JPWO2014017377A1 - Exhaust gas power generation purification system - Google Patents
Exhaust gas power generation purification system Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2014017377A1 JPWO2014017377A1 JP2014526883A JP2014526883A JPWO2014017377A1 JP WO2014017377 A1 JPWO2014017377 A1 JP WO2014017377A1 JP 2014526883 A JP2014526883 A JP 2014526883A JP 2014526883 A JP2014526883 A JP 2014526883A JP WO2014017377 A1 JPWO2014017377 A1 JP WO2014017377A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
- F01K21/04—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
- F01K21/045—Introducing gas and steam separately into the motor, e.g. admission to a single rotor through separate nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
- B01D47/02—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath
- B01D47/021—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath by bubbling the gas through a liquid bath
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
- B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2067—Urea
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
Abstract
サイクロン集塵機を通過した高温排ガスの膨張力で回転するタービン車室にブロワーを用いて排ガスを導入すると共に、タービン車室入口またはタービン車室内もしくはその両方に尿素水のミストを噴霧し気化させ、タービン車室内における該ミストの気化膨張時のエネルギーを直接タービン駆動に利用することでタービンの回転力を増加させ、連結された発電用モーターによりエネルギー回収し、該タービン排気を湿式浄化装置へ送り込んで排ガスの浄化を行うと共に該気化したミストを凝縮したのちフィルターにより微細な塵埃を濾過したものを該タービンへの噴霧用ミストとして再び用い、炉内または煙道へも噴霧し、湿式浄化装置から排出された排気の一部又は全部を炉内へ還流させて還流させない排気を活性炭吸着塔に送り込み、又は該排気を活性炭吸着塔へ送り込み、該活性炭吸着塔から排出される排ガスの一部又は全部を炉内へ還流させる。The turbine casing is rotated by the expansion force of the high-temperature exhaust gas that has passed through the cyclone dust collector, and the exhaust gas is introduced into the turbine casing using a blower, and urea water mist is sprayed and vaporized at the turbine casing inlet and / or the turbine casing to vaporize the turbine. The energy at the time of vaporization and expansion of the mist in the passenger compartment is directly used for driving the turbine, thereby increasing the rotational force of the turbine, recovering the energy by a connected power generation motor, and sending the turbine exhaust to the wet purification device to exhaust gas. After purifying the gas, and condensing the vaporized mist, the fine dust filtered through the filter is used again as the mist for spraying to the turbine and sprayed into the furnace or flue and discharged from the wet-cleaning device. The exhaust gas that is partly or entirely recirculated into the furnace and sent to the activated carbon adsorption tower It is fed to the exhaust to the activated carbon adsorption tower, recirculating part or all of the exhaust gas discharged from the activated carbon adsorption tower into the furnace.
Description
本発明は工場（コークス炉を含む）やごみの焼却設備、下水処理施設等における高温排ガスの浄化プロセスと発電装置を組み合わせ、効率的なエネルギー回収（発電）と再生サイクルを行う方法に加え、高度な廃水処理設備が不要である排気浄化方法、及びこれらを組み合わせたシステムに用いる具体的装置に関するものである。 The present invention combines a high-temperature exhaust gas purification process and power generation equipment in factories (including coke ovens), waste incineration facilities, sewage treatment facilities, etc., in addition to a method for efficient energy recovery (power generation) and regeneration cycle, The present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification method that does not require a wastewater treatment facility and a specific device used in a system that combines these methods.
工場（コークス炉を含む）やごみの焼却設備、下水処理施設等で排出される高温排ガスの熱（エネルギー）回収は、一般的に温水ボイラや蒸気ボイラにより、温水や蒸気を得る方法でおこなわれている。そして大規模な設備では、蒸気ボイラで得られた蒸気で蒸気タービン発電機を駆動し排熱の回収を行っている。しかし、温水や蒸気については各プラント設備内において需要があれば有効な回収方法といえるが需要が無ければ有効な回収方法とはならず、また蒸気タービン発電においてはボイラや復水器等の付帯設備とその運用にかかるコストが高く、大規模なプラントにおいて大量の電気を発生できる場合には有効な回収方法であるが、比較的規模の大きくない設備から排出される熱量ではコストパフォーマンスが低いため、一般的な設備に導入されるには至っていないのが現状である。また、特殊タービンとして排ガスの膨張力を利用する排熱タービン発電機を設計している設計者も存在するがコストパフォーマンスの点で一般的な設備に導入されるには至っていないのが現状である。これに加え、先行技術として排ガスをミストやスチームで増量し加給機（ターボタービン）を駆動することで圧縮空気を作り出し、この圧縮空気を燃焼炉へ送る燃焼空気として利用するシステムに、付加的に発電用モーターを連結することで発電する技術は存在するが、完全な開放型（背圧式）の作動媒体の利用方式であり、主目的は圧縮空気を作り出して加圧流動炉焼却装置の制御を安定化することにある為、発電と排ガスの浄化プロセスは分離されており、効率的な発電を直接的な目的とするシステムではなかった。排気の浄化についても、湿式の浄化装置としてスプレー式、バブル式等確立した技術は存在するものの、廃液の処理をする為の高度な廃水処理設備が必要であり、設備の整った下水処理施設等では容易に導入することが可能でも設備の整っていない工場等では廃液処理を外部に委託する費用や設備の設置コストがかさむという課題があった。 Heat (energy) recovery of high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from factories (including coke ovens), waste incineration facilities, sewage treatment facilities, etc. is generally performed by a method that obtains hot water or steam using a hot water boiler or steam boiler. ing. In a large-scale facility, a steam turbine generator is driven by steam obtained from a steam boiler to recover exhaust heat. However, hot water and steam can be said to be an effective recovery method if there is demand within each plant facility, but if there is no demand, it will not be an effective recovery method, and steam turbine power generation is accompanied by boilers, condensers, etc. This is an effective recovery method when the cost of equipment and its operation is high and a large amount of electricity can be generated in a large-scale plant, but the cost performance is low for the amount of heat emitted from a relatively small-scale equipment. However, the current situation is that it has not been introduced into general equipment. In addition, there are designers who are designing exhaust heat turbine generators that utilize the expansion force of exhaust gas as special turbines, but they have not yet been introduced into general facilities in terms of cost performance. . In addition to this, as a prior art, the exhaust gas is increased by mist or steam and the turbocharger (turbo turbine) is driven to produce compressed air, and this compressed air is used as combustion air that is sent to the combustion furnace. Although there is technology to generate electricity by connecting a motor for power generation, it is a method of using a completely open type (back pressure type) working medium, and the main purpose is to create compressed air and control the pressurized flow furnace incinerator Because of the stabilization, the power generation and exhaust gas purification processes were separated, and the system was not directly aimed at efficient power generation. As for the purification of exhaust gas, although there are established technologies such as spray type and bubble type as a wet type purification device, advanced wastewater treatment equipment for treating waste liquid is necessary and well-equipped sewage treatment facilities etc. However, there is a problem that the cost of outsourcing the waste liquid treatment and the installation cost of the equipment increase in a factory that can be easily introduced but is not equipped with facilities.
