JPWO2011149031A1 - Liquid clathrate with gas molecules dissolved in high density - Google Patents

Abstract

Understand the actual state of water in which gas molecules are dissolved, and propose methods for its generation, observation, and use. A liquid clathrate is generated by dissolving gas molecules in the raw water. Gas molecules are present at least between the water molecules of the raw water, and the hydrogen bond rate thereof is smaller than the hydrogen bond rate of the raw water. The liquid clathrate is generated by causing super cavitation upon gas incorporation into water.

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid in which a gas is dissolved in water at high density in molecular units and a technique for using the same.

  It is known that various functions and properties can be imparted to a liquid by adding gas to water or many types of solutions (hereinafter collectively referred to as “liquid”). For example, a technique is known in which a predetermined function is exhibited by dissolving a gas in a liquid and simultaneously dissolving the gas in a liquid state in a bubble state. In addition, in order to further enhance the characteristic effect exhibited by the gas bubbles and to maintain the effect, there is a technique for generating fine gas bubbles such as microbubbles and nanobubbles and dissolving the fine bubbles in the liquid.

  Although it varies depending on the type of gas, it has been proved that the gas dissolves to a certain saturation concentration depending on the temperature and pressure of the liquid, but no change in the water structure has been confirmed in that case. Bubbles can be dissolved in water regardless of saturation concentration, and bubbles smaller than 500 nm (nanometers) are said to be less susceptible to buoyancy. However, even ultrafine and tens of nanometer-sized bubbles are very large masses of gas that are far from the level of the size of gas molecules. It has not been confirmed that some kind of change has occurred from the water in the same manner as the liquid in which the gas is dissolved at the saturated concentration.

  The above technique is used in a liquid (liquid phase). On the other hand, as a gas dissolution technique in a solid (solid phase), techniques called gas hydrate and clathrate are known. These technologies attempt to solidify by bringing the gas into contact with the liquid and maintaining the environment in which the gas and the liquid are in contact at a high pressure under a low pressure close to high pressure and ice temperature or minus tens of degrees Celsius. Is. As a result, a gas hydrate that is a clathrate compound that has become a solid, while generating a portion in which gas molecules (guest molecules) are confined in a cage structure (cage) composed of a combination of a plurality of liquid molecules, A class rate is generated. In other words, hydrate and clathrate here are icy solids with interstitial bonds between molecules or slurry-like fluids with interstitial bonds formed in part of water. This refers to a material state in which a phenomenon has been observed only in a phase that is clearly different from the water structure that is not.

  Practical use of ice-like gas hydrate and clathrate as described above for energy saving, low cost storage and transportation of LNG (Liquid Natural Gas) and CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) Is being considered. In the process of generating gas hydrate and clathrate, a condition is required that gas and liquid are mixed in a low temperature of about 0 ° C. or less and a high pressure environment of several tens of atmospheres or more. Furthermore, storage of the generated gas hydrate and clathrate requires a low-temperature environment condition of minus several tens of degrees Celsius or less.

  On the other hand, in Patent Document 1, water is irradiated with non-heatable infrared rays having a wavelength of 2 μm to 10 μm to change the OH stretching vibration of water molecules, thereby breaking hydrogen bonds between water molecules and restructuring the water structure. A method has been proposed to generate water clathrate. However, no proposal for gas mixing is included. Even if a certain amount of hydrogen bond is cut by water alone without containing gas, the water molecule moves freely at a high speed of nanoseconds or less in the molecular motion of water. Energy is not kept in the same state for a long time, and it is difficult to think of giving a stable change to the water structure.

  In Patent Document 2, a slurry-like solution or ice containing gas hydrate and a slurry-like solution or ice containing no gas hydrate are both subjected to the same conditions, and the OH absorption band of water in a predetermined range. A gas hydrate concentration detection method is disclosed in which near-infrared spectroscopy is measured and the OH absorption peaks of water molecules are compared. However, this is only a method for measuring solid crystals or solid mixtures such as slurry or ice, and is greatly different from a material state in which there is a change in the water structure of the liquid.

  Patent Document 3 describes a technique for generating ultrafine bubbles of gas having a diameter of 50 μm or less and exhibiting the property that the water pressure is 1 atm or higher and the rising speed is slower than 1 mm / second in water. This document describes a technique in which hydrate nuclei are forcibly formed by the self-compression effect and collapse phenomenon of the ultrafine bubbles. Although it is expressed as underwater in the description, it is a supercooling condition where the water temperature at the time of formation is 0.7 ° C from the hydrate equilibrium condition temperature. It can be understood that the method of gas-liquid mixing is limited to a state where the interstitial bonds are beginning to exist, and the state in which interstitial bonds are beginning to exist is apparently at least partially in water. Furthermore, in this document, no examination is made on the state of water molecules and changes in kinetic energy.

