JPWO2017110781A1 - Beverage and production method thereof - Google Patents
Beverage and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2017110781A1 JPWO2017110781A1 JP2017558141A JP2017558141A JPWO2017110781A1 JP WO2017110781 A1 JPWO2017110781 A1 JP WO2017110781A1 JP 2017558141 A JP2017558141 A JP 2017558141A JP 2017558141 A JP2017558141 A JP 2017558141A JP WO2017110781 A1 JPWO2017110781 A1 JP WO2017110781A1
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- hollow fiber
- fiber membrane
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- water
- membrane module
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- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020124 milk-based beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014214 soft drink Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000013353 coffee beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000016213 coffee Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- YCCILVSKPBXVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 YCCILVSKPBXVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000533293 Sesbania emerus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005764 Theobroma cacao ssp. cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005767 Theobroma cacao ssp. sphaerocarpum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000001046 cacaotero Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- DBLDQZASZZMNSL-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosinol Natural products OC[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 DBLDQZASZZMNSL-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020279 black tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014171 carbonated beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015140 cultured milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009569 green tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020333 oolong tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013441 quality evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013322 soy milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004330 tyrosol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
Abstract
中空糸膜モジュールを用い、樹脂臭を抑えつつ、且つ水中の溶存気体を脱気する、飲料の製造方法、および、樹脂臭を抑えつつ、且つ溶存気体を脱気した水を含む、飲料を提供する。さらに詳しくは、中空糸膜モジュールを用いて水から溶存気体を脱気する工程を有する飲料の製造方法であって、前記中空糸膜モジュールに用いられる中空糸膜がスキン層と多孔質層とを有し、かつ、スキン層が水と接液することを特徴とする飲料の製造方法。および、中空糸膜モジュールを用いて溶存気体が脱気された水を含む飲料であって、前記中空糸膜モジュールに用いられる中空糸膜がスキン層と多孔質層とを有し、かつ、スキン層が水と接液することを特徴とする飲料を提供する。A beverage production method using a hollow fiber membrane module, which suppresses resin odor and degassed dissolved gas in water, and a beverage containing water from which dissolved gas is degassed while suppressing resin odor To do. More specifically, a method for producing a beverage having a step of degassing dissolved gas from water using a hollow fiber membrane module, wherein the hollow fiber membrane used in the hollow fiber membrane module comprises a skin layer and a porous layer. A method for producing a beverage comprising: having a skin layer in contact with water. And a beverage containing water from which dissolved gas has been degassed using a hollow fiber membrane module, wherein the hollow fiber membrane used in the hollow fiber membrane module has a skin layer and a porous layer, and the skin Provided is a beverage characterized in that the layer is in contact with water.
Description
本発明は、中空糸膜モジュールを用いて水を脱気する脱気工程を有する飲料の製造方法および当該製造方法を用いて製造された飲料に関する。 The present invention relates to a beverage production method having a deaeration process for deaeration of water using a hollow fiber membrane module and a beverage produced using the production method.
飲料中の溶存酸素は、コーヒー飲料や茶飲料などの原料を抽出して得られる飲料（以下「原料抽出飲料」という。）はもちろん、その他の清涼飲料や果汁飲料などにおいても、製造時の加熱殺菌や製造後の時間経過によって濁りの発生や香味低下の原因となる。 Dissolved oxygen in beverages is not limited to beverages obtained by extracting raw materials such as coffee beverages and tea beverages (hereinafter referred to as “raw material-extracted beverages”), but also other soft drinks and fruit juice beverages. It causes turbidity and a decrease in flavor with the lapse of time after sterilization and production.
そこで従来、例えばコーヒーなどの飲料中の溶存酸素濃度を低下させるために脱気処理水に着目し、より一層美味しく、かつ、長期保存してもより品質の安定した飲料をより効率的に製造することを目的として、イオン交換樹脂と真空脱気により脱気イオン交換処理水を製造し、これを用いて飲料を製造する方法も知られている（特許文献１参照）。 Therefore, conventionally, for example, in order to reduce the dissolved oxygen concentration in beverages such as coffee, attention has been focused on deaerated treated water, and beverages that are more delicious and more stable in quality even after long-term storage are produced more efficiently. For this purpose, a method of producing deaerated ion exchange treated water by ion exchange resin and vacuum deaeration and producing a beverage using this is also known (see Patent Document 1).
しかし、当該方法は溶存酸素を中空糸膜を用いた脱気モジュールで脱気することについては、具体的な記載がなく、このため通常の多孔質膜を有する中空糸膜を用いた脱気モジュールで脱気すると、水と樹脂製の多孔質層とが接液することで、樹脂臭が移り香として残るという問題があった。 However, there is no specific description about degassing dissolved oxygen with a degassing module using a hollow fiber membrane in the method, and therefore, a degassing module using a hollow fiber membrane having a normal porous membrane. When degassing, the water and the resin porous layer come into contact with each other, thereby causing a problem that the resin odor is transferred and remains as a scent.
