JPWO2018229597A1 - Charge control system, charge control method, and electronic device - Google Patents

Abstract

Since the internal resistance increases as the secondary battery deteriorates, the terminal voltage of the deteriorated secondary battery during charging is large, and the terminal voltage of the secondary battery during discharging is small. Occurs. The degree of deterioration and the estimated value of the plurality of secondary batteries are calculated using the first neural network, and the secondary battery with large deterioration does not reach the full charge state by slowing down the charging rate, and the secondary battery with small deterioration. Reduces the variation in the degree of deterioration by increasing the charging rate and making the battery fully charged. The secondary battery having a large degree of deterioration is set to a low end-of-charge voltage so as not to be in a fully charged state, and its charging condition is selected based on the calculation using the second neural network.

Description

  One embodiment of the present invention relates to an object, a method, or a manufacturing method. Alternatively, one aspect of the present invention relates to a process, a machine, a manufacture, or a composition (composition of matter). One embodiment of the present invention relates to a semiconductor device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a power storage device, a lighting device, an electronic device, or a manufacturing method thereof. In particular, the present invention relates to a charge control system, a charge control method, and an electronic device having a secondary battery. One embodiment of the present invention relates to a vehicle or a vehicle electronic device provided in the vehicle.

  Note that in this specification, a power storage device refers to all elements and devices having a power storage function. For example, a storage battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery (also referred to as a secondary battery), a lithium ion capacitor, an all-solid-state battery, an electric double layer capacitor, or the like is included.

  One embodiment of the present invention relates to a neural network and a charge control system using the neural network. Further, one embodiment of the present invention relates to a vehicle using a neural network. Further, one embodiment of the present invention relates to an electronic device using a neural network. Further, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to a vehicle and can be applied to a charge control system of a power storage device for storing electric power obtained from a power generation facility such as a photovoltaic power generation panel installed in a structure or the like. .

  In recent years, various power storage devices such as a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium ion capacitor, and an air battery have been actively developed. Lithium-ion secondary batteries, which have particularly high output and high energy density, are mobile information terminals such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, or notebook computers, mobile music players, digital cameras, medical devices, or hybrid vehicles (HEV). , Next-generation clean energy vehicles such as electric vehicles (EVs) or plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), the demand for which has rapidly expanded along with the development of the semiconductor industry, and modern information as a source of rechargeable energy. Has become indispensable to a socialized society.

  In portable information terminals, electric vehicles, and the like, a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in series or in parallel to provide a protection circuit and used as a battery pack (also called an assembled battery). The battery pack refers to a plurality of secondary batteries housed in a container (metal can, film exterior body) together with a predetermined circuit in order to facilitate handling of the secondary battery. The battery pack is provided with an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) in order to manage the operating state. If there are variations in the characteristics of the plurality of secondary batteries that make up the battery pack, imbalance occurs. When an imbalance occurs, a secondary battery that is overcharged at the time of charging or a secondary battery that is not charged until fully charged occurs, and the apparent capacity of the entire battery pack decreases. However, since charging ends when a certain voltage is reached, there is a gap between the actual capacity and the capacity output by calculation.

  Since one battery pack, that is, a plurality of secondary batteries are collectively charged or discharged, the imbalance increases inside one battery pack. Since a stress is applied only to a part of the battery that is greatly deteriorated to accelerate the deterioration, repeated charging and discharging results in a shorter cycle life of the battery pack, which is a vicious cycle.

  An electric vehicle is a vehicle that uses only an electric motor as a drive unit, but there is also a hybrid vehicle that includes both an internal combustion engine such as an engine and an electric motor. A plurality of sets of battery packs having a plurality of secondary batteries as one battery pack are arranged at the bottom of an automobile using the secondary batteries.

  When charging an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, charging is performed using a charging facility or a household power source. It is difficult to predict the charging end time because the time required to reach full charge differs depending on the specifications of the charging facility, that is, the charging conditions such as the charging voltage.

  A secondary battery used in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle is deteriorated depending on the number of times charging and discharging, depth of discharge, charging current, charging environment (temperature change) and the like. Depending on how the user uses the battery, the temperature at the time of charging, the frequency of rapid charging, the amount of charge by the regenerative brake, the timing of charging by the regenerative brake, and the like may affect the degree of battery deterioration.

  Further, since the secondary battery used in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle is supposed to be used for a long period of time, it is desired to have sufficient reliability. Patent Document 1 describes a method of controlling a transistor according to the capacity of a battery cell to control charging / discharging from a discharging battery cell to a charging battery cell.

  Further, in a device mounted on a human head, such as a head mounted display (also referred to as an HMD) or a spectacle-type device, the weight of the battery or the weight balance due to the arrangement of the battery is important. A spectacle-type device having a plurality of batteries built therein is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-242242.

  Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a device for zooming in a visual field while observing an image with an HMD.

JP, 2017-022928, A JP, 2016-076475, A JP, 2017-130190, A

  Although the actual accurate remaining capacity of the secondary battery can be obtained by discharging the secondary battery and detecting it, the remaining capacity cannot be used because the device cannot be used if it is actually discharged. The remaining capacity is estimated from the correlated parameters (battery voltage and integrated current). In addition, since the secondary battery uses a chemical reaction, it may be incorrect to instantly estimate the remaining capacity based on a small amount of data.

  In addition, since the internal resistance increases when the secondary battery deteriorates, the terminal voltage of the deteriorated secondary battery is large during charging and the terminal voltage is small during discharging, and the terminal voltage of the secondary battery is not deteriorated. There is a difference. Therefore, it is an object to make the degree of deterioration uniform among a plurality of secondary batteries. Another object is to reduce a difference in terminal voltage between a plurality of secondary batteries used for electronic devices and reduce an imbalance between the secondary batteries.

  An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel battery management circuit, a power storage device, an electronic device, and the like.

  Note that the problem of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above problems. The issues listed above do not preclude the existence of other issues. Other issues are those not mentioned in this item, which will be described in the following description. Problems that are not mentioned in this item can be derived from the description such as the specification or the drawings by those skilled in the art, and can be appropriately extracted from these descriptions. Note that one embodiment of the present invention is to solve at least one of the above problems and / or other problems.

  Rather than charging the entire assembled battery, the secondary batteries are selected and the secondary batteries are individually charged to reduce the imbalance between the secondary batteries. Conventionally, a plurality of secondary batteries have been collectively controlled, but in the present invention, by individually controlling a plurality of secondary batteries, preferably two or more secondary batteries, the secondary battery between secondary batteries is controlled. Reduce balance. In particular, when regenerative energy or the like is used in an electric vehicle or the like, the number of repetitive chargings increases, so that a battery with less deterioration is preferentially charged or the number of times of charging is increased. In addition, for a battery that deteriorates significantly, the charging condition is changed to suppress the deterioration, and charging is stopped within the range where the battery is not fully charged. It is also effective in an electric vehicle equipped with a solar cell that is repeatedly charged and an electric vehicle equipped with an engine for power generation.

  The current, voltage, temperature, etc. of the secondary battery are detected by a detection element or a sensor, and the state of charge (State of Charge (SOC)) is calculated. The SOC is also called the charging rate and is defined by the ratio of the remaining capacity to the maximum capacity of the secondary battery. Ideally, it is desirable that the SOCs of all the secondary batteries be the same as time progresses, but in reality, they differ, and the more they are used, the more imbalance due to individual differences in one assembled battery occurs. It will expand. Therefore, information about individual secondary batteries is collected, and the degree of deterioration is analyzed using the first neural network (diagnosis, or in the future, it is assumed that the deterioration will increase and the difference between individuals will increase). The individual secondary batteries are charged under optimal charging conditions. The optimum charging condition may be determined using the second neural network. The first neural network and the second neural network are preferably configured in separate microcomputers.

  The invention disclosed in this specification includes an integrated circuit, a first secondary battery, and a second secondary battery, and the SOC (charge rate) of one secondary battery is 1% or more. Charging and discharging are performed within an arbitrary fixed range (not less than the discharging lower limit voltage and not more than the charging upper limit voltage) out of 100% or less, and the integrated circuit of the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery is used by using the neural network. Deterioration degree diagnosis is performed, and the integrated circuit detects the secondary battery with the higher degree of deterioration, and within the narrower range than the secondary battery with the lower degree of deterioration, It is a charging control system that performs charging under charging conditions that achieve a charging rate that falls within the range. For example, the progress of deterioration is suppressed by selectively setting the charging upper limit voltage of the secondary battery having the larger deterioration degree to be low and performing charging at a low charging rate.

  In the above-mentioned configuration, the charging condition with which the charging rate falls within a narrower range than that of the secondary battery with the smaller degree of deterioration may be determined using the second neural network.

  In the above structure, the first secondary battery is electrically connected to the first switch, the second secondary battery is electrically connected to the second switch, and the first and second switches are , Controlled by an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit has a memory that stores charge / discharge characteristic data that correlates with SOC (charging rate). The integrated circuit includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and manages devices such as the entire electric vehicle. The present invention is not limited to the CPU as long as the required calculation can be performed, and a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) or an APU (Accelerated Processing Unit) may be used. It should be noted that the APU refers to a chip in which a CPU and a GPU are integrated into one.

  Although an example of using two secondary batteries is shown in the above structure, the number is not particularly limited, and the number of secondary batteries is 3 or more, 100 or more, or 7,000 or more and 10,000 or less. 2. Description of the Related Art In a vehicle-mounted secondary battery, a service plug or a circuit breaker that can cut off a high voltage without using a tool is provided in order to cut off power from a plurality of secondary batteries. For example, when connecting 48 battery modules having 2 to 10 cells in series, a service plug or a circuit breaker is provided between the 24th battery module and the 25th battery module. . A separate switch is provided to control each secondary battery. For example, the same number of IC chips (including switches) as the secondary batteries are prepared, and one IC chip is electrically connected to one secondary battery.

  Further, in a device installed on the human head, a plurality of secondary batteries are provided, and preferably two or more secondary batteries are individually controlled using a neural network, thereby reducing the imbalance between the secondary batteries.

  The invention disclosed in this specification has a first display area, a second display area, an integrated circuit, a first secondary battery, and a second secondary battery, and includes a neural network. The integrated circuit is used to analyze the deterioration of the first secondary battery or the second secondary battery, and the secondary battery with the larger degree of deterioration has a higher SOC than the secondary battery with the smaller degree of deterioration. It is an electronic device that charges in a narrow range.

  In the above structure, the first secondary battery is electrically connected to the first switch, the second secondary battery is electrically connected to the second switch, and the first and second switches are , Controlled by an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit has a memory for storing charge / discharge characteristic data correlated with SOC.

  In the above structure, the first display area is the first display device and the second display area is the second display device. By using independent display devices, the distance between the display device for the right eye and the display device for the left eye can be adjusted according to the eye position. In the case of an eyeglass-type device, the distance between human eyes, that is, the distance between the pupils, has a width of about 50 mm to about 80 mm. Further, by using independent secondary batteries, it is possible to collect information regarding individual secondary batteries and perform individual charging under optimal charging conditions.

  In the above configuration, an example using two secondary batteries is shown, but the number is not particularly limited, and the number of secondary batteries is 3 or more, or 100 or more. A separate switch is provided to control each secondary battery. For example, the same number of IC chips (including switches) as the secondary batteries are prepared, and one IC chip is electrically connected to one secondary battery.

  The invention disclosed in this specification includes a first display region, a second display region, a first integrated circuit, a second integrated circuit, a first secondary battery, and a second secondary. A first rechargeable battery is electrically connected to the first switch, a second rechargeable battery is electrically connected to the second switch, and the first switch is , The second switch is an electronic device controlled by the first integrated circuit, and the second switch is an electronic device controlled by the second integrated circuit.

  Further, in the above structure, the electronic device may be an electronic device having an imaging device having a function of imaging the pupil. A change in the shape of the pupil can be detected based on the captured shape of the pupil. The integrated circuit may generate the display data based on the change of the setting according to the change of the shape of the pupil. Alternatively, the integrated circuit generates the display data based on the change of the setting according to the movement of the head and the change of the shape of the pupil. Since display data generation in an integrated circuit involves processing in a circuit such as a processor, the display data may be calculated and generated. The integrated circuit may generate display data that reduces the user's intoxication by viewing the display image of the display device, and correct the display image of the display device.

  In the above structure, the first integrated circuit performs deterioration analysis of the first secondary battery using a neural network, and the second integrated circuit performs deterioration analysis of the second secondary battery using a neural network. The charging is performed in a range where the SOC of the secondary battery with the larger deterioration degree is narrower than that of the secondary battery with the smaller deterioration degree.

  In the above structure, the integrated circuit may include a transistor including an oxide semiconductor. In addition, in this specification and the like, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor or a metal oxide in a channel formation region is referred to as an oxide semiconductor transistor or an OS transistor. The channel formation region of the OS transistor preferably contains a metal oxide.

