JPWO2020111018A1 - 免疫チェックポイント阻害薬およびfolfirinox療法との併用によるがん治療 - Google Patents
免疫チェックポイント阻害薬およびfolfirinox療法との併用によるがん治療 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本発明の発明者らは鋭意検討した結果、免疫チェックポイント阻害薬とFOLFIRINOX療法、modified FOLFIRINOX療法またはそれらの減量レジメンとを組み合わせて処方する治療法が有効ながん治療法となり得ることを見出した。
特に、本発明により、難治性のがんの一つであり、既存療法では治療が困難であった膵臓がんに対する新たな治療法を提供することが期待される。
Description
[1] FFX療法またはその減量レジメンと組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とする、免疫チェックポイント阻害物質(以下、「免疫CP阻害物質」と略記することがある。)を有効成分として含む、がんの進行抑制、再発抑制および/または治療剤;
[2] 当該免疫CP阻害物質として1回約1〜10mg/kg(体重)あるいは1回約200〜1200mgを約2〜4週間間隔で投与されることを特徴とする、前項[1]記載の剤;
[3] 当該免疫CP阻害物質として1回1mg/kg、2mg/kg、3mg/kg、4mg/kg、5mg/kg、6mg/kg、7mg/kg、8mg/kg、9mg/kgまたは10mg/kg(体重)を投与されることを特徴とする、前項[1]または[2]記載の剤;
[4] 当該免疫CP阻害物質として1回200mg、240mg、250mg、280mg、300mg、320mg、350mg、360mg、400mg、420mg、450mg、480mg、500mg、540mg、560mg、600mg、640mg、700mg、720mg、750mg、800mg、840mg、900mg、1000mg、1080mg、1100mg、1120mgまたは1200mgを投与されることを特徴とする、前項[1]または[2]記載の剤;
[5] 当該免疫CP阻害物質を2週間、3週間または4週間間隔で投与されることを特徴とする、前項[1]〜[4]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[6] 免疫CP阻害物質が、約30分間ないし約60分間あるいは60分間以上かけて静脈内投与される、前項[1]〜[5]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[7] 当該免疫CP阻害物質が、抗PD−1抗体、抗PD−L1抗体または抗CTLA−4抗体である、前項[1]〜[6]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[8] 当該免疫CP阻害物質が、抗PD−1抗体である、前項[1]〜[6]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[9] 当該抗PD−1抗体が、Nivolumab、Cemiplimab、Pembrolizumab、Spartalizumab、Tislelizumab、AMP-514、Dostarlimab、Toripalimab、Camrelizumab、Genolimzumab、Sintilimab、STI-A1110、ENUM 388D4、ENUM 244C8、GLS010、MGA012、AGEN2034、CS1003、HLX10、BAT-1306、AK105、AK103、BI 754091、LZM009、CMAB819、Sym021、GB226、SSI-361、JY034、HX008、ISU106、ABBV181、BCD-100、PF-06801591、CX-188、JNJ-63723283またはAB122である、前項[8]記載の剤;
[10] 当該免疫CP阻害物質が抗PD−L1抗体であって、当該抗PD−L1抗体が、Atezolizumab、Avelumab、Durvalumab、BMS-936559、STI-1014、KN035、LY3300054、HLX20、SHR-1316、CS1001、MSB2311、BGB-A333、KL-A167、CK-301、AK106、AK104、ZKAB001、FAZ053、CBT-502、JS003またはCX-072である、前項[7]記載の剤;
[11] 当該免疫CP阻害物質が抗CTLA−4抗体であって、当該抗CTLA−4抗体が、Ipilimumab、AGEN1884またはTremelimumabである、前項[7]記載の剤;
[12] 当該抗PD−1抗体が、Nivolumabである前項[8]記載の剤;
[13] 当該抗PD−1抗体が、Pembrolizumabである前項[8]記載の剤;
[14] 当該抗PD−1抗体が、Cemiplimabである前項[8]記載の剤;
[15] 当該抗PD−L1抗体が、Avelumabである前項[10]記載の剤;
[16] 当該抗PD−L1抗体が、Atezolizumabである前項[10]記載の剤;
[17] 当該抗PD−L1抗体が、Durvalumabである前項[10]記載の剤;