そこで本発明が解決しようとする課題は、中空糸膜モジュールを用い、樹脂臭を抑えつつ、且つ水中の溶存気体を脱気する、飲料の製造方法、および、樹脂臭を抑えつつ、且つ溶存気体を脱気した水を含む、飲料を提供することにある。 Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to use a hollow fiber membrane module to suppress the resin odor and degas the dissolved gas in the water, and to produce a beverage, while suppressing the resin odor and the dissolved gas. It is to provide a beverage containing degassed water.
本願発明者らは種々の検討を行った結果、スキン層が水と接液する中空糸膜モジュールを用いることで、樹脂臭を抑えつつ、且つ水中の溶存気体を脱気した水（以下、処理水ということがある）が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of various studies, the inventors of the present invention have used a hollow fiber membrane module in which the skin layer is in contact with water, thereby suppressing the resin odor and degassing the dissolved gas in water (hereinafter, treated). The present invention has been completed.
すなわち、本発明は、中空糸膜モジュールを用いて水から溶存気体を脱気する工程を有する飲料の製造方法であって、前記中空糸膜モジュールに用いられる中空糸膜がスキン層と多孔質層とを有し、かつ、スキン層が水と接液することを特徴とする飲料の製造方法に関する。 That is, the present invention is a method for producing a beverage having a step of degassing dissolved gas from water using a hollow fiber membrane module, wherein the hollow fiber membrane used in the hollow fiber membrane module comprises a skin layer and a porous layer. And a skin layer is in contact with water.
また、本発明は、中空糸膜モジュールを用いて溶存気体が脱気された水を含む飲料であって、前記中空糸膜モジュールに用いられる中空糸膜がスキン層と多孔質層とを有し、かつ、スキン層が水と接液することを特徴とする飲料に関する。 The present invention is also a beverage containing water from which dissolved gas has been degassed using a hollow fiber membrane module, wherein the hollow fiber membrane used in the hollow fiber membrane module has a skin layer and a porous layer. In addition, the present invention relates to a beverage characterized in that a skin layer is in contact with water.
本発明によれば、中空糸膜モジュールを用い、樹脂臭を抑えつつ、且つ水中の溶存気体を脱気する、飲料の製造方法、および、樹脂臭を抑えつつ、且つ溶存気体を脱気した水を含む、飲料を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, a hollow fiber membrane module is used to suppress the resin odor and degas the dissolved gas in the water, and the beverage production method, and the water that suppresses the resin odor and degass the dissolved gas. A beverage can be provided.
以下、本発明について詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施形態例のみに限定されるものではない。また、本発明の飲料の製造方法において、飲料を製造するまでの工程は周知なため、概略のみ説明し、詳細は省略する。 Hereinafter, although the present invention is explained in detail, the present invention is not limited only to these embodiment examples. Further, in the method for producing a beverage of the present invention, since the steps until the beverage is produced are well known, only the outline will be described and the details will be omitted.
はじめに、コーヒー飲料や茶類などの原料抽出飲料を例に、好ましい製造方法について説明する。まず、脱気工程を経て得られた処理水を１０〜５０℃の範囲、好ましくは２０〜４０℃の範囲に加熱した後、コーヒー豆や茶葉と接触させて抽出液を得る。得られた抽出液に１０〜５０℃の範囲、特に２０〜４０℃の範囲の前記処理水を加えて所望の濃度に希釈化、調合し、これを容器に密封するようにして製造すればよい。また、原料抽出飲料以外の飲料では、まず、脱気工程を経て得られた処理水を１０〜５０℃の範囲、特に２０〜４０℃の範囲とし、飲料原料に加えて所望の濃度に希釈化、調合し、これを容器に密封するようにして製造すればよい。いずれの飲料の製造方法においても、希釈化、調合の際に、甘味料、着色剤、ミネラル、酸化防止剤、保存剤などの不揮発性成分を必要に応じ混合することができる。 First, a preferable production method will be described by taking a raw material extracted beverage such as a coffee beverage or tea as an example. First, the treated water obtained through the degassing step is heated to a range of 10 to 50 ° C., preferably 20 to 40 ° C., and then contacted with coffee beans or tea leaves to obtain an extract. What is necessary is just to manufacture by adding the said process water of the range of 10-50 degreeC to the obtained extract, especially the range of 20-40 degreeC, diluting and preparing to a desired density | concentration, and sealing this to a container. . For beverages other than raw material extracted beverages, first, the treated water obtained through the deaeration process is set to a range of 10 to 50 ° C., particularly 20 to 40 ° C., and diluted to a desired concentration in addition to the beverage ingredients. It can be prepared by mixing and sealing it in a container. In any beverage production method, non-volatile components such as sweeteners, colorants, minerals, antioxidants and preservatives can be mixed as needed during dilution and preparation.
