JPWO2020149749A5 - - Google Patents

Description

A preferred form of the invention relates to the treatment of plants against diseases caused by Proteobacterial (eg, Xanthomonas bacteria) pathogens.

A particularly preferred form of the invention is the use of cruciferous vegetables and plant parts thereof for preventing or reducing infection by "black rot" caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. regarding the treatment of

Plant disease prevention is an ongoing struggle in the agricultural and horticultural industries. Some diseases are minor, but others, such as Xanthomonas, cause serious problems with significant adverse economic impact.

Xanthomonas species can cause cankers, bacterial spots and burn blight on leaves, stems, branches and fruits in a wide variety of plant species. Pathogenic species exhibit a high degree of specificity, some are divided into multiple pasovars, and species names are based on host specificity.

Diseases caused by Xanthomonas include, but are not limited to, cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, etc., solanaceous vegetables such as tomatoes and capsicums, tree crops such as citrus fruits and stone fruits, and nut crops such as walnuts and hazelnuts. , and cereals such as wheat, barley or rice are of particular interest to growers of a wide range of crops.

Agricultural treatment of spraying is one of the more effective methods of controlling infection to prevent or control disease symptoms caused by Xanthomonas. They are divided into three main groups according to the plant treated and the infection situation.

Although copper-based fungicides are commonly used to treat diseases caused by Xanthomonas, they are generally not suitable for long periods of time because undesirable levels of copper can accumulate in the surrounding soil. cannot be used for a period of time. In addition, Xanthomonas bacteria easily become tolerant to copper in certain crops, so higher rates are required to maintain disease control. Copper can also be highly toxic to certain important soil organisms.

The antibiotics available for treating plant diseases are relatively limited in range, and long-term use increases the risk of plants becoming resistant to them. Moreover, objections to these treatments are often based on fears that humans will develop resistance to antibiotics, that is, by consuming foodstuffs produced with antibiotics. Antibiotics commonly used to treat disease caused by Xanthomonas include streptomycin and kasugamycin-based products.

There are some so-called "soft" pesticide alternatives that do not require a period of abstinence due to the lack of significant residual toxicity. Many fall under the category of "biologicals", organisms that prevent or affect disease or induce increased plant resistance to disease. In many cases, many biologics or "elicitors" fall short in terms of efficacy when they are tested for either copper or antibiotic applications. In some cases, its mechanism of action requires specific climatic conditions that may or may not be present in the environment at hand.

The aim of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is to avoid plant diseases caused by pathogens of Proteobacteria, such as Xanthomonas bacteria, and in particular Xanthomonas campestris pv. and at least some help. While this objective applies to the preferred embodiments, it should not be viewed as a limitation on any of the more broadly expressed claims. The purpose of the present invention is essentially simply to provide the public with a useful choice.

DEFINITIONS When used in this document with respect to a combination of features, and where used, the term "comprising" or its derivatives, e.g. should not be viewed as excluding the option of That is, the term should not be interpreted restrictively.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of treating plants against diseases arising from Proteobacterial pathogens, such as Xanthomonas, comprising:
- fatty acids in the form of soaps ; and - silicates;
to the plant, wherein the fatty acid is in solution or suspension in water .

Optionally, the method comprises applying a composition comprising fatty acids and silicates.

Optionally, the Xanthomonas is bacterial and includes Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.

Fatty acids and silicates kill, inhibit, directly control or eliminate Xanthomonas bacteria.

Optionally, the fatty acid is;
- sodium salt; and - potassium salt;
including one or more of

Optionally, fatty acids include fats of animal origin.

Optionally, fatty acids include plant-derived oils.

Optionally, fatty acids include fats or oils of vegetable or animal origin.

Optionally, fatty acids are:
caproic acid caprylic acid capric acid lauric acid myristic acid palmitic acid palmitoleic acid stearic acid oleic acid linoleic acid linolenic acid arachidic acid.

Optionally, the fatty acid is ^*
・C6: 0: caproic acid ・C8: 0: caprylic acid ・C10: 0: capric acid ・C12: 0: lauric acid ・C14: 0: myristic acid ・C16: 0: palmitic acid ・C18: 0: stearic acid ・C18:1: oleic acid, C18:2: linoleic acid, C18:3: linolenic acid, C20:0: arachidic acid.

^* The number immediately following "C" indicates the number of carbon atoms in the molecule and the number immediately following refers to the number of double bonds in the carbon chain. Thus, for example, "C6:0 caproic acid" means that the molecule has "6" carbon atoms and "0" double bonds.

Optionally, the silicate is water soluble.