[18] 当該抗CTLA−4抗体が、Ipilimumabである前項[11]記載の剤;
[19] Nivolumabとして1回3mg/kg(体重)もしくは1回240mgを2週間間隔で、または1回480mgを4週間間隔で投与されることを特徴とする、前項[12]記載の剤;
[20] Nivolumabとして1回480mgを4週間間隔で投与されることを特徴とする、前項[12]記載の剤;
[21] Nivolumabとして1回480mgを4週間間隔で約30分間かけて静脈内投与されることを特徴とする、前項[12]記載の剤;
[22] Pembrolizumabとして1回2mg/kg(体重)または1回200mgを3週間間隔で投与されることを特徴とする、前項[13]記載の剤;
[23] Cemiplimabとして1回350mgを3週間間隔で投与されることを特徴とする、前項[14]記載の剤;
[24] Avelumabとして1回10mg/kg(体重)を2週間間隔で投与されることを特徴とする、前項[15]記載の剤;
[25] Atezolizumabとして1回1200mgを3週間間隔で投与されることを特徴とする、前項[16]記載の剤;
[26] Durvalumabとして1回10mg/kg(体重)を2週間間隔で投与されることを特徴とする、前項[17]記載の剤;
[27] Ipilimumabとして1回3mg/kg(体重)または1回1mg/kg(体重)を3週間間隔で4回静脈内投与されることを特徴とする、前項[18]記載の剤;
[28] FFX療法と組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とし、当該FFX療法において、オキサリプラチン(以下、「L−OHP」と略記する。)85mg/m2を2時間かけて静脈内投与したのち、レボホリナートカルシウム(以下、「l−LV」と略記する。)200mg/m2を2時間かけて静脈内投与し、l−LVの投与開始30分後からイリノテカン塩酸塩水和物(以下、「CPT−11」と略記する。)180mg/m2を1.5時間かけて静脈内投与し、さらにl−LVの投与終了後に、5−FU 400mg/m2を急速静脈内投与して、さらに5−FU 2400mg/m2を46時間かけて持続静脈内投与し、当該一連の投与(以下、「一連の投与」の2回目以降の何れかの投与を「2サイクル目以降の何れかの投与」と記載することがある。)を2週間間隔で実施する、前項[1]〜[27]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[29] 当該FFX療法の2サイクル目以降の何れかの投与において、患者の副作用発現の程度に応じて、5−FUの急速静脈内投与を中止する、前項[28]記載の剤;
[30] 当該FFX療法の2サイクル目以降の何れかの投与において、患者の副作用発現の程度に応じて、L−OHPの投与量を減量または投与を中止する、前項[28]または[29]記載の剤;
[31] 当該FFX療法の2サイクル目以降の何れかの投与において、患者の副作用発現の程度に応じて、CPT−11の投与量を減量または投与を中止する、前項[28]〜[30]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[32] 当該FFX療法の2サイクル目以降の何れかの投与において、患者の副作用発現の程度に応じて、持続静脈内投与される5−FUの投与量を減量する、前項[28]〜[31]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[33] 当該FFX療法において、5−FUの急速静脈内投与を実施しない、前項[28]記載の剤;
[34] 当該FFX療法おけるL−OHPの投与量、あるいは当該FFX療法の2サイクル目以降の何れかの投与において、患者の副作用発現の程度に応じて減量されるL−OHPの投与量が、約65mg/m2、約50mg/m2または約85〜約50mg/m2の間の任意の投与量である、前項[28]、[30]または[33]記載の剤;
[35] 当該FFX療法おけるCPT−11の投与量、あるいは当該FFX療法の2サイクル目以降の何れかの投与において、患者の副作用発現の程度に応じて減量されるCPT−11の投与量が、約150mg/m2、約120mg/m2、約90mg/m2または約180〜約90mg/m2の間の任意の投与量である、前項[28]、[31]、[33]または[34]記載の剤;
[36] 当該FFX療法おいて持続静脈内投与される5−FUの投与量、あるいは当該FFX療法の2サイクル目以降の何れかの投与において、患者の副作用発現の程度に応じて減量される持続静脈内投与される5−FUの投与量が、約1800mg/m2、約1200mg/m2または約2400〜約1200mg/m2の間の任意の投与量である、前項[28]および[32]〜[35]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[37] FFX療法の減量レジメンと組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とし、当該FFX療法の減量レジメンが、L−OHP 85mg/m2を2時間かけて静脈内投与したのち、l−LV 200mg/m2を2時間かけて静脈内投与し、l−LV投与開始30分後からCPT−11 150mg/m2を1.5時間かけて静脈内投与し、さらにl−LVの投与終了後に、5−FU 2400mg/m2を46時間かけて静脈内投与し、当該一連の投与を2週間間隔で実施する療法(当該減量レジメンが、「mFFX療法」に相当する。)である、前項[1]〜[27]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[38] 前項[37]記載のFFX療法の減量レジメンの2サイクル目以降の何れかの投与において、患者の副作用発現の程度に応じて、L−OHPの投与量を減量または投与を中止する、前項[37]記載の剤;