  Further, Patent Document 4 discloses a water treatment method in which vacuum microbubbles are generated by cavitation by injection of a high-pressure water jet in water flowing in a water channel, and a magnetic field is applied to the vacuum microbubbles. Although the theory that the water molecule clusters are refined by the collapse of the microbubbles has been disclosed, the examination of the state of the water molecules such as the change of the water structure has not been actually conducted.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-289335 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-115560 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-263152 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-181449

  Any technique directed at water and other liquids is limited to methods in which the liquid is slurried or contacted or mixed with the gas with reduced kinetic energy by cooling to at least near 0 ° C. . It is produced by a gas mixing method under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, and there is no literature that proposes a special change in water structure, and no measurement analysis has been attempted.

  The present invention proposes a generation method, an observation method, a utilization method, and the like after grasping the actual state of water in which gas is dissolved.

  The inventor has intensively studied a technique for dissolving various gases in water. And in the liquid (gas dissolved liquid) generated by dissolving gas in water under certain conditions, the gas bubbles can be observed, but under certain conditions, various types of measurements can be performed. It was confirmed that gas bubbles could not be observed. In addition, it was confirmed that gas bubbles could not be observed even when an amount of gas exceeding the concentration previously considered as the supersaturated concentration of the gas was dissolved in water.

  In other words, for liquids in which bubbles could be observed, the distribution of bubbles present from the Brownian motion of the bubbles was calculated by laser diffraction or a dynamic light scattering photometer, and the observation was performed by analogizing the presence of bubbles. . In this process, the inventor aimed to obtain finer bubbles by adjusting the configuration of the ejector used for mixing water and gas and adjusting the pressure conditions and the like as appropriately as possible. The inventor is able to obtain a finer bubble by compressing and deforming the bubble more strongly by causing a high-density cavitation action to occur in the water at the moment of mixing and dissolving the gas in the water by adjusting the conditions. It was because of consideration.

  In the process of generating a gas-dissolved liquid by an ejector under a predetermined condition, cavitation occurs from the edge portion of the orifice portion (small path) of the ejector that is introduced into the water and mixed in water. It was discovered that when the water velocity was increased regardless of the diameter, the dissolution of the gas was confirmed despite the absence of bubbles in the produced liquid, and a stable solubility was maintained over a long period of time.

  As a result of detailed observation and examination of this liquid and its production process, the inventors have found that when gas is mixed in water that moves several tens of nanometers in nanoseconds, in addition to normal cavitation, It was found that bubbles were exploded by cavitation, and molecular particles (single molecules) or molecular groups were generated and dispersed in water. In other words, the clathrate hydrate phenomenon, which is thought to be manifested only in the solid phase, is not just the dissolution of gas bubbles, that is, the clathrate hydrate phenomenon in which the guest gas exists in the water structure as a molecule. The inventor has found that the liquid phase conditions are different from those of the solid phase.

  The liquid is considered to be a substance to be grasped as a “liquid clathrate”, which is generated by dissolving gas molecules in water. In addition to the fact that bubbles are not observed with laser diffraction and dynamic light scattering photometers in the liquid, even an angstrom-sized bubble called Spring 8 X-ray small-angle scattering measurement can be measured by the difference in density. It was confirmed that it was not observed. On the other hand, by infrared analysis, it was surprisingly confirmed that a state in which hydrogen bonds between water molecules were clearly reduced as compared with normal water was realized.

  That is, in the liquid clathrate, gas molecules or gas molecule groups are dissolved at high density throughout the water to such an extent that gas molecules or gas molecule groups enter between water molecules and change the hydrogen bond distance between water molecules. The gas molecule or gas molecule group is not affected by buoyancy, but continues to exist stably in water in which the bonds of water molecules are continuously switched (molecular recombination motion). In addition, this state is achieved even when the water temperature at the time of generation is around 20 ° C / atmospheric pressure and is maintained, and gas molecules intervene between liquid molecules (water molecules) at normal temperature and normal pressure. The inventor succeeded in obtaining new knowledge and materials.

  The present invention, which can be derived from the above matters, is a liquid clathrate produced by dissolving gas molecules in raw water, wherein the gas molecules are present at least between the water molecules of the raw water, and the hydrogen bond rate is hydrogen bonding of the raw water. The liquid clathrate is smaller than the rate.

  In the liquid clathrate, it can also be specified that hydrogen bonds between water molecules have disappeared due to gas molecules entering between water molecules. Further, in the liquid clathrate, it can be specified that the hydrogen bond energy is smaller than the hydrogen bond energy of the raw water.

