JP2022518098A - Plant treatment for disease - Google Patents

Abstract

Avoiding plant diseases is an ongoing struggle in the agricultural and horticultural industries. While some diseases are minor, other diseases such as Xanthomonas cause serious problems and have significant adverse economic consequences. It is an object of the present invention to provide some solutions to this problem, or at least some useful options to the public. The present invention comprises a method of treating a plant against a disease resulting from a proteobacterial pathogen (eg, Xanthomonas), comprising applying fatty acids and silicates to the plant.

Description

A preferred embodiment of the invention relates to the treatment of plants against diseases caused by pathogens of proteobacterium (eg, Xanthomonas bacterium).

Particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention are Brassicaceae vegetables and plant portions thereof for preventing or reducing infections caused by "black rot" caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris. Regarding the treatment of.

Prevention of plant diseases is an ongoing struggle in the agricultural and horticultural industries. While some diseases are minor, other diseases such as Xanthomonas cause serious problems and have significant adverse economic consequences.

Xanthomonas species can cause ulcers, bacterial spots and burnout on leaves, stems, branches and fruits in a wide variety of plant species. Pathogenic species show a high degree of specificity, some are divided into multiple pasovars, and species names are based on host specificity.

Diseases caused by Xanthomonas are not limited, but are limited to Abrana vegetables, such as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, tomatoes, capsicum, tree crops such as citrus fruits, stone fruits, and nut crops such as walnuts and hazelnuts. , And a special concern for growers of a wide range of crops, such as grains such as wheat, xanthomonas or rice.

Agricultural treatment of spraying is one of the more effective methods of controlling infection to prevent or control the disease symptoms caused by Xanthomonas. They fall into three main groups depending on the plant being treated and the status of infection.

Copper-based fungicides are commonly used to treat diseases caused by Xanthomonas, but they are generally long because unwanted levels of copper can accumulate in the surrounding soil. Cannot be used for a period of time. In addition, Xanthomonas bacteria easily become resistant to copper in certain crops and therefore require higher rates to maintain disease control. Copper can also be highly toxic to certain important soil organisms.

The range of antibiotics available for the treatment of plant diseases is relatively limited, and long-term use increases the risk of plants becoming resistant to them. In addition, there are often disagreements with these treatments based on the anxiety that humans acquire resistance to antibiotics, that is, by ingesting foodstuffs produced using antibiotics. Antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of diseases caused by Xanthomonas include streptomycin and kasugamycin-based products.

There are some so-called "soft" pesticide alternatives that do not require a period of withholding due to the lack of significant residual toxicity. Many are in the category of "biopharmacy" and are organisms that prevent or affect disease or induce increased plant resistance to disease. In many cases, many biologics or "elicitors" are inadequate in terms of efficacy when they are tested against either copper or antibiotic applications. In some cases, the mechanism of action requires specific climatic conditions that may or may not be present in the environment in the immediate vicinity.

An object of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is to avoid plant diseases caused by pathogens of proteobacteria such as Xanthomonas bacteria, and in particular Xanthomonas campestris pv.camprestris. And at least some help. While this object applies to the preferred embodiment, it should not be seen as a limitation of any of the broader claims. An object of the present invention is essentially to simply provide the public with useful options.

Definitions If used in this document with respect to a combination of features, and when used, the term "comprising" or a derivative thereof, such as "comprises," is an unspecified additional feature or process. Should not be considered as an exclusionary option. That is, this term should not be construed in a restrictive manner.

A method of treating a plant against a disease resulting from, for example, Xanthomonas, from a pathogen of Pseudomonadota according to one aspect of the invention.
・ Fatty acids; and ・ Silicates;
Is provided for methods including the application of to plants.

Optionally, the method comprises applying a composition comprising fatty acids and silicates.

Optionally, Xanthomonas is bacterial and comprises Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris.

Optionally, the fatty acids take the form of soap.

Optionally, fatty acids;
・ Sodium salts; and ・ Potassium salts;
Includes one or more of.

Optionally, the fatty acids are in solution or in suspension in water.

Optionally, the fatty acids include animal-derived fats.

Optionally, the fatty acids include plant-derived oils.

Optionally, the fatty acids include fats or oils of plant or animal origin.

Optionally, the fatty acids are:
-Caproic acid-Caprylic acid-Caproic acid-Lauric acid-Myristic acid-Palmitic acid-Palmitoleic acid-Stearic acid-Oleic acid-Linolenic acid-Linolenic acid-Arachidic acid.

Optionally, the fatty acids are as follows ^* :
-C6: 0: caproic acid-C8: 0: caprylic acid-C10: 0: caproic acid-C12: 0: lauric acid-C14: 0: myristic acid-C16: 0: palmitic acid-C18: 0: stearic acid- C18: 1: oleic acid ・ C18: 2: linoleic acid ・ C18: 3: linolenic acid ・ C20: 0: contains one or more of arachidic acid.

^* The number immediately after "C" indicates the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, and the number immediately after it means the number of double bonds in the carbon chain. Thus, for example, "C6: 0 caproic acid" means that the molecule has "6" carbon atoms and "0" double bonds.