[39] 前項[37]記載のFFX療法の減量レジメンの2サイクル目以降の何れかの投与において、患者の副作用発現の程度に応じて、CPT−11の投与量を減量または投与を中止する、前項[37]または[38]記載の剤;
[40] 前項[37]記載のFFX療法の減量レジメンの2サイクル目以降の何れかの投与において、持続静脈内投与される5−FUの投与量を、患者の副作用発現の程度に応じて減量する、前項[37]〜[39]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[41] 前項[37]記載のFFX療法の減量レジメンにおけるL−OHPの投与量、あるいは同減量レジメンの2サイクル目以降の何れかの投与において、患者の副作用発現の程度に応じて減量されるL−OHPの投与量が、約65mg/m2、約50mg/m2または約85〜約50mg/m2の間の任意の投与量である、前項[37]または[38]記載の剤;
[42] 前項[37]記載のFFX療法の減量レジメンにおけるCPT−11の投与量、あるいは同減量レジメンの2サイクル目以降の何れかの投与において、患者の副作用発現の程度に応じて減量されるCPT−11の投与量が、約120mg/m2、約90mg/m2または約150〜約90mg/m2の間の任意の投与量である、前項[37]、[39]または[41]記載の剤;
[43] 前項[37]記載のFFX療法の減量レジメンにおいて持続静脈内投与される5−FUの投与量、あるいは同減量レジメンの2サイクル目以降の何れかの投与において、患者の副作用発現の程度に応じて減量される持続静脈内投与される5−FUの投与量が、約1800mg/m2、約1200mg/m2または約2400〜約1200mg/m2の間の任意の投与量である、前項[37]および[40]〜[42]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[44] 免疫CP阻害物質投与およびFFX療法またはその減量レジメンを同日に実施する場合、当該免疫CP阻害物質を最初に投与し、当該免疫CP阻害物質の投与終了後少なくとも約30分経過した後に、FFX療法またはその減量レジメンを開始する、前項[1]〜[43]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[45] 最初に、免疫CP阻害物質投与およびFFX療法またはその減量レジメンを同日に実施する、前項[1]〜[44]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[46] 当該FFX療法またはその減量レジメンが処方された患者の副作用発現の程度に応じて、2サイクル目以降の何れかの当該一連の投与を、一時的もしくは継続的に、3週間間隔または4週間間隔で実施する前項[28]〜[45]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[47] がんが、固形がんまたは血液がんである、前項[1]〜[46]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[48] がんが固形がんであって、当該固形がんが、悪性黒色腫(例えば、皮膚、口腔粘膜上皮または眼窩内等における悪性黒色腫)、非小細胞肺がん(例えば、扁平非小細胞肺がんおよび非扁平非小細胞肺がん)、小細胞肺がん、頭頸部がん(例えば、口腔がん、上咽頭がん、中咽頭がん、下咽頭がん、喉頭がん、鼻咽頭がん、唾液腺がんおよび舌がん)、腎細胞がん(例えば、淡明細胞型腎細胞がん)、乳がん、卵巣がん(例えば、漿液性卵巣がんおよび卵巣明細胞腺がん)、子宮がん(例えば、子宮頸がんおよび子宮体がん)、肛門がん(例えば、肛門管がん)、大腸がん、直腸がん、結腸がん、肝細胞がん、食道がん、胃がん、食道胃接合部がん、膵臓がん(例えば、膵管がん、インスリノーマおよび膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍)、尿路上皮がん(例えば、膀胱がん、上部尿路がん、尿管がん、腎盂がんおよび尿道がん)、前立腺がん、卵管がん、原発性腹膜がん、悪性胸膜中皮腫、胆道がん(例えば、胆嚢がん、胆管がんおよび乳頭部がん)、皮膚がん(例えば、ブドウ膜悪性黒色腫およびメルケル細胞がん)、精巣がん(胚細胞腫瘍)、膣がん、外陰部がん、陰茎がん、小腸がん、内分泌系がん、甲状腺がん、副甲状腺がん、副腎がん、脊椎腫瘍、神経芽細胞腫、髄芽腫、眼網膜芽細胞腫、神経内分泌腫瘍、脳腫瘍(例えば、神経膠腫(例えば、神経膠芽腫および神経膠肉腫)および髄膜腫)および扁平上皮がんから選択される1以上のがんである、前項[47]記載の剤;
