JPWO2019230753A1 - How to control whiteflies - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling whiteflies, which can obtain a high control effect without using a chemical agent. A method of controlling whiteflies by applying nanobubble water to plants.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for controlling whiteflies.

As a method for controlling whiteflies, a method of applying a chemical agent such as clothianidin to a plant is known.
Patent Document 1 describes a method for controlling whiteflies, in which an effective amount of clothianidin and N- (2-ethylhexyl) -5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxyimide is applied to whiteflies or whitefly habitats. "Is described.

On the other hand, the use of neonicotinoid pesticides including clothianidin has problems such as harm to beneficial insects such as honeybees, and nowadays, sustainable agriculture is aimed at chemical agents. There is a strong demand for a method for controlling whiteflies that is highly effective without the use of.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-466555

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling whiteflies, which can obtain a high control effect without using a chemical agent.

As a result of diligent studies to achieve the above problems, the present inventor has found that by applying nanobubble water to a plant, the effect of controlling whiteflies can be enhanced without using a chemical agent. Was completed.
That is, the present inventor has found that the above problems can be achieved by the following configuration.

[1] A method for controlling whiteflies by applying nanobubble water to a plant.
[2] The method for controlling whiteflies according to [1], wherein at least one of watering using the nanobubble water and supply of the culture solution diluted with the nanobubble water to the medium is carried out.
[3] The method for controlling whiteflies according to [1] or [2], wherein the most frequent particle size of bubbles contained in the nanobubble water is 10 to 500 nm.
[4] The whitefly according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the bubbles contained in the nanobubble water contain at least one gas selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and ozone. Control method.
[5] The method for controlling whiteflies according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the nanobubble water has 1 × 10 ⁸ to 1 × 10 ^{10 bubbles / mL.}
[6] The method for controlling whiteflies according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the plant is a fruit vegetable.
[7] The method for controlling whiteflies according to [6], wherein the plant is tomato or cucumber.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for controlling whiteflies that can obtain a high control effect without using a chemical agent.

It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the nano bubble generation apparatus.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The description of the constituent elements described below may be based on typical embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments.
In the present specification, the numerical range represented by using "~" means a range including the numerical values before and after "~" as the lower limit value and the upper limit value.

The method for controlling whiteflies of the present invention (hereinafter, also abbreviated as "the method for controlling whiteflies of the present invention") is a method for controlling whiteflies by applying nanobubble water to a plant.
Here, examples of whiteflies include, but are not limited to, greenhouse whitefly (Trialearodes vaporariorum), bemisia tabaci, silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii), and whitefly (Aleurocanthus spiniferus). ..
The nanobubble water and arbitrary components used in the control method of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[Nano bubble water]
The nanobubble water used in the control method of the present invention is water containing bubbles having a diameter of less than 1 μm, and is water mixed with the above-mentioned bubbles. The term "water mixed with the above-mentioned bubbles" is intended to exclude water containing the above-mentioned bubbles that is inevitably contained due to water used for generating nanobubble water (for example, well water containing impurities). Is.
Here, the diameter of the bubbles (particle size) contained in the nanobubble water, the most frequent particle size of the bubbles and the number of bubbles, which will be described later, determine the Brownian motion movement rate of the bubbles in the water using the nanoparticle tracking analysis method. These are the measured values, and in this specification, the values measured by the nanoparticle analysis system Nanosite Series (manufactured by NanoSight) are adopted.
In the nanoparticle analysis system Nanosite series (manufactured by NanoSight), the diameter (particle size) can be calculated from the rate of Brownian motion of particles, and the most frequent particle size exists. It can be confirmed as a mode diameter from the particle size distribution of nanoparticles.

In the present invention, the mode of the most frequent particle size of bubbles contained in the nanobubble water is preferably 10 to 500 nm, more preferably 30 to 300 nm, and more preferably 70, for the reason that the control effect of whiteflies is further improved. It is more preferably ~ 130 nm.

The gas constituting the bubbles contained in the nanobubble water is not particularly limited, but a gas other than hydrogen is preferable from the viewpoint of remaining in the water for a long time, and specifically, for example, air, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, and carbon dioxide. , And ozone and the like.
Of these, it is preferable to contain at least one gas selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and ozone for the reason that the control effect of whiteflies is further improved, and the growth of plants is particularly good. Also, it is more preferable to contain oxygen because the bubbles can remain for a longer period of time.
Here, the inclusion of oxygen means that the oxygen concentration is higher than the oxygen concentration in the air. The same applies to nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The oxygen concentration is preferably 30% by volume or more, preferably more than 50% by volume and 100% by volume or less in the bubbles.