Optionally, the silicate is in the form of a metal salt.

Optionally, the silicate is:
- potassium silicate;
- sodium silicate; and - lithium silicate;
including one or more of

Optionally, the silicate molar ratio ranges from 2.0 to 3.3. As an example, if the silicate is potassium silicate and the molar ratio is 2.0, this means that every mole of K2O contains _2.0 moles of _SiO2 . If the silicate is potassium silicate with a molar ratio of 3.3, then every mole of _K2O contains 3.3 moles of _SiO2 .

Optionally, plants include one or more of fruits, vegetables, flowers, nuts, grains or trees.

Optionally, the fruits include one or more of citrus fruits, peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, cherries, Kodachi tomatoes, pomegranates and berries.

Optionally, the vegetables are lettuce, brassicas, cucurbits, tomatoes, capsicums, capsicums, potatoes, sweet potatoes, carrots, sugar beets, new onions, chives, beans and peas. including one or more of

Optionally, grains include one or more of wheat, corn, sorghum, oats, rice and barley.

Optionally, the trees comprise ornamental varieties selected from one or more of begonias, roses, ivy, geraniums and poinsettias.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the present invention is directed against diseases arising from Proteobacterial pathogens, such as Xanthomonas (e.g. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris). in the manufacture of a composition for treating plants with
- fatty acids; and - silicates;
including the use of Preferably, fatty acids and/or silicates and/or plants follow any of the above options.

Some preferred embodiments of the invention are described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Bacterial counts in the presence of potassium soap-only, potassium silicate-only solutions are shown logarithmically, and individual potassium soap and potassium silicate concentration values, as well as Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris campestris pv. campestris) showing the effect of efficacy achieved by different concentrations of potassium silicate versus different concentrations of potassium soap. Bacterial counts in the presence of potassium soap-only, potassium silicate-only solutions are shown logarithmically, and individual potassium soap and potassium silicate concentration values, as well as Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris campestris pv. camprestris) showing the effect of efficacy achieved by different concentrations of potassium silicate versus different concentrations of potassium soap. Bacterial counts in the presence of potassium soap-only, potassium silicate-only solutions are shown logarithmically, and individual potassium soap and potassium silicate concentration values, as well as Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris campestris pv. camprestris) showing the effect of efficacy achieved by different concentrations of potassium silicate versus different concentrations of potassium soap. Bacterial counts in the presence of potassium soap-only, potassium silicate-only solutions are shown logarithmically, and individual potassium soap and potassium silicate concentration values, as well as Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris campestris pv. camprestris) showing the effect of efficacy achieved by different concentrations of potassium silicate versus different concentrations of potassium soap. Bacterial counts in the presence of potassium soap-only, potassium silicate-only solutions are shown logarithmically, and individual potassium soap and potassium silicate concentration values, as well as Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris campestris pv. camprestris) showing the effect of efficacy achieved by different concentrations of potassium silicate versus different concentrations of potassium soap. Bacterial counts in the presence of potassium soap-only, potassium silicate-only solutions are shown logarithmically, and individual potassium soap and potassium silicate concentration values, as well as Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris campestris pv. camprestris) showing the effect of efficacy achieved by different concentrations of potassium silicate versus different concentrations of potassium soap. Bacterial counts in the presence of potassium soap-only, potassium silicate-only solutions are shown logarithmically, and individual potassium soap and potassium silicate concentration values, as well as Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris campestris pv. camprestris) showing the effect of efficacy achieved by different concentrations of potassium silicate versus different concentrations of potassium soap.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, compositions are provided for treating the above plants against the above diseases. This composition takes the form of a spray solution consisting of the ingredients set forth in the examples below.

Example 1

To produce the above composition, the silicate solution is added with stirring to about three quarters of the total water. Fatty acid potassium salt (salt form) is then added with stirring. The remainder of the water is then added with stirring.

The composition is in the form of a spray mixture ready for application to plants by hand or by mechanical sprayer. Spraying is preferably of high volume so that excess composition is washed over substantially all plant surfaces at key plant growth stages before disease occurs.

Example 2
The following table shows several specific prototype soap formulations produced according to preferred embodiments of the present invention.

Formulations NS1 and NS2 were produced by saponification. For this, in each case 1.63 kg of the oil component were reacted with 420 g of potassium hydroxide in 2.5 l of water. To aid the reaction, 360 grams of liquid potassium soap was added to the oil prior to the addition of potassium hydroxide. The resulting concentrated solution was then buffered to pH about 10 using a citrate-based buffer. Approximately 5 L of water was then added to bring each formulation to a final volume of 10 L. The amount of potassium salts of fatty acids in each of the "NS" soap formulations amounted to about 18% (w/v), or 180 g/L of soap per liter of water.