[49] がんが固形がんであって、当該固形がんが、骨・軟部肉腫(例えば、ユーイング肉腫、小児横紋筋肉腫、子宮体部平滑筋肉腫、軟骨肉腫、肺肉腫、骨肉腫および先天性繊維肉腫)またはカポジ肉腫である、前項[47]記載の剤;
[50] がんが血液がんであって、当該血液がんが、多発性骨髄腫、悪性リンパ腫(例えば、非ホジキンリンパ腫(例えば、濾胞性リンパ腫、びまん性大細胞型B細胞性リンパ腫、MALTリンパ腫、リンパ形質細胞性リンパ腫、菌状息肉症、セザリー症候群、慢性もしくは急性リンパ球性白血病、末梢性T細胞リンパ腫、節外性NK/T細胞リンパ腫、成人T細胞白血病、B細胞リンパ芽球性白血病、T細胞リンパ芽球性白血病およびリンパ形質細胞性リンパ腫)およびホジキンリンパ腫(例えば、古典的ホジキンリンパ腫および結節性リンパ球優位型ホジキンリンパ腫))、白血病(例えば、急性骨髄性白血病および慢性骨髄性白血病)、中枢神経系原発悪性リンパ腫、骨髄異形成症候群および骨髄増殖症候群から選択される1以上のがんである、前項[47]記載の剤;
[51] がんが、小児がんまたは原発不明がんである、前項[1]〜[46]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[52] がんが固形がんであって、当該固形がんが、膵臓がんまたは胆道がんである、前項[47]記載の剤;
[53] がんが固形がんであって、当該固形がんが、膵臓がん(以下、「膵臓がん」を「膵がん」と記載することがある。)である、前項[47]記載の剤;
[54] 膵臓がんが、膵管がん、インスリノーマまたは膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍である、前項[53]記載の剤;
[55] 抗がん薬による治療効果が不十分あるいは十分ではないがんを対象とする、前項[1]〜[54]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[56] 抗がん薬による治療後に増悪したがんを対象とする、前項[1]〜[55]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[57] 抗がん薬による治療歴のないがん患者を対象とする、前項[1]〜[54]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[58] 根治もしくは切除不能、転移性、再発性、難治性および/または遠隔転移性であるがんを対象とする、前項[1]〜[57]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[59] 抗がん薬による治療歴のない遠隔転移を有する膵臓がん患者を対象とする、前項[1]〜[46]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[60] 前項[55]〜[57]および[59]記載の抗がん薬が、アルキル化薬、白金製剤、代謝拮抗剤(例えば、葉酸代謝拮抗薬、ピリジン代謝阻害薬、プリン代謝阻害薬)、リボヌクレオチドリダクターゼ阻害薬、ヌクレオチドアナログ、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬、微小管重合阻害薬、微小管脱重合阻害薬、抗腫瘍性抗生物質、サイトカイン製剤、抗ホルモン薬、分子標的薬およびがん免疫治療薬から選択される一以上の薬剤である前項[55]〜[57]および[59]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[61] 腫瘍組織内の腫瘍細胞のうちPD−L1を発現した腫瘍細胞が占める割合(「Tumor Proportion Score」:以下、「TPS」と略記する。)が50%以上、25%以上、10%以上、5%以上または1%以上であるがんを対象とする、前項[1]〜[60]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[62] TPSが50%未満、25%未満、10%未満、5%未満または1%未満であるがんを対象とする、前項[1]〜[60]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[63] 腫瘍組織内における、各々、腫瘍細胞、リンパ球およびマクロファージのうちのPD−L1陽性細胞数の合計を、当該腫瘍組織における総腫瘍細胞数で除し、100を乗じた数値(「Combined Positive Score」:以下、「CPS」と略記する。)が、20%以上、10%以上、5%以上または1%以上であるがんを対象とする、前項[1]〜[60]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[64] CPSが、20%未満、10%未満、5%未満または1%未満であるがんを対象とする、前項[1]〜[60]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[65] 高頻度マイクロサテライト不安定性(以下、「MSI−H」と略記する。)