  The raw water may be a raw solution containing at least one of organic substances and microorganisms.

  Further, in the liquid clathrate, by dissolving gas molecules in the raw water, the water cluster portion in the raw water in which water molecules are gathered at a higher density than the surroundings is crushed, and the water cluster is compared with the raw water. It is specified that the refined water cluster part is retained by the fact that the part is refined and the gas molecules are diffused and present in the raw water.

  Furthermore, the present invention provides a liquid clathrate produced by dissolving gas molecules in water, wherein the amount of hydrogen bond energy between water molecules measured by infrared spectroscopy is smaller than that of water. Including.

  Furthermore, the present invention provides a liquid clathrate produced by dissolving gas molecules in raw water, wherein the gas molecules are present at least between the water molecules of the raw water, and the water molecules are gathered at a higher density than the surrounding water. A liquid clathrate in which the number of water molecules in the cluster part is smaller than the number of water molecules in the water cluster part in the raw water is also included.

  Furthermore, the present invention provides a liquid clathrate produced by dissolving gas molecules in raw water, wherein the gas molecules are at least the raw water under a liquid phase in which no interstitial bond is generated between the water molecules of the raw water. It also includes liquid clathrate that exists between water molecules.

  The above liquid clathrate naturally varies depending on the gas type, and further varies depending on the water temperature condition. However, both the dissolution phenomenon in which gas molecules are completely dissolved in water and the bubble phenomenon in which bubbles are present. Regardless of the extent of the phenomenon, the target is a liquid in which gas molecules exist in a state that affects water kinetic energy and hydrogen bonding rate. That is, the liquid clathrate of the present invention targets not only a liquid containing only gas molecules but also a liquid containing both gas molecules and bubbles.

  Furthermore, the present invention is a liquid clathrate generating device that generates a liquid clathrate by dissolving gas molecules in water, and includes at least a throttle ramp, a small-diameter path, and an open ramp, and from the throttle ramp A venturi pipe for sending water to the open ramp through the small path, and a gas supply unit connected to the small diameter section for supplying gas, and the cross-sectional area of the throttle ramp is directed toward the small path. The sectional area of the open ramp increases as it moves away from the small path, and the venturi tube has its tip adjacent to the small path in the open ramp and generates a first cavitation action. The cross-sectional area is increased as the distance from the small path from the tip is increased. An enlargement which also includes a liquid clathrate generating device comprising at least comprises supercavitation working portion.

  In the liquid clathrate generating apparatus, the tip of the super cavitation acting part can be constituted by a flat part, and the enlarged part can be constituted by a conical shape. Further, a region including at least the tip is arranged around the venturi tube, and a strong magnetic field connecting a ferromagnetic metal and a magnetic circuit arranged around the device with a member constituting the core of the super cavitation acting portion. A structure capable of applying a magnetic action across the liquid flow path can be obtained.

  Furthermore, the present invention is a liquid clathrate generation method for generating a liquid clathrate by dissolving gas molecules in water, wherein water is sent from a throttle ramp of a venturi pipe through a small path to an open ramp, Gas is supplied from the gas supply unit connected to the small path into the small path by the suction pressure of water sent from the small path to the open ramp, and is sent from the small path to the open ramp at high speed. The gas bubbles are compressed by the first cavitation of the generated water to generate fine gas bubbles, and the fine gas bubbles moving along the flow of water are made to collide again with a predetermined portion at high speed. Also included is a liquid clathrate generation method in which gas molecules are generated by pulverizing the fine gas bubbles by cavitation and diffused in water.

  In the liquid clathrate generation method, a magnetic field across the predetermined portion can be applied. Liquid clathrate produced by the method is also included in the present invention.

  Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for observing a liquid clathrate produced by dissolving gas molecules in raw water, wherein the liquid clathrate is cooled to a predetermined temperature or lower and infrared rays are irradiated to the cooled liquid clathrate. By comparing the infrared absorbance of the liquid clathrate with the infrared absorbance of the raw water obtained in advance, the hydrogen bond rate of the liquid clathrate is smaller than the hydrogen bond rate of the raw water, and gas molecules in the liquid clathrate Includes a method for observing a liquid clathrate, wherein at least the water is observed between water molecules of the raw water. Further, the present invention is an observation device for a liquid clathrate generated by dissolving gas molecules in raw water, the cooling device for cooling the liquid clathrate to a predetermined temperature or lower, and the cooled liquid class Irradiating the rate with infrared, and comparing the infrared absorbance of the liquid clathrate with the infrared absorbance of the raw water obtained in advance, the hydrogen bond rate of the liquid clathrate is smaller than the hydrogen bond rate of the raw water, the liquid class And an infrared spectroscopic analyzer that observes that gas molecules are present at least between water molecules in the raw water in the rate.