蒸気ボイラ（熱交換器、蒸発器）で得られた蒸気を用いて蒸気タービンを駆動し発電する方法は、付帯設備の設置や運用にかかるコストが高く、また高温（高圧）の排ガスをミストやスチームで増量してタービンを駆動し圧縮空気を作り出すことに付随して発電する方式は処理量が大量かつ一定していれば安定したタービン効率が得られるものの（先行技術文献参照）、処理量の少ない時間帯においてはタービン効率の低下が著しく発電量に対するコストパフォーマンスが必ずしも満足な数字を得られるわけではないシステムであることから両者とも一定規模以下の工場（コークス炉を含む）やプラント、下水処理施設等において廃熱による発電方法として一般的に用いられない方法であった。また、これらの発電には必ず排ガスの処理という工程が並存し、これらのプロセスと発電を完全に分離したシステムでは、熱回収（発電）と再生サイクルの効率化をはかることに限界があった。排気の浄化についても、湿式の浄化装置としてスプレー式、バブル式等確立した技術は存在するものの、廃液の処理をする為の高度な廃水処理設備が必要であり、設備の整った下水処理施設等では容易に導入することが可能でも設備の整っていない工場等では廃液処理を外部に委託する費用や設備の設置コストがかさむという課題があった。 The method of driving a steam turbine using steam obtained from a steam boiler (heat exchanger, evaporator) is expensive to install and operate ancillary equipment, and also uses high-temperature (high-pressure) exhaust gas as mist. The method of generating electricity accompanying the generation of compressed air by generating turbines by increasing the amount of steam can achieve stable turbine efficiency if the amount of processing is large and constant (see the prior art document), but the amount of processing In both times, the turbine efficiency is significantly reduced and the cost performance with respect to the amount of power generation is not necessarily a satisfactory system, so both of them are factories or smaller (including coke ovens), plants, and sewage treatment. This method is not generally used as a power generation method using waste heat in facilities. In addition, these power generations always have a process of exhaust gas treatment, and in a system in which these processes and power generation are completely separated, there is a limit in achieving efficient heat recovery (power generation) and regeneration cycles. As for the purification of exhaust gas, although there are established technologies such as spray type and bubble type as a wet type purification device, advanced wastewater treatment equipment for treating waste liquid is necessary and well-equipped sewage treatment facilities etc. However, there is a problem that the cost of outsourcing the waste liquid treatment and the installation cost of the equipment increase in a factory that can be easily introduced but is not equipped with facilities.
そこで、本発明は、蒸気ボイラや復水器などの高価な付帯設備を設けることも大規模化の必要もないエネルギー回収（発電）と再生サイクルを行える方法に加え、高度な廃水処理設備も不要である排気浄化方法、及びこれらを組み合わせたシステムに用いる具体的装置を提供する。 Therefore, the present invention eliminates the need for an advanced wastewater treatment facility in addition to a method capable of performing energy recovery (power generation) and a regeneration cycle without requiring an expensive incidental facility such as a steam boiler or a condenser or a large scale. An exhaust purification method and a specific device used in a system combining these methods are provided.
本発明は、上記の目的を達成するため、次の手段を採った。すなわち、サイクロン集塵機を通過した高温排ガスの膨張力で回転するタービン車室にブロワー（圧縮機）を用いて排ガスを導入すると共に、タービン車室入口またはタービン車室内もしくはその両方に尿素水のミストを噴霧し気化させ、タービン車室内における該ミストの気化膨張時のエネルギーを直接タービン駆動に利用することでタービンの回転力を増加させ、連結された発電用モーターによりエネルギー回収（発電）し、該タービン排気を湿式の脱臭、脱硫、脱硝、集塵装置（以下湿式浄化装置）へ送り込んで排ガスの浄化を行うと共に該気化したミストを凝縮したのちフィルターにより微細な塵埃を濾過したものを該タービンへの噴霧用ミストとして再び用い、炉内または煙道へも噴霧し、該湿式浄化装置から排出された排気の一部又は全部を炉内へ還流させて還流させない排気を活性炭吸着塔に送り込み、又は該排気（該湿式浄化装置からの排気）を活性炭吸着塔へ送り込み、該活性炭吸着塔から排出される排ガスの一部又は全部を炉内へ還流させる。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has taken the following measures. In other words, exhaust gas is introduced into the turbine casing that is rotated by the expansion force of the high-temperature exhaust gas that has passed through the cyclone dust collector using a blower (compressor), and urea water mist is introduced into the turbine casing inlet and / or the turbine casing. By spraying and vaporizing, and using the energy at the time of vaporization and expansion of the mist in the turbine casing directly for driving the turbine, the rotational force of the turbine is increased, and energy recovery (power generation) is performed by the connected power generation motor. Exhaust gas is sent to wet deodorization, desulfurization, denitration, and dust collection equipment (hereinafter referred to as wet purification equipment) to purify the exhaust gas, and after condensing the vaporized mist, fine dust is filtered by the filter into the turbine. Used again as a mist for spraying, spraying into the furnace or flue, one of the exhaust discharged from the wet purification device Alternatively, a part of the exhaust gas exhausted from the activated carbon adsorption tower by sending exhaust gas that has been refluxed entirely into the furnace and not refluxed to the activated carbon adsorption tower, or sending the exhaust gas (exhaust from the wet purification device) to the activated carbon adsorption tower Alternatively, the whole is refluxed into the furnace.
