and R ^2b each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which may be linear or have a methyl or ethyl branch, and may have a 3- to 6-membered ring. _{Any −CH 2} − present in the group may have a cyclic structure of −O−, −CH = CH−, −CH = CF−, −CF = CH−, −CF = CF. -Or -C≡C- may be substituted, and any hydrogen atom existing in the group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group.
Rings A, B, C and D are independently trans-1,4-cyclohexylene groups, transdecahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl groups, and 1 to 2 fluorine atoms. Alternatively, it may be substituted with a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with a methyl group, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, and one or two fluorine atoms. A tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group may be substituted, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms, a 1,3-dioxane-trans-2,5-diyl group. , Pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group or pyridine-2,5-diyl group,
L ^2a , L ^2b and L ^2c are independent linking groups, respectively, and have a single bond, an ethylene group (-CH ₂ CH ₂ −), a 1,2-propylene group (-CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ − and -CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ )-), 1,4-butylene group, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ O-, -CH = CH-, -CH = CF-,- It represents CF = CH−, −CF = CF−, −C≡C− or −CH = NN = CH−.

The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention preferably contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the general formulas (2a) to (2c), and preferably contains 2 to 8 kinds. Especially preferable. In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the content of at least one or two or more liquid crystal compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the general formulas (2a) to (2c) (entire liquid crystal composition). The lower limit of 100% by mass) is preferably 0% by mass, more preferably 3% by mass, and even more preferably 5% by mass. In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the content of at least one or two or more liquid crystal compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the general formulas (2a) to (2c) (entire liquid crystal composition). The upper limit of 100% by mass) is preferably 50% by mass, preferably 45% by mass, preferably 38% by mass, and even more preferably 25% by mass.

The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention more preferably contains at least one compound or two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the general formula (2a) or (2b), and the general formula (2a). It is more preferable to contain one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by).

The lower limit of the preferable content (mass%) of the compound represented by the formula (2a) with respect to the total amount of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is 0%, 0.5%, and 1%. , 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%. If the content (% by mass) of the compound of the general formula (2a) in the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is large, problems such as precipitation may occur. Therefore, the upper limit of the preferable content is 45% or 35%. It is 25%, 15%, 10%, 8%, and 5%.

Preferred forms of the compound of the general formula (2a) include the compounds of the following general formulas (2a-1) to (2a-28).

In the above general formulas (2a-1) to (2a-28), R ^2a and R ^2b independently have an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a carbon atom. Representing an alkoxy group having the number 2 to 8 or an alkoxyoxy group having the number of carbon atoms 2 to 8, rings E, ring F, ring G and ring H are independently represented by the above-mentioned formulas (a1) to (a25). Represents any one.

Among the compounds of the general formulas (2a-1) to (2a-28), (2a-1) to (2a-3), (2a-5), (2a-8) to (2a-10), ( 2a-12) is preferable.

Specific examples of the compound of the general formula (2a) according to the present invention include, for example, the following structural formulas (2a-5.1) to (2a-5.13) and (2a-12.1) to (2a-). Examples thereof include the compound represented by 12.6).

Among the compounds represented by the above structural formulas (2a-5.1) to (2a-5.13) and (2a-12.1) to (2a-12.6), (2a-5.2) to (2a-5.5), (2a-5.11) to (2a-5.13), (2a-12.1) to (2a-12.4) are preferable.

The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention preferably further contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the general formula (iii).

In the above general formula (iii),
^Riii1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group or halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and a halogenated alkylene containing one methylene group or a secondary carbon atom present in these groups. The groups may be substituted with -O-, -CH = CH-, or -C≡C- so that the oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent.
^miii1 represents an integer of 0, 1 or 2.
A ^{iii1 to} A ⁱⁱⁱ³ independently represent any one of the following groups (a) to (c).
(A) Trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group (one methylene group present in this group or two or more methylene groups not adjacent to each other is replaced with -O- or -S-. May be),
(B) 1,4-Phenylene group (one -CH = existing in this group or two or more -CH = not adjacent to each other may be replaced with -N =),.
(C) Naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group or decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group (naphthalene-2,6-diyl group or One -CH = or two or more non-adjacent -CH = present in the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group may be replaced with -N =. .)
The hydrogen atom in the groups (a) to (c) may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a linear or branched alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
Z ⁱⁱⁱ¹ and Z ⁱⁱⁱ² are independently single-bonded, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, or -C (R ⁱⁱⁱ ) = N-N = C (R ^iiib ). In this case, R ⁱⁱⁱ and R ^iiib independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a linear or branched alkyl group or halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
When ^miii1 is 2, a plurality of ^Aiii1 and ^Ziii1 may be the same or different from each other.

In the above general formula (iii), ^Riii1 preferably represents a linear alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, and is a methylene group or a secondary group present in these groups. The halogenated alkylene group containing one carbon atom may be substituted with -O-, -CH = CH-, or -C≡C- so that the oxygen atom is not directly adjacent to the group.

In the above general formula (iii), ^{Aiii1 to Aiii3} are independently substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a linear alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Also, a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group is preferable. ^Further, A as the ^{III1 to A III3,} the formula (a1) exemplified for ^{A i1} of the general formula (i) ~ (a25) bivalent cyclic group represented by may be mentioned as well, specifically, , A ^{iii1 to} A ⁱⁱⁱ³ are independent of each other, and the above formulas (a1) to (a3), (a5) to (a6), (a9) to (a10), (a12) to (a25) are preferable. a1) to (a3) and (a12) to (a25) are more preferable, and (a1) to (a3) and (a12) to (a18) are even more preferable.

In the above general formula (iii), Z ⁱⁱⁱ¹ and Z ⁱⁱⁱ² are independently single-bonded, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, or -C (R ⁱⁱⁱ ) = N. It is preferable to represent −N = C ( ^{Riiib) −.}
Here, it is preferable that R ⁱⁱⁱ and R ^iiib independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a linear alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
In the general formula ^{(iii), Z III1} and ^{Z III2} are each independently a single bond or -C≡C- is more preferred. Further, it is more preferable to have at least one −C≡C− in one molecule of the compound represented by the general formula (iii). That is, in the general formula ^(iii), it is preferable to represent at least one of ^{Z III1} present ^{Z III2} and 0 to 2 -C≡C-.

In the above general formula (iii), ^miiii1 preferably represents an integer of 0, 1 or 2. When ^miii1 is 2, a plurality of ^Aiii1 and ^Ziii1 may be the same or different from each other.

The lower limit of the preferable content (% by mass) of the compound represented by the general formula (iii) with respect to the total amount of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is 1.7% by mass, 2% by mass, and 4 It is mass%, 4.3 mass%, 5 mass%, 5.7 mass%, and 6 mass%. If the content (% by mass) of the compound of the general formula (iii) in the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is large, problems such as precipitation may occur. Therefore, the upper limit of the preferable content is 23% by mass, which is 20% by mass. It is 18% by mass, 14% by mass, 13% by mass, 10% by mass, 8% by mass, and 5% by mass. Further, in the liquid crystal composition of the present invention, the preferable content of the compound represented by the general formula (iii) is 2 to 20% by mass, more preferably 4 to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 6 to 12%. It is mass%.

Specific examples of the structure of the general formula (iii) include compounds represented by the following general formulas (iii.1) to (iii.6).

In the general formula ^{(iii.1) ~ (iii.6),} R 35 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or alkenyl having 2 to 8 carbon atoms ^{Representing a} group, R ³⁶ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and X iii1 to X ^{iii 6} independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a fluorine atom. Represents a chlorine atom.