^{The nanobubble water preferably has 1 × 10 8} to 1 × 10 ¹⁰ bubbles / mL because the effect of controlling bubbles is further improved, and in particular, the bubble formation time and the remaining bubbles. It is more preferable to have more ^{than 1 × 10 8} bubbles / mL and less than 1 × 10 ¹⁰ bubbles / mL for the reason of good sexual balance ^{, and 5 × 10 8 to} 5 × 10 ^{9 bubbles.} It is more preferable to have bubbles of / mL. In particular, when the number of bubbles in the nanobubble water ^{exceeds 5 × 10 8} cells / mL, the effect of eliminating the need for spraying pesticides, which has been required in the conventional cultivation method, is more remarkable, and the whiteflies caused by the nanobubble water are exhibited. It becomes possible to fully enjoy the control effect of.

The nanobubble water may contain water and other components other than bubbles.
Examples of the other components include fertilizers and pesticides. The type and content of other components in nanobubble water are not particularly limited and can be selected according to the purpose.
However, in the present invention, it is preferable that the nanobubble water does not substantially contain radicals as the other components. The phrase "substantially free of radicals" is intended to exclude that radicals are inevitably contained due to the water used to generate the nanobubble water (for example, well water containing impurities). It is intended to exclude the mixing of radicals generated by some operation.
Further, since the control method of the present invention has a high control effect without using a chemical agent, the nanobubble water does not have to contain a pesticide containing a chemical agent.

Examples of the method for producing nanobubble water include a static mixer method, a Venturi method, a cavitation method, a steam agglomeration method, an ultrasonic method, a swirling flow method, a pressure dissolution method, and a micropore method.
Here, the control method of the present invention may have a generation step of generating the nanobubble water before applying the nanobubble water. That is, the control method of the present invention includes, for example, a generation step of taking water from a water source such as a water storage tank, a well, or agricultural water into a nanobubble generator to generate nanobubble water, and an application step of applying the generated nanobubble water. It may be a control method having. As a method of taking water from the water source into the nanobubble generator, for example, a method of supplying the water pumped from the water source to the nanobubble generator using a tub or a pump; it is laid between the water source and the nanobubble generator. A method of connecting the flow path to the nanobubble generator and directly feeding water from the flow path to the nanobubble generator; and the like.

Further, as the method for producing nanobubble water, a method for producing nanobubble water using an apparatus that does not intentionally generate radicals is preferable. Specifically, for example, [0080] to [0080] to [0080] to [0080] to [0080] to [0080] 0100] A method of generating using the nanobubble generating apparatus described in the paragraph can be mentioned. The above contents are incorporated in the present specification.

Other nanobubble generators that do not intentionally generate radicals include, for example, a liquid discharger that discharges water and a gas mixer that pressurizes and mixes gas into the water discharged from the liquid discharger. , A fine bubble generator having a fine bubble generator that generates fine bubbles in water by passing water mixed with gas inside, and the gas mixing machine is the liquid discharger and the fine bubbles. Examples thereof include a fine bubble generator in which a gas is pressurized and mixed with a liquid flowing toward the fine bubble generator in a pressurized state among the generators. Specifically, a method of generating using the nanobubble generating apparatus shown in FIG. 1 can be mentioned.
Here, the nano bubble generation device 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a liquid discharger 30, a gas mixer 40, and a nano bubble generation nozzle 50 inside.
Further, the liquid discharger 30 is composed of a pump, and takes in raw water (for example, well water) of nanobubble water and discharges it. The gas mixer 40 has a container 41 filled with compressed gas and a substantially tubular gas mixer main body 42, and while flowing water discharged from the liquid discharger 30 into the gas mixer main body 42, The compressed gas in the container 41 is introduced into the gas mixer main body 42. As a result, gas-mixed water is generated in the gas-mixing machine main body 42.
Further, the nanobubble generation nozzle 50 generates nanobubbles in the gas-mixed water according to the principle of pressure dissolution by passing the gas-mixed water through the inside thereof, and its structure is described in JP-A-2018-15715. The same structure as the nanobubble generation nozzle described in the above can be adopted. The nanobubble water generated in the nanobubble generation nozzle 50 is ejected from the tip of the nanobubble generation nozzle 50, then flows out from the nanobubble generation device 10, and is sent to a predetermined destination through a flow path (not shown).
As described above, in the nanobubble generation device 10, the gas mixing machine 40 is compressed into water (raw water) flowing toward the nanobubble generation nozzle 50 in a pressurized state between the liquid discharger 30 and the nanobubble generation nozzle 50. Mix gas. This makes it possible to avoid problems such as cavitation that occur when gas is mixed with water on the suction side (suction side) of the liquid discharger 30. Further, since the gas is mixed with water in a pressurized (compressed) state, the gas can be mixed against the pressure of the water at the gas mixing location. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately mix the gas into the water without generating a negative pressure at the gas mixing location.
Further, a flow path of water supplied from a water source such as a well or a water supply is connected to the suction side of the liquid discharger 30, and flows into the liquid discharger 30 from the upstream side of the liquid discharger 30 in the flow path. The water pressure (that is, the water pressure on the suction side) should be positive. In this case, the above configuration becomes more meaningful. That is, when the water pressure (suction pressure) on the upstream side of the liquid discharger 30 becomes a positive pressure, gas is mixed into the water on the downstream side of the liquid discharger 30, so that the downstream side of the liquid discharger 30 However, the configuration of the nanobubble generator 10 capable of appropriately mixing the gas with water becomes more conspicuous.