  The gas molecules described above include oxygen molecules, nitrogen molecules, hydrogen molecules, ozone molecules, carbon dioxide gas molecules, etc., but the gas types of these molecules are not limited and include other gases and other gases. The gas concentration is not limited.

  According to the present invention, a new liquid in which gas molecules are dissolved, which has never been known before, is generated and its unique properties are clarified, and a method for using the same is also presented.

Schematic diagram showing a state in which other gas molecules have entered between water molecules. (A) is a schematic diagram which shows the state of the water molecule in normal water, (b) is a schematic diagram which shows the state in which the gas molecule entered between water molecules. Conceptual diagram of super cavitation Schematic configuration diagram of a gas mixture generator Perspective view of the gas-liquid mixing device in the gas-liquid generating device Schematic diagram showing the process of diffusion of gas molecules from gas bubbles by supercavitation (A) is a perspective view of a general-purpose Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyzer, and (b) is a perspective view of a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyzer for observing the liquid clathrate of the present invention. Measurement data showing the results of infrared analysis of raw water Measurement data showing the observation results of infrared analysis of raw filtered water Measurement data showing observation results of infrared analysis of oxygen water Measurement data showing the results of infrared analysis of nitrogen water Measurement data showing the results of infrared analysis of hydrogen water Measurement data showing observation results of infrared analysis of ozone water Graph showing the value obtained by subtracting the raw water measurement data from the filtered raw water measurement data Graph showing the value obtained by subtracting the raw water measurement data from the oxygen water measurement data Graph showing the value obtained by subtracting the raw water measurement data from the nitrogen water measurement data Graph showing the value obtained by subtracting the raw water measurement data from the hydrogen water measurement data A graph showing the value obtained by subtracting the raw water measurement data from the ozone water measurement data (A) is a schematic diagram which shows the state of the water cluster in normal water, (b) is a schematic diagram which shows the state of the water cluster in the liquid clathrate of this invention. Conceptual diagram of a wastewater treatment facility using the conventional activated sludge method Conceptual diagram of wastewater treatment facility in activated sludge process using oxygen molecule dissolved liquid of the present invention (A), (b) is the photograph which shows the weight loss effect after the non-action of the waste water sludge purified by the facilities of FIG. 20 and FIG. 21, respectively. (A), (b) is a photograph showing the state of microorganisms before and after the action in waste water purified by the facilities of FIGS. 20 and 21, respectively. (A) is a photograph showing a viscous material after a predetermined time has elapsed after adding a thickener to commercially available carbonated water, and (b) is a liquid clathrate produced by mixing carbon dioxide molecules with raw water to increase the viscosity. Showing a viscous material that has passed for a certain period of time after the agent is added Graph showing the results of an experiment to observe changes in stress markers in urine

  Before explaining the present invention, general concepts of clathrate and hydrate that are useful for understanding the present invention will be described. A clathrate is a substance that exists in a stable state regardless of bonds such as covalent bonds because other substance atoms and molecules enter the space created by the crystal lattice of a given compound. Are known. It is also called an inclusion compound (also referred to as “inclusion”, “embracing”, etc.). For example, in the case of a silicon clathrate, a guest atom such as an alkali metal is present in a predetermined crystal structure (various types) of silicon.

  Hydrate (gas hydrate), also called water clathrate compound, is a substance that exists in a state where other gas molecules enter the gaps of a three-dimensional network structure composed of water molecules by hydrogen bonds. Commonly known as Methane hydrate, which is particularly well-known, is a substance like ice and sherbet that looks like methane molecules formed by entering methane molecules into the gaps of a three-dimensional network structure composed of water molecules. Since it is a natural resource that exists in large quantities in the near sea, its effective use is expected.

  As it is known that methane hydrate is present in solid form in the seabed and frozen soil, substances such as clathrate and hydrate can be used under conditions of high pressure environment, freezing temperature range or lower temperature. It is generally recognized that it exists in the form of a solid material having a predetermined crystal structure.

  On the other hand, when describing the concept of the present invention, terms such as “hydrate” and “clathrate” can also be used. “Hydrate” and “clathrate” in the case of meaning a product according to the present invention are It does not have the generally recognized solid / crystal lattice structure and properties described above.

  That is, as already explained, water as a base material in the present invention is only a liquid, not a structure in which interstitial bonds such as a solid / crystal lattice are combined, and differs from conventional clathrates and hydrates in this respect. The substance of the present invention can also be called a liquid clathrate (liquid hydrate). Although there is a fundamental difference between the conventional solid-phase gas-containing substance that is a crystallized icy solid and the matrix state of the flowing liquid phase according to the present invention, the gas is dispersed in water in molecular units. In this respect, it is common to express the class rate.