Of the structures formed by the combination of choices in the general formulas (i) to (iii), the general formulas (1a) to (1c), and the general formulas (2a) to (2c), -CH = CH-CH = CH-, -C≡C-C≡C- and -CH = CH-C≡C- are not preferable due to their chemical stability. Further, it is also not preferable that the hydrogen atom in these structures is replaced with the fluorine atom. Further, it is also not preferable to have a structure in which oxygen atoms are bonded to each other, a structure in which sulfur atoms are bonded to each other, and a structure in which sulfur atoms and oxygen atoms are bonded to each other. Further, a structure in which nitrogen atoms are bonded to each other, a structure in which a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom are bonded, and a structure in which a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom are bonded are also not preferable.

In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the total amount (% by mass) of the compounds represented by the general formulas (i) to (ii) is preferably 20 to 93%, preferably 30 to 80% with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition. %, Preferably 40-70%.
In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the total amount (% by mass) of the compounds represented by the general formulas (i) to (iii) is preferably 30 to 95% with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition, and is preferably 35 to 85. %, Preferably 45-77%.

In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the total amount (% by mass) of the compounds represented by the general formulas (i) to (ii) and the general formula (1a) is 30 to 95% with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition. Is preferable, 35 to 85% is preferable, and 45 to 75% is preferable.
In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the total amount (% by mass) of the compounds represented by the general formulas (i) to (ii) and the general formula (2a) is 30 to 95% with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition. Is preferable, 35 to 85% is preferable, and 45 to 75% is preferable.
In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the total amount (% by mass) of the compounds represented by the general formulas (i) to (ii) and the general formula (2b) is 30 to 95% with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition. Is preferable, 35 to 85% is preferable, and 45 to 75% is preferable.
In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the total amount (% by mass) of the compounds represented by the general formulas (i) to (ii) and the general formula (2c) is 30 to 95% with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition. Is preferable, 35 to 85% is preferable, and 45 to 75% is preferable.

In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the total amount (% by mass) of the compounds represented by the general formulas (i) to (iii) and the general formula (1a) is 40 to 97% with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition. It is preferably 45 to 90%, preferably 50 to 85%.
In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the total amount (% by mass) of the compounds represented by the general formulas (i) to (iii) and the general formula (2a) is 40 to 97% with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition. It is preferably 45 to 90%, preferably 50 to 85%.
In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the total amount (mass%) of the compounds represented by the general formulas (i) to (iii) and the general formula (2b) is 40 to 97% with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition. It is preferably 45 to 90%, preferably 50 to 85%.
In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the total amount (mass%) of the compounds represented by the general formulas (i) to (iii) and the general formula (2c) is 40 to 97% with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition. It is preferably 45 to 90%, preferably 50 to 85%.

In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the total amount (% by mass) of the compounds represented by the general formulas (i) to (ii), the compounds represented by the general formula (1a) and the compounds represented by the general formula (2a) is. It is preferably 40 to 97%, preferably 45 to 90%, and preferably 50 to 85% with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition.
In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the total amount (mass) of the compounds represented by the general formulas (i) to (ii), the compounds represented by the general formulas (1a), and the compounds represented by the general formulas (2a) to (2b). %) Is preferably 40 to 97%, preferably 45 to 90%, and preferably 50 to 85% with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition.
In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the total amount (mass) of the compounds represented by the general formulas (i) to (ii), the compounds represented by the general formulas (1a), and the compounds represented by the general formulas (2a) to (2c). %) Is preferably 40 to 97%, preferably 45 to 90%, and preferably 50 to 85% with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition.
In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, the total amount (mass) of the compounds represented by the general formulas (i) to (iii), the compounds represented by the general formulas (1a), and the compounds represented by the general formulas (2a) to (2c). %) Is preferably 43 to 100%, preferably 48 to 93%, and preferably 53 to 88% with respect to the entire liquid crystal composition.

In addition to the above liquid crystal compounds, the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention may appropriately contain additives such as known stabilizers, known polymerizable liquid crystal compounds or polymer compounds, depending on the mode of use.
Examples of the stabilizer include hydroquinones, hydroquinone monoalkyl ethers, tertiary butylcatechols, pyrogallols, thiophenols, nitro compounds, β-naphthylamines, β-naphthols, nitroso compounds and hindered. Examples thereof include phenols and hindered amines. When a stabilizer is used, the amount added is preferably in the range of 0.005 to 1% by mass, more preferably 0.02 to 0.5% by mass, and 0.03 to 0.1% by mass with respect to the liquid crystal composition. % Is particularly preferable.

The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention has a wide liquid crystal phase temperature range (absolute value of the difference between the liquid crystal phase lower limit temperature and the liquid crystal phase upper limit temperature), but the liquid crystal phase temperature range is preferably 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 130 ° C. The above is more preferable. The liquid crystal phase upper limit temperature _{(T NI (℃))} is preferably from 80 to 180 ° C., preferably from 95 to 175 ° C., preferably from 110 to 170 ° C.. Further, the lower limit temperature of the liquid crystal phase (T _{→ N} (° C.)) is preferably 10 ° C. or lower, more preferably 0 ° C. to −60 ° C., and even more preferably −30 ° C. to −50 ° C.

The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention preferably has a viscosity (η) at 20 ° C. of 10 to 100 mPa · s, preferably 10 to 90 mPa · s, and preferably 10 to 80 mPa · s. It is preferably 10 to 70 mPa · s, preferably 10 to 60 mPa · s, more preferably 10 to 50 mPa · s, preferably 10 to 40 mPa · s, and preferably 10 to 30 mPa · s. Is particularly preferable.

The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention preferably has Δn (refractive index anisotropy) of 0.3 or more, preferably 0.31 to 0.45 at 589.0 nm. Δn in the visible light region correlates with Δε in the several tens of GHz band, and the higher the Δn, the larger the change in the dielectric constant in the GHz band. Therefore, if Δn of the liquid crystal composition at 589.0 nm is 0.3 or more, the change in the dielectric constant in the GHz band can be made large, which is suitable as a liquid crystal composition for an antenna.
Here, the relationship of the equation: Δn = Re / d is established between the phase difference Re, the thickness d (cell gap) of the liquid crystal layer, and Δn, and in the present specification, the phase difference measuring device. From, Δn is obtained. More specifically, a sample of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is injected into a glass cell with a polyimide alignment film, and in-plane retardation (phase difference Re) at a measurement temperature of 25 ° C. and 589 nm is applied to the retardation film / optical material. Measure with the inspection device RETS-100 (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.). A glass cell having a cell gap of 3.0 μm between the glass substrates and the rubbing direction of the polyimide alignment film is parallel is used.
In addition, you may measure ne and no of the liquid crystal composition with an Abbe refractometer and calculate Δn.