  Further, in this specification and the like, a metal oxide is a metal oxide in a broad expression. Metal oxides are classified into oxide insulators, oxide conductors (including transparent oxide conductors), oxide semiconductors (also referred to as Oxide Semiconductors or simply OS), and the like. For example, when a metal oxide is used for a semiconductor layer of a transistor, the metal oxide may be referred to as an oxide semiconductor. That is, when the metal oxide has at least one of an amplification function, a rectification function, and a switching function, the metal oxide can be referred to as a metal oxide semiconductor, which is abbreviated as OS.

  The metal oxide included in the channel formation region preferably contains indium (In). When the metal oxide included in the channel formation region is a metal oxide containing indium, the carrier mobility (electron mobility) of the OS transistor is high. The metal oxide included in the channel formation region is preferably an oxide semiconductor containing the element M. The element M is preferably aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), or the like. Other elements applicable to the element M include boron (B), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), germanium (Ge), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr). ), Molybdenum (Mo), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), and tungsten (W). However, in some cases, a combination of a plurality of the above-mentioned elements may be used as the element M. The element M is, for example, an element having a high binding energy with oxygen. For example, it is an element having a binding energy with oxygen higher than that of indium. The metal oxide included in the channel formation region is preferably a metal oxide containing zinc (Zn). Metal oxide containing zinc may be easily crystallized.

  The metal oxide contained in the channel formation region is not limited to the metal oxide containing indium. The metal oxide contained in the channel formation region is, for example, a zinc-tin oxide, a gallium-tin oxide or other indium-free metal oxide containing zinc, a metal oxide containing gallium, a metal oxide containing tin, or the like. It doesn't matter.

  Further, in the above configuration, the secondary battery having a higher degree of deterioration stops charging so as not to be in a fully charged state at the time of charging, and the secondary battery having a smaller degree of deterioration is in a fully charged state at the time of charging. To maintain. The fully charged state means a state of being charged until the voltage of the secondary battery that has started charging falls within the range of the charge end voltage. The state of charge is indicated by SOC, which is a ratio of the amount of charge to the capacity of the secondary battery.

  By preferentially charging or discharging a secondary battery with little deterioration, the number of times of charging and the maintenance period of a fully charged state are differentiated from those with large deterioration. Deterioration is promoted as the number of times of charging is increased or as the maintenance period of the fully charged state is longer.Therefore, by preferentially using the secondary battery with less deterioration, The difference is reduced, and the difference in the degree of deterioration between the secondary batteries is reduced.

  Further, in the above-described configuration, the secondary battery having a larger degree of deterioration is set to a lower discharge lower limit voltage so as to prevent the SOC (charge rate) from becoming less than 30% at the time of discharging to stop the discharge, and the degree of deterioration is small. The secondary battery is discharged until the SOC (charge rate) reaches less than 30%. The control of these discharges is performed by one switch or a plurality of switches.

  A charge control method is also one of the inventions disclosed in this specification. The deterioration degree diagnosis of the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery is performed, and the switch connected to one of the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery, which has a smaller deterioration, is turned on. As a full charge state under the first charge condition, the switch connected to the other battery, which is greatly deteriorated, is turned on to start charging under the second charge condition different from the first charge condition, and the SOC (charge Charge) Stop charging in the range of 50% to 80% and record the charging history.

  In the above configuration, the second charging condition is determined by the neural network processing. Neural network processing is a system for learning using a plurality of data. Alternatively, the second charging condition may be determined by selecting one from a number of predetermined charging conditions by utilizing a learning result obtained by using a neural network learned in advance.

  Since some of the secondary batteries in the assembled battery are not fully charged, secondary batteries having different remaining capacities are used, and the voltage of the secondary battery having a low voltage is individually increased by the booster circuit. In addition, information regarding individual secondary batteries is collected, and optimal conditions are selected for individual secondary batteries using the second neural network to perform discharge. For example, a secondary battery with little deterioration is preferentially used, and a secondary battery with large deterioration is hardly used (discharged or charged) and its capacity is maintained. By using the assembled batteries so that the degree of deterioration between the batteries is the same, the unbalance between the secondary batteries is reduced.

  If the detected temperature of the secondary battery is high, cooling means such as an air blower and a liquid circulating device are controlled. If the temperature of the outside air is low and the detected temperature of the secondary battery is low, the temperature may be increased by controlling the heating means such as a heater.

  A charging plug is connected to a vehicle having a secondary battery to charge the secondary battery from a charging facility. The charging method includes a CHAdeMO method and a combo method. Alternatively, a non-contact charging device may be used. Power is exchanged from the coil on the transmission side to the coil on the power receiving side. The non-contact method includes a resonance method and an electromagnetic induction method.

  A charge control device is also one of the present invention. The charging control device includes a first switch electrically connected to the first secondary battery, a second switch electrically connected to the second secondary battery, a first secondary battery, and An integrated circuit that performs deterioration analysis, deterioration diagnosis, or deterioration estimation of the second secondary battery, a neural network unit that determines a charging condition suitable for the deterioration state of the secondary battery, one secondary battery, and the second secondary battery. And a converter that boosts the smaller output voltage so that the output voltage of the secondary battery becomes the same.

  It is possible to reduce the difference in performance deterioration among a plurality of secondary batteries used in electronic devices and reduce the imbalance between the secondary batteries. By connecting a plurality of secondary batteries in series or in parallel and reducing the unbalance of the secondary batteries, the secondary batteries can be efficiently used and the assembled battery can be used for a long period of time.

  Further, by arranging a plurality of lightweight secondary batteries, the secondary battery can be built in the HMD or the eyeglass-type device. Also, by appropriately disposing a plurality of secondary batteries, it becomes easy to adjust the weight balance of the electronic device.

  If some of the rechargeable batteries used in electronic devices have a short life, it was conventionally necessary to replace all of the rechargeable batteries at the timing of replacing the rechargeable batteries with a short life. According to the invention, even if only one battery is replaced, the charging condition is adjusted by the microprocessor capable of individually performing the neural network operation, so that the total long life can be achieved even if the usage period of the secondary battery is different. be able to.

  Also, a new battery management circuit can be realized.

  Moreover, a new charge control system can be realized.

1 is an example of a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention. 3 is an example of a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of the present invention. 3 is an example of a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of the present invention. 3 is an example of a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of the present invention. The graph which shows an example of SOC, and the graph which shows capacity | capacitance and a cycle. The figure which shows an example of a structure of a neural network. The figure which shows an example of a structure of a neural network. The figure which shows an example of a structure of a neural network. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a product-sum calculation circuit. The circuit diagram showing the example of composition of a circuit. 6 is a timing chart showing an operation example of a product-sum calculation circuit. The figure which shows a cylindrical secondary battery. The figure explaining a coin type secondary battery. FIG. 6 illustrates a secondary battery. FIG. 6 illustrates a secondary battery. FIG. 6 illustrates a secondary battery. 7A to 7C each illustrate an example of an electronic device. 7A to 7C each illustrate an example of an electronic device. 7A to 7C each illustrate an example of an electronic device. 7A to 7C each illustrate an example of an electronic device. 3A and 3B are a top view and a schematic view illustrating one embodiment of the present invention. 7A to 7C each illustrate an electronic device. The graph which shows capacity and a cycle (comparative example).

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description, and it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that modes and details thereof can be modified in various ways. Further, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the description of the embodiments below.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1A shows an example of a block diagram of a passenger car equipped with a plurality of secondary batteries, here two secondary batteries. Note that in FIG. 1A, a seat, a door, a frame for increasing rigidity, and the like are not illustrated for simplification.

  The passenger vehicle illustrated in FIG. 1A includes a secondary battery 301a, a secondary battery 301b, a boost converter 302, an inverter 303, a motor 305, a regenerative braking emphasis control valve 304, a tire 306, and the like.

  The secondary battery 301a and the secondary battery 301b are lithium-ion secondary batteries, each provided with switches 311a and 311b, and charging or discharging can be controlled using a plurality of switches. The control of the switch is performed by the first ECU.

  The exchange of electric power between the regenerative brake emphasis control valve 304 and the secondary battery 301a (or the secondary battery 301b) is controlled by the ECU (first ECU or second ECU). In FIG. 1A, the range controlled by the ECU is surrounded by a dotted line. The ECU refers to an electronic control unit and is a type of integrated circuit such as a microcomputer. The first ECU may be composed of an LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circuit) manufactured by being integrated on one chip. Moreover, the integration method is not limited to the LSI, and may be realized by a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor. Further, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) that can be programmed after the LSI is manufactured, or a reconfigurable processor that can reconfigure connection and setting of circuit cells inside the LSI may be used.

  While the passenger vehicle is traveling, the electric power supplied from the secondary battery is supplied to the motor 305 via the boost converter 302 and the inverter 303. The motor 305 rotates the tire 306 to move the passenger car. When the brake is used, regenerative energy is recovered and the secondary battery is charged through the second ECU and the first ECU. At the time of charging, the charging destination can be determined by switching the switches 311a and 311b in consideration of the degree of deterioration.

  In the present embodiment, the deterioration state of a plurality of secondary batteries is analyzed (or diagnosed or estimated) while the passenger car is running using a neural network, and if the SOC is 30% or more, the switch is turned on and the power is turned on. Supply. For a secondary battery whose SOC has been discharged to less than 30%, the switch is turned off to stop the power supply to the motor. Alternatively, the secondary battery whose SOC has been discharged to less than 30% is turned on and the charging from the regenerative brake is preferentially started. Further, the rechargeable brake is preferentially started to be charged by turning on the switch of the secondary battery having a small degree of deterioration.

  Analyzing (or diagnosing or estimating) the deterioration state of the secondary battery using a neural network, and using the secondary battery with the smallest deterioration as a reference, when charging the secondary battery with relatively large deterioration, it will be in a fully charged state. Control not to become. For example, in FIG. 1A, when the secondary battery 301b is more deteriorated than the secondary battery 301a, the switch 311a of the secondary battery 301a is turned on during charging, and the secondary battery 301b is continuously charged to reach a fully charged state. Then, by turning off the switch 311b of the secondary battery 301b, charging can be stopped and the full charge state can be prevented.

  Here, an example of the charging operation of the charging control system in the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the charging operation while the vehicle is stopped. Here, an example in which a microprocessor capable of performing neural network processing is installed in the ECU is shown. The microprocessor built into the ECU of the passenger car may have an analog product-sum calculation circuit. Details of the analog sum-of-products arithmetic circuit will be shown in later embodiments. It should be noted that the microprocessor capable of performing the neural network processing can be configured without using the analog product-sum operation circuit.

  First, an external power source (single-phase AC200V or three-phase AC200V, etc.) and a plug are electrically connected using a charging cable, and the microprocessor of the first ECU transmits information such as the remaining capacity (SOC) of the secondary battery. Obtain automatically (S1). As a method for measuring the remaining capacity of the secondary battery, there are a detection method by a voltage method and a detection method by an integration method. SOC detection based on physical models involves models that rely on variables such as current, voltage, internal temperature, unloaded voltage, external temperature, impedance, and so on. The method of detecting SOC is coulometry.

  Next, the microprocessor of the first ECU performs neural network processing to diagnose the degree of deterioration of the first and second secondary batteries (S2). Deterioration degree diagnosis of the secondary battery is to judge the degree of deterioration by comparing the time series data of the SOC of the secondary battery (for example, the SOC at the time of shipment), which is the reference, with the time series data of the SOC after the use of the secondary battery. It is to be. In the present embodiment, as a result, the degree of deterioration is calculated (S4). In the diagnosis of the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery, the charging profile may be inferred from the transition of the charging voltage after the start of charging, and the degree of deterioration may be diagnosed from the inferred charging capacity. By inputting the parameters to the neural network processing in which the correlation between the charging rate of the secondary battery serving as a reference and the parameters (current value, voltage value, internal impedance, temperature, etc.) is learned in advance, the target The degree of deterioration can be diagnosed by estimating the SOC of the secondary battery and comparing it with the SOC of the target secondary battery at the time of shipment. Further, the degree of deterioration may be diagnosed not by comparison with the SOC at the time of shipment but by comparison with another secondary battery. Various well-known neural network operation methods can be used for the neural network processing.

  When comparing the first rechargeable battery and the second rechargeable battery that have been charged the same number of times, the deterioration of either one is progressing. A threshold value may be set to determine the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery.

  For the secondary battery that is greatly deteriorated, the first charging switch is turned on (S5). Then, charging is started (S6), and charging is stopped before the fully charged state is reached. Charging is stopped by turning off the first charging switch (S7). For the secondary battery having a large deterioration, the charging is terminated so that the SOC falls within the range of 50% to 80% (S8). The degree of deterioration and the history of charging are stored in a memory or the like (S10), and the data can be referred to as a past charging history (S3) when the degree of deterioration (also referred to as deterioration degree) is calculated. Charging of the secondary battery, which is greatly deteriorated, is performed in such a series of flows.