ブロワー（圧縮機）を備え、これにより導入される排ガスの膨張力で回転する羽根車（タービン翼）をタービン車室内に持ち、該タービン車室入口または該タービン車室内、もしくはその両方にミストを噴霧する構造と機能を備え、該タービンが発電用モーターと軸により連結されたことを特徴とする発電装置を作製する。 An impeller (turbine blade) having a blower (compressor) and rotating by the expansion force of the exhaust gas introduced thereby is held in the turbine casing, and mist is supplied to the turbine casing inlet or the turbine casing or both. A power generation apparatus having a structure and a function of spraying and having the turbine connected to a power generation motor by a shaft is produced.
ケーシングに排気取り入れ口と排出口を備え、取り入れ口から連なる空間Aは下部へ向かうに従い漸次広がるように内壁を持ち、該空間Ａから該内壁にそって上部に向かう経路と、該空間Ａ下部から該空間より遠ざかるように傾斜して上部に向かう経路で結ばれた空間Bを持ち、該空間Bは、上方からミストを噴霧する構造とする小空間を複数個備え、それぞれの小空間は流入した排気が進むにつれ上方向に段差がつくかたちでエル字型の内壁を挟む関係で連なり、さらにエル字型の内壁に沿って排気が進む方向を変化させるよう傾斜（湾曲）する案内板を備え充填される液体が二段階でオーバーフローし、それぞれのオーバーフローを受ける空間にフィルターと排出口が設けられ、前記排気の取り入れ口付近にミスト噴霧器を備えたことを特徴とする脱臭、脱硫、脱硝、集塵装置（以下湿式浄化装置）を作製する The casing has an exhaust intake port and an exhaust port, and a space A extending from the intake port has an inner wall so as to gradually expand toward the lower part, a path from the space A toward the upper part along the inner wall, and a lower part of the space A It has a space B that is connected by a path that is inclined away from the space and heads upward, and the space B includes a plurality of small spaces that are configured to spray mist from above, and each small space has flowed into the space B. As the exhaust gas advances, it is connected with a relationship that sandwiches the ellipsoidal inner wall with a stepped upward direction, and it is filled with a guide plate that is inclined (curved) to change the direction of exhaust gas flow along the ellipsoidal inner wall The liquid to be discharged overflows in two stages, and a filter and a discharge port are provided in the space where each overflow is received, and a mist sprayer is provided near the exhaust intake port. Making deodorization, desulfurization, denitrification, dust collector (hereinafter wet purification system) for
蒸気ボイラ（蒸発器）や復水器（凝縮器、冷却設備）などの高価な付帯設備の設置や大規模化の必要もなく、これまでの蒸気発電よりも比較的短い始動時間で稼動が可能であり、完全な背圧式でない為、これまでの蒸気発電に匹敵する発電効率を確保し、排ガスをミストやスチームで増量したものをタービンに送り込むことで圧縮空気を作り出し、付加的に発電をする方式よりも高効率の発電効率が得られる。 It is possible to operate with relatively shorter start-up time than conventional steam power generation without the need for expensive auxiliary equipment such as a steam boiler (evaporator) and condenser (condenser, cooling equipment) Because it is not a complete back-pressure type, it ensures power generation efficiency comparable to conventional steam power generation, and generates compressed air by sending the exhaust gas increased by mist and steam to the turbine for additional power generation. Higher power generation efficiency than the method can be obtained.
石炭火力、LNG及び廃熱を利用する発電には必ず排ガスの処理という工程が並存し、これらのプロセスと発電を完全に分離したシステムにおいては、おのずと熱循環や熱回収の効率化に限界があったが、排ガスの集塵、脱臭、脱硫、脱硝プロセスと新型発電装置を組み合わせることで、効率的なエネルギー回収（発電）と再生サイクルを行うことができる。 Power generation using coal-fired power, LNG, and waste heat always has a process of exhaust gas treatment. In a system that completely separates these processes from power generation, there is a limit to the efficiency of heat circulation and heat recovery. However, by combining exhaust gas dust collection, deodorization, desulfurization, and denitration processes with a new power generator, efficient energy recovery (power generation) and regeneration cycles can be performed.
これまでの大型プラントなどでの蒸気タービン発電では効率的な発電と再生サイクルを確保するために復水式（タービンから出た蒸気を凝縮器で冷却し液体に戻すことで復水器内を真空に近付け、タービンの排気を引き込む方式）を用いているがタービン車室内も真空に近い排気圧にまで蒸気を膨張させるには相応にタービン車室の構造を大型化する必要と真空に耐える強度が求められ製造コストも高価となるが本システムでは湿式浄化装置により蒸気を凝縮するものの真空近くに保つことを目的としたシステムではないことから抽気の設備を設ける必要が無いのはもちろんであるが、タービン車室を大型化する必要がなく真空に耐える高価な造りにする必要も無い。またタービンが高温にさらされるものの常にミストが噴霧されることから蒸気による羽根の冷却が促され、耐熱用の特殊合金などをタービンの材質に使用する必要がないので、ステンレス製のタービンブレード、ブロワー、ファンを扱う一般的なメーカーにおいて様々な仕様（軸流式、遠心式の選択や段数の組み方、またはスクリュー式（ロータリー、ルーツ形）のタービンを採用するかなど）で容易に作製が可能である。仮に耐熱性に問題を生じてもセラミック系断熱塗料等でコーティングすることで対応できるのでタービンが安価である。しかし、凝縮の作用により排気を引き込む現象（効果）も相当に得られるので、小型・簡便な蒸気タービン発電で主に採用されている背圧式による発電方法よりも効率的に発電できる。 In conventional steam turbine power generation at large plants, etc., a condensate system is used to ensure an efficient power generation and regeneration cycle (the steam inside the condenser is evacuated by cooling it with a condenser and returning it to a liquid. However, in order to expand the steam to the exhaust pressure close to the vacuum in the turbine casing, it is necessary to enlarge the structure of the turbine casing and to withstand the vacuum. Although it is required and the manufacturing cost is also expensive, in this system, it is not necessary to install a bleeder because it is not a system aiming to keep it close to vacuum although it condenses steam with a wet purification device, There is no need to increase the size of the turbine casing and to make it expensive to withstand vacuum. In addition, although the turbine is exposed to high temperatures, the mist is always sprayed, so cooling of the blades is promoted by steam, and there is no need to use a heat-resistant special alloy as the turbine material. Can be easily manufactured with various specifications (selection of axial flow type, centrifugal type, number of stages, or screw type (rotary, roots type) turbine) is there. Even if a problem arises in heat resistance, it can be handled by coating with a ceramic heat insulating paint or the like, so that the turbine is inexpensive. However, since a phenomenon (effect) of drawing exhaust gas by the action of condensation can be obtained considerably, it is possible to generate power more efficiently than the back pressure type power generation method mainly used in small-sized and simple steam turbine power generation.