本発明において飲料を製造する際は、製造段階での酸化を防ぎ、かかる飲料中の溶存酸素濃度を低下させるために不活性ガス雰囲気、好ましくは窒素雰囲気下で行うことが好ましい。 When producing a beverage in the present invention, it is preferable to carry out in an inert gas atmosphere, preferably a nitrogen atmosphere, in order to prevent oxidation at the production stage and reduce the dissolved oxygen concentration in the beverage.
本発明における脱気工程は、濾過装置を経て得られた水を、脱気装置に送り、溶存気体を除去する。脱気後の水中の溶存酸素量は０．０１〜１０ｐｐｍの範囲であることが好ましく、さらに０．５〜４ｐｐｍの範囲であることがより好ましい。本発明に用いることのできる脱気装置としては、内部環流型中空糸膜モジュールや外部環流型中空糸膜モジュールが挙げられ、当該モジュールを用いて、中空糸膜モジュール内を流れる水から溶存気体を脱気する。この内、外部環流型中空糸膜モジュールは、内部環流型中空糸膜モジュールよりも脱気効率に優れ、且つ水の流動圧力損失を極めて低水準に抑えることが可能であり、特に多量の水を脱気処理する場合に最も好ましいだけでなく、より樹脂臭を低減できるため好ましい。 In the deaeration step in the present invention, the water obtained through the filtration device is sent to the deaeration device to remove dissolved gas. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the water after deaeration is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10 ppm, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 4 ppm. Examples of the deaeration device that can be used in the present invention include an internal recirculation type hollow fiber membrane module and an external recirculation type hollow fiber membrane module. The module is used to remove dissolved gas from water flowing in the hollow fiber membrane module. Deaerate. Of these, the outer recirculation type hollow fiber membrane module has better degassing efficiency than the inner recirculation type hollow fiber membrane module, and can suppress the flow pressure loss of water to a very low level. Not only is it most preferable when performing a deaeration process, but it is preferable because the resin odor can be further reduced.
本発明に用いる中空糸膜モジュールに使用する中空糸膜は、膜構造が、少なくともスキン層（緻密層）、細孔を有する層（多孔質層）とが積層しているものであれば、通常、脱気モジュールとして用いられるものを制限なく使用できるが、さらに以下のものが好適に用いられる。 The hollow fiber membrane used in the hollow fiber membrane module used in the present invention is usually provided that the membrane structure is a laminate of at least a skin layer (dense layer) and a layer having a pore (porous layer). Although what is used as a deaeration module can be used without a restriction | limiting, the following are used suitably.
本発明に用いる中空糸膜の素材は、疎水性の高い素材よりなる膜が好ましく、例えばポリ（４−メチルペンテン−１）樹脂等のポリオレフィン系樹脂が好ましい。また膜構造は、少なくともスキン層（緻密層）と、細孔を有する層（多孔質層）とが積層していれば特に限定されるものではないが、好ましくはスキン層（緻密層）と細孔を有する支持層（多孔質層）とが積層した不均質膜であることが好ましく、さらに、外側にスキン層（緻密層）、内側に細孔を有する支持層（多孔質層）とが積層した不均質膜であることがより好ましい。当該細孔の孔径は特に限定されないが、０〜１００ｎｍの範囲が好ましく、０．１〜５０ｎｍの範囲がより好ましい。 The material of the hollow fiber membrane used in the present invention is preferably a membrane made of a highly hydrophobic material, for example, a polyolefin resin such as poly (4-methylpentene-1) resin. The film structure is not particularly limited as long as at least a skin layer (dense layer) and a layer having pores (porous layer) are laminated, but preferably a skin layer (dense layer) and a fine layer are formed. It is preferably a heterogeneous film in which a support layer (porous layer) having pores is laminated, and a skin layer (dense layer) on the outside and a support layer (porous layer) having pores on the inside are laminated. More preferred is a heterogeneous film. Although the pore diameter of the pore is not particularly limited, a range of 0 to 100 nm is preferable, and a range of 0.1 to 50 nm is more preferable.