  On the other hand, a secondary battery with little deterioration is charged normally. In FIG. 2, the second charging switch is turned on (S5), charging is started (S6), and when the fully charged state is reached, the charging is ended (S9). Then, the second charging switch is turned off (S11). Charging of the secondary battery with little deterioration is performed in such a series of flows. Note that the first charge switch and the second charge switch correspond to the switches 311a and 311b in FIG.

  Here, an example of the discharging operation and the charging operation of the charge control system in the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are an example of a flowchart showing a discharging operation and a charging operation of a passenger vehicle equipped with a plurality of secondary batteries, which are started and run. Regenerative energy and a power generation engine are used as the power supply to the secondary battery during the charging operation while the passenger car is running.

  First, the switch installed between the power supply circuit and the secondary battery is turned on (S1). Power is supplied from the secondary battery to the power supply circuit (S2).

  Next, the voltage of the secondary battery is checked (S3), the SOCs of the plurality of secondary batteries are determined (S4), and if the SOCs of the plurality of secondary batteries are equal to or higher than the threshold value, the voltage of the secondary battery is The difference is detected (S5). If the voltage of the secondary battery is less than the threshold value, the charging operation is performed. For example, the SOC determination (S4) is performed by a threshold value which is determined in advance, the data is stored in the memory, and the comparison circuit is used.

  Then, the secondary battery having the maximum voltage is detected from among the plurality of secondary batteries, and the voltage difference between the secondary battery having the maximum voltage and another secondary battery is detected (S5). However, it is assumed that the plurality of secondary batteries used have different voltages. In the present embodiment, since there are at least two types of secondary batteries that are in a fully charged state and secondary batteries that are not in a fully charged state in order to suppress deterioration, discharge operation using secondary batteries with different voltages is performed. Becomes Therefore, at the time of discharging, the secondary battery is used by boosting the intended voltage using a DCDC converter or the like at a boosting rate according to the voltage of each secondary battery.

  In the case of a secondary battery having a small voltage difference from the secondary battery having the maximum voltage (that is, a secondary battery having a large voltage), a normal secondary battery is used. The boosting rate is calculated (S6), the connection with the boosting circuit is turned on (S7), and boosting is started (S8). Then, the switch for controlling the power supply is turned on (S9) to start the power supply to the circuit (S10), and after the passenger car is driven, it is stopped and the power supply to the circuit is stopped. Neural network processing may be used to calculate the boosting rate and the like.

  Then, the voltage of the secondary battery is checked for the second time (S11), the SOC of the second time is determined (S12), and if the remaining capacity is sufficient, the power supply stop instruction to the circuit (S13) is not issued. The power supply to the circuit is continued (S14), and after a lapse of a certain time, the voltage is checked again, and the operation is repeated until discharge is no longer possible. When the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is exhausted, power supply to the circuit is stopped (S15), and charging is performed if necessary.

  In the case of the secondary battery having a medium voltage difference from the secondary battery having the maximum voltage, the secondary battery is almost the same as the secondary battery having the small voltage difference except that the remaining capacity is different. However, detailed description is omitted here.

  Also, in the case of a secondary battery having a large voltage difference from the secondary battery having the maximum voltage, that is, a secondary battery having a small remaining capacity, the flowchart is almost the same as that of the secondary battery having a small voltage difference, and therefore is shown in FIG. However, detailed description is omitted here. In this way, the respective secondary batteries are used in different voltage states, and the boost rates are also different.

  If any of the secondary batteries is out of the discharge permission range according to the SOC calculation result, the charging operation (charging mode) is switched to.

  When the charging mode is switched to, the charging end voltage is read by referring to the past charging history (S16). Since the charging history of each secondary battery is different, the value of the end-of-charge voltage is also different. The end-of-charge voltage of each secondary battery may be determined using neural network processing.

  Then, charging is started (S18) and a charging profile is obtained. The degree of deterioration of the battery can be diagnosed by comparing the charging profiles. Then, feedback (S19) is made to the charging history, and the degree of deterioration of each secondary battery is recorded in a memory or the like.

  Then, the charging switch is turned off (S20) when the charging is completed and the preset end-of-charge voltage is reached.

  Then, the reasoning for leveling the deterioration variation of the plurality of batteries is performed, and the charging upper limit voltage (upper limit SOC) of all the batteries is reset (S21). Neural network processing may be used for leveling inference.

  For example, if a secondary battery with a large degree of deterioration is generated and if it is used as it is, the traveling operation will be stopped earlier or the deterioration will be promoted. Therefore, only the secondary battery is switched to the charging mode. Then, the charging switch is turned on (S17), and charging by the regenerative brake is started (S18). Further, it is preferable that the charging by the regenerative brake is not a quick charging but a charging condition that does not easily deteriorate. As a charging condition that does not easily deteriorate, the charge / discharge rate, charge end voltage, temperature, and charging method (constant voltage charging method, constant current charging method, constant voltage constant current charging method), etc. are determined using neural network processing. Good. Further, it is preferable to set the end-of-charge voltage to a lower value so that the secondary battery having a large degree of deterioration will not be in a fully charged state. For example, for a secondary battery with a high degree of deterioration, the end-of-charge voltage is set so that the SOC falls within the range of 50% or more and 80% or less.

  When operated in this way, the number of uses of the secondary battery that deteriorated early is limited, and after a certain period of use, the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery that deteriorated early is different from that of other secondary batteries. It can be leveled to the same level.

  Further, although FIG. 1A is an example in which regenerative energy is obtained by braking or deceleration, FIG. 1B is one of the modified examples. Since a power generation engine 307 using gasoline and a power generation motor 308 are provided and power can be appropriately generated to obtain energy, if a secondary battery whose SOC is discharged to less than 30% is detected. , The secondary battery can be charged with priority, and deterioration can be reduced.

  Further, the passenger car shown in FIG. 1B has three secondary batteries, and has switches 311a, 311b, 311c for driving a motor and power generation switches 311d, 311e, 311f.

  Further, a secondary battery that is optimal for the load of the circuit to be operated may be used to level the deterioration levels to the same level.

  For example, in FIG. 1B, the secondary battery 301a is the A rank product with the least deterioration, the secondary battery 301c is the C rank product with the most deterioration, and the secondary battery 301b is moderately deteriorated. It is assumed that the product is a B-ranked product.

  FIG. 23 shows the cycle characteristics of these three secondary batteries. As shown in FIG. 23, the secondary battery 301c has the largest deterioration and the imbalance increases.

  Therefore, the secondary battery 301a is operated within the SOC range as shown in FIG. 5 (A), and the secondary battery 301b is operated within the SOC range as shown in FIG. 5 (B). 5C is operated within the range of SOC as shown in FIG. 5C, the deterioration of the secondary battery 301a is promoted, and the deterioration of the secondary battery 301c is slowed down, resulting in deterioration as shown in FIG. 5D. You can also adjust the degree of. Note that FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B, FIG. 5C, and FIG. 5D show an example, and in an actual device, the designer determines the SOC permission range. For example, the device specification may be SOC 20% or more and 80% or less. When the SOC becomes less than 20%, the power supply from the secondary battery is cut off, and when it becomes 80% or more, the charging is stopped. .

  Since the usage method (discharging or charging) of such a secondary battery is complicated, the microprocessor of the ECU performs the second neural network processing to optimize the charging condition and the discharging condition for each secondary battery. It is desirable to select and to make the degree of deterioration between the secondary batteries uniform.

  In addition to calculating the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery, if a secondary battery that behaves abnormally is generated, the secondary battery is detected and the secondary battery is switched off so that it does not operate. Do not charge or discharge the battery. By doing so, a safe control system can be realized. Further, by using various data, it is possible to construct a neural network process capable of inferring the occurrence of a secondary battery exhibiting abnormal behavior, and take a proactive action or give a warning.

(Embodiment 2)
In this embodiment, an example of the configuration of the neural network NN and a specific example of an analog product-sum calculation circuit applicable to the neural network will be described.

  The embodiments described below include the use of special purpose or general purpose computers that include various computer hardware or software. Also, the embodiments described below in this specification can be implemented using a computer-readable recording medium. Recording media may also include RAM, ROM, or optical disks, magnetic disks, or any other storage medium that can be accessed by a computer. Also, the algorithms, components, flows, programs, etc., shown as examples in the embodiments described below in this specification, can be executed in software, or can be executed in a combination of hardware and software.

  FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a neural network of one embodiment of the present invention. The neural network NN shown in FIG. 6 has an input layer IL, an output layer OL, and a hidden layer (intermediate layer) HL. The neural network NN can be configured by a neural network having a plurality of hidden layers HL, that is, a deep neural network. The learning in the deep neural network may be referred to as deep learning. The output layer OL, the input layer IL, and the hidden layer HL each have a plurality of neuron circuits, and neuron circuits provided in different layers are connected to each other via synapse circuits.

  A function of analyzing the operation of the storage battery is added to the neural network NN by learning. Then, when the measured storage battery parameters are input to the neural network NN, arithmetic processing is performed in each layer. The arithmetic processing in each layer is executed by a product-sum operation of output data of the neuron circuit included in the previous layer and a weighting coefficient. The connection between layers may be full connection in which all neuron circuits are connected or partial connection in which some neuron circuits are connected.

  For example, a convolutional neural network (CNN) having a convolutional layer and a pooling layer in which only specific neuron circuits have coupling between adjacent layers may be used.

  The convolved data is converted by the activation function and then output to the pooling layer. As the activation function, ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit) or the like can be used. ReLU is a function that outputs "0" when the input value is negative and outputs the input value as it is when the input value is "0" or more. Further, a sigmoid function, a tanh function, or the like can be used as the activation function.

  The CNN performs feature extraction by the above convolution processing and pooling processing. The CNN can be composed of a plurality of convolutional layers and a plurality of pooling layers.

  After the convolutional layers and the pooling layers are alternately arranged, for example, several layers, it is preferable to arrange the total bonding layers.

  The configuration example of the neural network NN illustrated in FIG. 7A may be referred to as a recurrent neural network (RNN). In the neural network shown in FIG. 7A, since the hidden layer HL has a feedback path, the output of the hidden layer HL is input (feedback) to itself. By using the RNN, it is possible to analyze time-series data and estimate data to be acquired in the future. As the time-series data, the cycle characteristics and charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary battery are used. For example, in the neural network processing of one embodiment of the present invention, the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery can be estimated with high accuracy in some cases.

  FIG. 7B is a simplified view of RNN at time T = T (x). The weight coefficient from the input layer IL to the hidden layer HL is represented by Win, the weight coefficient from the hidden layer HL to the output layer OL is represented by Wout, and the feedback weight coefficient from the hidden layer HL is represented by Wr.

  As shown in FIG. 7C, the RNN is expanded in time so that different layers (input layers IL (1) to IL (1) to input layers IL (1) to T (x) in FIG. 7) are generated. It can be regarded as IL (x), hidden layer HL (1) to hidden layer HL (x), and output layer OL (1) to output layer OL (x). By time-expanding the RNN, it can be regarded as a forward-propagation network without a return path as shown in FIG. 7 (C).

  As the neural network, a configuration called Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM: long / short-term memory) can be used. The LSTM stores state by having a memory cell in the hidden layer in the RNN and can perform analysis, such as guessing, for a longer time.

  A configuration example of the neural network NN having a learning function will be described. FIG. 8 shows a configuration example of the neural network NN. The neural network NN is composed of a neuron circuit NC and a synapse circuit SC provided between the neuron circuits.

FIG. 8A shows a configuration example of the neuron circuit NC and the synapse circuit SC that form the neural network NN. Input data x _{1 to} x _L (L is a natural number) are input to the synapse circuit SC. Further, the synapse circuit SC has a function of storing the weight coefficient w _k (k is an integer of 1 or more and L or less). The weighting coefficient w _k corresponds to the strength of coupling between the neuron circuits NC.

When the input data x _{1 to} x _L are input to the synapse circuit SC, the product of the input data x _k input to the synapse circuit SC and the weight coefficient w _k stored in the synapse circuit SC is input to the neuron circuit NC. (X _k w _k ) is obtained by adding values (x ₁ w ₁ + x ₂ w ₂ + ... + x _L w _L ) for k = 1 to _L , that is, a product-sum operation using x _k and w _k. The specified value is supplied. When this value exceeds the threshold value θ of the neuron circuit NC, the neuron circuit NC outputs the high-level signal y. This phenomenon is called firing of the neuron circuit NC.

  FIG. 8B shows a model of a neural network NN that constitutes a hierarchical perceptron using the neuron circuit NC and the synapse circuit SC. The neural network NN has an input layer IL, a hidden layer (intermediate layer) HL, and an output layer OL.