Fatty acid profiles for NS1 and NS2 are generally as follows:

These NS1 and NS2 prototype soap formulations were used in several in-vitro studies, both individually and in conjunction with potassium silicate as described below.

In Vitro Treatment of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris A laboratory trial was conducted and Xanthomonas campestris pv. ) compared the effectiveness of certain embodiments of the present invention. In trials, the following test compositions:
- NS1 and NS2 only (approximately 18% (w/v) potassium salts of fatty acids each);
Potassium silicate only (concentration 44% (w/v), molar ratio 2.2);
- a combination of each "NS.." ingredient and a silicate;
- Kasugamycin (industry standard antibiotic);
- streptomycin (industry standard antibiotic);
- Distilled water only;
The number of bacteria identified in the presence of was determined.

The test compositions are shown in the table below.

Control the growth of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris with a total of 53 treatments/replicates (see table above) at given concentrations and combinations NS1, NS2 and potassium silicate products were evaluated for their effectiveness on agar plates in terms of their ability to

Two positive controls (streptomycin and Kasumin (20 g/L Kasugamycin)) and a negative control (distilled water) were also included.

Each product was prepared at four times the required concentration. A 0.25 mL aliquot of each of these solutions was combined with 0.25 mL potassium silicate (or water) and 0.5 mL bacterial suspension to a total volume of 1 mL. The solution containing the product and bacteria was then incubated for 1 hour at 20° C. before being diluted 10-fold to 10 ⁻⁷ with sterile distilled water. Dilutions were then plated on Casitone yeast extract agar (CYE agar) (Araujo et al., 2012) and incubated at 20° C. until individual bacterial colonies could be enumerated.

Each solution was prepared separately as three true replicates. The treatment mean value for each replicate sample was averaged over the three replicate samples. Treatments were randomized but not analyzed statistically because the ANOVA model was invalidated by a large number of zeros. All data were presented on a logarithmic scale so that differences in bacterial concentration were visualized.

The bacterial colony count results for each sample are shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. While some preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated, it will be appreciated that modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the scope of the following claims.

For the purposes of the disclosure, this document may in each case refer to any other item, feature or step disclosed herein, whether or not such combination is claimed. Discloses each item, feature or step described herein in combination with one or more of
[Item 1]
A method of treating a plant against pathogens arising from Proteobacterial pathogens comprising:
- fatty acids; and
・Silicate
to said plant.
[Item 2]
A method according to item 1, comprising applying a composition comprising said fatty acid and silicate to said plant.
[Item 3]
3. The method of item 1 or 2, wherein said pathogen comprises a Xanthomonas bacterium.
[Item 4]
4. The method of any one of items 1, 2 or 3, wherein the pathogen comprises Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.
[Item 5]
5. A method according to any one of items 1-4, wherein the fatty acid is in the form of a soap.
[Item 6]
The fatty acid is
- sodium salt; and
・Potassium salt
6. The method of any one of items 1-5, comprising one or more of
[Item 7]
7. A method according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein said fatty acid is in solution or suspension in water.
[Item 8]
8. The method of any one of items 1-7, wherein the fatty acid comprises fat of animal origin.
[Item 9]
9. The method of any one of items 1-8, wherein the fatty acid comprises an oil of plant origin.
[Item 10]
10. A method according to any one of items 1 to 9, wherein the fatty acids comprise fats and oils of vegetable or animal origin.
[Item 11]
wherein said fatty acids are:
・Caproic acid
・Caprylic acid
・Capric acid
・lauric acid
・Myristic acid
・Palmitic acid
·stearic acid
·oleic acid
・Linoleic acid
・Linolenic acid
・Arachidic acid
11. The method of any one of items 1-10, comprising one or more of
[Item 12]
wherein said fatty acids are:
・ C6: 0: caproic acid
・C8:0: caprylic acid
・C10:0: capric acid
・ C12: 0: Lauric acid
・ C14: 0: myristic acid
・ C16: 0: palmitic acid
・ C18: 0: stearic acid
・C18: 1: oleic acid
・ C18: 2: linoleic acid
・ C18: 3: linolenic acid
・C20:0: arachidic acid
12. The method of any one of items 1-11, comprising one or more of
[Item 13]
13. The method of any one of items 1-12, wherein the silicate is water soluble.
[Item 14]
14. A method according to any one of items 1 to 13, wherein said silicate is in the form of a metal salt.
[Item 15]
the silicate;
- potassium silicate;
- sodium silicate;
- lithium silicate;
15. The method of any one of items 1-14, comprising one or more of
[Item 16]
16. A method according to any one of items 1 to 15, wherein the silicate has a molar ratio of 2.0 to 3.3.
[Item 17]
17. The method of any one of items 1-16, wherein the plant is one or more of fruits, vegetables, nuts, flowers, grains and trees.
[Item 18]
18. The method of item 17, wherein the fruit comprises one or more of citrus fruits, peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, cherries, Kodachi tomatoes, pomegranates and berries.
[Item 19]
The above vegetables are lettuce, brassicas, cucurbits, tomatoes, capsicum, chills, potatoes, sweet potatoes, carrots, sugar beets, new onions, chives, beans and peas 18. The method of item 17, comprising one or more of
[Item 20]
18. The method of item 17, wherein the grain comprises one or more of wheat, corn, sorghum, oats, rice and barley.
[Item 21]
18. The method of item 17, wherein the plant comprises an ornamental variety selected from one or more of begonia, rose, ivy, geranium and poinsettia.
[Item 22]
in the manufacture of a composition for treating plants against diseases caused by Proteobacterial pathogens,
- fatty acids; and
・Silicate
Use of.
[Item 23]
23. Use according to item 22, wherein said disease comprises Xanthomonas.
[Item 24]
23. Use according to item 22, wherein said disease comprises Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.
[Item 25]
25. Use according to items 22, 23 or 24, wherein said fatty acid is as described in any one or more of items 5-12.
[Item 26]
Use according to any one of items 22-25, wherein the silicate is as described in any one or more of items 13-16.