本発明に用いる中空糸膜モジュールに使用する中空糸膜は、膜の酸素透過速度が０．１×１０−５〜５０００×１０−５［ｃｍ３（ＳＴＰ）／ｃｍ２・ｓｅｃ・ｃｍＨｇ］の範囲のものが好ましく、さらに０．５×１０−５〜５００×１０−５［ｃｍ３（ＳＴＰ）／ｃｍ２・ｓｅｃ・ｃｍＨｇ］の範囲のものがより好ましく、さらに０．９×１０−５〜１００×１０−５［ｃｍ３（ＳＴＰ）／ｃｍ２・ｓｅｃ・ｃｍＨｇ］の範囲のものが最も好ましい。The hollow fiber membrane used in the hollow fiber membrane module used in the present invention has an oxygen transmission rate of 0.1 × 10 −5 to 5000 × 10 −5 [cm 3 (STP) / cm 2 · sec · cmHg]. The range is preferably 0.5 × 10 −5 to 500 × 10 −5 [cm 3 (STP) / cm 2 · sec · cmHg], more preferably 0.9 × 10 −5. The thing of the range of -100 * 10 < -5 > [cm < 3 > (STP) / cm < 2 > * sec * cmHg] is the most preferable.
また、本発明に用いる中空糸膜モジュールに使用する中空糸膜は、酸素と窒素の分離係数α=（ＱＯ２：酸素透過量／ＱＮ２：窒素透過量＝ １〜５の範囲のものが好ましく、さらに１〜４．５の範囲のものがより好ましく、さらに３．０〜４．２の範囲のものが特に好ましい。当該範囲内であれば、実質的に液体として水を透過させず、かつ、溶存酸素濃度を数ｐｐｂ以下まで脱気することが容易になり好ましい。The hollow fiber membrane used in the hollow fiber membrane module used in the present invention preferably has a separation factor of oxygen and nitrogen α = (QO 2 : oxygen permeation amount / QN 2 : nitrogen permeation amount = 1 to 5). Further, a range of 1 to 4.5 is more preferable, and a range of 3.0 to 4.2 is particularly preferable. It is easy to deaerate the dissolved oxygen concentration to several ppb or less, which is preferable.
なお、モジュールの脱気性能は中空糸膜の隔膜の酸素透過速度が高くなるにつれ一般に向上するが、これに伴い液体の透過速度も大きなものとなるため、両特性のバランスに優れた隔膜を選択することが望ましい。 The deaeration performance of the module generally improves as the oxygen transmission rate of the hollow fiber membrane increases, but the liquid transmission rate increases accordingly, so select a membrane with a good balance between both characteristics. It is desirable to do.
また、酸素透過速度の測定及び気体分離係数αはＡＳＴＭ−Ｄ１４３４に準拠して容易に行われる。 The measurement of the oxygen transmission rate and the gas separation coefficient α are easily performed according to ASTM-D1434.
特にポリ（４−メチルペンテン−１）樹脂を素材とする中空糸不均質膜は酸素、窒素、炭酸ガス等のガス透過性に優れ且つ水蒸気バリヤー性が高く好ましい。本不均質膜については、例えば特公平２−３８２５０号公報、特公平２−５４３７７号公報、特公平４−１５０１４号公報、特公平４−５００５３号公報及び特開平５−６６５６号公報等に詳しく述べてある。 In particular, a hollow fiber heterogeneous membrane made of poly (4-methylpentene-1) resin is preferable because of its excellent gas permeability such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide gas, and water vapor barrier property. The inhomogeneous film is described in detail in, for example, JP-B-2-38250, JP-B-2-54377, JP-B-4-15014, JP-B-4-50053, JP-A-5-6656, and the like. It is stated.
本発明で用いる中空糸膜モジュールが内部環流型の場合、内部還流型中空糸膜モジュールの中空糸膜外（気相側）の圧力を減圧下に保ちつつ、中空糸膜内（液相側）から通液して脱気する。
一方、本発明で用いる中空糸膜モジュールが外部環流型の場合、外部還流型中空糸膜モジュールの中空糸膜内（気相側）の圧力を減圧下に保ちつつ、中空糸膜外（液相側）から通液して脱気する。いずれの場合も、液相側がスキン層（緻密層）、気相側が細孔を有する層（多孔質層）となるようにする。When the hollow fiber membrane module used in the present invention is an internal reflux type, the pressure outside the hollow fiber membrane (gas phase side) of the internal reflux type hollow fiber membrane module is kept under reduced pressure, while inside the hollow fiber membrane (liquid phase side) Pass through and deaerate.
On the other hand, when the hollow fiber membrane module used in the present invention is an external reflux type, the pressure inside the hollow fiber membrane (gas phase side) of the external reflux type hollow fiber membrane module is kept under reduced pressure while the outside of the hollow fiber membrane (liquid phase) Side)) to deaerate. In either case, the liquid phase side is a skin layer (dense layer), and the gas phase side is a layer having pores (porous layer).
中空糸膜モジュールの中空糸膜内の気相側圧力は、使用流量と目的とする処理後の溶存酸素量に合わせて調整することが重要であるが、脱気する水のその温度での飽和蒸気圧以上の圧力に設定することが好ましい。 It is important to adjust the gas-phase pressure in the hollow fiber membrane of the hollow fiber membrane module according to the flow rate used and the amount of dissolved oxygen after the target treatment. It is preferable to set the pressure equal to or higher than the vapor pressure.