Input data x _{1 to} x _L are output from the input layer IL. The hidden layer HL has a hidden synapse circuit HS and a hidden neuron circuit HN. The output layer OL has an output synapse circuit OS and an output neuron circuit ON.

The hidden neuron circuit HN is supplied with the value obtained by the product-sum operation using the input data x _k and the weighting coefficient w _k held in the hidden synapse circuit HS. Then, the output neuron circuit ON, the output of the hidden neuron circuit HN, the value obtained by the product-sum operation using a weight coefficient w _k held in the output synapse circuit OS is supplied. Then, the output neuron circuit ON outputs the output data y _{1 to} y _L.

As described above, the neural network NN to which the predetermined input data is given outputs the value corresponding to the weight coefficient held in the synapse circuit SC and the threshold value θ (θ _H , θ _O ) of the neuron circuit as the output data. Have the function to

  Further, the neural network NN can perform supervised learning by inputting teacher data. FIG. 8C shows a model of the neural network NN that performs supervised learning using the error back propagation method.

The error back-propagation method is a method of changing the weight coefficient of the synapse circuit so that the error between the output data of the neural network and the teacher signal becomes small. Specifically, the weighting coefficient w _k of the hidden synapse circuit HS is changed according to the error δ _O determined based on the output data y _{1 to} y _L and the teacher data t _{1 to} t _L. Further, in accordance with the change amount of the weighting coefficient w _k of the hidden synapse circuit HS, further weighting factor w _k of the preceding stage of the synapse circuit SC is changed. As described above, the neural network NN can be learned by sequentially changing the weighting factor of the synapse circuit SC based on the teacher data t _{1 to} t _L.

  8B and 8C show one hidden layer HL, the number of hidden layers HL can be two or more. Deep learning can be performed by using a neural network (deep neural network (DNN)) having two or more hidden layers HL. As a result, the accuracy of calculating the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery can be improved. Further, the accuracy of calculating the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery may be increased by an algorithm that combines deep learning and reinforcement learning (Q learning).

  As described in FIG. 7C, by expanding the RNN in time, it can be regarded as a forward propagation type network without a return path. In the forward-propagation network, the weighting coefficient can be changed based on the teacher data by using the above-mentioned error back-propagation method or the like.

  Neural network operations as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 are executed by a huge number of product-sum operations. The product-sum calculation is preferably performed by an analog product-sum calculation circuit (hereinafter referred to as APS (Analog Product-Sum circuit)). Also, the APS preferably has an analog memory. By storing the weighting coefficient obtained by learning in the analog memory, the APS can execute the sum-of-products calculation as it is as analog data. As a result, the APS can efficiently construct a neural network with a small number of transistors.

  FIG. 9 shows a configuration example of the product-sum calculation circuit. The product-sum calculation circuit MAC shown in FIG. 9 is a circuit that performs a product-sum calculation of first data held in a memory cell described later and input second data. The first data and the second data can be analog data or multi-valued data (discrete data).

  The sum-of-products arithmetic circuit MAC has a current source circuit CS, a current mirror circuit CM, a circuit WDD, a circuit WLD, a circuit CLD, an offset circuit OFST, an activation function circuit ACTV, and a memory cell array CA.

  The memory cell array CA includes a memory cell AM [1], a memory cell AM [2], a memory cell AMref [1], and a memory cell AMref [2]. The memory cell AM [1] and the memory cell AM [2] have a role of holding the first data, and the memory cell AMref [1] and the memory cell AMref [2] perform the product-sum operation. It has the function of holding required reference data. The reference data can also be analog data or multi-valued data (discrete data), like the first data and the second data.

  The memory cell array CA of FIG. 9 has two memory cells arranged in a matrix in a row direction and two memory cells arranged in a column direction. However, the memory cell array CA has three or more memory cells arranged in a row direction and columns. A configuration may be adopted in which three or more elements are arranged in a matrix in the direction. When performing multiplication instead of multiply-accumulate operation, the memory cell array CA may have a configuration in which one memory cell is arranged in the row direction and two or more memory cells are arranged in the column direction in a matrix.

  The memory cell AM [1], the memory cell AM [2], the memory cell AMref [1], and the memory cell AMref [2] each include a transistor Tr11, a transistor Tr12, and a capacitor C1. .

  Note that the transistor Tr11 is preferably an OS transistor.

  Further, by using an OS transistor for the transistor Tr12, the transistor Tr12 can be manufactured at the same time as the transistor Tr11; thus, the manufacturing process of the product-sum operation circuit can be shortened in some cases. Further, the channel formation region of the transistor Tr12 may be amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or the like instead of oxide.

  In each of the memory cell AM [1], the memory cell AM [2], the memory cell AMref [1], and the memory cell AMref [2], the first terminal of the transistor Tr11 is electrically connected to the gate of the transistor Tr12. Connected to each other. A first terminal of the transistor Tr12 is electrically connected to the wiring VR. The first terminal of the capacitive element C1 is electrically connected to the gate of the transistor Tr12.

In the memory cell AM [1], the second terminal of the transistor Tr11 is electrically connected to the wiring WD and the gate of the transistor Tr11 is electrically connected to the wiring WL [1]. The second terminal of the transistor Tr12 is electrically connected to the wiring BL, and the second terminal of the capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the wiring CL [1]. Note that in FIG. 9, in the memory cell AM [1], the connection point between the first terminal of the transistor Tr11, the gate of the transistor Tr12, and the first terminal of the capacitive element C1 is a node NM [1]. In addition, the current flowing from the wiring BL to the second terminal of the transistor Tr12 is I _{AM [1]} .

In the memory cell AM [2], the second terminal of the transistor Tr11 is electrically connected to the wiring WD and the gate of the transistor Tr11 is electrically connected to the wiring WL [2]. The second terminal of the transistor Tr12 is electrically connected to the wiring BL, and the second terminal of the capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the wiring CL [2]. Note that in FIG. 9, in the memory cell AM [2], the connection point between the first terminal of the transistor Tr11, the gate of the transistor Tr12, and the first terminal of the capacitive element C1 is a node NM [2]. In addition, the current flowing from the wiring BL to the second terminal of the transistor Tr12 is I _{AM [2]} .

In the memory cell AMref [1], the second terminal of the transistor Tr11 is electrically connected to the wiring WDref, and the gate of the transistor Tr11 is electrically connected to the wiring WL [1]. The second terminal of the transistor Tr12 is electrically connected to the wiring BLref, and the second terminal of the capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the wiring CL [1]. Note that in FIG. 9, in the memory cell AMref [1], the connection point between the first terminal of the transistor Tr11, the gate of the transistor Tr12, and the first terminal of the capacitive element C1 is a node NMref [1]. In addition, the current flowing from the wiring BLref to the second terminal of the transistor Tr12 is I _{AMref [1]} .

In the memory cell AMref [2], the second terminal of the transistor Tr11 is electrically connected to the wiring WDref, and the gate of the transistor Tr11 is electrically connected to the wiring WL [2]. The second terminal of the transistor Tr12 is electrically connected to the wiring BLref, and the second terminal of the capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the wiring CL [2]. Note that in FIG. 9, in the memory cell AMref [2], the connection point between the first terminal of the transistor Tr11, the gate of the transistor Tr12, and the first terminal of the capacitive element C1 is a node NMref [2]. In addition, the current flowing from the wiring BLref to the second terminal of the transistor Tr12 is I _{AMref [2]} .

  The node NM [1], the node NM [2], the node NMref [1], and the node NMref [2] described above function as holding nodes for the respective memory cells.

  The wiring VR causes a current to flow between the first terminal and the second terminal of each of the transistors Tr12 of the memory cell AM [1], the memory cell AM [2], the memory cell AMref [1], and the memory cell AMref [2]. It is a wiring for. Therefore, the wiring VR functions as a wiring for applying a predetermined potential. Note that in this embodiment, the potential applied by the wiring VR is a reference potential or a potential lower than the reference potential.

The current source circuit CS is electrically connected to the wiring BL and the wiring BLref. The current source circuit CS has a function of supplying a current to the wiring BL and the wiring BLref. Note that the amount of current supplied to each of the wiring BL and the wiring BLref may be different from each other. In this configuration example, the current flowing from the current source circuit CS to the wiring BL is I _C , and the current flowing from the current source circuit CS to the wiring BLref is I _Cref .

The current mirror circuit CM has a wiring IE and a wiring IEref. The wiring IE is electrically connected to the wiring BL, and in FIG. 9, a connection portion between the wiring IE and the wiring BL is illustrated as a node NP. The wiring IEref is electrically connected to the wiring BLref, and in FIG. 9, a connection portion between the wiring IEref and the wiring BLref is a node NPref. The current mirror circuit CM has a function of discharging a current corresponding to the potential of the node NPref from the node NPref of the wiring BLref to the wiring IEref and discharging the same amount of current as the current from the node NP of the wiring BL to the wiring IE. Have. Note that in FIG. 9, a current discharged from the node NP to the wiring IE and a current discharged from the node NPref to the wiring IEref are denoted as I _CM . In addition, the wiring BL, the current flowing from the current mirror circuit CM in the memory cell array CA marked _{I B,} in the wiring BLref, mark the current flowing from the current mirror circuit CM in the memory cell array CA and _{I Bref.}

  The circuit WDD is electrically connected to the wiring WD and the wiring WDref. The circuit WDD has a function of transmitting data to be stored in each memory cell included in the memory cell array CA.

  The circuit WLD is electrically connected to the wiring WL [1] and the wiring WL [2]. The circuit WLD has a function of selecting a memory cell to which data is to be written when writing data to the memory cell included in the memory cell array CA.

  The circuit CLD is electrically connected to the wiring CL [1] and the wiring CL [2]. The circuit CLD has a function of applying a potential to the second terminal of the capacitor C1 of each memory cell included in the memory cell array CA.

The circuit OFST is electrically connected to the wiring BL and the wiring OE. The circuit OFST has a function of measuring the amount of current flowing from the wiring BL to the circuit OFST and / or the amount of change in the current flowing from the wiring BL to the circuit OFST. In addition, the circuit OFST has a function of outputting the result of the measurement to the wiring OE. Note that the circuit OFST may have a structure in which the result of the measurement is directly output to the wiring OE as a current, or may be a structure in which the result of the measurement is converted into a voltage and output to the wiring OE. Note that in FIG. 9, a current flowing from the wiring BL to the circuit OFST is denoted by I _α .

  For example, the circuit OFST can be configured as shown in FIG. In FIG. 10, the circuit OFST includes a transistor Tr21, a transistor Tr22, a transistor Tr23, a capacitive element C2, and a resistive element R.

  The first terminal of the capacitor C2 is electrically connected to the wiring BL, and the first terminal of the resistance element R is electrically connected to the wiring BL. The second terminal of the capacitive element C2 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the transistor Tr21, and the first terminal of the transistor Tr21 is electrically connected to the gate of the transistor Tr22. The first terminal of the transistor Tr22 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the transistor Tr23, and the first terminal of the transistor Tr23 is electrically connected to the wiring OE. Note that a node Na is an electrical connection point between the first terminal of the capacitive element C2 and the first terminal of the resistive element R, and the second terminal of the capacitive element C2, the first terminal of the transistor Tr21, and the transistor Tr22. A node Nb is an electrical connection point between the gate and the gate.

  The second terminal of the resistance element R is electrically connected to the wiring VrefL. The second terminal of the transistor Tr21 is electrically connected to the wiring VaL, and the gate of the transistor Tr21 is electrically connected to the wiring RST. The second terminal of the transistor Tr22 is electrically connected to the wiring VDDL. The second terminal of the transistor Tr23 is electrically connected to the wiring VSSL, and the gate of the transistor Tr23 is electrically connected to the wiring VbL.

  The wiring VrefL is a wiring which gives the potential Vref, the wiring VaL is a wiring which gives the potential Va, and the wiring VbL is a wiring which gives the potential Vb. The wiring VDDL is a wiring which supplies the potential VDD, and the wiring VSSL is a wiring which supplies the potential VSS. In particular, in the configuration example of the circuit OFST here, the potential VDD is a high-level potential and the potential VSS is a low-level potential. The wiring RST is a wiring which gives a potential for switching the conductive state and the non-conductive state of the transistor Tr21.

  In the circuit OFST illustrated in FIG. 10, the transistor Tr22, the transistor Tr23, the wiring VDDL, the wiring VSSL, and the wiring VbL form a source follower circuit.

  In the circuit OFST illustrated in FIG. 10, the resistance element R and the wiring VrefL provide the node Na with a potential according to the current flowing from the wiring BL and the resistance of the resistance element R.

  An operation example of the circuit OFST shown in FIG. 10 will be described. When a first current (hereinafter referred to as a first current) flows from the wiring BL, the resistance element R and the wiring VrefL respond to the node Na with the first current and the resistance of the resistance element R. An electric potential is applied. At this time, the transistor Tr21 is turned on to apply the potential Va to the node Nb. After that, the transistor Tr21 is turned off.