請求項３記載の湿式浄化装置は排ガスの流入により充填液が図面における流路を半時計回りに循環し効率的に冷却することで蒸気を凝縮させるが、凝縮した液体は余熱を相当に持っている、これを再度タービンへ噴霧することでこれまでの蒸気タービン発電における復水式（熱交換器は用いず、ミストを噴霧することによって作動媒体を冷却し凝縮を促すもの）と同様の効率的な再生サイクルが得られるのはもちろんであるが外部で冷気を作り熱交換器を用いて該冷気との熱交換をすることで凝縮を促すものよりも高効率な再生サイクルが得られることに加え発電機に供給噴霧する作動媒体に尿素水を用いるので発電プロセスにおいて排気の浄化を高温状態かつ攪拌状態のもとで効率的に行うことができる。 The wet purification apparatus according to claim 3 condenses the vapor by allowing the filling liquid to circulate in the counterclockwise direction in the drawing counterclockwise by the inflow of exhaust gas and efficiently cool it, but the condensed liquid has considerable residual heat. By spraying this to the turbine again, it is as efficient as the conventional condensate method in steam turbine power generation (no heat exchanger is used, the mist is sprayed to cool the working medium and promote condensation) As a matter of course, it is possible to obtain a more efficient regeneration cycle than that which promotes condensation by creating cold air externally and exchanging heat with the cold air using a heat exchanger. Since urea water is used as the working medium supplied and sprayed to the generator, the exhaust gas can be purified efficiently in a power generation process under high temperature and stirring conditions.
高温のタービン内に微細なミストとして噴霧された尿素水からアンモニアが発生するので、アンモニアと窒素酸化物が反応し窒素と水に分解される。未反応の窒素酸化物とアンモニアは、そのまま活性炭吸着塔に送り込まれ、活性炭の触媒作用によって反応が促進され窒素と水に分解される。これにより一連のプロセスの中で無触媒還元法の効果と活性炭法の両方（複合方式）の効果を得ることができるため、リークアンモニア低減対策になる。複合方式により高効率に窒素酸化物を除去することができると共に脱硫も並行して行うことができ、活性炭吸着塔内にアンモニアが介在するので活性炭の再生時に活性炭が消費しにくく、ランニングコスト面において経済的な運用ができる。 Since ammonia is generated from the urea water sprayed as fine mist in the high-temperature turbine, ammonia and nitrogen oxides react to be decomposed into nitrogen and water. Unreacted nitrogen oxides and ammonia are sent directly to the activated carbon adsorption tower, where the reaction is accelerated by the catalytic action of the activated carbon and decomposed into nitrogen and water. As a result, the effects of both the non-catalytic reduction method and the activated carbon method (combined method) can be obtained in a series of processes, which is a measure for reducing leakage ammonia. Nitrogen oxide can be removed with high efficiency by the combined system and desulfurization can be performed in parallel, and since ammonia is intervened in the activated carbon adsorption tower, it is difficult to consume activated carbon during regeneration of the activated carbon. Economical operation is possible.
本件システムにおいて浄化された排ガスを燃焼炉へ燃焼空気として一部還流させることで発生する窒素酸化物を抑制でき、該湿式浄化装置における尿素水のオーバーフローを炉内または煙道に噴霧することで効率的に窒素酸化物の浄化が促進されることから、湿式浄化装置へ新たに供給する尿素水の濃度や量を節減できることに加え、廃棄する尿素水を限りなく減らす運用が可能である。 Nitrogen oxides generated by partially recirculating the exhaust gas purified in the system as combustion air to the combustion furnace can be suppressed, and efficiency is achieved by spraying the overflow of urea water in the wet purification device into the furnace or flue In addition, since the purification of nitrogen oxides is promoted, it is possible to reduce the concentration and amount of urea water newly supplied to the wet purification apparatus and to reduce the amount of urea water to be discarded as much as possible.
前記排気浄化の一連のサイクルで排出される廃棄物は脱硫が絡んだ場合でも、リークアンモニアのみとなるが（使用済みの活性炭をメンテナンスとして別途再生処理に回す運用をすることで、その処理過程で硫酸や硫安は有益な物質として回収されるので、使用済みの活性炭は廃棄物とはならない）、活性炭吸着塔を増強することや運転中に新たに湿式浄化装置に供給する尿素水の濃度と量を最適化することによりリークアンモニアの発生量や濃度の基準値をクリアーする運用が比較的容易におこなえ、別途中和剤等を使用しないので汚水を発生させない運用が可能で高度な廃水処理設備を必要としないことから、廃水処理設備の整っている下水処理施設だけでなく、それ以外の工場（コークス炉を含む）やごみの焼却設備等高温の排ガスを発生するプラント一般においても本システムの設置運用が可能。Even when desulfurization is involved, the waste discharged in a series of exhaust purification cycles is only leaked ammonia. (By using the used activated carbon for separate regeneration treatment as a maintenance, (Since sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate are recovered as useful substances, the used activated carbon is not a waste ), and the concentration and amount of urea water to be supplied to the wet purification equipment by increasing the activated carbon adsorption tower or during operation By optimizing the system, it is relatively easy to clear the standard value of the amount and concentration of leaked ammonia, and since no separate neutralizer is used, it is possible to operate without generating sewage and to establish an advanced wastewater treatment facility. Because it is not necessary, not only sewage treatment facilities equipped with wastewater treatment facilities, but also high temperature exhaust gas from other factories (including coke ovens) and waste incineration facilities Also it can be installed operation of this system in the plant general to live.
図１の実施例（フロ−）参照。 See the embodiment (flow) in FIG.