  In 2005, R.J.D.Miller et al. Reported that structural changes caused by laser pulse irradiation in water are lost within 50 femtoseconds. (Ultrafast memory loss and energy redistribution in the hydrogen bond network of liquid H2O; Nature 434, 199-202, published March 10, 2005). In other words, the movement change of water is an extremely short-time movement, and it is difficult to perform reliable observation even in the limit range that can be measured in time. Even if there is no change in the pressure conditions surrounding the water to be observed, the kinetic energy may fluctuate greatly due to changes in the water temperature, making it impossible to measure quantitatively. Has hindered the elucidation of research.

A conceptual diagram of a liquid clathrate which is a product of the present invention is shown in FIG. This is a model showing the molecular state at the moment when water moves continuously. In FIG. 1, H atom in water molecule H ₂ O is bonded to O atom having a large electronegativity by a covalent bond (solid line in the figure) and has a positive (+) charge (hydrogen ion). . This H atom is also bonded to a negative (−) charged O atom in another H ₂ O molecule by a hydrogen bond (dotted line in the figure). In non-impurity water, the area other than each molecule in the figure is a non-material space, and water and hydrated substances such as alcohol can enter this non-material space. In this case, the total amount is reduced by a certain amount from the simple sum of both volumes. In addition, in the molecular motion of water, positively charged hydrogen ions pass between the oxygen atoms of two negatively charged water molecules (catch balls) where hydrogen bonds are present. Is known to have occurred.

When the gas is dissolved in water, it is expressed as dissolution that molecules of the gas, which is another substance that is not H ₂ O, are allowed to dissolve in the non-material space like alcohol. Although the concentration of dissolved gas varies depending on the conditions of the environmental pressure acting on water and the water temperature, it is known that the amount of a specific gas dissolved in water under a certain condition is a certain amount. On the other hand, it has not been observed that the kinetic energy between water molecules, that is, the hydrogen bond rate changes in the dissolution phenomenon below the saturation concentration. This means that the conventionally known gas dissolving action does not change the hydrogen bonding rate of water.

  And this time, the inventor has produced for the first time a process in which water treatment by gas-liquid mixing under certain conditions brings about a clear change in the hydrogen bonding rate of water, and a substance in which such a change is recognized. The existence was clarified. That is, in the liquid hydrate that is the substance, the gas enters at high density between water molecules in molecular units and spreads the non-substance region, so the ratio of hydrogen bonds between water molecules is established (hydrogen bond rate ), However, it is reduced to a measurable level compared to the hydrogen bond rate of water that does not contain gas molecules.

  This arrangement relationship (the arrangement relationship in which gas molecules affect the hydrogen bond between water molecules) fluctuates by repeating disintegration and bonding in units of a few tens of femtoseconds to picoseconds due to molecular motion, It is difficult to observe. However, in the liquid clathrate of the present invention, the arrangement relationship is stable and maintained so that measurement comparison is possible even for samples after several hours. Since gas molecules are diffused throughout the water and dispersed at high density, the decrease in hydrogen bonding rate based on the arrangement relationship can be measured so that it can be observed as a total amount, and is maintained for a long time. It is thought that. As will be described later, the hydrogen bonding rate is also caused by a phenomenon in which a mass of water molecules called a water cluster collapses due to the emission and interposition of gas molecules in the process of gas-liquid mixing. It is estimated that a decrease in In the liquid clathrate of the present invention, even when the dissolved gas concentration is equal to or lower than the saturated concentration, a phenomenon that the hydrogen bond rate is clearly reduced as compared with undissolved water can be confirmed.

  The liquid clathrate of the present invention is produced by dissolving gas molecules in water and is also grasped as “water clathrate”. Here, the original water before the gas molecules are dissolved is defined as “raw water”. Raw water includes everything that is conceptualized as water, such as general drinking water, industrial water, and pure water, and also includes water that contains some impurities. Furthermore, water containing organic matter and microorganisms as will be described later is also included, but water including such intentionally mixed water is also understood as a “stock solution”.

  As a result of the gas molecules being dissolved in the raw water, a liquid clathrate is generated. The hydrogen bond rate of the liquid clathrate is smaller than the hydrogen bond rate of the raw water before the gas molecules are dissolved. That is, the rate at which the hydrogen bond rate is established between water molecules in the liquid clathrate is lower than the rate at which the hydrogen bond rate is established in the raw water. In the liquid clathrate of the present invention, since the liquid form is maintained in a state where gas molecules are dissolved in water (raw water), the liquid clathrate of the present invention can also be called a gas molecule-dissolved liquid.