Next, when a second current (hereinafter, referred to as a second current) flows from the wiring BL, the resistance element R and the wiring VrefL cause the node Na to operate as in the case where the first current flows. Is supplied with a potential according to the second current and the resistance of the resistance element R. At this time, since the node Nb is in a floating state, the potential of the node Na changes, and the potential of the node Nb also changes due to capacitive coupling. When the change in the potential of the node Na is ΔV _Na and the capacitive coupling coefficient is 1, the potential of the node Nb becomes Va + ΔV _Na . When the threshold voltage of the transistor Tr22 is V _th , the potential Va + ΔV _Na −V _th is output from the wiring OE. Here, by setting the potential Va to the threshold voltage V _th , the potential ΔV _Na can be output from the wiring OE.

The potential ΔV _Na is determined according to the amount of change from the first current to the second current, the resistance element R, and the potential Vref. Since the resistance element R and the potential Vref can be known, the amount of change in the current flowing through the wiring BL can be obtained from the potential ΔV _Na by using the circuit OFST illustrated in FIG. 10.

  The activation function circuit ACTV is electrically connected to the wiring OE and the wiring NIL. The change amount of the current measured by the circuit OFST is input to the activation function circuit ACTV via the wiring OE. The activation function circuit ACTV is a circuit that performs an operation according to a previously defined function system with respect to the amount of change in the current. As the function system, for example, a sigmoid function, a tanh function, a softmax function, a ReLU function, a threshold value function, or the like can be used, and these functions are applied as activation functions in a neural network.

<Operation example of multiply-accumulate operation circuit>
Next, an operation example of the product-sum calculation circuit MAC will be described.

FIG. 11 shows a timing chart of an operation example of the product-sum calculation circuit MAC. In the timing chart of FIG. 11, the wiring WL [1], the wiring WL [2], the wiring WD, the wiring WDref, the node NM [1], the node NM [2], the node NMref [1], from time T01 to time T09. node NMref [2], the wiring CL [1], and shows the change in the potential of the wiring CL [2], illustrates a variation of the current _I B -I _alpha, and the current _{I Bref} size. In particular, the current I _B −I _α represents the sum of currents flowing from the wiring BL to the memory cell AM [1] and the memory cell AM [2] of the memory cell array CA.

<< From time T01 to time T02 >>
During a period from time T01 to time T02, a high-level potential (denoted as High in FIG. 11) is applied to the wiring WL [1] and a low-level potential (low in FIG. 11) is applied to the wiring WL [2]. Notation) is applied. In addition, a potential higher than the ground potential (denoted as GND in FIG. 11) by V _PR −V _{W [1]} is applied to the wiring WD, and a potential higher than the ground potential by V _PR is applied to the wiring WDref. Is being applied. Further, a reference potential (denoted as REFP in FIG. 11) is applied to each of the wiring CL [1] and the wiring CL [2].

The potential V _{W [1]} is a potential corresponding to one of the first data. Further, the potential V _PR is a potential corresponding to the reference data.

At this time, a high-level potential is applied to the gates of the transistors Tr11 of the memory cell AM [1] and the memory cell AMref [1], and the transistors of the memory cell AM [1] and the memory cell AMref [1] are respectively applied. Tr11 becomes conductive, the potential of the node NM [1] becomes V _PR −V _{W [1]} , and the potential of the node NMref [1] becomes V _PR .

When the current flowing from the wiring BL to the first terminal through the second terminal of the transistor Tr12 of the memory cell AM [1] is IAM _{[1], 0} , _{IAM [1], 0} is expressed by the following equation. be able to.

Note that k is a constant determined by the channel length, the channel width, the mobility of the transistor Tr12, the capacitance of the gate insulating film, and the like. V _th is the threshold voltage of the transistor Tr12.

When the current flowing from the wiring BLref to the first terminal through the second terminal of the transistor Tr12 of the memory cell AMref [1] is I _{AMref [1], 0} , similarly, I _{AMref [1], 0} is It can be represented by a formula.

  Note that since the low-level potential is applied to the gates of the transistors Tr11 of the memory cell AM [2] and the memory cell AMref [2], the memory cell AM [2] and the memory cell AMref [2] have their respective low-level potentials applied. The transistor Tr11 becomes non-conductive. Therefore, the potential is not written to the node NM [2] and the node NMref [2].

<< From time T02 to time T03 >>
A low-level potential is applied to the wiring WL [1] from time T02 to time T03. At this time, since a low-level potential is applied to the gates of the transistors Tr11 of the memory cell AM [1] and the memory cell AMref [1], respectively, the memory cell AM [1] and the memory cell AMref [1] respectively. Transistor Tr11 becomes non-conductive.

  Further, the wiring WL [2] is continuously applied with the low-level potential before the time T02. Therefore, the transistors Tr11 of the memory cell AM [2] and the memory cell AMref [2] are in the non-conducting state before the time T02. Therefore, from time T02 to time T03, the potentials of the node NM [1], the node NM [2], the node NMref [1], and the node NMref [2] are held. By applying an OS transistor to the transistor Tr11, the leakage current flowing between the first terminal and the second terminal of the transistor Tr11 can be reduced, so that the potential of each node can be held for a long time. Since the ground potential is applied to the wiring WD and the wiring WDref and the transistor Tr11 is in a non-conducting state, application of the potential from the wiring WD and the wiring WDref changes the potential held in the node. It will not be rewritten.

<< From time T03 to time T04 >>
From time T03 to time T04, the low-level potential is applied to the wiring WL [1] and the high-level potential is applied to the wiring WL [2]. In addition, wiring to the WD is applied _V PR _{-V W [2]} greater potential than the ground potential, to the wiring WDref _{V PR} greater potential than the ground potential is applied. Further, the reference potentials are continuously applied to the wiring CL [1] and the wiring CL [2] before the time T02.

The potential V _{W [2]} is a potential corresponding to one of the first data.

At this time, since a high-level potential is applied to the gates of the transistors Tr11 of the memory cell AM [2] and the memory cell AMref [2], respectively, the memory cell AM [2] and the memory cell AMref [2] respectively. of the transistor Tr11 is turned on, and the potential of the node _{NM [2], V P R} -V W [2], the potential of the node Nmref _[2], a _{V PR.}

When the current flowing from the wiring BL to the first terminal through the second terminal of the transistor Tr12 of the memory cell AM [2] is IAM _{[2], 0} , _{IAM [2], 0} is expressed by the following equation. be able to.

When the current flowing from the wiring BLref to the first terminal through the second terminal of the transistor Tr12 of the memory cell AMref [2] is I _{AMref [2], 0} , similarly, I _{AMref [2], 0} is It can be represented by a formula.

<< From time T04 to time T05 >>
Here, a current flowing through the wiring BL and the wiring BLref from time T04 to time T05 will be described.

A current from the current source circuit CS is supplied to the wiring BLref. In addition, a current is discharged to the wiring BLref by the current mirror circuit CM, the memory cell AMref [1], and the memory cell AMref [2]. In the wiring BLref, when the current supplied from the current source circuit CS is I _Cref and the current discharged by the current mirror circuit CM is I _{CM, 0} , the following formula is established according to Kirchhoff's law.

In the wiring BL, when the current supplied from the current source circuit CS is I _{C, 0} and the current flowing from the wiring BL to the circuit OFST is I _{α, 0} , the following formula is established according to Kirchhoff's law.

<< From time T05 to time T06 >>
From time T05 to time T06, a potential higher by V _{X [1]} than the reference potential is applied to the wiring CL [1]. At this time, since the potential V _{X [1]} is applied to the second terminals of the respective capacitive elements C1 of the memory cell AM [1] and the memory cell AMref [1], the potential of the gate of the transistor Tr12 rises. .

Note that the potential V _{X [1]} is a potential corresponding to one of the second data.

  Note that the increase in the potential of the gate of the transistor Tr12 becomes a potential obtained by multiplying the potential change of the wiring CL [1] by the capacitive coupling coefficient determined by the structure of the memory cell. The capacitive coupling coefficient is calculated by the capacitance of the capacitive element C1, the gate capacitance of the transistor Tr12, and the parasitic capacitance. In this operation example, in order to avoid complexity of the description, the increase in the potential of the wiring CL [1] and the increase in the potential of the gate of the transistor Tr12 are described as the same value. This corresponds to the case where the capacitive coupling coefficient of each of the memory cell AM [1] and the memory cell AMref [1] is 1.

Since the capacitive coupling coefficient is 1, the potential V _{X [1]} is applied to the second terminals of the respective capacitive elements C1 of the memory cell AM [1] and the memory cell AMref [1], so that the node NM The potentials of [1] and the node NMref _[1] increase by V _{X [1]} , respectively.

Now, consider a current flowing from the second terminal to the first terminal of each of the transistors Tr12 of the memory cell AM [1] and the memory cell AMref [1]. When the current flowing from the wiring BL to the first terminal through the second terminal of the transistor Tr12 of the memory cell AM [1] is IAM _{[1], 1} , _{IAM [1], 1} is expressed by the following equation. be able to.

That is, by applying the potential V _{X [1]} to the wiring CL [1], the current flowing from the wiring BL to the first terminal through the second terminal of the transistor Tr12 of the memory cell AM [1] is I _{AM [ 1], 1−} I _{AM [1], 0} (in FIG. 11, written as ΔI _{AM [1]} ).

Similarly, when the current flowing from the wiring BLref to the first terminal through the second terminal of the transistor Tr12 of the memory cell AMref [1] is I _{AMref [1], 1} , I _{AMref [1], 1} is It can be represented by a formula.

That is, by applying the potential V _{X [1]} to the wiring CL [1], the current flowing from the wiring BLref to the first terminal through the second terminal of the transistor Tr12 of the memory cell AMref [1] is I _{AMref [. 1], 1−} I _{AMref [1], 0} (denoted as ΔI _{AMref [1] in} FIG. 11).

In the wiring BLref, when the current discharged by the current mirror circuit CM is I _{CM, 1} , the following formula is established according to Kirchhoff's law.

In the wiring BL, when the current flowing from the wiring BL to the circuit OFST is I _{α, 1} , the following equation is established according to Kirchhoff's law.

Note that the current I _{α, 0} flowing from the wiring BL to the wiring OFST during the period T04 to the time T05 and the current I _{α, 1} flowing from the wiring BL to the wiring OFST during the period T05 to the time T06, The difference between the two is ΔI _α . Hereinafter, ΔI _α will be referred to as the difference current in the product-sum calculation circuit MAC. The differential current ΔI _α can be expressed by the following equation using the equations (E1) to (E10).

<< From time T06 to time T07 >>
From time T06 to time T07, the reference potential is applied to the wiring CL [1]. At this time, since the reference potential is applied to the second terminals of the capacitive elements C1 of the memory cell AM [1] and the memory cell AMref [1], respectively, the node NM [1] and the node NMref [1] have the same potential. The potential returns to the potential between time T04 and time T05, respectively.

<< From time T07 to time T08 >>
From time T07 to time T08, a potential higher than the reference potential by V _{X [1]} is applied to the wiring CL [1] and a potential higher than the reference potential by V _{X [2]} is applied to the wiring CL [2]. To be done. At this time, the potential V _{X [1]} is applied to the second terminals of the capacitor C1 of the memory cell AM [1] and the memory cell AMref [1], and the memory cell AM [2] and the memory cell AMref [ 2], the potential V _{X [2]} is applied to the second terminals of the respective capacitive elements C1. Therefore, the gate potentials of the transistors Tr12 of the memory cell AM [1], the memory cell AM [2], the memory cell AMref [1], and the memory cell AMref [2] rise.

When the current flowing from the wiring BL to the first terminal via the second terminal of the transistor Tr12 of the memory cell AM [2] is IAM _{[2], 1} , _{IAM [2], 1} is expressed by the following equation. be able to.

Similarly, when the current flowing from the wiring BLref to the first terminal via the second terminal of the transistor Tr12 of the memory cell AMref [2] is I _{AMref [2], 1} , I _{AMref [2], 1} is It can be represented by a formula.

In the wiring BLref, when the current discharged by the current mirror circuit CM is I _{CM, 2} , the following formula is established according to Kirchhoff's law.

In the wiring BL, when the current flowing from the wiring BL to the circuit OFST is I _{α, 3} , the following formula is established according to Kirchhoff's law.

The difference between the current I _{α, 0} flowing from the wiring BL to the wiring OFST between the time T04 and the time T05 and the current I _{α, 3} flowing from the wiring BL to the wiring OFST during the time T07 to the time T08. The differential current ΔI _α can be expressed by the following equation using the equations (E1) to (E8) and the equations (E12) to (E15).