Hereinafter, a liquid crystal element, a sensor, a liquid crystal lens, an optical communication device, and an antenna using the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention will be described.
The liquid crystal element according to the present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned liquid crystal composition is used, and is preferably driven by an active matrix method or a passive matrix method.
Further, the liquid crystal element according to the present invention is preferably a liquid crystal element that reversibly switches the dielectric constant by reversibly changing the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the above-mentioned liquid crystal composition.
The sensor according to the present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned liquid crystal composition is used, and as its embodiment, for example, a distance measuring sensor that uses electromagnetic waves, visible light, or infrared light, an infrared sensor that uses temperature changes, and cholesteric. A temperature sensor that uses changes in the reflected light wavelength due to changes in the pitch of the liquid crystal, a pressure sensor that uses changes in the reflected light wavelength, an ultraviolet sensor that uses changes in the reflected light wavelength due to changes in composition, and an electric sensor that uses temperature changes due to voltage and current. Radiation sensor that uses temperature change due to track of radiation particles, ultrasonic sensor that uses change in liquid crystal molecular arrangement due to mechanical vibration of ultrasonic waves, change in reflected light wavelength due to temperature change or change in liquid crystal molecular arrangement due to electric field Examples include an electromagnetic field sensor.
The range-finding sensor is preferably for LiDAR (Light Detection And Ringing) using a light source.
The LiDAR is preferably for artificial satellites, aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), automobiles, railways, and ships.
For automobiles, it is particularly preferable for self-driving cars.
The light source is preferably an LED or a laser, and is preferably a laser.
The light used for LiDAR is preferably infrared light, and the wavelength is preferably 800 to 2000 nm.
In particular, an infrared laser having a wavelength of 905 nm or 1550 nm is preferable.
A 905 nm infrared laser is preferable when the cost of the photodetector used and sensitivity in all weather are important, and a 1550 nm infrared laser is preferable when safety regarding human vision is important.
Further, since the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention exhibits high Δn, the liquid crystal lens according to the present invention can provide a sensor having a large phase modulation force in the visible light, infrared light and electromagnetic wave regions and excellent detection sensitivity. Is characterized by using the above-mentioned liquid crystal composition, for example, as one of the embodiments thereof, a first transparent electrode layer, a second transparent electrode layer, the first transparent electrode layer, and the first transparent electrode layer. A liquid crystal layer containing the above-mentioned liquid crystal composition provided between the transparent electrode layers 2, an insulating layer provided between the second transparent electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer, and the insulating layer and the liquid crystal layer. It has a high resistance layer provided between the two. The liquid crystal lens according to the present invention is used, for example, as a 2D / 3D switching lens, a lens for adjusting the focus of a camera, and the like.
The optical communication device according to the present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned liquid crystal composition is used, and for example, as one of the embodiments, a liquid crystal constituting each of a plurality of pixels is formed on a reflective layer (electrode). Examples thereof include LCOS (Liquid crystal on silicon) having a liquid crystal layer arranged in a two-dimensional manner. The optical communication device according to the present invention is used, for example, as a spatial phase modulator.

The antenna according to the present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned liquid crystal composition is used.
More specifically, the antenna according to the present invention includes a first substrate provided with a plurality of slots, a second substrate facing the first substrate and provided with a feeding portion, the first substrate, and the first substrate. A first dielectric layer provided between the two substrates, a plurality of patch electrodes arranged corresponding to the plurality of slots, a third substrate provided with the patch electrodes, and the first substrate. It has a liquid crystal layer provided between the third substrate, and the liquid crystal layer is one or more of the compounds represented by the general formula (i), and the general formula (ii). Contains one or more of the compounds represented by.

By using the liquid crystal layer containing the liquid crystal compounds represented by the general formulas (i) and (ii), the liquid crystal layer has a large dielectric anisotropy Δε and a high refractive index anisotropy Δn, and the nematic liquid crystal temperature range is set. It is possible to provide an antenna that is wide and stable at room temperature, and has high reliability against external stimuli such as heat. This makes it possible to provide an antenna capable of larger phase control for microwave or millimeter wave electromagnetic waves.

Hereinafter, the antenna according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, an antenna assembly 11 to which four antenna units 1 are connected is attached to a roof portion of a vehicle (automobile) 2. Since the antenna unit 1 is a planar antenna and is attached to the roof portion, the antenna unit 1 is always directed toward the communication satellite direction. This makes it possible to perform satellite communication that can be transmitted and received by both parties.

The term "antenna" as used herein includes an antenna unit 1 or an antenna assembly 11 in which a plurality of antenna units 1 are connected.

The antenna according to the present invention preferably operates at the Ka band frequency, the K band frequency, or the Ku band frequency used for satellite communication.

Next, FIG. 2 shows an example of an embodiment of the components of the antenna unit 1. FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the antenna unit 1 shown in FIG. Specifically, the antenna unit 1 seals a case 3 having a recess for accommodating the antenna main body 10, a control plate 4 for controlling the antenna main body 10, the antenna main body 10 and the control plate 4, and the case 3. It is configured to have an upper lid 5 for stopping.

The control plate 4 is provided with a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transmitter performs information from a signal source such as data such as voice or image by means of information source coding processing, for example, voice coding or image coding, error correction coding by transmission line coding processing, and then modulation. It has a mechanism to be transmitted as radio waves. On the other hand, the receiver is a mechanism that modulates the incoming radio wave, corrects an error by a transmission line decoding process, and then converts it into information such as voice or image data by, for example, voice decoding or image decoding by an information source decoding process. Has. Further, the control plate 4 is composed of a CPU, RAM, ROM and the like which are known microcomputers, and controls the operation of each part of the antenna main body 1, the transmitter and / or the receiver in a controlled manner. A predetermined process is executed by reading various programs stored in advance in the CPU or ROM included in the control plate 4 into the RAM and executing the programs. The control plate 4 is a storage unit that stores various setting information or control programs, various calculations related to the voltage amount and voltage direction applied to the liquid crystal layer in the antenna body 1, various calculations related to radio wave transmission, and / or radio wave reception. It has functions such as a calculation unit that executes various calculations in the above, a detection unit that detects received or transmitted radio waves, or detects a voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer.

In FIG. 2, a hexagonal prism-shaped case 3 and an upper lid 5 are described as an example of a case 3 capable of accommodating a disk-shaped antenna main body 1. However, the case 3 and the upper lid 5 are provided according to the shape of the antenna main body 1. , Cylindrical, octagonal column, triangular column, etc. can be appropriately changed to a known shape.

In order to explain the configuration of the antenna main body 10, the following will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 10. FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the components of the antenna body 10 in an exploded manner.

As shown in FIG. 3, the antenna main body 10 includes a slot array unit 6 and a patch array unit 7. A plurality of slots (notches) 8 are formed in the slot array portion 6 on the disk-shaped conductor P surface, and a feeding portion 12 is provided inside the central portion of the slot array portion 6. .. Further, in the patch array portion 7, as an example, a plurality of square patches 9 having a length L and a width W are formed on the disk body Q. The antenna main body 10 has a slot array portion 6 which is a disk-shaped conductor P in which a plurality of slots 8 are formed, and a disk-shaped patch array portion 7 in which a plurality of patches are formed, and the circle thereof. The patch array portion 7 and the slot array portion 6 are bonded to each other so that the patches 9 are arranged facing each other of the slots 8 formed on the surface of the plate-shaped conductor P.

The slot array portion 6 is an antenna portion that uses a notch portion (hereinafter, slot 8) vacant on the disk-shaped conductor Q surface as a radiating element (or incident element). The slot array unit 6 has a slot 8 and a feeding unit 12 provided at the center of the disk-shaped conductor Q. Generally, the slot array unit 6 has a mechanism for exciting directly at the tip of a transmission line or through a cavity provided on the back surface of the slot. The slot array unit 6 can be used for feeding power from an antenna using a main plate, a microstrip line, or the like to a patch antenna via a slot. In FIG. 3, the form of the radial line slot array is described as an example of the slot array unit 6, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to this.