請求項２記載の発電装置に用いるタービンの種類であるが、これまで発電用に主に用いられてきた軸流式、遠心式等のタービンブレードでもよいが、排ガスの発生量の低下に追随してタービン効率が極端に低下することを避ける為には、スクリュー式、ロータリー式、ルーツ形を用いるのが望ましい。圧縮機（ブロワー）の種類についても、上記同様にその種類は限定しないが、圧縮機側と発電用タービンの車室側を仕切る役割を持たせ、流体（作動媒体）の逆流を防止する為にはスクリュー式、ロータリー式、ルーツ形を用いるのが望ましい。 Although it is a kind of turbine used for the power generator according to claim 2, it may be an axial flow, centrifugal turbine blade or the like that has been mainly used for power generation so far. Therefore, it is desirable to use a screw type, a rotary type, or a roots type in order to avoid an extremely low turbine efficiency. The type of the compressor (blower) is not limited in the same manner as described above. However, the compressor (blower) has a role of partitioning the compressor side and the turbine side of the power generation turbine to prevent backflow of fluid (working medium). It is desirable to use a screw type, a rotary type, or a roots type.
本発明は工場（コークス炉を含む）やごみの焼却設備、下水処理施設における高温排ガスの浄化プロセスと発電装置を組み合わせ、効率的なエネルギー回収（発電）と再生サイクルを行う方法と具体的装置に関するものである。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method and a specific apparatus for performing efficient energy recovery (power generation) and a regeneration cycle by combining a high-temperature exhaust gas purification process in a factory (including a coke oven), a waste incineration facility, and a sewage treatment facility with a power generation device. Is.
工場（コークス炉を含む）やごみの焼却設備、下水処理施設等で排出される高温排ガスの熱（エネルギー）回収は、一般的に温水ボイラや蒸気ボイラにより、温水や蒸気を得る方法でおこなわれている。そして大規模な設備では、蒸気ボイラで得られた蒸気で蒸気タービン発電機を駆動し排熱の回収を行っている。しかし、温水や蒸気については各プラント設備内において需要があれば有効な回収方法といえるが需要が無ければ有効な回収方法とはならず、また蒸気タービン発電においてはボイラや復水器等の付帯設備とその運用にかかるコストが高く、大規模なプラントにおいて大量の電気を発生できる場合には有効な回収方法であるが、比較的規模の大きくない設備から排出される熱量ではコストパフォーマンスが低いため、一般的な設備に導入されるには至っていないのが現状である。また、特殊タービンとして排ガスの膨張力を利用する排熱タービン発電機を設計している設計者も存在するがコストパフォーマンスの点で一般的な設備に導入されるには至っていないのが現状である。これに加え、先行技術として排ガスをミストやスチームで増量し加給機（ターボタービン）を駆動することで圧縮空気を作り出し、この圧縮空気を燃焼炉へ送る燃焼空気として利用するシステムに、付加的に発電用モーターを連結することで発電する技術は存在するが、完全な開放型（背圧式）の作動媒体の利用方式であり、主目的は圧縮空気を作り出して加圧流動炉焼却装置の制御を安定化することにある為、発電と排ガスの浄化プロセスは分離されており、効率的な発電を直接的な目的とするシステムではなかった。
排気の浄化についても、湿式の浄化装置としてスプレー式、バブル式等確立した技術は存在するものの、廃液の処理をする為の高度な廃水処理設備が必要であり、設備の整った下水処理施設等では容易に導入することが可能でも設備の整っていない工場等では廃液処理を外部に委託する費用や設備の設置コストがかさむという課題があった。Heat (energy) recovery of high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from factories (including coke ovens), waste incineration facilities, sewage treatment facilities, etc. is generally performed by a method that obtains hot water or steam using a hot water boiler or steam boiler. ing. In a large-scale facility, a steam turbine generator is driven by steam obtained from a steam boiler to recover exhaust heat. However, hot water and steam can be said to be an effective recovery method if there is demand within each plant facility, but if there is no demand, it will not be an effective recovery method, and steam turbine power generation is accompanied by boilers, condensers, etc. This is an effective recovery method when the cost of equipment and its operation is high and a large amount of electricity can be generated in a large-scale plant, but the cost performance is low for the amount of heat emitted from a relatively small-scale equipment. However, the current situation is that it has not been introduced into general equipment. In addition, there are designers who are designing exhaust heat turbine generators that utilize the expansion force of exhaust gas as special turbines, but they have not yet been introduced into general facilities in terms of cost performance. . In addition to this, as a prior art, the exhaust gas is increased by mist or steam and the turbocharger (turbo turbine) is driven to produce compressed air, and this compressed air is used as combustion air that is sent to the combustion furnace. Although there is technology to generate electricity by connecting a motor for power generation, it is a method of using a completely open type (back pressure type) working medium, and the main purpose is to create compressed air and control the pressurized flow furnace incinerator Because of the stabilization, the power generation and exhaust gas purification processes were separated, and the system was not directly aimed at efficient power generation.
As for the purification of exhaust gas, although there are established technologies such as spray type and bubble type as a wet type purification device, advanced wastewater treatment equipment for treating waste liquid is necessary and well-equipped sewage treatment facilities etc. However, there is a problem that the cost of outsourcing the waste liquid treatment and the installation cost of the equipment increase in a factory that can be easily introduced but is not equipped with facilities.
蒸気ボイラ（熱交換器、蒸発器）で得られた蒸気を用いて蒸気タービンを駆動し発電する方法は、付帯設備の設置や運用にかかるコストが高く、また高温（高圧）の排ガスをミストやスチームで増量してタービンを駆動し圧縮空気を作り出すことに付随して発電する方式は処理量が大量かつ一定していれば安定したタービン効率が得られるものの（先行技術文献参照）、処理量の少ない時間帯においてはタービン効率の低下が著しく発電量に対するコストパフォーマンスが必ずしも満足な数字を得られるわけではないシステムであることから両者とも一定規模以下の工場（コークス炉を含む）やプラント、下水処理施設等において廃熱による発電方法として一般的に用いられない方法であった。また、これらの発電には必ず排ガスの処理という工程が並存し、これらのプロセスと発電を完全に分離したシステムでは、熱回収（発電）と再生サイクルの効率化をはかることに限界があった。排気の浄化についても、湿式の浄化装置としてスプレー式、バブル式等確立した技術は存在するものの、廃液の処理をする為の高度な廃水処理設備が必要であり、設備の整った下水処理施設等では容易に導入することが可能でも設備の整っていない工場等では廃液処理を外部に委託する費用や設備の設置コストがかさむという課題があった。 The method of driving a steam turbine using steam obtained from a steam boiler (heat exchanger, evaporator) is expensive to install and operate ancillary equipment, and also uses high-temperature (high-pressure) exhaust gas as mist. The method of generating electricity accompanying the generation of compressed air by generating turbines by increasing the amount of steam can achieve stable turbine efficiency if the amount of processing is large and constant (see the prior art document), but the amount of processing In both times, the turbine efficiency is significantly reduced and the cost performance with respect to the amount of power generation is not necessarily a satisfactory system, so both of them are factories or smaller (including coke ovens), plants, and sewage treatment. This method is not generally used as a power generation method using waste heat in facilities. In addition, these power generations always have a process of exhaust gas treatment, and in a system in which these processes and power generation are completely separated, there is a limit in achieving efficient heat recovery (power generation) and regeneration cycles. As for the purification of exhaust gas, although there are established technologies such as spray type and bubble type as a wet type purification device, advanced wastewater treatment equipment for treating waste liquid is necessary and well-equipped sewage treatment facilities etc. However, there is a problem that the cost of outsourcing the waste liquid treatment and the installation cost of the equipment increase in a factory that can be easily introduced but is not equipped with facilities.