As shown in the equation (E16), the difference current ΔI _α input to the circuit OFST depends on the sum of the products of the plurality of first data potentials V _W and the plurality of second data potentials V _X. It will be a value. That is, the value of the sum of products of the first data and the second data can be obtained by measuring the difference current ΔI _α with the circuit OFST.

<< From time T08 to time T09 >>
From time T08 to time T09, the reference potential is applied to the wiring CL [1] and the wiring CL [2]. At this time, the reference potential is applied to the second terminals of the respective capacitive elements C1 of the memory cell AM [1], the memory cell AM [2], the memory cell AMref [1], and the memory cell AMref [2]. , The node NM [1], the node NM [2], the node NMref [1], and the node NMref [2] return to the potentials between the time T06 and the time T07, respectively.

In the period from time T05 to time T06, and applying _{V X [1]} to the wiring CL [1], during the period from time T07 to time T08, the wiring CL [1] and the wiring CL [2], each _{V X Although [1]} and V _{X [2]} are applied, the potential applied to the wiring CL [1] and the wiring CL [2] may be lower than the reference potential REFP. When a potential lower than the reference potential REFP is applied to the wiring CL [1] and / or the wiring CL [2], the memory cells connected to the wiring CL [1] and / or the wiring CL [2] The potential of the holding node can be lowered by capacitive coupling. Thereby, in the product-sum calculation, the product of the first data and one of the negative second data can be performed. For example, during the period from time T07 to time T08, the wiring CL _[2], the case of applying _{-V X [2]} rather than _{V X [2],} the differential current [Delta] I _alpha, expressed as the following formula be able to.

In the present operation example, the memory cell array CA having memory cells arranged in a matrix of 2 rows and 2 columns is dealt with, but the memory cell array having one row and two or more columns, or three rows and three columns. Similarly, the sum of products operation can be performed on the above memory cell array. The product-sum operation circuit in this case uses one of the plurality of columns as a memory cell that holds the reference data (potential V _PR ) so that the product-sum operation process is simultaneously executed in the remaining columns of the plurality of columns. be able to. That is, by increasing the number of columns of the memory cell array, it is possible to provide an arithmetic circuit that realizes high-speed product-sum arithmetic processing. Also, by increasing the number of rows, the number of terms to be added in the product-sum operation can be increased. The difference current ΔIα when the number of rows is increased can be expressed by the following equation.

  By the way, in the product-sum operation circuit described in the present embodiment, the number of rows of the memory cells AM is the number of neurons in the previous layer. In other words, the number of rows of the memory cells AM corresponds to the number of output signals of the neurons in the previous layer input to the next layer. Then, the number of columns of the memory cell AM becomes the number of neurons in the next layer. In other words, the number of columns of memory cells AM corresponds to the number of output signals of neurons output from the next layer. In other words, since the number of rows and columns of the memory cell array of the product-sum calculation circuit is determined by the number of neurons in each of the previous layer and the next layer, the number of rows and the number of columns of the memory cell array depend on the neural network to be configured. Should be set.

  Further, although an example in which the product-sum operation circuit is used to configure the neural network has been described in the present embodiment, the invention is not particularly limited, and the neural network may be configured using parallel calculation and GPU computing.

  This embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments as appropriate.

(Embodiment 3)
In this embodiment, an example of a cylindrical secondary battery will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 12A, the cylindrical secondary battery 600 has a positive electrode cap (battery lid) 601 on the upper surface and battery cans (exterior cans) 602 on the side surfaces and the bottom surface. The positive electrode cap 601 and the battery can (outer can) 602 are insulated by a gasket (insulating packing) 610.

  FIG. 12B is a diagram schematically showing a cross section of a cylindrical secondary battery. Inside the hollow cylindrical battery can 602, a battery element in which a strip-shaped positive electrode 604 and a negative electrode 606 are wound with a separator 605 sandwiched therebetween is provided. Although not shown, the battery element is wound around the center pin. The battery can 602 has one end closed and the other end open. For the battery can 602, a metal such as nickel, aluminum, or titanium having corrosion resistance to an electrolytic solution, an alloy thereof, or an alloy of these and another metal (for example, stainless steel) can be used. . Further, in order to prevent corrosion due to the electrolytic solution, it is preferable to coat with nickel or aluminum. Inside the battery can 602, the battery element in which the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator are wound is sandwiched by a pair of opposing insulating plates 608 and 609. A non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown) is injected into the battery can 602 provided with the battery element. As the non-aqueous electrolyte, the same non-aqueous electrolyte as the coin-type secondary battery can be used.

Since the positive electrode and the negative electrode used in the cylindrical storage battery are wound, it is preferable to form the active material on both surfaces of the current collector. A positive electrode terminal (positive electrode current collecting lead) 603 is connected to the positive electrode 604, and a negative electrode terminal (negative electrode current collecting lead) 607 is connected to the negative electrode 606. Both the positive electrode terminal 603 and the negative electrode terminal 607 can use a metal material such as aluminum. The positive electrode terminal 603 is resistance-welded to the safety valve mechanism 612, and the negative electrode terminal 607 is resistance-welded to the bottom of the battery can 602. The safety valve mechanism 612 is electrically connected to the positive electrode cap 601 via a PTC element (Positive Temperature Coefficient) 611. The safety valve mechanism 612 disconnects the electrical connection between the positive electrode cap 601 and the positive electrode 604 when the increase in the internal pressure of the battery exceeds a predetermined threshold value. The PTC element 611 is a PTC element whose resistance increases when the temperature rises, and limits the amount of current due to the increase in resistance to prevent abnormal heat generation. For the PTC element, barium titanate (BaTiO ₃ ) based semiconductor ceramics or the like can be used.

[Example of structure of secondary battery]
Another structural example of the secondary battery will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 13A is an external view of a coin-type (single-layer flat type) secondary battery, and FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view thereof.

  In the coin-type secondary battery 400, a positive electrode can 401 also serving as a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode can 402 also serving as a negative electrode terminal are insulated and sealed by a gasket 403 formed of polypropylene or the like. The positive electrode 404 is formed of a positive electrode current collector 405 and a positive electrode active material layer 406 provided so as to be in contact with the positive electrode current collector 405. The negative electrode 407 is formed of the negative electrode current collector 408 and the negative electrode active material layer 409 provided so as to be in contact with the negative electrode current collector 408.

  In each of the positive electrode 404 and the negative electrode 407 used for the coin-type secondary battery 400, the active material layer may be formed on only one surface.

  For the positive electrode can 401 and the negative electrode can 402, metals such as nickel, aluminum, and titanium having corrosion resistance to an electrolytic solution, or alloys thereof or alloys of these with other metals (for example, stainless steel) are used. it can. Further, in order to prevent corrosion due to the electrolytic solution, it is preferable to coat with nickel or aluminum. The positive electrode can 401 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 404, and the negative electrode can 402 is electrically connected to the negative electrode 407.

  An electrolyte is impregnated with the negative electrode 407, the positive electrode 404 and the separator 410, and the positive electrode 404, the separator 410, the negative electrode 407 and the negative electrode can 402 are laminated in this order with the positive electrode can 401 facing down, as shown in FIG. 13B. Then, the positive electrode can 401 and the negative electrode can 402 are pressure-bonded via the gasket 403 to manufacture a CR2032 type (diameter 20 mm, height 3.2 mm) coin-type secondary battery 400.

  FIG. 14A is an example showing a plurality of secondary batteries each having a wound body. In this embodiment mode, one secondary battery is provided with one switch for control. FIG. 14 shows an IC chip 999 including a switch mounted on a circuit board. The terminal 911 includes a control signal input terminal, a power supply terminal, and the like. The IC chip 999 may be provided on the back surface of the circuit board 900.

  Note that one secondary battery 913 is provided with a terminal 951 and a terminal 952 inside a housing 930 as shown in FIG. A housing 930a and a housing 930b are attached to each other in the secondary battery 913, and a wound body is provided in a region surrounded by the housings 930a and 930b.

  Further, a structural example of the secondary battery 913 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  A secondary battery 913 illustrated in FIG. 15A includes a wound body 950 provided with a terminal 951 and a terminal 952 inside a housing 930. The wound body 950 is impregnated with the electrolytic solution inside the housing 930. The terminal 952 is in contact with the housing 930, and the terminal 951 is not in contact with the housing 930 by using an insulating material or the like. Note that in FIG. 15A, the housing 930 is illustrated separately for convenience, but in reality, the wound body 950 is covered with the housing 930, and the terminals 951 and 952 are included in the housing 930. It extends out. A metal material (for example, aluminum) or a resin material can be used for the housing 930.

  Note that as illustrated in FIG. 15B, the housing 930 illustrated in FIG. 15A may be formed using a plurality of materials. For example, in a secondary battery 913 illustrated in FIG. 15B, a housing 930a and a housing 930b are attached to each other, and a wound body 950 is provided in a region surrounded by the housings 930a and 930b. .

  An insulating material such as an organic resin can be used for the housing 930a. In particular, by using a material such as an organic resin for the surface on which the antenna is formed, shielding of the electric field by the secondary battery 913 can be suppressed. Note that an antenna may be provided inside the housing 930a as long as the electric field is shielded by the housing 930a. A metal material, for example, can be used for the housing 930b.

  Further, the structure of the wound body 950 is shown in FIG. The wound body 950 includes a negative electrode 931, a positive electrode 932, and a separator 933. The wound body 950 is a wound body in which the negative electrode 931 and the positive electrode 932 are laminated with the separator 933 sandwiched therebetween and the laminated sheet is wound. Note that a plurality of negative electrodes 931, a positive electrode 932, and a separator 933 may be stacked.

  The negative electrode 931 is connected to the terminal 911 illustrated in FIG. 14A through one of the terminals 951 and 952. The positive electrode 932 is connected to the terminal 911 illustrated in FIG. 14A through the other of the terminal 951 and the terminal 952.

  By using a plurality of secondary batteries whose charging is controlled by a switch, optimal charging can be performed using a neural network, and a secondary battery 913 having a long life can be obtained.

(Embodiment 4)
In this embodiment, an example in which a plurality of secondary batteries whose charging is controlled by a switch is mounted on an electronic device will be described.

  First, as an electronic device to which a plurality of secondary batteries are applied, for example, a television device (also referred to as a television or a television receiver), a monitor for a computer, a digital camera, a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone, and the like. (Also referred to as a mobile phone or a mobile phone device), a portable game device, a portable information terminal, a sound reproducing device, a large game device such as a pachinko machine, and the like.

  Next, FIGS. 17A and 17B show an example of a tablet terminal that can be folded in two. A tablet terminal 9600 illustrated in FIGS. 17A and 17B includes a housing 9630a, a housing 9630b, a movable portion 9640 which connects the housing 9630a and the housing 9630b, a display portion 9631, and a display mode selection switch 9626. , A power switch 9627, a power saving mode changeover switch 9625, a fastener 9629, and an operation switch 9628. By using a flexible panel for the display portion 9631, a tablet terminal having a wider display portion can be obtained. 17A shows a state in which the tablet terminal 9600 is opened, and FIG. 17B shows a state in which the tablet terminal 9600 is closed.

  The tablet terminal 9600 has a plurality of power storage units 9635 inside the housings 9630a and 9630b. The power storage unit 9635 is provided over the housings 9630a and 9630b through the movable portion 9640.

  Part of the display portion 9631 can be a touch panel region, and data can be input by touching a displayed operation key. Further, the keyboard button can be displayed on the display portion 9631 by touching the position where the keyboard display switching button of the touch panel is displayed with a finger or a stylus.

  Further, the display mode changeover switch 9626 can select switching between landscape mode and portrait mode, switching between monochrome mode and color mode, and the like. The power-saving mode changeover switch 9625 can optimize the display brightness according to the amount of external light at the time of use detected by an optical sensor incorporated in the tablet terminal 9600. The tablet terminal may include not only the optical sensor but also other detection devices such as a sensor for detecting the inclination such as a gyro and an acceleration sensor.

  FIG. 17B illustrates a state in which the tablet terminal is closed, and the tablet terminal includes a housing 9630, a solar cell 9633, and a charge and discharge control circuit 9634 including a DCDC converter 9636. Further, as the power storage unit 9635, the plurality of secondary batteries of one embodiment of the present invention are used.

  Note that since the tablet terminal 9600 can be folded in two, the housing 9630a and the housing 9630b can be folded so that they overlap with each other when not in use. Since the display portion 9631 can be protected by folding, the durability of the tablet terminal 9600 can be improved. In addition, with the control system of one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of power storage units 9635 have a long life, and thus the tablet terminal 9600 which can be used for a long time over a long time can be provided.

  In addition, the tablet-type terminal shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B has a function of displaying various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.), a calendar, a date or time display unit, and the like. It is possible to have a function of displaying on, a touch input function of performing a touch input operation or editing of information displayed on the display unit, a function of controlling processing by various software (programs), and the like.