  From another viewpoint, in the liquid clathrate of the present invention, gas molecules existing in a non-material space between water molecules in water (a space that originally has nothing other than elementary particles such as electrons and neutrons) increase. It is grasped by the phenomenon that the non-material space is expanded and the hydrogen bond between water molecules is annihilated. Gas molecules enter between the water molecules, hindering the catching of hydrogen ions between them. In that phenomenon, the gas molecules extend the distance between water molecules to a distance larger than the distance at which water molecules can be connected by hydrogen bond energy, and the total amount decreases when the hydrogen bond energy between water molecules is measured. Has reached.

  Further, in the liquid clathrate of the present invention, due to the action of gas molecules, the hydrogen bond energy due to hydrogen bonds not only between water molecules but also between hydrogen ions and other contaminants is lower than the hydrogen bond energy of raw water. It can be said that.

  As another reason, as will be described later, gas bubbles and gas molecule groups explode in the process of enclosing gas in a liquid using a high-speed and high-strength phenomenon such as cavitation, as will be described later. Is radiated. As will be described later, it is considered that the water cluster on the orbit where the gas molecules move is partly divided, and as a total amount, the phenomenon occurs as the hydrogen bonding rate decreases. Furthermore, the gas molecules that have been radiated and traveled stop due to the resistance of water, and are scattered at a very high density throughout the water. The phenomenon in which hydrogen bonds generated in this series of processes are disconnected (mainly the disappearance of hydrogen bonds between water clusters) and the phenomenon in which hydrogen bonds are difficult to form due to the aforementioned gas molecules (mainly between hydrogen molecules) It is considered that the phenomenon of change in water properties disclosed this time is brought about by the action of both phenomena of disappearance of hydrogen bonds. It is considered that the phenomenon that the water cluster is collapsed leads to the result that the hydrogen bond rate is remarkably reduced even under the condition of the saturation concentration or less.

  As described later, these functions described above are liquids with a high density and a high concentration so that the hydrogen bonding rate can be clearly observed by infrared spectroscopy as compared with the raw water which is the original water. This is causing a significant property change in the raw water (ie, gas molecules are scattered in the water at high density and high concentration). In addition, although concepts such as hydrogen bond rate and hydrogen bond energy are presented as factors to be compared with raw water and liquid clathrate, it is necessary to compare under the same conditions. For example, it is necessary to compare between raw water and liquid clathrate in which components other than gas molecules are equivalent. Furthermore, it is necessary to keep the water temperature constant. Furthermore, since the water kinetic energy becomes intense as the water temperature rises and the difficulty of measurement increases, it is important to keep the measurement at a low water temperature, preferably 4 ° C., which is said to be the most stable molecular density of water. In addition, in order to observe the degree of change without errors, it is necessary to measure the target liquid sample for both raw water and gas-dissolved water, average the data, and compare the averaged data together to capture clear differences. Can do. Under such conditions, the hydrogen bond rate, hydrogen bond energy, etc. described above are meaningful between raw water and liquid clathrate, and there is a difference that can be captured between the two. is there.

  The movement of individual water molecules and gas molecules, the state of the intermolecular network is a story of the microworld, and is constantly changing in motion at the picosecond level, so it cannot be observed directly. However, by capturing the hydrogen bond energy of the entire water, the behavior of gas molecules in the liquid clathrate can be observed. Even in normal water, hydrogen bonds between water molecules are repeatedly generated and disappeared due to molecular motion. However, in the liquid clathrate of the present invention, gas molecules enter between water molecules, thereby causing hydrogen bonds between water molecules. Disappears at a higher frequency than water (number of times hydrogen bonds disappear per unit time).

  2 (a) is a schematic diagram showing the behavior of water molecules in normal water, and FIG. 2 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the behavior of water molecules and gas molecules in the liquid clathrate of the present invention. Corresponds to a view of a wider range. FIG. 2B shows an example in which the gas molecules are ozone molecules, but the gas molecules are not limited to ozone molecules. As shown in FIG. 2A, in normal water, water molecules are in a state of repeating hydrogen bonding and breaking at intervals of nanoseconds or less. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2B, in the liquid clathrate, the gas molecules explode radially and diffuse according to the method described later, proceed through the water clusters as shown in FIG. It is maintained in the ocean space of water molecules where it stops due to resistance. Here, the gas molecules annihilate part of the bonds by refining the water cluster part having a higher hydrogen bond rate than the surroundings, and prevent the hydrogen bond formation condition by the above-mentioned mechanism of hydrogen bonds. It works to reduce some. The water cluster will be explained later.