そこで、本発明は、蒸気ボイラや復水器などの高価な付帯設備を設けることも大規模化の必要もないエネルギー回収（発電）と再生サイクルを行える方法に加え、高度な廃水処理設備も不要である排気浄化方法、及びこれらを組み合わせたシステムに用いる具体的装置を提供する。 Therefore, the present invention eliminates the need for an advanced wastewater treatment facility in addition to a method capable of performing energy recovery (power generation) and a regeneration cycle without requiring an expensive incidental facility such as a steam boiler or a condenser or a large scale. An exhaust purification method and a specific device used in a system combining these methods are provided.
本発明は、上記の目的を達成するため、次の手段を採った。すなわち、サイクロン集塵機を通過した高温排ガスの膨張力で回転するタービン車室にブロワー（圧縮機）を用いて排ガスを導入すると共に、タービン車室入口またはタービン車室内もしくはその両方に尿素水のミストを噴霧し気化させ、タービン車室内における該ミストの気化膨張時のエネルギーを直接タービン駆動に利用することでタービンの回転力を増加させ、連結された発電用モーターによりエネルギー回収（発電）し、該タービン排気を湿式の脱臭、脱硫、脱硝、集塵装置（以下湿式浄化装置）へ送り込んで排ガスの浄化を行うと共に該気化したミストを凝縮したのちフィルターにより微細な塵埃を濾過したものを該タービンへの噴霧用ミストとして再び用い、該湿式浄化装置から排出された排気の一部又は全部を炉内へ還流させ、又は該排気を活性炭吸着塔へ送り込み、該活性炭吸着塔から排出される排ガスの一部又は全部を炉内へ還流させる。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has taken the following measures. In other words, exhaust gas is introduced into the turbine casing that is rotated by the expansion force of the high-temperature exhaust gas that has passed through the cyclone dust collector using a blower (compressor), and urea water mist is introduced into the turbine casing inlet and / or the turbine casing. By spraying and vaporizing, and using the energy at the time of vaporization and expansion of the mist in the turbine casing directly for driving the turbine, the rotational force of the turbine is increased, and energy recovery (power generation) is performed by the connected power generation motor. Exhaust gas is sent to wet deodorization, desulfurization, denitration, and dust collection equipment (hereinafter referred to as wet purification equipment) to purify the exhaust gas, and after condensing the vaporized mist, fine dust is filtered by the filter into the turbine. Used again as a spray mist, part or all of the exhaust discharged from the wet cleaning device is returned to the furnace. Or exhaust the infeed to the activated carbon adsorption tower, recirculating part or all of the exhaust gas discharged from the activated carbon adsorption tower into the furnace.
ブロワー（圧縮機）を備え、これにより導入される排ガスの膨張力で回転する羽根車（タービン翼）をタービン車室内に持ち、該タービン車室入口または該タービン車室内、もしくはその両方にミストを噴霧する構造と機能を備え、該タービンが発電用モーターと軸により連結されたことを特徴とする発電装置を作製する。 An impeller (turbine blade) having a blower (compressor) and rotating by the expansion force of the exhaust gas introduced thereby is held in the turbine casing, and mist is supplied to the turbine casing inlet or the turbine casing or both. A power generation apparatus having a structure and a function of spraying and having the turbine connected to a power generation motor by a shaft is produced.
ケーシングに排気取り入れ口と排出口を備え、取り入れ口から連なる空間Ａは下部へ向かうに従い漸次広がるように内壁を持ち、該空間Ａから該内壁にそって上部に向かう経路と、該空間Ａ下部から該空間より遠ざかるように傾斜して上部に向かう経路で結ばれた空間Ｂを持ち、該空間Ｂは、上方からミストを噴霧する構造とする小空間を複数個備え、それぞれの小空間は流入した排気が進むにつれ上方向に段差がつくかたちでエル字型の内壁を挟む関係で連なり、さらにエル字型の内壁に沿って排気が進む方向を変化させるよう傾斜（湾曲）する案内板を備え充填される液体が二段階でオーバーフローし、それぞれのオーバーフローを受ける空間にフィルターと排出口が設けられ、前記排気の取り入れ口付近にミスト噴霧器を備えたことを特徴とする脱臭、脱硫、脱硝、集塵装置（以下湿式浄化装置）を作製する The casing is provided with an exhaust intake port and an exhaust port, and the space A connected from the intake port has an inner wall so that it gradually expands toward the lower part, a path from the space A to the upper part along the inner wall, and a lower part of the space A The space B has a space B that is inclined so as to be farther away from the space and is connected by a route toward the upper portion, and the space B includes a plurality of small spaces that are configured to spray mist from above. As the exhaust gas advances, it is connected with a relationship that sandwiches the ellipsoidal inner wall with a stepped upward direction, and it is filled with a guide plate that is inclined (curved) to change the direction of exhaust gas flow along the ellipsoidal inner wall The liquid to be discharged overflows in two stages, and a filter and a discharge port are provided in the space where each overflow is received, and a mist sprayer is provided near the exhaust intake port. Making deodorization to symptoms, desulfurization, denitrification, dust collector (hereinafter wet purification device)
蒸気ボイラ（蒸発器）や復水器（凝縮器、冷却設備）などの高価な付帯設備の設置や大規模化の必要もなく、これまでの蒸気発電よりも比較的短い始動時間で稼動が可能であり、完全な背圧式でない為、これまでの蒸気発電に匹敵する発電効率を確保し、排ガスをミストやスチームで増量したものをタービンに送り込むことで圧縮空気を作り出し、付加的に発電をする方式よりも高効率の発電効率が得られる。 It is possible to operate with relatively shorter start-up time than conventional steam power generation without the need for expensive auxiliary equipment such as a steam boiler (evaporator) and condenser (condenser, cooling equipment) Because it is not a complete back-pressure type, it ensures power generation efficiency comparable to conventional steam power generation, and generates compressed air by sending the exhaust gas increased by mist and steam to the turbine for additional power generation. Higher power generation efficiency than the method can be obtained.