A top view of the slot array unit 6 in FIG. 3 is shown in FIG. Hereinafter, the slot array unit 6 will be described with reference to FIG. The slot array unit 6 has a structure in which power is supplied by a coaxial line provided in the center thereof. Therefore, a feeding unit 12 is provided at the center of the slot array unit 6 shown in FIG. Further, in the slot array portion 6, a plurality of sets of slots 8 (hereinafter, referred to as “slot pairs”) are formed on the surface of the disk-shaped conductor P. The slot pair 8 has a structure in which two rectangular notches are arranged in a “C” shape. More specifically, the two rectangular parallelepiped slots 8 are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other, and one slot of the slot pair 8 is arranged so as to be separated from the other slot by 1/4 wavelength. This makes it possible to transmit and receive circularly polarized waves having different rotation directions depending on the azimuth angle of the antenna.

In this specification, two slots 8 are referred to as a slot pair 8, one slot 8 is simply referred to as a slot 8, and a slot and a slot pair are collectively referred to as a slot (pair) 8.

A plurality of slot pairs 8 are spirally formed from the center of the disk-shaped conductor substrate P toward the outside in the radial direction. The slot pair 8 is formed on the surface of the disk-shaped substrate so that the distance between the slot pairs 8 adjacent to each other along the spiral is constant. As a result, the phases can be aligned in front of the slot array portion 6 to strengthen the electromagnetic fields, and a pencil beam can be formed in front of the slot array portion 6.

Although an example of the shape of the slot 8 is shown as a rectangular parallelepiped shape in FIGS. 3 and 4, the shape of the slot 8 in the present invention is not limited to the rectangular parallelepiped, and is a known shape such as a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon. Can be adopted. Further, although FIGS. 3 and 4 show an aspect of a slot pair as an example of the slot 8, the slot 8 in the present invention is not limited to the slot pair. Further, although the arrangement of the slots 8 on the surface of the disk-shaped conductor substrate P is shown in a spiral shape, the arrangement of the slots 8 is not limited to the spiral shape, and the slots 8 are, for example, the figure described later. It may be arranged concentrically as shown in 8.

The feeding unit 12 in the present invention has a function of receiving an electromagnetic wave and / or radiating an electromagnetic wave. The feeding unit 12 in the present invention is a portion that captures radio waves by a radiation element or an incident element, patch 9, and transmits the generated high-frequency power to a receiver, or a radiation element and a feeder in order to supply the high-frequency power. As long as it is a connecting portion, there is no particular limitation, and a known feeding unit and feeding line can be used. In FIGS. 3 and 4, the coaxial feeding unit is shown as an example.

As shown in FIG. 3, the patch array portion 7 is a liquid crystal layer (shown) filled between a disk body Q having a plurality of rectangular patches 9 having a length L and a width W and a slot array portion 6. It is equipped with. The patch array unit 7 in the present embodiment is a so-called microstrip antenna configuration, and is a resonator whose length L resonates at a frequency corresponding to an integral multiple of 1/2 wavelength.

Note that FIG. 3 shows a square patch 9 having a length L and a width W as an example of the patch 9, but the shape of the patch 9 is not limited to a quadrangle, and the patch 9 is circular. May be. FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the circular patch 9 as another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a top view of the antenna body 10 in the present invention. More specifically, the antenna body 10 is viewed from the patch array unit 7, and the patch 9, the feeding unit 12, and the slot pair 8 are discs. It is the figure which projected perpendicular to the main surface of the body Q. Therefore, the patch 9, the feeding unit 12, and the slot pair 8 are indicated by broken lines. Further, when the shape of the patch 9 is circular, it can be operated in an electromagnetic field distribution _{generally called TM 11 mode.} As shown in FIG. 5, since the projection body of the patch 9 and the projection body of the slot pair 8 overlap each other, a disk is formed for each slot 8 formed on the surface of the disk-shaped conductor P. It is possible to understand the state in which the patches 9 provided on the body Q are arranged facing each other. By using the configuration in which each patch 9 is arranged correspondingly to each slot 8 in this way, power is supplied from slot 8 to patch 9 by an electromagnetic coupling power supply method, or from patch 9 to slot 8. It can propagate the incoming radio waves. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna capable of transmitting and / or receiving radio waves.

In general, there are two types of methods for supplying power to the radiating element (for example, patch 9) of the patch array unit 7 using a general transmission line such as a coaxial line or a planar transmission line, a direct connection power supply method and an electromagnetically coupled power supply method. It is roughly divided into. Therefore, as the power feeding method in the present invention, a direct power feeding method, which is a method of exciting the radiating element by directly connecting the transmission line to the patch 9 (radiating element), and a transmission line and a patch electrode (radiating element) are used. There are two methods, the electromagnetic coupling feeding method, which is a method of exciting a patch electrode (radiating element) by an electromagnetic field generated around a feeding line with an open end or a short circuit without direct connection. In the present invention, an aspect of the electromagnetically coupled power feeding system is shown.

In the present embodiment, since the feeding line by the (coaxial) feeding section 12 is open at the end, a current standing wave is generated in which the ending of the feeding line coincides with the node. As a result, a magnetic field surrounding the feeding line ((coaxial) feeding unit 12) is generated, and the magnetic field is incident on the slot 8 to excite the slot (pair) 8. Then, the patch 9 is excited by the magnetic field generated by the excitation of the slot (pair) 8 incident on the patch 9. Since the excitation intensity is maximized when the magnetic field incident on the slot 8 is maximum, the position where the magnetic field generated from the feed line ((coaxial) feed section 12) is maximum (current standing wave antinode) is reached. It is preferable to form slots (pairs) 8.

A preferred embodiment of the antenna according to the present invention is a configuration in which a radial slot line array and a patch antenna array are combined.

Next, an embodiment of the antenna main body 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 6, which is a cross-sectional view of the antenna main body 10 shown in FIG. Needless to say, FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the antenna.

As shown in FIG. 6, the antenna main body 10 has a disk-shaped second substrate 14 and a disk-shaped first board in which a plurality of slots (pairs) 8 are formed from the center toward the outside in the radial direction. The substrate 13 (corresponding to the disk-shaped conductor P; also referred to as a slot array substrate), the first dielectric layer 17 provided between the second substrate 14 and the first substrate 13, and the disk-shaped first. A feeding unit 12 provided in the center of the substrate 13 and the disk-shaped second substrate 14, a disk-shaped third substrate 15 (corresponding to the disk body Q, also referred to as a patch substrate), and a third. It has a patch 9 (radiating element or incident element) attached to the substrate 15 and a liquid crystal layer 16 provided between the third substrate 15 and the first substrate 13. Further, the feeding unit 12 is electrically connected to the transmitter and / or the receiver provided on the control board via the feeding line 12a. Then, each patch 9 corresponds to each slot pair 8.

Here, "(each) patch 9 corresponds to (each) slot pair 8" means that the patch 9 is perpendicular to the main surface of the second substrate 14 as described in FIG. 5 above. It means that the projected projection surface overlaps with the slot (pair) 8. In other words, it means that the projection surface obtained by vertically projecting the slot (pair) 8 onto the main surface of the third substrate 15 overlaps with the patch 9.

Further, the first substrate 13, the second substrate 14, and the third substrate 15 are preferably discs having the same area.