および/またはミスマッチ修復欠損(以下、「dMMR」と略記する。)を有するがんを対象とする、前項[1]〜[64]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[66] MSI−Hおよび/またはdMMRを有しない、もしくは低頻度マイクロサテライト不安定性(以下、「MSI−L」と略記する。)を有するがんを対象とする、前項[1]〜[64]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[67] 腫瘍変異負荷(以下、「TMB」と略記する。)が高頻度(106塩基当たりの変異数が10個以上)であるがんを対象とする、前項[1]〜[66]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[68] TMBが低頻度(106塩基当たりの変異数が10個未満)であるがんを対象とする、前項[1]〜[66]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[69] FFX療法またはその減量レジメンのみと組み合わせて投与される、前項[1]〜[68]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[70] さらに、放射線療法と併用されない前項[1]〜[68]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[71] 術前療法として処方されない前項[1]〜[68]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[72] さらに、他の抗がん薬と併用される前項[1]〜[68]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[73] 他の抗がん薬が、アルキル化薬、白金製剤、代謝拮抗剤(例えば、葉酸代謝拮抗薬、ピリジン代謝阻害薬、プリン代謝阻害薬)、リボヌクレオチドリダクターゼ阻害薬、ヌクレオチドアナログ、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬、微小管重合阻害薬、微小管脱重合阻害薬、抗腫瘍性抗生物質、サイトカイン製剤、抗ホルモン薬、分子標的薬およびがん免疫治療薬から選択される一以上の薬剤である前項[72]記載の剤;
[74] FFX療法の減量レジメンのみと組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とする、Nivolumabを有効成分として含む膵臓がんの進行抑制、再発抑制および/または治療剤であって、当該Nivolumabとして1回480mgを4週間間隔で、30分間かけて静脈内投与し、当該減量レジメンにおいて、L−OHP 85mg/m2を2時間かけて静脈内投与したのち、l−LV 200mg/m2を2時間かけて静脈内投与し、l−LV投与開始30分後からCPT−11 150mg/m2を1.5時間かけて静脈内投与し、さらにl−LVの投与終了後に、5−FU 2400mg/m2を46時間かけて静脈内投与し、当該一連の投与を2週間間隔で実施する、当該剤;
[75] 当該膵臓がんが、抗がん薬による治療歴のない遠隔転移を有する膵臓がんである、前項[74]記載の剤;
[76] 当該Nivolumab投与と前項[74]記載の減量レジメンを同日に実施する場合、当該Nivolumabを最初に投与し、当該Nivolumabの投与終了後少なくとも約30分経過した後に、当該減量レジメンを開始する、前項[74]または[75]記載の剤;
[77] 最初に、免疫CP阻害物質投与および前項[74]記載の減量レジメンを同日に実施する、前項[74]〜[76]の何れか一項記載の剤;
[1−1] FFX療法またはその減量レジメンと組み合わせて投与される、がんの進行抑制、再発抑制および/または治療に使用される、免疫CP阻害物質または免疫CP阻害薬;
[2−1] FFX療法またはその減量レジメンと組み合わせて投与される、がんの進行抑制、再発抑制および/または治療剤の製造における、免疫CP阻害物質の使用;ならびに
[3−1] FFX療法またはその減量レジメンと、免疫CP阻害物質または免疫CP阻害薬を患者に投与することを含む、がんの進行抑制、再発抑制および/または治療方法。
[適用疾患および患者]
本発明における薬剤あるいは治療法が適用されるがんには、何れの固形がんおよび血液がんも含まれ、固形がんとしては、例えば、悪性黒色腫(例えば、皮膚、口腔粘膜上皮または眼窩内等における悪性黒色腫)、非小細胞肺がん(例えば、扁平非小細胞肺がんおよび非扁平非小細胞肺がん)、小細胞肺がん、頭頸部がん(例えば、口腔がん、上咽頭がん、中咽頭がん、下咽頭がん、喉頭がん、鼻咽頭がん、唾液腺がんおよび舌がん)、腎細胞がん(例えば、淡明細胞型腎細胞がん)、乳がん、卵巣がん(例えば、漿液性卵巣がんおよび卵巣明細胞腺がん)、子宮がん(例えば、子宮頸がんおよび子宮体がん)、肛門がん(例えば、肛門管がん)、大腸がん、直腸がん、結腸がん、肝細胞がん、食道がん、胃がん、食道胃接合部がん、膵臓がん(例えば、膵管がん、インスリノーマおよび膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍)、尿路上皮がん(例えば、膀胱がん、上部尿路がん、尿管がん、腎盂がんおよび尿道がん)、前立腺がん、卵管がん、原発性腹膜がん、悪性胸膜中皮腫、胆道がん(例えば、胆嚢がん、胆管がんおよび乳頭部がん)、皮膚がん(例えば、ブドウ膜悪性黒色腫およびメルケル細胞がん)、精巣がん(胚細胞腫瘍)、膣がん、外陰部がん、陰茎がん、小腸がん、内分泌系がん、甲状腺がん、副甲状腺がん、副腎がん、脊椎腫瘍、神経芽細胞腫、髄芽腫、眼網膜芽細胞腫、神経内分泌腫瘍、脳腫瘍(例えば、神経膠腫(例えば、神経膠芽腫および神経膠肉腫)および髄膜腫)および扁平上皮がん等が挙げられる。