石炭、ＬＮＧ及び廃熱を利用する発電には必ず排ガスの処理という工程が並存し、これらのプロセスと発電を完全に分離したシステムにおいては、おのずと熱循環や熱回収の効率化に限界があったが、排ガスの集塵、脱臭、脱硫、脱硝プロセスと新型発電装置を組み合わせることで、効率的なエネルギー回収（発電）と再生サイクルを行うことができる。 In the power generation using coal, LNG and waste heat, there is always a process of exhaust gas treatment, and in a system that completely separates these processes and power generation, there is a limit to the efficiency of heat circulation and heat recovery. However, by combining exhaust gas dust collection, deodorization, desulfurization, and denitration processes with a new power generation device, efficient energy recovery (power generation) and regeneration cycle can be performed.
これまでの大型プラントなどでの蒸気タービン発電では効率的な発電と再生サイクルを確保するために復水式（タービンから出た蒸気を凝縮器で冷却し液体に戻すことで復水器内を真空に近付け、タービンの排気を引き込む方式）を用いているがタービン車室内も真空に近い排気圧にまで蒸気を膨張させるには相応にタービン車室の構造を大型化する必要と真空に耐える強度が求められ製造コストも高価となるが本システムでは湿式浄化装置により蒸気を凝縮するものの真空近くに保つことを目的としたシステムではないことから抽気の設備を設ける必要が無いのはもちろんであるが、タービン車室を大型化する必要がなく真空に耐える高価な造りにする必要も無い。またタービンが高温にさらされるものの常にミストが噴霧されることから蒸気による羽根の冷却が促され、耐熱用の特殊合金などをタービンの材質に使用する必要がないので、ステンレス製のタービンブレード、ブロワー、ファンを扱う一般的なメーカーにおいて様々な仕様（軸流式、遠心式の選択や段数の組み方、またはスクリュー式、ロータリー式、ルーツ形のタービンを採用するかなど）で容易に作製が可能である。仮に耐熱性に問題を生じてもセラミック系断熱塗料等でコーティングすることで対応できるのでタービンが安価である。しかし、凝縮の作用により排気を引き込む現象（効果）も相当に得られるので、小型・簡便な蒸気タービン発電で主に採用されている背圧式による発電方法よりも効率的に発電できる。 In conventional steam turbine power generation at large plants, etc., a condensate system is used to ensure an efficient power generation and regeneration cycle (the steam inside the condenser is evacuated by cooling it with a condenser and returning it to a liquid. However, in order to expand the steam to the exhaust pressure close to the vacuum in the turbine casing, it is necessary to enlarge the structure of the turbine casing and to withstand the vacuum. Although it is required and the manufacturing cost is also expensive, in this system, it is not necessary to install a bleeder because it is not a system aiming to keep it close to vacuum although it condenses steam with a wet purification device, There is no need to increase the size of the turbine casing and to make it expensive to withstand vacuum. In addition, although the turbine is exposed to high temperatures, the mist is always sprayed, so cooling of the blades is promoted by steam, and there is no need to use a heat-resistant special alloy as the turbine material. Can be easily manufactured with various specifications (selection of axial flow type, centrifugal type, how to set the number of stages, or whether a screw type, rotary type, or roots type turbine is adopted) in general manufacturers handling fans is there. Even if a problem arises in heat resistance, it can be handled by coating with a ceramic heat insulating paint or the like, so that the turbine is inexpensive. However, since a phenomenon (effect) of drawing exhaust gas by the action of condensation can be obtained considerably, it is possible to generate power more efficiently than the back pressure type power generation method mainly used in small-sized and simple steam turbine power generation.
請求項１及び明細書記載の湿式浄化装置は排ガスの流入により充填液が図面における流路を半時計回りに循環し効率的に冷却することで蒸気を凝縮させるが、凝縮した液体は余熱を相当に持っている、これを再度タービンへ噴霧することでこれまでの蒸気タービン発電における復水式（熱交換器は用いず、ミストを噴霧することによって作動媒体を冷却し凝縮を促すもの）と同様の効率的な再生サイクルが得られるのはもちろんであるが外部で冷気を作り熱交換器を用いて該冷気との熱交換をすることで凝縮を促すものよりも高効率な再生サイクルが得られ、発電機に供給噴霧する作動媒体に尿素水を用いるので発電プロセスにおいて排気の浄化を高温状態かつ攪拌状態のもとで効率的に行うことができる。The wet purification apparatus according to claim 1 and the specification condenses the vapor by the cooling of the filling liquid circulating in the drawing in the counterclockwise direction by the inflow of exhaust gas, and the condensed liquid is equivalent to the residual heat. This is the same as the condensate type in steam turbine power generation so far (no heat exchanger is used and the working medium is cooled and condensed by spraying mist) by spraying this to the turbine again Of course, it is possible to obtain a more efficient regeneration cycle than that which promotes condensation by creating cold air outside and exchanging heat with the cold air using a heat exchanger. Since urea water is used as the working medium supplied and sprayed to the generator, exhaust purification can be efficiently performed in a power generation process under a high temperature state and a stirring state.
高温のタービン内に微細なミストとして噴霧された尿素水からアンモニアが発生するので、アンモニアと窒素酸化物が反応し窒素と水に分解される。未反応の窒素酸化物とアンモニアは、そのまま活性炭吸着塔に送り込まれ、活性炭の触媒作用によって反応が促進され窒素と水に分解される。これにより一連のプロセスの中で無触媒還元法の効果と活性炭法の両方（複合方式）の効果を得ることができるため、リークアンモニア低減対策になる。複合方式により高効率に窒素酸化物を除去することができると共に脱硫も並行して行うことができ、活性炭吸着塔内にアンモニアが残留するので活性炭の再生時に活性炭が消費しにくく、ランニングコスト面において経済的な運用ができる。 Since ammonia is generated from the urea water sprayed as fine mist in the high-temperature turbine, ammonia and nitrogen oxides react to be decomposed into nitrogen and water. Unreacted nitrogen oxides and ammonia are sent directly to the activated carbon adsorption tower, where the reaction is accelerated by the catalytic action of the activated carbon and decomposed into nitrogen and water. As a result, the effects of both the non-catalytic reduction method and the activated carbon method (combined method) can be obtained in a series of processes, which is a measure for reducing leakage ammonia. Nitrogen oxide can be removed with high efficiency by the combined system and desulfurization can be performed in parallel. Ammonia remains in the activated carbon adsorption tower, so it is difficult to consume activated carbon during regeneration of the activated carbon. Economical operation is possible.