Claims (26)

1. A method of treating plants against pathogens arising from Xanthomonas bacteria , comprising:
- a fatty acid in the form of a soap ; and - a method comprising applying a silicate to said plant, said fatty acid being in solution or suspension in water . 2. The method of claim 1, comprising applying a composition comprising said fatty acid and silicate to said plant. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the pathogen originates from Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. 4. The method of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein said fatty acid and silicate kill said Xanthomonas bacteria. 4. The method of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein said fatty acids and silicates inhibit said Xanthomonas bacteria. 4. The method of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein said fatty acids and silicates directly control said Xanthomonas bacteria. 4. The method of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein said fatty acids and silicates directly eliminate said Xanthomonas bacteria. the fatty acid is
- sodium salt ; and - potassium salt. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein said fatty acids comprise fats of animal origin. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein said fatty acids comprise plant-derived oils. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 , wherein said fatty acids comprise fats and oils of vegetable or animal origin. said fatty acids are:
caproic acid caprylic acid capric acid lauric acid myristic acid palmitic acid stearic acid oleic acid linoleic acid linolenic acid arachidic acid. or the method described in paragraph 1. said fatty acids are:
・C6: 0: caproic acid ・C8: 0: caprylic acid ・C10: 0: capric acid ・C12: 0: lauric acid ・C14: 0: myristic acid ・C16: 0: palmitic acid ・C18: 0: stearic acid ・C18: 1 : oleic acid C18:2: linoleic acid C18:3: linolenic acid C20:0: arachidic acid Method. The method of any one of claims 1-13 , wherein the silicate is water-soluble. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the silicate is in the form of a metal salt. the silicate;
- potassium silicate;
- sodium silicate;
- lithium silicate;
16. The method of any one of claims 1-15 , comprising one or more of A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the silicate molar ratio is between 2.0 and 3.3. 18. The method of any one of claims 1-17 , wherein the plant is one or more of fruits, vegetables, nuts, flowers, grains and trees. 19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the fruit comprises one or more of citrus fruits, peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, cherries, Kodachi tomatoes, pomegranates and berries. The vegetables are lettuce, brassicas, cucurbits, tomatoes, capsicums, chills, potatoes, sweet potatoes, carrots, sugar beets, new onions, chives, beans and peas 19. The method of claim 18 , comprising one or more of 19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the grain comprises one or more of wheat, corn, sorghum, oats, rice and barley. 19. The method of claim 18 , wherein said plant comprises an ornamental variety selected from one or more of begonia, rose, ivy, geranium and poinsettia. In the manufacture of a composition for treating plants against diseases caused by Xanthomonas bacteria ,
- fatty acids; and - use of silicates. 24. Use according to claim 23 , wherein the disease comprises Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Use according to claim 23 or 24 , wherein the fatty acid is as defined in any one or more of claims 4-13 . Use according to any one of claims 23, 24 or 25 , wherein the silicate is as defined in any one or more of claims 14-17 .