The water used to generate the nanobubble water is not particularly limited, and for example, rainwater, tap water, well water, agricultural water, distilled water and the like can be used.
Such water may have been subjected to other treatments before being subjected to the generation of nanobubble water. Other treatments include, for example, pH adjustment, precipitation, filtration, and sterilization (sterilization). Specifically, for example, when agricultural water is used, it may be typically used after one of precipitation and filtration treatments has been applied.

In the present invention, the mode of applying the nanobubble water to a plant is not particularly limited because it differs depending on the cultivation method of the plant, but for example, the mode of sprinkling the nanobubble water in soil cultivation and the nanobubble water in soil cultivation. In the mode of spraying the pesticide diluted by the above, in hydroponics (hydroponics, spray cultivation, solid medium cultivation) or hydroponic soil cultivation (simultaneous irrigation fertilization cultivation), the culture solution diluted with the above nanobubble water is supplied to the medium. Examples thereof include a mode in which the nanobubble water is watered (irrigated) by itself in hydroponic soil cultivation.
Of these, among the watering using the nanobubble water and the supply of the culture solution diluted with the nanobubble water to the medium, because the operation is simple and the control effect of whiteflies is further improved. It is preferable to carry out at least one of them.
The method of "watering", which is one aspect of application, is not particularly limited, and when the cultivation method is soil cultivation, for example, a method of spraying water over the entire plant or a part of the plant ( For example, a method of spraying water on a stem or a leaf, a method of spraying water on the soil in which a plant is planted, and the like can be mentioned. When the cultivation method is hydroponic cultivation, watering by irrigation may be used as described above.

Further, in the present invention, the application time of the nanobubble water to a plant is not particularly limited because it differs depending on the application mode and the type of the plant. For example, in the case of soil cultivation of fruits and vegetables, from sowing to harvesting. It may be applied for the entire period of, or only for a certain period (for example, sowing and raising seedlings).