その際、減圧手段は単に真空ポンプ等で排気しても良いが、適当なスイープガスを流しながら真空ポンプで排気しても良い。特定の溶存気体を除去する場合には、スイープガスを併用する方法は有効である。例えば、溶存酸素や炭酸ガスのみを除去する事が重要な場合には、スイープガスとして窒素ガス、アルゴンガス等が有効に用いられる。真空ポンプを用いる場合には公知のものを用いることができ、例えば、油回転式ポンプ、ダイヤフラム式ポンプ、水流アスピレータ、水封式真空ポンプ、ブースター付水封式真空ポンプ、ルーツ型及びスクロール型等のドライ型真空ポンプ等が挙げられる。また、油回転式ポンプに油水分離装置を付属して使用してもよく、また水封式ポンプの封水をチラー等で冷却したり、蒸気圧の低い封液を使用してもよく、また水封式真空ポンプに空気エゼクターを付属して使用する等適宜実施できる。 At that time, the decompression means may be evacuated simply by a vacuum pump or the like, but may be evacuated by a vacuum pump while flowing an appropriate sweep gas. When removing a specific dissolved gas, a method using a sweep gas in combination is effective. For example, when it is important to remove only dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas, argon gas, or the like is effectively used as the sweep gas. When using a vacuum pump, known ones can be used, for example, an oil rotary pump, a diaphragm pump, a water flow aspirator, a water ring vacuum pump, a water ring vacuum pump with a booster, a roots type, a scroll type, etc. And dry type vacuum pumps. The oil rotary pump may be used with an oil / water separator, the water seal of the water ring pump may be cooled with a chiller, etc., or a liquid with low vapor pressure may be used. It can be implemented as appropriate, for example, by attaching an air ejector to a water-sealed vacuum pump.
脱気する水の温度に特に制限はないが、液温は高いほうが好ましい。液温を高くすることにより多量の水を効率良く脱気することができるばかりでなく、液温上昇により必然的に飽和水蒸気圧も上昇し、したがって膜の気相側の真空圧力を高めることができ、これにより真空装置の負荷を軽減することができ極めて好ましい。脱気する液温は１０℃〜５０℃が好ましくさらに好ましくは２０℃〜４０℃である。 Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the temperature of the water to deaerate, The one where a liquid temperature is higher is preferable. By increasing the liquid temperature, not only can a large amount of water be efficiently degassed, but also the saturated water vapor pressure inevitably increases due to the increase in the liquid temperature. This makes it possible to reduce the load on the vacuum apparatus, which is extremely preferable. The liquid temperature for deaeration is preferably 10 ° C to 50 ° C, more preferably 20 ° C to 40 ° C.
モジュールの構造及び中空糸膜の充填方法は脱気される水に遍流が発生しないように構成されておれば良く、例えば特許公開平２−１０２７１４号公報等に好適ないくつかのモジュール構造が開示されている。 The module structure and the filling method of the hollow fiber membrane may be configured so that turbulent flow does not occur in the degassed water. For example, there are several module structures suitable for Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-102714. It is disclosed.
本発明に用いる中空糸膜モジュールに適用する中空糸膜の寸法は、中空糸膜の外径が小さい方が、その簾巻き体の径が小さくとも大きな膜面積を得ることができ、従って、外径は７０μm〜３７０μmであることが好ましく、さらに１５０μm〜２８０μmであることがより好ましい。一方、中空糸膜の内径は３０μｍ〜３１０μｍの範囲が好ましく、さらに８０μｍ〜２２０μｍの範囲がより好ましい。膜面積は０．０１８ｍ２〜４００ｍ２の範囲であることが好ましく、０．１８ｍ２〜１２０ｍ２の範囲であることがより好ましく、１．８〜４０ｍ２の範囲がさらに好ましく、７〜２０ｍ２の範囲が特に好ましい。As for the dimensions of the hollow fiber membrane applied to the hollow fiber membrane module used in the present invention, the smaller the outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane, the larger the membrane area can be obtained even if the diameter of the wound body is small. The diameter is preferably 70 μm to 370 μm, and more preferably 150 μm to 280 μm. On the other hand, the inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is preferably in the range of 30 μm to 310 μm, and more preferably in the range of 80 μm to 220 μm. Preferably membrane area is in the range of 0.018m 2 ~400m 2, more preferably in the range of 0.18m 2 ~120m 2, more preferably in the range of 1.8~40m 2, 7~20m 2 The range of is particularly preferable.