In FIG. 6, while the radio wave (arrow) fed by the (coaxial) feeding unit 12 becomes a cylindrical wave and propagates outward in the radial direction in the first dielectric layer 17, the liquid crystal layer is formed from the slot (pair) 8. It describes how it is transmitted to 16. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the slot (pair) 8 generates circularly polarized light when two so-called “C” -shaped orthogonal slots are arranged with a shift of 1/4 wavelength. Can be done. As described above, the magnetic field generated from the slot (pair) 8 by the excitation of the slot (pair) 8 is incident on the patch 9 by the electromagnetic coupling feeding method, and the patch 9 is excited. As a result, the patch 9 can emit radio waves with high directivity.

On the other hand, in the case of receiving the incoming radio wave, according to the theorem of reversible transmission / reception, after the patch 9 receives the incoming radio wave, the power feeding unit is passed through the slot (pair) 8 provided directly under the patch 9. The radio wave arriving at 12 is propagated.

Unlike linearly polarized waves, circularly polarized waves are radio waves whose electric field direction rotates with the passage of time. Right-handed circularly polarized waves used in GPS or ETC and left-handed circularly polarized waves used in satellite radio broadcasting and the like. The antenna according to the present invention can receive any polarized wave.

By applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 16 between the patch 9 and the first substrate 13, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 16 can be changed. As a result, since the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 16 changes, the capacitance of the slot (pair) 8 changes, and as a result, the reactance and the resonance frequency of the slot (pair) 8 can be controlled. In other words, since the reactance and resonance frequency of the slot 8 can be adjusted by controlling the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 16, the power supply to each patch 9 is controlled by adjusting the excitation of the slot (pair) 8 and the patch 9. be able to. This makes it possible to adjust the radiated radio waves via the liquid crystal layer 16. Therefore, for example, an applied voltage adjusting means for adjusting the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 16 such as a TFT may be provided. Further, the refractive index changes by changing the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 16, and as a result, the phase of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 16 shifts, and as a comprehensive result, phased array control becomes possible. ..
The materials of the first substrate 13 and the second substrate 14 are not particularly limited as long as they are conductors such as copper. The material of the third substrate 15 is not particularly limited, and known materials such as a glass substrate, an acrylic substrate, ceramic (alumina), silicon, and glass cloth Teflon (registered trademark) (PTFE) are known depending on the mode of use. Materials can be used. As the material of the first dielectric layer 17, a known material can be appropriately selected according to a desired relative permittivity, and a vacuum may be used. Further, the material of the patch 9 is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductor such as copper or silver.

Next, another embodiment of the antenna body 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 7. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the portion of the slot array portion 6 of the antenna main body 10 is different from the embodiment shown in FIG.

In FIG. 7, the antenna main body 10 is a circle housed inside a hollow first substrate 13 having a plurality of slots (pairs) 8 formed on one surface thereof and the first substrate 13 of the hollow body. The plate-shaped second substrate 14, the first dielectric layer 17, and the feeding portion 12, the disk-shaped third substrate 15, the patch 9 attached to the third substrate 15, the third substrate 15, and the first The power feeding unit 12 has a liquid crystal layer 16 provided between the substrates 13, and the feeding portion 12 is formed between the surface of the other first substrate 13 and the second substrate 14 on which the plurality of slots (pairs) 8 are not formed. It is provided and is provided at the center of the first substrate 13 and the disk-shaped second substrate 14. Further, the feeding unit 12 is electrically connected to the transmitter and / or the receiver provided on the control board via the feeding line 12a. Then, each patch 9 corresponds to each slot pair 8. Further, in FIG. 7, both side surface portions of the first substrate 13 of the hollow body project outward from the hollow body, and specifically, have an inclined surface of 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction.

As shown in FIG. 7, the radio wave (arrow) fed by the (coaxial) feeding unit 12 becomes a cylindrical wave and propagates in the first dielectric layer 17 outward in the radial direction. Then, the propagated cylindrical wave is reflected by both side surfaces of the hollow first substrate 13, so that the cylindrical wave that wraps around the second substrate 14 heads toward the center from the outer circumference of the disk-shaped first substrate 13. It is converted into a traveling wave (arrow) and propagates in the first dielectric layer 17. At that time, the traveling wave is transmitted from the slot (pair) 8 to the liquid crystal layer 16. As a result, the patch 9 is excited and can emit a radio wave having high directivity as in the embodiment shown in FIG.

On the other hand, in the case of receiving the incoming radio wave, similarly, after the patch 9 receives the incoming radio wave, the incoming radio wave propagates to the feeding unit 12 through the slot (pair) 8 provided directly under the patch 9.

Next, another embodiment of the antenna main body 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10. In the embodiment of the antenna main body 10 of FIGS. 5 to 7 described above, the configuration of the antenna main body 10 in which the liquid crystal layer 16 is uniformly provided between the first substrate 13 and the third substrate 15 has been described. On the other hand, in the embodiment of FIGS. 8 to 10, the configuration of the antenna main body 10 in which the liquid crystal layer 16 is filled in the space (hereinafter, the sealed region 20) arranged in the patch 9 and the slot 8 respectively will be described.

FIG. 8 is a top view showing an example of an embodiment of the antenna body 10 according to the present invention. More specifically, FIG. 8 is a view of the antenna body 10 as viewed from the patch array unit 7, in which the patch 9, the feeding unit 12, and the slot 8 are projected vertically onto the main surface of the disk body Q. be. Therefore, as in FIG. 5, the patch 9, the feeding unit 12, and the slot 8 are indicated by broken lines. In FIG. 8, a rectangular parallelepiped patch 9 and one rectangular parallelepiped slot 8 are arranged corresponding to the sealing region 20, respectively. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, since the projection body of the patch 9 and the projection body of the slot 8 overlap each other, the slot 8 is formed directly under the patch 9. Thereby, the embodiment of the antenna main body 10 shown in FIG. 8 can feed power from the slot 8 to the patch 9 by the electromagnetic coupling feeding method, or can propagate the incoming radio wave from the patch 9 to the slot 8. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna capable of transmitting and / or receiving radio waves.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8, in the present embodiment, the patch 9 and the slot 8 are arranged concentrically from the center of the disc body Q toward the outer peripheral direction of the disc body Q. Therefore, since the conical beam is emitted by the coaxial mode feeding, the phases are aligned in front of the disk body Q and the electromagnetic fields can be strengthened.

Next, an embodiment of the antenna main body 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 9, which is a cross-sectional view of the antenna main body 10 shown in FIG. Needless to say, FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the antenna.

As shown in FIG. 9, the antenna main body 10 has a disk-shaped second substrate 14 and a disk-shaped second substrate 14 in which a plurality of slots 8 are formed concentrically from the center toward the outside in the radial direction. 1 substrate 13, a buffer layer 22 provided on the surface of the first substrate 13 on the second substrate 14 side, a first dielectric layer 17 provided between the buffer layer 22 and the second substrate 14, and a disk. A feeding portion 12 provided at the center of the disk-shaped first substrate 13 and the disk-shaped second substrate 14 and provided in contact with the first dielectric layer 17, and a disk-shaped third substrate 15 , A plurality of sealed areas isolated by a seal wall 24 between the patch 9 (radiating element or incident element) attached to the third substrate 15 and the third substrate 15 and the first substrate 13 and provided with the patch 9. It has a liquid crystal layer 16 filled in 20 so as to be in contact with the patch 9. Further, the feeding unit 12 is electrically connected to the transmitter and / or the receiver provided on the control board via the feeding line 12a. Each patch 9 corresponds to each slot 8, and at least one patch 9, at least one slot 8, and a liquid crystal layer 16 are present in each sealed region 20. , Each of the plurality of sealing areas 20 is isolated via sealing walls 21, 23, 24.