  Moreover, the method for determining whether a predetermined liquid corresponds to the liquid clathrate of the present invention is not limited to a specific method, and any method can be adopted. An example of a simple method is a method of taking out gas from a liquid by reducing pressure. The liquid (molecules) whose hydrogen bonding rate or the like has been measured in advance is placed under a decompression condition sufficient for degassing using a known apparatus, whereby the dissolved gas (molecules) can be forcibly degassed. It is possible to determine whether or not the liquid to be determined is a liquid clathrate by measuring the hydrogen bond rate or the like of the liquid (raw water) remaining as a result of the process and comparing it with the original liquid.

  Next, the concept of supercavitation adopted this time for the generation of the liquid clathrate of the present invention will be described. General cavitation is also called a cavitation phenomenon, where a low-pressure part of a fluid (such as water) flowing at high speed evaporates, creating a pocket of steam in a very short time, and crushing in a very short time A phenomenon that disappears. It is possible to intentionally perform high intensity mixing by mixing gas in a place where the cavitation phenomenon occurs. Super cavitation is a method for generating a large amount of general cavitation more actively and reducing friction between an object and surrounding fluid. That is, super cavitation is a phenomenon in which an effect of reducing frictional drag with a substance in contact with a fluid is developed in the downstream region in the fluid flow direction by causing cavitation at a high density. This is because the liquid around the object is vaporized by cavitation, but the drag is reduced because the density of the gas is much smaller than the fluid liquid. In this example, the resistance in the mixing device is further reduced to increase the flow rate of the liquid containing gas, and the strength of the cavitation action is increased to increase the gas bubble fragmentation effect and cause gas molecules to explode. It was used for the purpose of giving the effect of being emitted as molecular particles.

  FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing a state in which super cavitation occurs. Super cavitation SC occurs behind the object (black) placed in the liquid flowing at high speed (the part shown in gray).

  Next, the structure of the gas mixture generation apparatus in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The gas mixture generation apparatus 201 includes a storage tank 202, a gas supply device 203, a circulation system device 204 that returns the liquid to be treated taken out from the storage tank 202 to the storage tank 202, and a gas provided in the middle of the circulation system device 204. A liquid mixing device (liquid clathrate generating device) 205, a dissolution accelerating tank 206, and a temperature holding device 207 attached to the storage tank 202 are included.

  As shown in FIG. 4, raw water as a liquid to be treated can be injected into the storage tank 202 via a water intake valve 202v. The storage tank 202 is for storing raw water taken in and a gas mixture circulated through a circulation system device 204 described later, that is, a liquid clathrate. The liquid stored in the storage tank 202 is held in the range of, for example, 1 to 20 ° C. by the temperature holding device 207. By setting the temperature within this range, for example, when the gas molecule is an ozone molecule, the ozone self-decomposition phenomenon associated with the temperature rise explained by the Henry constant is suppressed, and ozone dissolution and concentration increase are efficiently performed and dissolved. It is possible not to reduce the concentration of ozone. Gases other than ozone hardly have the property of decomposition due to temperature rise, but by keeping the water temperature at a high temperature, it is possible to maintain a certain degree of stability of water molecule motion and maintain high processing efficiency as a result. The temperature holding device 207 can be omitted depending on conditions. The temperature setting range can also be set in consideration of the type and nature of the liquid to be treated (raw water and / or liquid clathrate) and gas (gas group), the presence or absence of additives, and the like. The temperature holding device 207 includes a pump 211 for taking out the liquid to be treated from the storage tank 202 and a cooler 212 for cooling the taken out liquid to be treated. Between the storage tank 202, the pump 211 and the cooler 212. Are connected by a pipe 213 through which the liquid to be processed passes.

  With the above configuration, the liquid to be treated stored in the storage tank 202 is taken out of the storage tank 202 by the action of the pump 211 and sent to the cooler 212. The cooler 212 cools the liquid to be processed sent to a temperature within a predetermined range and returns it to the storage tank 202. The pump 211 is operated only when the temperature of the liquid to be treated in the storage tank 202 measured by a thermometer outside the figure exceeds a predetermined range and needs to be cooled. By providing the storage tank 202, the above-described cooling can be performed by temporarily storing the liquid to be processed, and the liquid to be processed is put in a stable state. For example, when the gas molecules are ozone molecules, While maintaining the state of ozone, dissolution can be promoted by an action similar to aging. In addition, when there exists a possibility that a to-be-processed liquid may freeze in a cold district etc., it can also comprise so that a to-be-processed liquid may be heated using a heater apparatus with the said cooler instead of the said cooler. .