本発明に用いる中空糸膜モジュールは、脱気する液体の遍流を容易に抑制でき、且つ耐圧性に優れ、構造が単純であり、また製造が容易である特徴を有する。中空糸簾状シートの形態に制限はなく不織布体、編み物、織物等特に制限はないが、好ましくは、中空糸膜を緯糸または経糸とし、他の糸たとえばポリエステル等からなるモノフィラメント糸またはマルチフィラメント糸を経糸または緯糸として組織された編み物または織物である。 The hollow fiber membrane module used in the present invention has the characteristics that it can easily suppress the turbulent flow of the liquid to be deaerated, has excellent pressure resistance, has a simple structure, and is easy to manufacture. There is no limitation on the form of the hollow fiber cocoon-shaped sheet, and there is no particular limitation on the nonwoven fabric, knitted fabric, woven fabric, etc. Is a knitted or woven fabric organized as warp or weft.
本発明において好適に使用される外部還流型中空糸膜モジュールを用いた脱気装置と当該装置もちいた水の脱気方法の一例を説明する。 An example of a deaeration apparatus using an external reflux type hollow fiber membrane module suitably used in the present invention and a water deaeration method using the apparatus will be described.
処理前の水（原水）は、減圧弁を通り、外部還流型中空糸膜モジュールに導入される。外部還流型中空糸膜モジュールの中空糸膜内は、真空ポンプによって減圧され、中空糸膜外を流れる原水から溶存気体が除去される。脱気処理された水（処理水）は、フロースイッチを通って装置外に供給される。このフロースイッチは、脱気装置中を水（原水ないし処理水）が流れることで作動し、真空ポンプのスイッチを入れ、電磁弁を開けるようになっている。脱気装置を通過した水（処理水）を貯蔵容器に移し、前記飲料の製造に供すればよい。 Water (raw water) before treatment passes through the pressure reducing valve and is introduced into the external reflux type hollow fiber membrane module. The inside of the hollow fiber membrane of the external reflux type hollow fiber membrane module is decompressed by a vacuum pump, and the dissolved gas is removed from the raw water flowing outside the hollow fiber membrane. The deaerated water (treated water) is supplied outside the apparatus through a flow switch. This flow switch operates when water (raw water or treated water) flows through the deaeration device, switches on the vacuum pump, and opens the solenoid valve. What is necessary is just to move the water (process water) which passed the deaeration apparatus to a storage container, and to use for manufacture of the said drink.
以上の通り、本発明の飲料は、中空糸膜モジュールにより溶存酸素量が抑えられているので、脱気していない場合と比較して酸化による味覚（香り、味）の劣化を起こし難く、さらにスキン層で水と接液して脱気することにより、多孔質層で接液して脱気する場合と比較して樹脂臭も低減されたものとなっている。本願発明は、上記脱気工程において、水または水溶液中の溶存気体をスキン層と接液させて脱気させることで上記効果を発揮する水を用いることから、飲料の種類は特に限定されず、例えば、コーヒー、緑茶、ウーロン茶、紅茶、麦茶などの原料を抽出して得られる原料抽出飲料や、炭酸飲料、ココア飲料、果汁飲料、野菜飲料、豆乳飲料、コーヒーに牛乳などを調合した調合飲料などの清涼飲料や、加工乳、乳飲料、発酵乳、乳酸菌飲料などの乳飲料を挙げることができ、飲料製品ばかりか中間製品も含むものとする。なお、飲料原料とは、例えば原料抽出飲料においては抽出液であり、原料抽出飲料以外の飲料では、水を加える前の飲料の原料となる中間物質で、ココア飲料においてはカカオ粉末或いはカカオペーストであり、果汁飲料においては果汁であり、乳飲料においては乳である。また、本発明の飲料は、甘味料、着色剤、ミネラル、酸化防止剤、保存剤などの不揮発性成分を必要に応じて含んでいても良い。 As described above, since the amount of dissolved oxygen is suppressed by the hollow fiber membrane module, the beverage of the present invention is less prone to deterioration of taste (fragrance, taste) due to oxidation compared to the case where it is not deaerated. By degassing by contacting with water in the skin layer, the resin odor is reduced as compared with the case of degassing by contacting with the porous layer. In the deaeration step, the present invention uses water that exhibits the above effect by bringing the dissolved gas in the water or aqueous solution into contact with the skin layer and degassing, so the type of beverage is not particularly limited, For example, raw material extraction drinks obtained by extracting raw materials such as coffee, green tea, oolong tea, black tea, barley tea, carbonated drinks, cocoa drinks, fruit juice drinks, vegetable drinks, soy milk drinks, blended drinks that blend milk with coffee, etc. And soft drinks, processed milk, milk drinks, fermented milk, lactic acid bacteria drinks and other milk drinks, and include drink products as well as intermediate products. The beverage ingredient is, for example, an extract in the ingredient-extracted beverage, an intermediate substance that is the ingredient of the beverage before adding water in the beverage other than the ingredient-extracted beverage, and a cacao powder or cacao paste in the cocoa beverage. Yes, it is fruit juice in fruit juice drinks and milk in milk drinks. Moreover, the drink of this invention may contain non-volatile components, such as a sweetener, a coloring agent, a mineral, antioxidant, and a preservative, as needed.