  Electric power can be supplied to the touch panel, the display portion, the video signal processing portion, or the like by the solar cell 9633 attached to the surface of the tablet terminal. Note that the solar cell 9633 can be provided on one side or both sides of the housing 9630, and the plurality of power storage units 9635 can be efficiently charged.

  The structure and operation of the charge / discharge control circuit 9634 illustrated in FIG. 17B will be described with reference to a block diagram in FIG. FIG. 17C illustrates the solar cell 9633, the power storage unit 9635, the DCDC converter 9636, the converter 9637, the switches SW1 to SW3, and the display portion 9631. The power storage unit 9635, the DCDC converter 9636, the converter 9637, and the switches SW1 to SW3. Corresponds to the charge / discharge control circuit 9634 shown in FIG.

  First, an example of operation in the case where power is generated by the solar cell 9633 by external light is described. Electric power generated by the solar cell is stepped up or down by the DCDC converter 9636 so that the electric power has a voltage for charging the power storage unit 9635. Then, when the power from the solar cell 9633 is used for the operation of the display portion 9631, the switch SW1 is turned on, and the converter 9637 steps up or down the voltage required for the display portion 9631. When display on the display portion 9631 is not performed, the switch SW1 is turned off and the switch SW2 is turned on so that the power storage unit 9635 is charged.

  Note that the solar cell 9633 is shown as an example of the power generation unit; however, the structure is not particularly limited, and the power storage unit 9635 may be charged by another power generation unit such as a piezoelectric element (piezo element) or a thermoelectric conversion element (Peltier element). It may be. For example, a non-contact power transmission module that wirelessly (contactlessly) transmits and receives electric power to charge the battery, or another charging means may be combined.

  FIG. 18 shows an example of another electronic device. In FIG. 18, a display device 8000 is an example of an electronic device in which a microprocessor (including an APS) controls charging of a plurality of secondary batteries 8004. Specifically, the display device 8000 corresponds to a display device for TV broadcast reception, and includes a housing 8001, a display portion 8002, a speaker portion 8003, a secondary battery 8004, and the like. A plurality of secondary batteries 8004 according to one embodiment of the present invention is provided inside the housing 8001. The display device 8000 can be supplied with power from a commercial power source or can use power stored in the secondary battery 8004.

  The display portion 8002 includes a liquid crystal display device, a light emitting device having a light emitting element such as an organic EL element in each pixel, an electrophoretic display device, a DMD (Digital Micromirror Device), a PDP (Plasma Display Panel), and an FED (Field Emission Display). ) Or the like, a semiconductor display device can be used.

  It should be noted that the display device includes all display devices for displaying information, such as those for receiving a TV broadcast, personal computers, and advertisements.

  The voice input device 8005 also uses a plurality of secondary batteries whose charging is controlled by switches. The voice input device 8005 has a microphone, a speaker 8007, and a plurality of sensors (an optical sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, an illuminance sensor, a motion sensor, and the like) in addition to a wireless communication element, and a word instructed by a user. Thus, other devices can be operated, for example, the power supply of the display device 8000 can be operated and the light amount of the stationary lighting device 8100 can be adjusted. The voice input device 8005 can operate a peripheral device by voice, and serves as a substitute for a manual remote controller. A voice input device 8005 is provided on a base 8006 that rotates around an axis shown by a dotted line, rotates in a direction in which a user's voice can be heard, and a built-in microphone accurately listens to a command and displays its content in a display portion 8008. Or a touch input operation of the display portion 8008 can be performed. In addition, although an example of using the platform 8006 is shown in FIG. 18, the invention is not particularly limited, and the voice input device 8005 may be provided with wheels or mechanical moving means to move to a desired position. It may be fixed without being provided.

  In FIG. 18, a lighting device 8100 is an example of an electronic device including a plurality of secondary batteries 8103 whose charging is controlled by switches. Specifically, the lighting device 8100 includes a housing 811, a light source 8102, a secondary battery 8103, and the like. Although FIG. 18 illustrates the case where the secondary battery 8103 is provided inside the ceiling 8104 in which the housing 8101 and the light source 8102 are installed, the plurality of secondary batteries 8103 are inside the housing 8101. May be provided in. The lighting device 8100 can be supplied with power from a commercial power source or can use power stored in the secondary battery 8103.

  Note that although the lighting device 8100 provided on the ceiling 8104 is illustrated in FIG. 18, a plurality of secondary batteries whose charging is controlled by a switch is provided on a side wall 8105, a floor 8106, a window 8107, or the like other than the ceiling 8104. It can also be used for a fixed lighting device, a desktop lighting device, or the like.

  As the light source 8102, an artificial light source that artificially obtains light by using electric power can be used. Specifically, an incandescent lamp, a discharge lamp such as a fluorescent lamp, and a light emitting element such as an LED and an organic EL element are given as examples of the artificial light source.

  In FIG. 18, an air conditioner including an indoor unit 8200 and an outdoor unit 8204 is an example of an electronic device including a plurality of secondary batteries 8203 whose charging is controlled by switches. Specifically, the indoor unit 8200 includes a housing 8201, a ventilation port 8202, a secondary battery 8203, and the like. Although FIG. 18 illustrates the case where the secondary battery 8203 is provided in the indoor unit 8200, the secondary battery 8203 may be provided in the outdoor unit 8204. Alternatively, the secondary battery 8203 may be provided in both the indoor unit 8200 and the outdoor unit 8204. The air conditioner can be supplied with power from a commercial power source or can use power stored in the secondary battery 8203.

  Although FIG. 18 exemplifies a separate type air conditioner composed of an indoor unit and an outdoor unit, an integrated type air conditioner having the function of the indoor unit and the function of the outdoor unit in one housing is provided. Alternatively, a plurality of secondary batteries whose charging is controlled by a switch can be used.

  In FIG. 18, an electric refrigerator-freezer 8300 is an example of an electronic device including a plurality of secondary batteries 8304 whose charging is controlled by a switch. Specifically, the electric refrigerator-freezer 8300 includes a housing 8301, a refrigerator compartment door 8302, a freezer compartment door 8303, a secondary battery 8304, and the like. In FIG. 18, a plurality of secondary batteries 8304 are provided inside the housing 8301. The electric refrigerator-freezer 8300 can be supplied with power from a commercial power source and can also use power stored in the secondary battery 8304.

  In addition, when the electronic device is not used, particularly when the ratio of the amount of power actually used (called the power usage rate) to the total amount of power that can be supplied by the commercial power source is low, By storing the electric power in the secondary battery, it is possible to prevent the power usage rate from increasing outside the above time period. For example, in the case of the electric refrigerator-freezer 8300, power is stored in the secondary battery 8304 at night when the temperature is low and the refrigerator compartment door 8302 and the freezer compartment door 8303 are not opened or closed. Then, by using the secondary battery 8304 as an auxiliary power source during the daytime when the temperature rises and the refrigerator compartment door 8302 and the freezer compartment door 8303 are opened and closed, the power usage rate during the daytime can be kept low.

  In addition to the electronic devices described above, a plurality of secondary batteries whose charging is controlled by a switch can be mounted on any electronic device. This embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with any of the other embodiments.

(Embodiment 5)
In this embodiment, an example in which a plurality of secondary batteries whose charging is controlled by a switch which is one embodiment of the present invention is mounted in a vehicle will be described.

  When the secondary battery is mounted on a vehicle, a next-generation clean energy vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle (HEV), an electric vehicle (EV), or a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) can be realized. Since the position of the center of gravity of the vehicle as a whole may change if the weight of the secondary battery is unbalanced, it is desirable to arrange a plurality of secondary batteries at optimal positions so that the center of gravity of the vehicle is as designed. When a plurality of secondary batteries are arranged at various places, the secondary battery may be affected by heat generation of devices arranged around a certain secondary battery and deteriorate more than other secondary batteries. The present invention is effective when a plurality of secondary batteries different in the progress of such deterioration are arranged.

  FIG. 19 illustrates a vehicle including a plurality of secondary batteries whose charging is controlled by a switch which is one embodiment of the present invention. A vehicle 8400 illustrated in FIG. 19A is an electric vehicle that uses an electric motor as a power source for traveling. Alternatively, it is a hybrid vehicle in which an electric motor and an engine can be appropriately selected and used as a power source for traveling. By using one embodiment of the present invention, a long life of a secondary battery mounted in a vehicle can be achieved. Further, the automobile 8400 has a battery pack 8402. As the battery pack 8402, many small cylindrical secondary batteries shown in FIG. 12 may be arranged and used on the floor portion inside the vehicle. Further, a battery pack in which a plurality of secondary batteries shown in FIG. 13 are combined may be installed on the floor portion inside the vehicle. In FIG. 19A, the battery pack 8402 can not only drive the electric motor 8406 but also supply power to a light-emitting device such as a headlight 8401 or a room light (not shown). Further, a photoelectric conversion element 8405 is provided in a ceiling portion of the automobile 8400, and the emitted light can be photoelectrically converted and stored in the battery pack 8402.

  In addition, the battery pack 8402 can supply power to a display device such as a speedometer or a tachometer included in the automobile 8400. In addition, the battery pack 8402 can supply power to a display device such as a navigation system included in the automobile 8400. Further, a sensor 8403 may be provided instead of the side mirror, and an image obtained by the sensor 8403 may be projected and displayed on part of the windshield 8404. Further, the image obtained by the sensor 8403 may be displayed on the display device inside the vehicle.

  An automobile 8500 illustrated in FIG. 19B can be charged by being supplied with power from an external charging facility to a plurality of secondary batteries included in the automobile 8500 by a plug-in method, a contactless power feeding method, or the like. FIG. 19B shows a state in which a charging device 8021 installed on the ground is charging a secondary battery 8024 mounted on an automobile 8500 via a cable 8022. At the time of charging, the charging method, the connector standard, and the like may be appropriately performed by a predetermined method such as CHAdeMO (registered trademark) or a combo. The charging device 8021 may be a charging station provided in a commercial facility or may be a home power source. For example, with the plug-in technology, the secondary battery 8024 mounted on the automobile 8500 can be charged by external power supply. Charging can be performed by converting AC power into DC power through a converter such as an ACDC converter included in the charging device 8021. Further, in the case of an automobile 8500 equipped with a charging ACDC converter 8025, charging can be performed even if an AC power supply is connected.

  Although not shown, a power receiving device may be mounted on the vehicle and electric power may be supplied from the power transmitting device on the ground in a contactless manner for charging. In the case of this contactless power feeding method, by incorporating a power transmission device on a road or an outer wall, charging can be performed not only when the vehicle is stopped but also when the vehicle is running. Moreover, you may transmit and receive electric power between vehicles using this non-contact electric power feeding system. Furthermore, a solar cell may be provided on the exterior of the vehicle to charge the secondary battery when the vehicle is stopped or running. For such non-contact power supply, an electromagnetic induction method or a magnetic field resonance method can be used.

  FIG. 19C is an example of a two-wheeled vehicle using a plurality of secondary batteries whose charging is controlled by switches. A scooter 8600 illustrated in FIG. 19C includes a secondary battery 8602, a side mirror 8601, and a direction indicator light 8603. The secondary battery 8602 can supply electricity to the direction indicator light 8603.

  The scooter 8600 shown in FIG. 19C can store a plurality of secondary batteries 8602 in the under-seat storage 8604. The secondary battery 8602 can be stored in the under-seat storage 8604 even if the under-seat storage 8604 is small. The secondary battery 8602 is removable, and when charging, the secondary battery 8602 may be carried indoors, charged, and stored before traveling.

  FIG. 20A is an example of an electric bicycle in which a plurality of secondary batteries whose charging is controlled by switches are used for a battery pack. The electric bicycle 8700 illustrated in FIG. 20A includes a battery pack 8702. The battery pack 8702 can supply electricity to a motor that assists the driver. In addition, the battery pack 8702 can be carried and FIG. 20B shows a state where the battery pack 8702 is detached from the electric bicycle. Further, the battery pack 8702 has a plurality of laminated secondary batteries 8701 incorporated therein, and the remaining capacity of the secondary batteries can be displayed on the display portion 8703. When a plurality of secondary batteries are incorporated, each has a switch, a charge control device, and a protection circuit.

(Embodiment 6)
An electronic device and an input system of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The electronic device can be used as a head mounted display (HMD).

<Appearance>
FIG. 21A is an example of an external appearance of the electronic device when viewed from above the user wearing the electronic device (here, HMD), and FIG. 21B is a block diagram.

  The electronic device (HMD) includes at least imaging devices 120a and 120b, detection devices 130a and 130b, integrated circuits 140a and 140b, secondary batteries 141a and 141b, and display devices 150a and 150b.

  The imaging devices 120a and 120b, the detection devices 130a and 130b, the integrated circuits 140a and 140b, the secondary batteries 141a and 141b, and the display devices 150a and 150b can be provided in the housing 110, for example, and are electrically connected to each other. ing.