[処方]
本発明における免疫CP阻害薬は、FFX療法、mFFX療法またはそれらの減量レジメンとの併用において、以下の用法・用量にて投与することができる。
[併用]
本発明における薬剤または治療法は、(1)がんの進行抑制および/または治療効果の増強のために、(2)組み合わせて使用される他の薬剤の投与量の低減および/または(3)組み合わせて使用される他の薬剤の副作用の軽減のために、がんの治療目的に使用される一種以上の他の薬剤(例えば、抗がん薬、制吐薬)とともに組み合わせて使用してもよい。本発明において、他の薬剤とともに組み合わせて処方する場合の投与形態には、他の薬剤を本発明における薬剤の何れか1つの製剤中に配合した配合剤の形態であっても、また別々の製剤としての投与形態であってもよい。ここで、他の薬剤の投与量は、臨床上用いられている用量を基準として適宜選択することができる。また、他の薬剤は任意の2種以上を適宜の割合で組み合わせて投与してもよい。また、前記他の薬剤には、現在までに見出されているものだけでなく今後見出されるものも含まれる。
[製剤]
本発明における免疫CP阻害薬は、注射剤または点滴のための輸液として製剤化されて用いられる場合、当該注射剤または輸液は、水溶液、懸濁液または乳濁液のいずれの形態であってもよく、また、用時に溶剤を加えることにより、溶解、懸濁または乳濁して使用されるように、薬学的に許容できる担体とともに、固形剤として製剤化されていてもよい。注射剤または点滴のための輸液に使用される溶剤として、例えば、注射用蒸留水、生理食塩水、ブドウ糖溶液および等張液(例えば、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、グリセリン、マンニトール、ソルビトール、ホウ酸、ホウ砂、プロピレングリコール等の溶液)等を用いることができる。
本治験は、化学療法歴がない遠隔転移を有する膵がん患者に対するNivolumabとmFFX療法との併用時の有効性および安全性を検討することを目的とする。当該治験により、NivolumabとmFFX療法との併用効果が評価できる。
[対象患者]
化学療法歴がない遠隔転移を有する膵がん患者
[患者選択基準]
登録時に、NivolumabおよびFFX療法もしくはmFFX療法に関して、これまでに実施された各々の治験における患者選択基準を考慮して決定された所定の患者選択基準のすべてを満たす患者を選択する。なお、登録からNivolumabの初回投与前までに当該基準を満たさないことが明らかとなった場合は、Nivolumabの投与を開始せず、治験中止とする。
[患者除外基準]
登録時に、NivolumabおよびFFX療法もしくはmFFX療法に関する各々の治験における患者除外基準、あるいはNivolumabおよびFFX療法に関して公表されている各々の適正使用ガイドあるいは適正使用情報における患者選択時の注意事項を考慮して決定された所定の患者除外基準のいずれかに該当すると考えられる患者は除外する。なお、登録からNivolumabの初回投与前までに当該基準のいずれかに抵触した場合は、Nivolumabの投与を開始せず、治験中止とする。
[用法・用量および投与期間]
〈Nivolumab〉
Nivolumab 480mgを4週間間隔で30分かけて静脈内投与し、Nivolumabに関する所定の投与中止基準に該当するまでNivolumabを継続投与した。Nivolumabの用量の変更は許容しない。なお、NivolumabとmFFX療法を同日に投与する場合、Nivolumabを最初に投与し、Nivolumabの投与終了後少なくとも30分経過した後に、mFFX療法の投与を開始した。
〈mFFX療法〉
オキサリプラチン85mg/m2を2時間かけて静脈内投与したのち、レボホリナート200mg/m2を2時間かけて静脈内投与した。レボホリナート投与開始30分後からイリノテカン150mg/m2を1.5時間かけて静脈内投与した。また、レボホリナートの投与終了後にフルオロウラシル2400mg/m2を46時間かけて静脈内投与した。これを1サイクルとし、2週間ごとに繰り返した。
[治験スケージュール]
本試験は、スクリーニング期、治療期および後観察期からなる。治験スケージュールの概要を図1に示す。
〈Nivolumabの投与基準〉