以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例にのみ限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited only to these examples.
（官能評価の方法および評価基準）
本実施例においての評価方法は、特に断りのない限り、以下の通りに行った。
官能評価について、樹脂臭と味覚（苦味）を評価した。
なお、樹脂臭とは、「プラスチックを連想する香り、紙パック臭」（宇都宮仁、他３名、”清酒の官能評価分析における香味に関する品質評価用語及び標準見本”、〔ｏｎｌｉｎｅ〕、２００６年、独立行政法人酒類総合研究所、第３頁第１表「樹脂臭」、検索日平成２７年９月２５日、http://www.nrib.go.jp/data/pdf/seikoumihou.pdf）を感じる評価を参考に以下の方法で実施した。(Method and criteria for sensory evaluation)
The evaluation method in this example was performed as follows unless otherwise specified.
For sensory evaluation, resin odor and taste (bitterness) were evaluated.
In addition, the resin odor is “scent associated with plastic, paper pack odor” (Jin Utsunomiya, three others, “quality evaluation terms and standard samples regarding flavor in sensory evaluation analysis of sake”, [online], 2006, Incorporated administrative agency Liquor Research Institute, page 3, table 1, "resin odor", search date September 25, 2015, http://www.nrib.go.jp/data/pdf/seikoumihou.pdf) The following method was used with reference to the evaluations felt.
樹脂臭の官能評価の結果は標準見本（５０ｍｌポリプロピレン製遠心管に４０ｍｌコーヒー飲料を入れ、１０分間沸騰水中につけたもの）を用いて訓練されたパネラー５名の評価結果を集計して示した。
樹脂臭を感知したときの強度を１（感じない）、２（ほとんど感じない）、３（やや感じる）、４（感じる）、５（強い）、６（とても強く感じる）の６段階で評価した。集計した平均値が１以上〜２未満の場合を◎、２以上〜３未満の場合を○、３以上〜４未満の場合を△、４以上の場合を×とした。The results of sensory evaluation of the resin odor are shown by summing up the evaluation results of five panelists trained using standard samples (40 ml coffee beverage in a 50 ml polypropylene centrifuge tube and placed in boiling water for 10 minutes).
The strength when a resin odor was sensed was evaluated on a scale of 1 (not felt), 2 (not felt almost), 3 (somewhat felt), 4 (feeled), 5 (strong), 6 (feels very strong). . The case where the average value of 1 or more and less than 2 was evaluated as ◎, the case of 2 or more and less than 3 as ◯, the case of 3 or more and less than 4 as Δ, and the case of 4 or more as x.
官能評価の結果は標準見本（コーヒー飲料に、チロソール（ＴＣＩ９８+％）を８０ｍｇ／ｌの割合で加えたもの）を用いて訓練されたパネラー５名の評価結果を集計して示した。
製造直後と、４℃２４時間保存後の飲料に対する味覚（苦味）の変化を官能評価し、両者の差を、１（とても感じる）、２（感じる）、３（やや感じる）、４（感じない）の４段階で評価した。集計した平均値が１以上〜２未満の場合を◎、２以上〜３未満の場合を○、３以上〜４未満の場合を△、４の場合を×とした。The results of sensory evaluation are shown by summing up the evaluation results of five panelists trained using a standard sample (coffee beverage added with tyrosol (TCI 98 +%) at a rate of 80 mg / l).
Sensory evaluation of changes in taste (bitterness) for beverages immediately after production and after storage at 4 ° C. for 24 hours, and the difference between the two is 1 (feels very much), 2 (feels), 3 (feels somewhat), 4 (not feeling ). The case where the aggregated average value was 1 or more and less than 2 was evaluated as “◎”, the case where it was 2 or more and less than 3 as “◯”, the case where 3 or more and less than 4 as “Δ”, and the case of 4 as “x”.
（実施例１）
外部還流型中空糸膜モジュールは、ＤＩＣ株式会社製「ＥＦ−０２０Ｇ−Ａ３０」（スキン層（外層）と中空糸孔径５〜２０ｎｍの多孔質層（内側）とが積層した非対称膜を有するポリ−4−メチルペンテン−１樹脂製中空糸膜）を用い、試験前に超純水で７２時間洗浄後、モジュール内部を無菌エアーで乾燥した。さらに、上水（２３℃）で３分間洗浄した。Example 1
The external reflux type hollow fiber membrane module is manufactured by DIC Corporation “EF-020G-A30” (skin layer (outer layer) and a porous layer (inner side) having a hollow fiber pore diameter of 5 to 20 nm laminated with an asymmetric membrane. 4-methylpentene-1 resin hollow fiber membrane) was used and washed with ultrapure water for 72 hours before the test, and then the inside of the module was dried with aseptic air. Further, it was washed with clean water (23 ° C.) for 3 minutes.