Although not shown in FIG. 9, if necessary, a TFT (thin film transistor) that controls the voltage of the liquid crystal layer 16 may be provided on the first substrate 13 in each sealed region 20. Thereby, the application of the voltage of the liquid crystal layer 16 can be controlled by the active method. Further, if necessary, an alignment film may be provided in each sealed region 20 in order to fix the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 16. As the alignment film, a homeotropic alignment film that facilitates the vertical orientation of the liquid crystal molecules or a homogeneous alignment film that facilitates the horizontal orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is provided between the first substrate 13 and the liquid crystal layer 16. You may. For example, a polyimide alignment film, a light alignment film, and the like can be mentioned.

Next, the sealed region 20 in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 10, which is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of the antenna main body 10 shown in FIG. Needless to say, FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the sealed region 20.

As shown in FIG. 10, the sealing region 20 is a sealing space surrounded on all four sides by the sealing wall 24, the buffer layer 22, the first substrate 13, and the third substrate 15, and at least one patch is inside. 9 and at least one slot 8 are provided in the same sealed space so as to face each other, and the liquid crystal layer 16 is filled.

In the present embodiment, the seal wall 24 may be formed of a known insulator or the like. Further, the buffer layer 22 may be formed of a known dielectric material or the like.

Although not shown in FIG. 10, if necessary, a TFT (thin film transistor) that controls the voltage of the liquid crystal layer 16 may be provided on the first substrate 13 in the sealed region 20. Thereby, the application of the voltage of the liquid crystal layer 16 can be controlled by the active method. The driving method by the active method will be described in more detail. For example, the patch 9 and the first substrate 13 are formed by a TFT formed on the first substrate 13 with the patch 9 as a common electrode and the first substrate 13 as a pixel electrode. A method of controlling the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 16 by controlling the voltage between the two, or a method in which the first substrate 13 is used as a pixel electrode and the electrode layer and the TFT are formed on the first substrate 13, and the patch 9 is used. A method of controlling the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 16 by controlling the voltage between the surface and the first substrate 13, and further, a comb tooth electrode and a TFT are provided on the first substrate 13 and the liquid crystal layer 16 is provided by the TFT. A method of controlling the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule of the above can be mentioned. The method of controlling the application of the voltage of the liquid crystal layer 16 by the active method is not limited to the above method.

Further, at this time, an alignment film may be provided in each sealed region 20 in order to fix the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 16. As the alignment film, a homeotropic alignment film that facilitates the vertical orientation of the liquid crystal molecules or a homogeneous alignment film that facilitates the horizontal orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is provided between the first substrate 13 and the liquid crystal layer 16. You may.

In order to synchronize the liquid crystal layer 16, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 16 between the patch 9 and the first substrate 13 may be modulated. For example, as described above, by controlling the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 16 by using the active method, the capacitance of the slot 8 changes, and as a result, the reactance and the resonance frequency of the slot 8 are controlled. be able to. The resonance frequency of slot 8 has a correlation with the energy radiated from the radio wave propagating on the line. Therefore, by adjusting the resonance frequency of the slot 8, the slot 8 is substantially not coupled with the cylindrical wave energy from the feeding unit 12, or is coupled with the cylindrical wave energy and radiated into the free space. Such control of the reactance and the resonance frequency of the slot 8 can be performed in each of the plurality of sealed regions 20 formed. In other words, by controlling the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 16, the power supply to the patch 9 in each sealed region 20 can be controlled by the TFT. Therefore, since the patch 9 that transmits radio waves and the patch that does not transmit radio waves can be controlled, it is possible to adjust the transmission and reception of the radiated radio waves via the liquid crystal layer 16.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

The nematic liquid crystal composition described in the examples was produced, and various physical property values were measured. The compositions of the following Examples and Comparative Examples contained each compound in the proportions shown in the table, and the content was described as "% by mass". The following abbreviations are used for the description of compounds in the examples.

(Ring structure)

以下の実施例において、特に断りがない限り、トランス体を表す。

In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, a trans body is represented.

(Side chain structure and connecting structure)

(Physical property values and their evaluation methods)
<Upper limit temperature ( _TNI (° C))>
T _NI (° C.): Temperature at which the composition transitions from the nematic phase to the isotropic phase (Tni)

<Lower limit temperature (T _{→ N} (° C))>
T _{→ N} (° C): Lower limit temperature at which the composition transitions from the other phase to the nematic phase.

<Refractive index anisotropy (Δn)>
Δn: Evaluation method of refractive index anisotropy / refractive index anisotropy of liquid crystal composition at 25 ° C. and 589 nm The liquid crystal composition is injected into a glass cell with a polyimide alignment film and in-plane at a measurement temperature of 25 ° C. and 589 nm. The retardation (phase difference) was measured with a retardation film / optical material inspection device RETS-100 (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.). A glass cell having a cell gap of 3.0 μm between glass substrates and a polyimide alignment film having a parallel rubbing direction was used. Further, Δn of the liquid crystal composition was calculated from the formula of phase difference = thickness of liquid crystal layer (cell gap) × Δn.

<Evaluation method for room temperature stability>
0.5 g of a sample of the liquid crystal composition was weighed in a 1 mL sample bottle, stored in a temperature-controlled test tank at 25 ° C. for 168 hours, and visually observed the formation of precipitates from the composition. It was confirmed whether or not the precipitate was observed.

(Examples 1 to 5)
The liquid crystal compounds shown in Table 2 were prepared, a nematic liquid crystal composition was produced, and various physical property values were measured by the above evaluation method.

(Comparative Examples 1 to 4)
The liquid crystal compounds shown in Tables 3 to 6 were prepared, nematic liquid crystal compositions were prepared, and various physical property values were measured by the above evaluation methods. Regarding the liquid crystal compositions of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, since precipitation was observed in the evaluation of room temperature stability, the measurement of various physical property values was abandoned.

Δn in the visible light region correlates with Δε in the several tens of GHz band, and the higher the Δn, the larger the change in the permittivity in the GHz band. Therefore, from the evaluation results shown in Tables 2 to 6, Example 1 It was confirmed that the liquid crystal compositions of ~ 5 are preferable as the liquid crystal for the antenna. Further, from the evaluation results shown in Tables 2 to 6, it was found that Examples 1 to 5 had a higher Δn than Comparative Examples 3 to 4 and were superior in room temperature stability to Comparative Examples 1 and 2. rice field.

When the liquid crystal compositions of Examples 1 to 5 and the liquid crystal compositions of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were compared in terms of storage stability at room temperature, the liquid crystal compositions of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were found to precipitate after 168 hours at 25 ° C. Was done. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the liquid crystal compositions of Examples 1 to 5 maintained the nematic liquid crystal phase even after 168 hours, and were excellent in storage stability at room temperature. Further, the liquid crystal compositions of Comparative Examples 3 to 4 have no precipitation in terms of storage stability at room temperature, but have a low Δn and cannot be used as a liquid crystal for an antenna because large phase control of radio waves is not possible. Was confirmed.

The liquid crystal composition of the present invention can be used as a liquid crystal material for a high frequency device, a microwave device or an antenna.