Optionally, the silicate is water soluble.

Optionally, the silicate takes the form of a metal salt.

Optionally, the silicate is:
・ Potassium silicate;
-Sodium silicate; and-Lithium silicate;
Includes one or more of.

Optionally, the molar ratio of silicates ranges from 2.0 to 3.3. As an example, if the silicate is potassium silicate and the molar ratio is 2.0, this means that every 1 mol of K ₂ O contains 2.0 mol of SiO ₂ . When the silicate is potassium silicate having a molar ratio of 3.3, it contains _2.3 mol of SiO for every ₁ mol of K2O.

Optionally, the plant comprises one or more of fruits, vegetables, flowers, nuts, grains or trees.

Optionally, the fruit comprises one or more of citrus fruits, peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, cherries, kodachi tomatoes, pomegranates and berries.

Optionally, vegetables include lettuce, brassicas, squash, tomatoes, capsicum, peppers, potatoes, sweet potatoes, carrots, tensai, new onions, garlic, beans and pea. Includes one or more of them.

Optionally, the grain comprises one or more of wheat, corn, millet, oat, rice and barley.

Optionally, the tree comprises a decorative variety selected from one or more of begonia, rose, ivy, geranium and poinsettia.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the invention is directed against diseases resulting from, for example, Xanthomonas (eg, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris) from a proteobacterial pathogen. In the manufacture of compositions for treating plants
・ Fatty acids; and ・ Silicates;
Including the use of. Preferably, the fatty acids and / or silicates and / or plants follow any of the above options.

Some preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described as an example and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The number of bacteria in the presence of potassium soap only, potassium silicate only solution is shown logarially, the numerical values of individual potassium soap and potassium silicate concentration, and Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris (Xanthomonas). A graph showing the effect of efficacy achieved by different concentrations of potassium silicate on different concentrations of potassium soap when used against pumpestris pv.campristris). The number of bacteria in the presence of potassium soap only, potassium silicate only solution is shown logarithically, the numerical values of individual potassium soap and potassium silicate concentration, and Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris (Xanthomonas). A graph showing the effect of efficacy achieved by different concentrations of potassium silicate on different concentrations of potassium soap when used against pumpestris pv.campristris). The number of bacteria in the presence of potassium soap only, potassium silicate only solution is shown logarithically, the numerical values of individual potassium soap and potassium silicate concentration, and Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris (Xanthomonas). A graph showing the effect of efficacy achieved by different concentrations of potassium silicate on different concentrations of potassium soap when used against pumpestris pv.campristris). The number of bacteria in the presence of potassium soap only, potassium silicate only solution is shown logarithically, the numerical values of individual potassium soap and potassium silicate concentration, and Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris (Xanthomonas). A graph showing the effect of efficacy achieved by different concentrations of potassium silicate on different concentrations of potassium soap when used against pumpestris pv.campristris). The number of bacteria in the presence of potassium soap only, potassium silicate only solution is shown logarithically, the numerical values of individual potassium soap and potassium silicate concentration, and Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris (Xanthomonas). A graph showing the effect of efficacy achieved by different concentrations of potassium silicate on different concentrations of potassium soap when used against pumpestris pv.campristris). The number of bacteria in the presence of potassium soap only, potassium silicate only solution is shown logarially, the numerical values of individual potassium soap and potassium silicate concentration, and Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris (Xanthomonas). A graph showing the effect of efficacy achieved by different concentrations of potassium silicate on different concentrations of potassium soap when used against pumpestris pv.campristris). The number of bacteria in the presence of potassium soap only, potassium silicate only solution is shown logarithically, the numerical values of individual potassium soap and potassium silicate concentration, and Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris (Xanthomonas). A graph showing the effect of efficacy achieved by different concentrations of potassium silicate on different concentrations of potassium soap when used against pumpestris pv.campristris).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is provided a composition for treating the above-mentioned plants against the above-mentioned diseases. This composition takes the form of a spray solution consisting of the components described in the following examples.

Example 1

To produce the above composition, a silicate solution is added to about three-quarters of the total water with stirring. Then, the fatty acid potassium salt (salt form) is added with stirring. The rest of the water is then added with stirring.

This composition is in the form of a spray mixture that can be immediately applied to plants either manually or by mechanical sprayer. Spraying is preferably large enough to allow excess composition to flow out onto virtually all plant surfaces at important plant growth stages prior to disease occurrence.

Example 2
The table below shows several specific prototype soap formulations produced according to the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

The formulations NS1 and NS2 were produced by saponification. In this regard, in each case 1.63 kg of oil component was reacted with 420 g of potassium hydroxide in 2.5 L of water. To aid the reaction, 360 g of liquid potassium soap was added to the oil prior to the addition of potassium hydroxide. The resulting concentrated solution was then buffered to a pH of about 10 using a citric acid-based buffer. Then about 5 L of water was added to bring each formulation up to a final volume of 10 L. The amount of potassium salt in the fatty acid in each of the "NS" soap formulations was about 18% (w / v) or 180 g / L of soap per liter of water.