上水（脱気処理前ＤＯ値８．５ｐｐｍ）を前記モジュールに通液し脱気処理（絶対圧２．４ｋＰａ）した後、得られた処理水（脱気処理後ＤＯ値０．８ｐｐｍ）を、窒素雰囲気中の貯留容器内に保存した。
次に、抽出器において、９５℃に加熱した処理水を用いてコーヒー豆を抽出し、得られた抽出液を、貯留容器及び濾過器を介して調合容器に送り、調合容器において得られた抽出液に、前記処理水を、該抽出液１００質量部に対して処理水５００質量部となるよう配合して希釈化、調合した。その後、缶容器に飲料を充填して密閉した。なお、すべての工程を窒素雰囲気下でおこなった。官能評価結果を表１に示した。After passing clean water (DO value before deaeration treatment 8.5 ppm) through the module and deaeration treatment (absolute pressure 2.4 kPa), the treated water (DO value after deaeration treatment 0.8 ppm) was obtained. And stored in a storage container in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Next, in the extractor, coffee beans are extracted using treated water heated to 95 ° C., and the obtained extract is sent to the mixing container via the storage container and the filter, and the extraction obtained in the mixing container In the liquid, the treated water was diluted and formulated so as to be 500 parts by mass of treated water with respect to 100 parts by mass of the extract. Thereafter, the can was filled with a beverage and sealed. All processes were performed under a nitrogen atmosphere. The sensory evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
（比較例１）
外部還流型中空糸膜モジュールＤＩＣ株式会社製「ＥＦ−０２０Ｇ−Ａ３０」の替りに、内部還流型中空糸膜モジュール三菱レイヨン社製「２０Ｍ３４００Ａ」（非多孔質の超薄膜を多孔質層でサンドイッチ状に挟み込んだ三層複合構造を有するポリエチレン製対称膜）を用いたこと以外は実施例１と同様に行った。なお、得られた処理水の脱気処理後ＤＯ値は２．０ｐｐｍであった。官能評価結果を表１に示した。(Comparative Example 1)
Instead of “EF-020G-A30” manufactured by DIC Corporation, external reflux type hollow fiber membrane module “20M3400A” manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. (non-porous ultra-thin film sandwiched between porous layers) This was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyethylene symmetrical film having a three-layer composite structure sandwiched between the two was used. In addition, DO value after the deaeration process of the obtained treated water was 2.0 ppm. The sensory evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
以上の官能評価分析より、実施例１ではスキン層（緻密層）で水と接する中空糸膜モジュールを簡単な水洗浄を行うのみで、プラスチック臭などの異臭の添加がないコーヒー飲料が得られることが分かった。また、溶存気体の大幅な減少によって、長期保存後の味覚の変化も抑えられることも明らかになった。これに対して、多孔質層で水と接する中空糸膜モジュールを用いた比較品は、樹脂臭の除去ができず、かつ、長期保存後の味覚の変化も抑えられなかった。 From the above sensory evaluation analysis, in Example 1, the hollow fiber membrane module in contact with water in the skin layer (dense layer) can be simply washed with water, and a coffee beverage free from the addition of a strange odor such as plastic odor can be obtained. I understood. Moreover, it became clear that the change in taste after long-term storage can be suppressed by the significant decrease in dissolved gas. On the other hand, the comparative product using the hollow fiber membrane module in contact with water in the porous layer was not able to remove the resin odor and could not suppress the change in taste after long-term storage.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0238250B2 (en) * | 1983-04-22 | 1990-08-29 | Dainippon Inki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | |
| JPH0463104A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-02-28 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | Diaphragm degassing apparatus and degassing method |
| JPH06133691A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1994-05-17 | Nitsusee:Kk | Method for extracting coffee |
| JPH06141776A (en) * | 1992-11-12 | 1994-05-24 | Pokka Corp | Production of coffee and coffee |
| JPH06141825A (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 1994-05-24 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | Production of soft drink |
| JP2000093130A (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-04-04 | Ito En Ltd | Production of beverage |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH0238250B2 (en) * | 1983-04-22 | 1990-08-29 | Dainippon Inki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | |
| JPH0463104A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-02-28 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | Diaphragm degassing apparatus and degassing method |
| JPH06133691A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1994-05-17 | Nitsusee:Kk | Method for extracting coffee |
| JPH06141825A (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 1994-05-24 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | Production of soft drink |
| JPH06141776A (en) * | 1992-11-12 | 1994-05-24 | Pokka Corp | Production of coffee and coffee |
| JP2000093130A (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-04-04 | Ito En Ltd | Production of beverage |
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