本件システムにおいて浄化された排ガスを燃焼炉へ燃焼空気として一部還流させることで発生する窒素酸化物を抑制でき、該湿式浄化装置における尿素水のオーバーフローを炉内または煙道に噴霧することで効率的に窒素酸化物の浄化が促進されることから、湿式浄化装置へ新たに供給する尿素水の濃度や量を節減できることに加え、廃棄する尿素水を限りなく減らす運用が可能である。 Nitrogen oxides generated by partially recirculating the exhaust gas purified in the system as combustion air to the combustion furnace can be suppressed, and efficiency is achieved by spraying the overflow of urea water in the wet purification device into the furnace or flue In addition, since the purification of nitrogen oxides is promoted, it is possible to reduce the concentration and amount of urea water newly supplied to the wet purification apparatus and to reduce the amount of urea water to be discarded as much as possible.
前記排気浄化の一連のサイクルで排出される廃棄物は脱硫が絡んだ場合でも、リークアンモニアのみとなるが（使用済みの活性炭をメンテナンスとして別途再生処理に回す運用をすることで、その処理過程で硫酸や硫安は有益な物質として回収されるので、使用済みの活性炭は産廃とはならない）、活性炭吸着塔を増強することや運転中に新たに湿式浄化装置に供給する尿素水の濃度と量を最適化することによりリークアンモニアの発生量や濃度の基準値をクリアーする運用が比較的容易におこなえ、別途中和剤等を使用しないので汚水を発生させない運用が可能で高度な廃水処理設備を必要としないことから、廃水処理設備の整っている下水処理施設だけでなく、それ以外の工場（コークス炉を含む）やごみの焼却設備等高温の排ガスを発生するプラント一般においても本システムの設置運用が可能。 Even when desulfurization is involved, the waste discharged in a series of exhaust purification cycles is only leaked ammonia. (By using the used activated carbon for separate regeneration treatment as a maintenance, Sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate are recovered as useful substances, so the used activated carbon is not industrial waste.) The concentration and amount of urea water to be supplied to the wet purification equipment can be increased by increasing the activated carbon adsorption tower or during operation. By optimizing, the operation to clear the standard value of the amount and concentration of leaked ammonia can be done relatively easily, and since no separate neutralizer is used, it can be operated without generating sewage and requires advanced wastewater treatment equipment. Therefore, not only sewage treatment facilities equipped with wastewater treatment facilities, but also other factories (including coke ovens) and waste incineration facilities emit high-temperature exhaust gas. Also it can be installed operation of this system in the plant general to be.
図１の実施例（フロー）参照。 See the embodiment (flow) in FIG.
請求項２記載の発電装置に用いるタービンの種類であるが、これまで発電用に主に用いられてきた軸流式、遠心式等のタービンブレードでもよいが、排ガスの発生量の低下に追随してタービン効率が極端に低下することを避ける為には、スクリュー式、ロータリー式、ルーツ形を用いるのが望ましい。圧縮機（ブロワー）の種類についても、上記同様にその種類は限定しないが、圧縮機側と発電用タービンの車室側を仕切る役割を持たせ、流体（作動媒体）の逆流を防止する為にはスクリュー式、ロータリー式、ルーツ形を用いるのが望ましい。 Although it is a kind of turbine used for the power generator according to claim 2, it may be an axial flow, centrifugal turbine blade or the like that has been mainly used for power generation so far. Therefore, it is desirable to use a screw type, a rotary type, or a roots type in order to avoid an extremely low turbine efficiency. The type of the compressor (blower) is not limited in the same manner as described above. However, the compressor (blower) has a role of partitioning the compressor side and the turbine side of the power generation turbine to prevent backflow of fluid (working medium). It is desirable to use a screw type, a rotary type, or a roots type.
工場（コークス炉を含む）やごみの焼却設備、下水処理施設における高温排ガスを回収し発電することに加え、効率的に排ガスを浄化する。 In addition to collecting and generating high-temperature exhaust gas from factories (including coke ovens), waste incineration facilities, and sewage treatment facilities, it efficiently purifies exhaust gases.
１ サイクロン集塵機
２ 請求項２記載の新型発電装置
３ 請求項１及び明細書記載の湿式浄化装置
４ 活性炭吸着塔
５ ブロワー（圧縮機）
６ ミスト噴霧器
７ ミスト噴霧器
８ 発電用タービン（車室）
９ 案内板（湾曲例）
１０ 案内板
１１ 空間Ａにおいて下部へ向かうに従い漸次広がる内壁 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cyclone dust collector 2 New power generation device of Claim 2 3 Wet purification device of Claim 1 and specification 4 Activated carbon adsorption tower 5 Blower (compressor)
6 Mist sprayer 7 Mist sprayer 8 Turbine for power generation (cabin)
9 Guide plate (curved example)
10 Guide plate 11 Inner wall that gradually expands toward the bottom in space A
Claims (3)
The casing has an exhaust intake port and an exhaust port, and a space A extending from the intake port has an inner wall so as to gradually expand toward the lower part, a path from the space A toward the upper part along the inner wall, and a lower part of the space A It has a space B that is connected by a path that is inclined away from the space and heads upward, and the space B includes a plurality of small spaces that are configured to spray mist from above, and each small space has flowed into the space B. As the exhaust gas advances, it is connected with a relationship that sandwiches the ellipsoidal inner wall with a stepped upward direction, and it is filled with a guide plate that is inclined (curved) to change the direction of exhaust gas flow along the ellipsoidal inner wall The liquid to be discharged overflows in two stages, and a filter and a discharge port are provided in the space where each overflow is received, and a mist sprayer is provided near the exhaust intake port. Wet deodorization to, desulfurization, denitrification, dust collector.
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