被験者は、毎回の投与開始時において、Nivolumabに関してこれまでに実施された治験における投与基準を考慮して決定された所定の投与基準のすべてに合致しなければならない。当該基準のいずれかに合致しない場合、予定されたNivolumabの投与を延期する。ただし、当該基準のいずれかに合致しない場合でも、病勢進行によると判断される臨床症状の悪化を認めず、投与継続による臨床的ベネフィットが期待され、被験者のベースラインおよび併用薬の影響を考慮して安全にNivolumabの投与を継続可能と判断される場合に限り、Nivolumabの投与継続を可能とする。この場合はNivolumabの投与継続の前に被験者の治療継続の意思を確認した上で診療記録に記録を残し、治験依頼者に連絡する(早急にNivolumabの投与が必要と判断される場合に限り、治験依頼者への事後報告を許容する。)。
〈Nivolumabの投与中止基準〉
治療期において、Nivolumabに関してこれまでに実施された治験における投与中止基準を考慮して決定された所定の投与中止基準のいずれかに該当した被験者はNivolumabの投与を中止する。
〈mFFX療法の投与基準〉
被験者は、当該療法の1サイクル目において、FFX療法もしくはmFFX療法に関してこれまでに実施された各治験における投与基準を考慮して決定された所定の投与基準のすべてに合致しなければならない。
〈mFFX療法の減量基準および減量時の投与量〉
平成25年12月20日付、薬食審査発1220第7号、厚生労働省医薬食品局審査管理課長通知「治癒切除不能な膵癌を適応とする併用化学療法(FOLFIRINOX法)の使用に当たっての留意事項について」に記載される「減量基準」および「減量時の投与量」に準じて実施する。
〈mFFX療法の投与中止基準〉
治療期において、FFX療法もしくはmFFX療法に関してこれまでに実施された各治験における投与中止基準を考慮して決定された所定の投与中止基準のいずれかに該当した被験者はmFFX療法の投与を中止する。
[有効性の評価項目]
胸部、腹部および骨盤におけるCT/磁気共鳴画像(MRI)撮影による画像診断により行い、RECISTガイドライン1.1版に従って標的病変の腫瘍径を計測し、抗腫瘍効果を判定した。以下に示す時点において画像診断(腫瘍径の計測と抗腫瘍効果の判定)を行った。
〈スクリーニング期〉
治療開始前−7〜−1日目
〈治療期〉
サイクル2以降のサイクル(初回のNivolumab投与日から8週間ごと(±7日))および治療期終了時(または中止時)
〈後期観察期〉
治療期終了の28日後および追跡調査期間中
〈主評価項目〉
奏効率
〈副次評価項目〉
(1)奏効率、(2)全生存期間、(3)無増悪生存期間、(4)奏効期間、(5)奏効に至るまでの期間、(6)最良総合効果、(7)病勢制御率、(8)標的病変の腫瘍径和の変化率、および(9)標的病変の腫瘍径和の最大変化率
[安全性の評価項目]
以下の項目について治験責任医師などにより、規定の時期に測定、検査および調査を実施した。
[有効性評価結果]
1例目の被験者が登録されてから6カ月が経過した時点において、治験実施計画書で定めた8週間ごとの画像診断が2回終了(治験薬投与開始16週後)している7例の有効性評価(中央判定)を得た。奏効率は42.9%(CR:0例、PR:3例)であった。
Claims (25)
- FOLFIRINOX療法またはその減量レジメンと組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とする、免疫チェックポイント阻害物質を有効成分として含む、がんの進行抑制、再発抑制および/または治療剤。
- 当該免疫チェックポイント阻害物質が、抗PD−1抗体、抗PD−L1抗体または抗CTLA−4抗体である、請求項1記載の剤。
- 当該免疫チェックポイント阻害物質が、抗PD−1抗体である、請求項1または2記載の剤。
- 当該免疫チェックポイント阻害物質として1回約1〜10mg/kg(体重)あるいは1回約200〜1200mgを約2〜4週間間隔で投与されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3の何れか一項記載の剤。
- 当該免疫チェックポイント阻害物質として1回1mg/kg、2mg/kg、3mg/kg、4mg/kg、5mg/kg、6mg/kg、7mg/kg、8mg/kg、9mg/kgまたは10mg/kg(体重)を投与されることを特徴とする、請求項4記載の剤。
- 当該免疫チェックポイント阻害物質として1回200mg、240mg、250mg、280mg、300mg、320mg、350mg、360mg、400mg、420mg、450mg、480mg、500mg、540mg、560mg、600mg、640mg、700mg、720mg、750mg、800mg、840mg、900mg、1000mg、1080mg、1100mg、1120mgまたは1200mgを投与されることを特徴とする、請求項4記載の剤。
- 当該免疫チェックポイント阻害物質が2週間、3週間または4週間間隔で投与される、請求項1〜6の何れか一項記載の剤。
- 免疫チェックポイント阻害物質が約30分間ないし約60分間あるいは約60分間以上かけて静脈内投与される、請求項1〜7の何れか一項記載の剤。