1: Antenna unit 2: Vehicle 3: Case 4: Control board 5: Top lid 6: Slot array part 7: Patch array part 8: Slot 9: Patch 10: Antenna body 11: Antenna assembly 12: Feeding part 12a: Feeding line 13: 1st substrate 14: 2nd substrate 15: 3rd substrate 16: Liquid crystal layer 17: 1st dielectric layer 20: Sealed area 21, 23, 24: Seal wall 22: Buffer layer P: Conductor Q: Disc

Claims (13)

The following general formula (i):

(In the above general formula (i),
R ⁱ¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and one or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ −s in the alkyl group are independently −CH = CH− and −C≡ C -, - O -, - CO -, - COO- or -OCO- may be substituted by, ^also, one or more hydrogen atoms present in the ^{R i1} are each independently fluorine It may be replaced with an atom,
Y ⁱ¹ is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, one or non-adjacent two or more -CH 2 in the alkyl group _-, respectively independently -CH = CH -, - C≡C - , - O -, - CO -, - COO- or -OCO- may be substituted by, ^also, one present in ^{Y i1} or 2 More than one hydrogen atom may be independently substituted with a fluorine atom.
X ⁱ¹ to X ⁱ⁵ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine ^{atom, never X i1} and ^{X i2} represents both fluorine ^{atoms, never X i3} and ^{X i4} both represent a fluorine atom ,
A ⁱ¹ has the following groups (a) to (c):
(A) 1,4-Cyclohexylene group (one −CH ₂ − present in this group or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ − may be replaced with −O−),.
(B) 1,4-Phenylene group (one -CH = existing in this group or two or more non-adjacent -CH = may be replaced with -N =) and (c). Naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group or decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group (naphthalene-2,6-diyl group or 1,2) , 3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-A single -CH = present in a diyl group or two or more non-adjacent -CH = may be substituted with -N =).
Representing a group selected from the group consisting of, the hydrogen atom in the above group (a), group (b) and group (c) may be independently substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group, respectively.
Z ⁱ¹ and ^{Z i2} are each _{independently, -OCH 2 -, - CH 2} O -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C 4 H 8 -, - COO -, - OCO -, - CH = CH- , -CF = CF-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _{2- , -CF 2} CF _2- , -C ≡ C- or a single bond, but at least one Z ⁱ¹ or Z ^{i 2} is -C ≡ Represents C-
At ^{least one of X i1 to} X ⁱ⁵ is a fluorine atom, or ^{at least one hydrogen atom in A i1} is substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group.
^mi1 represents 1 or 2 and represents
When ^{there are a plurality of A i1} , they may be the same or different, and ^{when there are a plurality of Z i1} , they may be the same or different. )
One or more of the compounds represented by
The following general formula (ii):

(In the above general formula (ii),
R ⁱⁱ¹ and R ⁱⁱ² each independently represent a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and one of the alkyl groups or two or more non-adjacent −CHs. ₂ − may be independently substituted by −CH = CH −, −C≡C−, −O−, −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−, and R ⁱⁱ¹ and R ^{ii2, respectively.} One or more hydrogen atoms present therein may be independently substituted with a fluorine atom, ^{but both R ii1} and R ⁱⁱ² are substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a cyano group. Does not represent
Z ^{ii1, Z ii2} and ^{Z ii3} are each independently a single _{bond, -OCH 2 -, - CH 2} O -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C 4 H 8 -, - COO -, - OCO- , -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- or -C≡C-
A ⁱⁱ¹ , A ⁱⁱ² , A ⁱⁱ³ , A ⁱⁱ⁴ and A ⁱⁱ⁵ are independent of the following groups (a) to (c):
(A) 1,4-Cyclohexylene group (one −CH ₂ − present in this group or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ − may be replaced with −O−),.
(B) 1,4-Phenylene group (one -CH = existing in this group or two or more non-adjacent -CH = may be replaced with -N =) and (c). Naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group or decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group (naphthalene-2,6-diyl group or 1,2) , 3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-A single -CH = present in a diyl group or two or more non-adjacent -CH = may be substituted with -N =).
Representing a group selected from the group consisting of, the hydrogen atom in the above group (a), group (b) and group (c) may be independently substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group, respectively.
X ⁱⁱ¹ and X ⁱⁱ² independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, respectively.
m ^{ii1, m ii2} and ^{m ii3} each independently represent 0 or ^{1, m ii1 + m ii2 +} m ii3 represents 0 or 1,
If A ^{ii1, A ii3} and / or ^{A II5} is present in plural, they may be different may be the same ^or if the Z ^{ii1, Z ii2} and / or ^{Z ii3} are present in plural, they are the same But it can be very different. ), One or more of the compounds,
A liquid crystal composition comprising. The compound represented by the general formula (i) is the following general formula (i-1):

(In the above general formula (i-1),
R ⁱ¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and one or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ −s in the alkyl group are independently −CH = CH− and −C≡ C -, - O -, - CO -, - COO- or -OCO- may be substituted by, ^also, one or more hydrogen atoms present in the ^{R i1} are each independently fluorine It may be replaced with an atom,
Y ⁱ¹ is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, one or non-adjacent two or more -CH 2 in the alkyl group _-, respectively independently -CH = CH -, - C≡C - , - O -, - CO -, - COO- or -OCO- may be substituted by, ^also, one present in ^{Y i1} or 2 More than one hydrogen atom may be independently substituted with a fluorine atom.
X ⁱ¹ to X ⁱ⁷ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine ^{atom, never X i1} and ^{X i2} represents both fluorine ^{atoms, never X i3} and ^{X i4} both represent a fluorine atom , X ⁱ⁶ and X ⁱ⁷ do not both represent a fluorine atom,
A ⁱ¹ has the following groups (a) to (c):
(A) 1,4-Cyclohexylene group (one −CH ₂ − present in this group or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ − may be replaced with −O−),.
(B) 1,4-Phenylene group (one -CH = existing in this group or two or more non-adjacent -CH = may be replaced with -N =) and (c). Naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group or decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group (naphthalene-2,6-diyl group or 1,2) , 3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-A single -CH = present in a diyl group or two or more non-adjacent -CH = may be substituted with -N =).
Representing a group selected from the group consisting of, the hydrogen atom in the above group (a), group (b) and group (c) may be independently substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group, respectively.
Z ⁱ³ _{is, -OCH 2 -, - CH 2} O -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C 4 H 8 -, - COO -, - OCO -, - CH = CH -, - CF = CF -, - Represents CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- , -C≡C- or a single bond.
Z ⁱ⁴ represents a single bond or -C≡C-
At ^{least one of X i1 to} X ⁱ⁷ is a fluorine atom, or ^{at least one hydrogen atom in A i1} is substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group.
^mi2 represents 0 or 1. )
The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising one or more of the compounds selected from the following general formula (1a), general formula (1b) and general formula (1c).