  In the housing 110, the display devices 150a and 150b and the imaging devices 120a and 120b are provided so as to face the respective eyes of the user who wears them. In FIG. 21B, the power from the secondary battery 141a is supplied to the integrated circuit 140a, the imaging device 120a, the detection device 130a, and the display device 150a via the switch 142a. Further, the power from the secondary battery 141b is supplied to the integrated circuit 140b, the imaging device 120b, the detection device 130b, and the display device 150b via the switch 142b.

  The integrated circuit 140a collects information on the secondary battery 141a, analyzes the degree of deterioration using the first neural network, and charges the secondary battery 141a under optimal charging conditions. Similarly, the integrated circuit 140b collects information on the secondary battery 141b, analyzes the degree of deterioration using the second neural network, and charges the secondary battery 141b under optimal charging conditions. The integrated circuits 140a and 140b have a memory that stores charge / discharge characteristic data that correlates with SOC.

  As the imaging devices 120a and 120b, a camera having an imaging element capable of imaging the shape of the pupil can be used. Since the contour of the portion where the black eye and the white eye are exposed from the eyelid has a clear contour, the shape can be detected without using a high-performance image pickup element.

  The detection devices 130a and 130b detect changes in the shape of the pupil based on the shape of the pupil imaged by the imaging devices 120a and 120b. For example, a change in the shape of the pupil is detected from the information on the boundary between the eyelid and the sclera (white eye) or the boundary between the eyelid and the cornea (for example, black eye). Note that the detection of the change in the pupil shape by the detection devices 130a and 130b involves image processing and calculation processing, and thus may be referred to as calculation of the change in the pupil shape.

  Further, the integrated circuits 140a and 140b may generate display data based on the setting change according to the change of the pupil shape. Alternatively, the integrated circuits 140a and 140b generate display data based on the change of the setting according to the movement of the head and the change of the shape of the pupil. The display data may be generated by a circuit such as a processor. In addition, the integrated circuits 140a and 140b may generate display data of images displayed on the display devices 150a and 150b, which makes the user less likely to get drunk.

  In FIG. 21, an image sensor capable of capturing the pupil shape is shown as an example, but other sensor elements such as a triaxial acceleration sensor may be used.

  As the display devices 150a and 150b, an EL display device, a liquid crystal display device, or a micro LED display device can be used. A display device in which the display surface is spherical and the display surface can be arranged so as to cover the eyeball is preferable. Further, an optical system may be provided between the display devices 150a and 150b and the eyeball. 21, in addition to the housing 110, the eyeball 160 of the user, the speaker portion 161, and the fixtures 162 and 163 are illustrated. The speaker unit 161, and the fixtures 162 and 163 are for fixing the housing 110 to the head. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the band-shaped fixing tool, but may be another configuration.

  With the above structure, the difference in performance deterioration between the plurality of secondary batteries can be reduced by the integrated circuit during charging, and the imbalance between the secondary batteries can be reduced. Further, when the image is displayed by mounting it on the user's head, the brightness can be adjusted by the integrated circuit so that the display is optimal for each display device.

(Embodiment 7)
In this embodiment, an example of the eyeglass-type device is shown in FIG.

  The eyeglass-type device 7110 has a secondary battery 7101 in each of the left and right temple portions (portions arranged along the user's temporal region when worn).

  For example, when a large number of parts including a secondary battery are arranged on the front part of the eyeglass-type device 7110, the weight balance may be deteriorated. Therefore, by disposing the secondary battery 7101 in the temple portion, the eyeglass-type device 7110 can be comfortably used and has a weight balance. Also, when using a smartphone to fit into a frame to make an HMD, the weight of the smartphone and its battery is heavy, and the smartphone is placed away from the head, so when you turn your neck, you feel more weight due to centrifugal force. . On the other hand, according to the present embodiment, the two secondary batteries are dispersed in two places and are installed at positions closer to the head, so that the structure can be made to feel less weight.

  The glasses-type device 7110 may include a terminal portion 7104. The secondary battery 7101 can be charged from the terminal portion 7104. In addition, the secondary batteries 7101 are preferably electrically connected to each other. Since the secondary batteries 7101 are electrically connected to each other, the two secondary batteries 7101 can be charged from one terminal portion 7104.

  In addition, the eyeglass-type device 7110 may include a display portion 7112. Further, it may have a control unit 7103 including a microprocessor capable of performing a neural network operation. The control unit 7103 can control charge / discharge of the secondary battery 7101 and generate image data to be displayed on the display unit 7112. By mounting a chip having a wireless communication function on the control portion 7103, data can be transmitted and received to and from the outside. Furthermore, an external display unit 7112 may be attached to form a multi-display.

  The present invention is not limited to electronic devices worn on the head of a user.

  It can be applied to unmanned vehicles (typically also called unmanned aerial vehicles and drones) that use multiple secondary batteries with emphasis on weight balance, small robots, artificial satellites, space probes and planetary probes. An example of an unmanned aerial vehicle is shown in FIG.

  The unmanned aerial vehicle 7300 has a plurality of rotors 7302, a plurality of secondary batteries 7301, a control unit 7304 including a microprocessor capable of performing neural network calculation, a camera 7303, and an antenna (not shown). The unmanned aerial vehicle 7300 can be remotely controlled via an antenna. The plurality of secondary batteries 7301 are arranged in a well-balanced manner, and the control unit 7304 can perform the inspection of the degree of deterioration thereof and the control of adjusting the charging / discharging condition according to the deterioration, and the plurality of secondary batteries 7301 can be efficiently used. Can be used well and have a long life. Since there are four propellers, four secondary batteries are also arranged in consideration of balance, but in FIG. 22B, only two of the four secondary batteries are shown by dotted lines.

  Even in an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid vehicle (HEV) having both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, and a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV), the position of the center of gravity of the vehicle as a whole may change if the weight is uneven due to the placement of the secondary battery. Therefore, it is desirable to dispose a plurality of secondary batteries at optimal positions so that the center of gravity of the vehicle is as designed. When a plurality of secondary batteries are arranged at various places, they may be affected by heat generation of peripheral devices arranged in a certain secondary battery and deteriorate more than other secondary batteries. The present invention is effective when a plurality of secondary batteries different in the progress of such deterioration are arranged.

100: electronic equipment, 110: housing, 120a: imaging device, 120b: imaging device, 130a: detection device, 130b: detection device, 140a: integrated circuit, 140b: integrated circuit, 141a: secondary battery, 141b: secondary Battery, 142a: Switch, 142b: Switch, 150a: Display device, 150b: Display device, 160: Eyeball, 161: Speaker part, 162: Fixing device, 163: Fixing device 301a secondary battery, 301b secondary battery, 302 step-up voltage Converter, 303 Inverter, 304: Regenerative brake emphasis control valve, 305: Motor, 306: Tire, 307 Power generation engine, 308 Power generation motor, 311a switch, 311b switch, 311c switch, 311d: Power generation switch, 311e: Power generation Switch, 311f: power generation switch, 400: secondary battery, 401: positive electrode can, 402: negative electrode can, 403: gasket, 404: positive electrode, 405: positive electrode current collector, 406: positive electrode active material layer, 407: negative electrode, 408: negative electrode current collector, 409 : Negative electrode active material layer, 410: separator, 512: semiconductor layer, 600: secondary battery, 601: positive electrode cap, 602: battery can, 603: positive electrode terminal, 604: positive electrode, 605: separator, 606: negative electrode, 607: Negative electrode terminal, 608: insulating plate, 609: insulating plate, 611: PTC element, 612: safety valve mechanism, 900: circuit board, 911: terminal, 913: secondary battery, 930: housing, 930a: housing, 930b: Case, 931: Negative electrode, 932: Positive electrode, 933: Separator, 950: Winding body, 951: Terminal, 952: Terminal, 999: IC chip, 7101: Secondary battery, 710 : Control unit, 7104: terminal unit, 7110: glasses type device, 7112: display unit, 7300: unmanned aerial vehicle, 7301: secondary battery, 7302: rotor, 7303: camera 8000: display device, 8001: housing, 8002: Display unit, 8003: speaker unit, 8004: secondary battery, 8005: audio input device, 8006: stand, 8007: speaker, 8008: display unit, 8021: charging device, 8022: cable, 8024: secondary battery, 8025: ACDC converter for charging, 8100: lighting device, 8101: housing, 8102: light source, 8103: secondary battery, 8104: ceiling, 8105: side wall, 8106: floor, 8107: window, 8200: indoor unit, 8201: housing , 8202: blower port, 8203: secondary battery, 8204: outdoor unit, 8300: electric refrigeration / cooling Storage, 8301: housing, 8302: door for refrigerating room, 8303: door for freezing room, 8304: secondary battery, 8400: automobile, 8401: headlight, 8402: battery pack, 8403: sensor, 8404: windshield, 8405: photoelectric conversion element, 8406: electric motor, 8500: automobile, 8600: scooter, 8601: side mirror, 8602: secondary battery, 8603: direction indicator light, 8604: under seat storage, 8700: electric bicycle, 8701: two Next battery, 8702: Battery pack, 8703: Display unit, 9600: Tablet type terminal, 9625: Switch, 9626: Switch, 9627: Power switch, 9628: Operation switch, 9629: Fastener, 9630: Housing, 9630a: Housing. Body, 9630b: housing, 9631: display portion, 9633: solar power Pond, 9634: charge / discharge control circuit, 9635: power storage unit, 9636: DCDC converter, 9637: converter, 9640: movable part

Claims (17)

An integrated circuit,
A first secondary battery,
A second secondary battery,
Charging / discharging is performed on one secondary battery in a range where the charging rate is 1% or more and 100% or less,
The integrated circuit performs deterioration analysis of the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery using a neural network;
The integrated circuit detects the secondary battery with the greater degree of deterioration,
A charge control system that charges a rechargeable battery with a larger degree of deterioration under a charging condition that provides a charge rate within a narrower range than a rechargeable battery with a smaller degree of deterioration. In claim 1,
The first secondary battery is electrically connected to the first switch,
The second secondary battery is electrically connected to the second switch,
The charge control system in which the first switch and the second switch are controlled by the integrated circuit.   The charge control system according to claim 1, wherein the integrated circuit includes a transistor including an oxide semiconductor.   The rechargeable battery having a larger degree of deterioration is stopped from charging so as not to be in a fully charged state, and the rechargeable battery having a smaller degree of deterioration maintains a fully charged state. Charge control system to do.   In Claim 1 or Claim 2, the secondary battery with the larger degree of deterioration stops discharging so that the charging rate does not become less than 30% during discharging, and the secondary battery with the smaller degree of deterioration is A charge control system that discharges until the charge rate reaches less than 30%.   The charge control system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the charge condition is determined using a second neural network. Diagnosis of deterioration degree of the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery,
Of the first secondary battery and the second secondary battery, a switch connected to one of the batteries, which is less deteriorated, is turned on to bring the battery into a fully charged state under the first charging condition,
A switch connected to the other battery, which is greatly deteriorated, is turned on to start charging under a second charging condition different from the first charging condition and stop charging within a range of charging rate of 50% to 80%. , A charging control method for recording charging history.   The charge control method according to claim 7, wherein the deterioration degree diagnosis is performed by a first neural network process.   9. The charge control method according to claim 7, wherein the second charge condition is determined by a second neural network process. A first display area, a second display area, an integrated circuit, a first secondary battery, and a second secondary battery,
The integrated circuit performs deterioration analysis of the first secondary battery or the second secondary battery using a neural network;
An electronic device that charges a rechargeable battery with a larger degree of deterioration in a range with a smaller charging rate than a rechargeable battery with a smaller degree of deterioration. In Claim 10, The said 1st secondary battery is electrically connected with a 1st switch,
The second secondary battery is electrically connected to the second switch,
An electronic device in which the first switch and the second switch are controlled by the integrated circuit.   The electronic device according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the integrated circuit has a memory. A first display area, a second display area, a first integrated circuit, a second integrated circuit, a first secondary battery, and a second secondary battery,
The first secondary battery is electrically connected to the first switch, the second secondary battery is electrically connected to the second switch, and the first switch is the first switch. The electronic device controlled by the integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the second switch is controlled by the second integrated circuit.   The electronic device according to claim 11, which includes a transistor including an oxide semiconductor.   The electronic device according to claim 11 or 13, further comprising an imaging device having a function of imaging the pupil.   The electronic device according to claim 13, wherein the first integrated circuit includes a memory. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the first integrated circuit performs deterioration analysis of the first secondary battery using a first neural network,
The second integrated circuit performs deterioration analysis of the second secondary battery using a second neural network;
An electronic device that charges a rechargeable battery with a larger degree of deterioration in a range with a smaller charging rate than a rechargeable battery with a smaller degree of deterioration.

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