In the present invention, the plant to which the nanobubble water is applied may be any plant that is or may be parasitized by whiteflies.
Such plants include, for example, Solanaceae plants (eg, solanaceous plants, pepino, tomatoes (including cherry tomatoes), tamarilo, capsicum, shishitogarashi, habanero, peppers, paprika, colored peppers, etc.), cucurbitaceae plants (eg, For example, Takanotsume, Cucurbitaceae plants (eg, pumpkin, zucchini, cucumber, tsunonigauri, white lily, bitter gourd, tomato, hayatouri, hechima, yugao, watermelon, melon, macwauri, etc.), solanaceous plants (eg, okura, etc.), And fruit vegetables such as Solanaceae plants (eg, tomatoes);
Grains such as rice, wheat, and corn;
Beans such as adzuki beans, green beans, peas, edamame, cowpeas, winged beans, broad beans, soybeans, sword beans, lacquer, lentils, and sesame seeds;
Ice plant, Ashitaba, Mustard greens, Cabbage, Cresson, Kale, Komatsuna, Saladana, Sunny lettuce, Saishin, Sanchu, Shandong greens, Shiso, Shungiku, Junsai, Sirona, Seri, Celori, Taasai, Daikonna (Suzushiro), Takana, Chisha, Chingensai , Tsukena, rape blossoms, Nozawa greens, white vegetables, parsley, Haruna, Fudansou, spinach, Hotokenoza, Mizuna, Midorihakobe, Kohakobe, Ushihakobe, Mibuna, Mitsuba, Mekabetsu, Moroheiya, Leafletas, Luccola, Lettuce, and Wasabina leaves
Scallions such as green onions, fine green onions, chives, garlic chives, asparagus, udo, kohlrabi, zasai, bamboo shoots, garlic, yosai, green onions, scallion, and onions;
Flower vegetables such as artichokes, broccoli, cauliflower, edible chrysanthemums, nabana, butterbur sprout, and Japanese ginger;
Germinated vegetables such as sprouts, bean sprouts, and radish sprouts;
Root vegetables such as turnips, radishes, radishes, wasabi, horseradish, burdock, Chinese artichoke, ginger, carrots, rakkyo, renkon, and lily roots;
Potatoes such as sweet potatoes, taros, potatoes, dioscorea opposita (Yamato potatoes), and yams;
Mikanaceae plants (eg, mikan, etc.), Rose family plants (eg, apples, peaches, peaches, yamamomo, karin, pears, pears, sea urchins, apricots, cherries, strawberry, raspberries, blackberries, biwa, etc.), Basho family Plants (eg bananas), vines (eg grapes), gummy plants (eg gummy), vines (eg blueberries), quail plants (eg quail, figs), Kakinoki family plants (eg, oysters, etc.), Akebidae plants (eg, akebi, etc.), Urushi family plants (eg, mango, etc.), Kusunoki family plants (eg, avocado, etc.) Misohagi (eg, pomegranate), Tokeisou (eg, passion fruit), Pineapple (eg, pineapple), Papaya (eg, papia), Matatabi (eg, kiwifruit, etc.) ), Beech (eg, chestnut), Akatetsu (eg, miracle fruit), Futomomo (eg, Guava), Caterpillar (eg, star fruit), and Kintranoo (eg, star fruit). , Acerola, etc.) and other fruit trees;
And so on.

Of these, fruit vegetables are preferable, solanaceous plants are more preferable, eggplants, cucumbers or tomatoes are more preferable, and tomatoes or cucumbers are particularly preferable, in that more excellent effects of the present invention can be obtained.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. The materials, amounts used, ratios, treatment contents, treatment procedures, etc. shown in the following examples can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as limiting by the examples shown below.

(Test 1)
<Contents of the test>
Test 1 was carried out in the agricultural house of tomatoes (varieties: Momotaro York, Takii seedlings) cultivated in Chuo City, Yamanashi Prefecture from August to December 2017 according to the following categories.
Test group 1-1: Nano bubble water produced by the following method was used for diluting the culture solution in hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes (medium: rock wool).
Test group 1-2: Well water was used for dilution of the culture solution in hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes (medium: rock wool), and nanobubble water was not used.
Each test plot was divided into adjacent agricultural houses, and 2800 tomatoes were cultivated in each agricultural house.
The culture solution and amount were appropriately changed according to the growing condition of tomatoes, the weather, etc. according to a conventional method, but were adjusted so as to be substantially the same in both test plots. In addition, before planting tomatoes, the entire agricultural house was sterilized and disinfected with chlorine-based chemicals four times in both test plots. The amount of the chlorine-based chemicals at one time was 300 L / 10a.

<Method of generating nano bubble water>
For nano bubble water, bubbles (nano bubbles) are generated in water by a pressure dissolution method using a nano bubble generator [Kakuichi Seisakusho Co., Ltd. Aqua Solution Division (currently Aqua Solution Co., Ltd.), 100V, 10L / min type]. It was generated by letting it.
Well water was used as the water used for producing nanobubble water, and oxygen (industrial oxygen, concentration: 99.5% by volume) was used as the gas constituting the bubbles.
Further, the conditions for generating nanobubbles using the above-mentioned nanobubble generator were performed under the conditions that the analysis result by the nanoparticle analysis system Nanosite LM10 (manufactured by NanoSight) was as follows.
-Number of bubbles per 1 mL of water: 5 x 10 ⁸ cells / mL
-Moderate particle size of bubbles: 100 nm

<Evaluation of whitefly control effect>
For tomatoes cultivated in each agricultural house, the number of adult whiteflies in 15 arbitrarily selected strains was investigated in early November. The results are shown in Table 1 below. In the table, "no parasitism" means that no whitefly parasitism was observed in all 15 strains, or an average of 1 to 2 whitefly parasitism was observed per strain. means. On the other hand, "with parasitism" means that on average, 10 or more whiteflies were infested in any of the 15 strains.