(In the above general formulas (1a) to (1c),
R ¹¹ , R ¹² and R ¹³ each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and one methylene group or one methylene group present in these groups. Two or more methylene groups that are not adjacent to each other may be substituted with -O- or -S-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in these groups are fluorine atoms. Alternatively, it may be replaced with a chlorine atom.
M ¹¹ , M ¹² , M ¹³ , M ¹⁴ , M ¹⁵ and M ¹⁶ independently represent any one of the following groups (a), groups (b), or groups (d).
(A) Trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group (one methylene group present in this group or two or more methylene groups not adjacent to each other is replaced with -O- or -S-. May be good),
(B) 1,4-Phenylene group (one -CH = existing in this group or two or more -CH = not adjacent to each other may be replaced with -N =), 3- Fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, or 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene group, and (d) 1,4-cyclohexenylene group, 1,4-bicyclo [2.2.2] octylene group , Piperidine-2,5-diyl group, naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, or decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group,
The hydrogen atom contained in the above group (a), group (b) or group (d) may be substituted with a cyano group, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group, respectively.
^{L 11, L 12, L 13} , L 14, L 15 and ^{L 16} are each independently a single _{bond, -COO -, - OCO -,} - CH 2 CH 2 -, - (CH 2) 4 -, Represents −OCH _2- , −CH ₂ O−, −OCF _2- , −CF ₂ O−, −N = N−, or −C≡C−.
p, q, and s independently represent 0, 1 or 2, ^{and if there are multiple M 12} , M ¹⁴ , M ¹⁶ , L ¹¹ , L ¹³ and / or L ¹⁵ , they are the same. But it can be very different,
X ¹¹ , X ¹² , X ¹³ , X ¹⁴ , X ¹⁵ , X ¹⁶ and X ¹⁷ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom.
Y ¹¹ , Y ¹² and Y ¹³ independently have a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group (-CN), a thiocyanato group (-SCN), a cyanato group (-OCN), -C≡C-CN, and a bird. Represents a fluoromethoxy group, a trifluoromethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, a difluoromethoxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and these. One methylene group present in a group or two or more methylene groups not adjacent to each other may be substituted with -O- or -S-, and one or one present in these groups. Two or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted with fluorine or chlorine atoms.
However, from the compounds represented by the general formula (1a), the compounds represented by the general formula (i) are excluded, and from the compounds represented by the general formulas (1a), (1b) and (1c), The compounds represented by the above general formula (ii) are excluded. ) The following general formulas (2a) to (2c):

(In the above general formulas (2a) to (2c),
R ^2a and R ^2b each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which may be linear or have a methyl or ethyl branch, and may have a 3- to 6-membered ring. _{Any −CH 2} − present in the group may have a cyclic structure of −O−, −CH = CH−, −CH = CF−, −CF = CH−, −CF = CF. -Or -C≡C- may be substituted, and any hydrogen atom existing in the group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group.
Rings A, B, C and D are independently trans-1,4-cyclohexylene groups, transdecahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl groups, and 1 to 2 fluorine atoms. Alternatively, it may be substituted with a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with a methyl group, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, and one or two fluorine atoms. A tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group may be substituted, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms, a 1,3-dioxane-trans-2,5-diyl group. , Pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group or pyridine-2,5-diyl group.
L ^2a , L ^2b and L ^2c are independent linking groups, respectively, and have a single bond, an ethylene group (-CH ₂ CH ₂ −), a 1,2-propylene group (-CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ − and -CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ )-), 1,4-butylene group, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ O-, -CH = CH-, -CH = CF-,- It represents CF = CH−, −CF = CF−, −C≡C− or −CH = NN = CH−. )
The liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which contains one or more compounds represented by. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein Δn at 589.0 nm is 0.3 or more. A liquid crystal device using the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The liquid crystal element according to claim 6, which is driven by an active matrix method or a passive matrix method. A liquid crystal element that reversibly switches the dielectric constant by reversibly changing the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5. A sensor using the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5. A liquid crystal lens using the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5. An optical communication device using the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5. An antenna using the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The antenna according to claim 12.
A first board with multiple slots and
A second board facing the first board and provided with a power feeding unit,
A first dielectric layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate,
A plurality of patch electrodes arranged corresponding to the plurality of slots, and
The third substrate provided with the patch electrode and
A liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the third substrate is provided.
The liquid crystal layer has the following general formula (i):

(In the above general formula (i),
R ⁱ¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and one or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ −s in the alkyl group are independently −CH = CH− and −C≡C. -, - O -, - CO -, - COO- or -OCO- may be substituted by, ^also, one or more hydrogen atoms present in the ^{R i1} are each independently a fluorine atom May be replaced,
Y ⁱ¹ is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, one or two or more -CH 2 non-adjacent in the alkyl group _- each independently , - - -CH = CH and C≡C -, - O -, - CO -, - COO- or -OCO- may be substituted by, ^also, one or two present in ^{Y i1} The above hydrogen atoms may be independently substituted with fluorine atoms.
X ⁱ¹ to X ⁱ⁵ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine ^{atom, never X i1} and ^{X i2} represents both fluorine ^{atoms, never X i3} and ^{X i4} represent both fluorine atoms,
A ⁱ¹ has the following groups (a) to (c):
(A) 1,4-Cyclohexylene group (one −CH ₂ − present in this group or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ − may be replaced with −O−),.
(B) 1,4-Phenylene group (one -CH = existing in this group or two or more non-adjacent -CH = may be replaced with -N =) and (c). Naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group or decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group (naphthalene-2,6-diyl group or 1,2) , 3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-A single -CH = present in a diyl group or two or more non-adjacent -CH = may be substituted with -N =).
Represents a group selected from the group consisting of, and the hydrogen atom in the above group (a), group (b) and group (c) may be independently substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group, respectively.
Z ⁱ¹ and ^{Z i2} are each _{independently, -OCH 2 -, - CH 2} O -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C 4 H 8 -, - COO -, - OCO -, - CH = CH-, _{-CF = CF -, - CF 2} O -, - OCF 2 -, - CF 2 CF 2 -, - C≡C- or represents a single bond, at least one ^{Z i1} or ^{Z i2} is -C≡C- Represents
At ^{least one of X i1 to} X ⁱ⁵ is a fluorine atom, or ^{at least one hydrogen atom in A i1} is substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group.
^mi1 represents 1 or 2, and ^{if there are a plurality of Ai1} , they may be the same or different, and ^{if there are a plurality of Z i1} , they may be the same or different. )
One or more of the compounds represented by
The following general formula (ii):

(In the above general formula (ii),
R ⁱⁱ¹ and R ⁱⁱ² each independently represent a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and one of the alkyl groups or two or more non-adjacent −CHs. ₂ − may be independently substituted by −CH = CH −, −C≡C−, −O−, −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−, and R ⁱⁱ¹ and R ^{ii2, respectively.} One or more hydrogen atoms present therein may be independently substituted with a fluorine atom, ^{but both R ii1} and R ⁱⁱ² are substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a cyano group. Does not represent
Z ^{ii1, Z ii2} and ^{Z ii3} are each independently a single _{bond, -OCH 2 -, - CH 2} O -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C 4 H 8 -, - COO -, - OCO- , -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- or -C≡C-
A ⁱⁱ¹ , A ⁱⁱ² , A ⁱⁱ³ , A ⁱⁱ⁴ and A ⁱⁱ⁵ are independent of the following groups (a) to (c):
(A) 1,4-Cyclohexylene group (one −CH ₂ − present in this group or two or more non-adjacent −CH ₂ − may be replaced with −O−). ,
(B) 1,4-Phenylene group (one -CH = existing in this group or two or more -CH = not adjacent to each other may be replaced with -N =) and (c). ) Naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group or decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group (naphthalene-2,6-diyl group or 1, One −CH = or two or more non-adjacent −CH = present in the 2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group may be substituted with −N =. )
Representing a group selected from the group consisting of, the hydrogen atom in the above group (a), group (b) and group (c) may be independently substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group, respectively.
X ⁱⁱ¹ and X ⁱⁱ² independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, respectively.
m ^{ii1, m ii2} and ^{m ii3} each independently represent 0 or ^{1, m ii1 + m ii2 +} m ii3 represents 0 or ^1, A ^{ii1, A ii3} and / or ^{A II5} plurality respectively exist If so, they may be the same or different ^{, and if multiple Z ii1} , Z ^{ii 2} and / or Z ^{ii 3} are present, they may be the same or different. ), One or more of the compounds,
An antenna characterized by containing.

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