Fatty acid profiles for NS1 and NS2 are generally as follows:

These NS1 and NS2 prototype soap formulations have been used in several in vitro studies, both individually and in combination with potassium silicate, as described below.

In Vitro treatment laboratory trial of Xanthomonas campestris pv.campristris was conducted, and Xanthomonas campestris pasovar campestris campestris campestris campestris campestris campestris campestris. ), The effectiveness of a particular embodiment of the present invention was compared. In the trial, the following test compositions:
-NS1 and NS2 only (potassium salt of fatty acid about 18% (w / v), respectively);
-Potassium silicate only (concentration 44% (w / v), molar ratio 2.2);
-Combination of each "NS ..." component and silicate;
・ Kasugamycin (industry standard antibiotic);
-Streptomycin (industry standard antibiotic);
・ Distilled water only;
The number of bacteria confirmed in the presence of was measured.

The test compositions are shown in the table below.

Control the growth of Xanthomonas campestris pv.Campestris with a total of 53 treatments / repeats (see table above) at given concentrations and combinations. NS1, NS2 and potassium silicate products were evaluated for their effectiveness on agar plates in terms of their ability to do so.

Two positive controls (streptomycin and kasumin (20 g / L kasugamycin)) and a negative control (distilled water) were also included.

Each product was prepared at 4 times the required concentration. 0.25 mL of each of these solutions was combined with 0.25 mL of potassium silicate (or water) and 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension to bring the total volume to 1 mL. The solution containing the product and bacteria was then incubated at 20 ° C. for 1 hour before diluting ^10-7 times with sterile distilled water. The diluted solution was then plated on Casitone yeast extract agar (CYE agar) (Araújo et al., 2012) and incubated at 20 ° C. until individual bacterial colonies could be counted.

Each solution was prepared separately as three true repeat test samples. The treatment mean of each repeat test sample was averaged over three repeat test samples. Treatment was randomized, but was not statistically analyzed because the ANOVA model was invalidated by a large number of zeros. All data were shown on a logarithmic scale to visualize differences in bacterial concentration.

The results of the number of bacterial colonies in each sample are shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Although some preferred embodiments of the invention are exemplified, it will be appreciated that modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the claims below.

In terms of disclosure, this document is, in each case, any of the other items, features or processes disclosed herein, whether or not such combination is included in the claims. Disclose each of the items, features or processes described herein in combination with one or more of the above.

Claims (26)

A method of treating plants against pathogens resulting from proteobacterial pathogens.
Fatty acids; and methods comprising applying silicates to the plant. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composition containing the fatty acid and the silicate is applied to the plant. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the pathogen comprises a Xanthomonas bacterium. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein the pathogen comprises Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fatty acid takes the form of soap. The fatty acid
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising one or more of sodium salts; and potassium salts. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the fatty acid is in a solution or suspension in water. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fatty acid contains an animal-derived fat. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fatty acid contains a plant-derived oil. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the fatty acid contains a fat and an oil derived from a plant or an animal. The fatty acid is as follows:
-Caproic acid-Caprylic acid-Caproic acid-Lauric acid-Myristic acid-Palmitic acid-Stearic acid-Oleic acid-Linoleic acid-Linolenic acid-Arachidic acid, any of claims 1-10. The method described in item 1. The fatty acid is as follows:
・ C6: 0: caproic acid ・ C8: 0: caprylic acid ・ C10: 0: caproic acid ・ C12: 0: lauric acid ・ C14: 0: myristic acid ・ C16: 0: palmitic acid ・ C18: 0: stearic acid ・C18: 1: oleic acid-C18: 2: linoleic acid-C18: 3: linolenic acid-C20: 0: one or more of arachidic acid, according to any one of claims 1 to 11. Method. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the silicate is water-soluble. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the silicate is in the form of a metal salt. The silicate is;
・ Potassium silicate;
・ Sodium silicate;
・ Lithium silicate;
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, which comprises one or more of the above. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the molar ratio of the silicate is 2.0 to 3.3. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the plant is one or more of fruits, vegetables, nuts, flowers, grains and trees. 17. The method of claim 17, wherein the fruit comprises one or more of citrus fruits, peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, cherries, kodachi tomatoes, pomegranates and berries. Among the vegetables are lettuce, brassicas, squashbits, tomatoes, capsicum, chili, potatoes, sweet potatoes, carrots, tensai, new onions, garlic, beans and pea. 17. The method of claim 17, comprising one or more of the above. 17. The method of claim 17, wherein the grain comprises one or more of wheat, corn, millet, oat, rice and barley. 17. The method of claim 17, wherein the plant comprises a decorative variety selected from one or more of begonia, rose, ivy, geranium and poinsettia. In the manufacture of compositions for treating plants against diseases resulting from Pseudomonadota pathogens,
-Fatty acids; and-Use of silicates. 22. The use according to claim 22, wherein the disease comprises Xanthomonas. 22. The use according to claim 22, wherein the disease comprises Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris. 22. The use according to claim 22, 23 or 24, wherein the fatty acid is described in any one or more of claims 5-12. The use according to any one of claims 22 to 25, wherein the silicate is described in any one or a plurality of claims 13 to 16.

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