(Test 2)
<Contents of the test>
Test 2 was carried out from July to October 2018 in the field of cucumber (variety: summer cool) in Komoro City, Nagano Prefecture, according to the following three categories. Each test plot is set in the same greenhouse.
Test group 2-1: Cucumbers were cultivated in a plastic greenhouse, and ordinary agricultural water other than nanobubble water was used for daily watering.
Test group 2-2: Cabbage was cultivated in a vinyl greenhouse, and nanobubble water in which the ^{number of bubbles per 1 mL of water was adjusted to 2 × 10 8 cells / mL was used for daily watering.}
Test group 2-3: Cabbage was cultivated in a vinyl greenhouse, and nanobubble water in which the ^{number of bubbles per 1 mL of water was adjusted to 5 × 10 8 cells / mL was used for daily watering.}
In each test plot, 5 strains of cucumber seedlings were planted on July 19, and cucumbers were cultivated according to a conventional method. In addition, the frequency and amount of watering each time were changed as appropriate according to the weather, but the adjustments were made so that they would be almost the same in the three test plots. Further, in Test 2, in order to test the superiority of the number of bubbles in 1 mL of nanobubble water, the spraying of pesticides, which is carried out in the usual cultivation method, was not intentionally carried out.

<Method of generating nano bubble water>
Nanobubble water was generated by generating bubbles (nanobubbles) in agricultural water using the same nanobubble generation device as in Test 1. As described above, the number of bubbles per 1 mL of nanobubble water was set to 2 × 10 ⁸ cells / mL in the test group 2-2 and 5 × 10 ⁸ cells / mL in the test group 2-3. For the number of bubbles per 1 mL of nanobubble water, for example, a storage tank for nanobubble water is installed on the downstream side of the above nanobubble generator, and the nanobubble water in the storage tank is returned to the nanobubble generator to circulate the nanobubble water in the system. It can be adjusted by changing the circulation time.
Other than that, the conditions for producing nanobubble water are the same between Test 1 and Test 2.

<Evaluation of whitefly control effect>
For each test plot, the number of adult whiteflies on 20 leaves arbitrarily selected from each of the 5 strains was regularly investigated during the cultivation period (strictly speaking, until the end of harvest), and the total for each test plot. The value was calculated. The evaluation results in each test plot are shown in Table 2 below.

As is clear from the above evaluation results, adult whiteflies were confirmed in all test plots, but the number was the highest in test plot 2-1 without application of nanobubble water.
On the other hand, in the test plots 2-2 and 2-3 to which the nanobubble water was applied, the number of adult whiteflies was smaller than that in the test plot 2-1. In addition, the pesticides were sprayed in the test group 2-3 having ^{5 × 10 8} cells / mL than in the test group 2-2 in which the number of bubbles in 1 mL of nanobubble water was 2 × 10 ^{8 cells / mL.} Despite the absence, it became clear that the number of adult whiteflies was lower.
As described above, from the test results of Test 1 and Test 2, the control effect of whiteflies by nanobubble water was clarified.

10 Nano bubble generator 30 Liquid discharger 40 Gas mixer 41 Container 42 Gas mixer body 50 Nano bubble generation nozzle

Claims (7)

A method of controlling whiteflies by applying nanobubble water to plants. The method for controlling whiteflies according to claim 1, wherein at least one of watering using the nanobubble water and supply of the culture solution diluted with the nanobubble water to the medium is carried out. The method for controlling whiteflies according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the most frequent particle size of bubbles contained in the nanobubble water is 10 to 500 nm. The method for controlling whiteflies according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the bubbles contained in the nanobubble water contain at least one gas selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and ozone. The method for controlling whiteflies according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the nanobubble water has 1 × 10 ⁸ to 1 × 10 ^{10 bubbles / mL.} The method for controlling whiteflies according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plant is a fruit vegetable. The method for controlling whiteflies according to claim 6, wherein the plant is tomato or cucumber.

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