- 当該抗PD−1抗体が、Nivolumab、Cemiplimab、Pembrolizumab、Spartalizumab、Tislelizumab、AMP-514、Dostarlimab、Toripalimab、Camrelizumab、Genolimzumab、Sintilimab、STI-A1110、ENUM 388D4、ENUM 244C8、GLS010、MGA012、AGEN2034、CS1003、HLX10、BAT-1306、AK105、AK103、BI 754091、LZM009、CMAB819、Sym021、GB226、SSI-361、JY034、HX008、ISU106、ABBV181、BCD-100、PF-06801591、CX-188、JNJ-63723283またはAB122である、請求項3〜8の何れか一項記載の剤。
- 当該PD−1抗体がNivolumabである、請求項3〜8の何れか一項記載の剤。
- Nivolumabとして1回3mg/kg(体重)もしくは1回240mgを2週間間隔で、または1回480mgを4週間間隔で投与されることを特徴とする、請求項10記載の剤。
- Nivolumabとして1回480mgを4週間間隔で投与されることを特徴とする、請求項10または11記載の剤。
- Nivolumabとして1回480mgを4週間間隔で約30分間かけて静脈内投与されることを特徴とする、請求項12記載の剤。
- FOLFIRINOX療法と組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とし、当該FOLFIRINOX療法が、オキサリプラチン 85mg/m2を2時間かけて静脈内投与したのち、レボホリナートカルシウム 200mg/m2を2時間かけて静脈内投与し、当該レボホリナートカルシウムの投与開始30分後からイリノテカン塩酸塩水和物 180mg/m2を1.5時間かけて静脈内投与し、さらに当該レボホリナートカルシウムの投与終了後に、フルオロウラシル 400mg/m2を急速静脈内投与して、さらにフルオロウラシル 2400mg/m2を46時間かけて持続静脈内投与し、当該一連の投与を2週間間隔で実施する療法である、請求項1〜13の何れか一項記載の剤。
- FOLFIRINOX療法の減量レジメンと組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とし、当該FOLFIRINOX療法の減量レジメンが、オキサリプラチン 85mg/m2を2時間かけて静脈内投与したのち、レボホリナートカルシウム 200mg/m2を2時間かけて静脈内投与し、当該レボホリナートカルシウム投与開始30分後からイリノテカン塩酸塩水和物 150mg/m2を1.5時間かけて静脈内投与し、さらに当該レボホリナートカルシウムの投与終了後に、フルオロウラシル 2400mg/m2を46時間かけて持続静脈内投与し、当該一連の投与を2週間間隔で実施する療法である、請求項1〜13の何れか一項記載の剤。
- 当該免疫チェックポイント阻害物質の投与と当該FOLFIRINOX療法またはその減量レジメンを同日に実施する場合、当該免疫チェックポイント阻害物質を最初に投与し、当該免疫チェックポイント阻害物質の投与終了後少なくとも約30分経過した後に、FOLFIRINOX療法またはその減量レジメンを開始する、請求項1〜15の何れか一項記載の剤。
- 当該がんが、膵臓がんまたは胆道がんである、請求項1〜16の何れか一項記載の剤。
- 当該がんが、膵臓がんである、請求項1〜16の何れか一項記載の剤。
- 膵臓がんが、膵管がん、インスリノーマまたは膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍である、請求項18記載の剤。
- 抗がん薬による治療歴のないがん患者を対象とする、請求項1〜19の何れか一項記載の剤。
- 遠隔転移を有するがん患者を対象とする、請求項1〜20の何れか一項記載の剤。
- 抗がん薬による治療歴のない遠隔転移を有する膵臓がん患者を対象とする、請求項1〜21の何れか一項記載の剤。
- FOLFIRINOX療法またはその減量レジメンのみと組み合わせて投与される、請求項1〜22記載の何れか一項記載の剤。
- FOLFIRINOX療法の減量レジメンのみと組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とする、Nivolumabを有効成分として含む、抗がん薬による治療歴のない遠隔転移を有する膵臓がんの進行抑制、再発抑制および/または治療剤であって、(1)当該Nivolumabとして1回480mgを4週間間隔で、30分間かけて静脈内投与し、(2)当該減量レジメンにおいて、オキサリプラチン 85mg/m2を2時間かけて静脈内投与したのち、レボホリナートカルシウム 200mg/m2を2時間かけて静脈内投与し、当該レボホリナートカルシウム投与開始30分後からイリノテカン塩酸塩水和物 150mg/m2を1.5時間かけて静脈内投与し、さらに当該レボホリナートカルシウムの投与終了後に、フルオロウラシル 2400mg/m2を46時間かけて持続静脈内投与し、当該一連の投与を2週間間隔で実施する、当該剤。
- 当該Nivolumab投与と当該減量レジメンを同日に実施する場合、当該Nivolumabを最初に投与し、当該Nivolumabの投与終了後少なくとも約30分経過した後に、当該減量レジメンを開始する、請求項24記載の剤。
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