  The gas supply device 203 in the present embodiment is a device for generating and supplying a predetermined gas. Basically, the gas-liquid mixing device 205 generates a vacuum phenomenon due to the occurrence of cavitation, and the supply gas is sucked from the gas supply device 203 at a negative pressure, but may be supplied after squeezing or the like as necessary. Is possible. As long as the necessary amount of gas can be supplied, there is no limitation on the generation principle of the gas that the gas supply device 203 acts on. The gas generated by the gas supply device 203 is supplied to the gas-liquid mixing device 205 through an electromagnetic valve 218 and a check valve 219 provided in the middle of the gas supply pipe 217. If the gas to be mixed with the liquid to be treated is, for example, the atmosphere, a compressed air device (compressor) or the like is a main component of the gas supply device. In the case of mixing plural kinds of gases, an apparatus for generating or collecting each gas is used.

  Next, details of the gas-liquid mixing device (liquid clathrate generation device) 205 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. The gas-liquid mixing device 205 is also called an ejector, and has a configuration obtained by adjusting the process in the process of the inventor aiming to obtain finer bubbles in water, as described above. The gas-liquid mixing device 205 includes a venturi tube 231 and a gas supply pipe 239 as a gas supply unit that supplies gas. The gas-liquid mixing device 205 of the present embodiment further includes a super cavitation operating unit 237 and a magnetic circuit 243. The venturi tube 231 and the gas supply pipe 239 are integrally formed of a magnetically permeable synthetic resin material. The Venturi tube 231 has a pipe-like appearance for passing the liquid to be processed sent from the upstream side (arrow A1 side in FIG. 5) to the downstream side (arrow A2 side in FIG. 5). It flows in the axial direction (longitudinal direction) along arrows A1 to A2. In the hollow portion defined inside the venturi tube 231 so as to penetrate the venturi tube 231 in the longitudinal direction, an upstream large path 232, a throttle ramp 233, a small diameter path 234, and an open ramp 235 from the upstream side toward the downstream side. And the downstream large path 236 is formed in a state of communicating in this order.

  The upstream large path 232 is a throttle ramp that inclines in the throttle direction at a predetermined first angle (for example, 50 degrees) with respect to the axial direction of the gas supply pipe 239 (the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the venturi tube 231). It is connected to the small-diameter path 234 via 233, and then opened with a predetermined second angle (for example, 30 degrees) with respect to the axial direction by the open inclined path 235. The open inclined path 235 is connected to the downstream large path 236 having the same outer diameter as the upstream large path 232. In other words, the sectional area (channel area) of the throttle ramp 233 decreases toward the small path 234, and the sectional area (channel area) of the open ramp 235 increases as the distance from the small path 234 increases. That is, the cross-sectional area (flow path area) of the small diameter path 234 is the smallest in the Venturi tube 231. In general, the first angle is set to be greater than the second angle, and the inclination of the stop ramp 233 is steeper than that of the open ramp 235.

  A gas supply pipe 239 is connected to the small-diameter path 234 perpendicularly to the axial direction thereof, and an open end of the gas supply pipe 239 opens to the small-diameter path 234 at the central portion of the small-diameter path 234 in the axial direction. A gas supply pipe 217 (FIG. 4) communicating with the gas supply device 203 is connected to the supply end of the gas supply pipe 239 (the opposite side of the opening end opened to the small path 234).

  The cross-sectional area (flow path area) of the small diameter path (orifice portion) 234 is the smallest in the venturi tube 231, and the liquid to be treated sent from the throttle inclined path 233 to the small path 234 has a sudden decrease in the flow path area. Exposed to extremely high pressures. After passing through the small path 234, the liquid to be treated enters the open inclined path 235 having a cross-sectional area that increases as it moves away from the small path 234, and is released from the high pressure. Therefore, the central portion in the axial direction of the small path 234 or downstream thereof. The vicinity of the side becomes a vacuum or a state close to vacuum due to a change in pressure of the liquid to be processed. The gas that reaches the supply end of the gas supply pipe 239 is sucked (suction pressure action of the liquid to be processed) and diffused into the turbulent liquid to be processed. This phenomenon is the first cavitation described later.

  A super cavitation action part 237 that mainly controls the super cavitation action in the gas-liquid mixing device 205 is provided on the downstream side of the small diameter path 234 and inside the open inclined path 235 and the downstream large path 236. The super cavitation operating unit 237 will be described in detail later.

  A magnetic circuit 243 is fixed to the venturi tube 231 with screws (not shown). The magnetic circuit 243 connects one magnet piece 245 and the other magnet piece 246 facing each other with the venturi tube 231 interposed therebetween, and connects the one magnet piece 245 and the other magnet piece 246 to each other, and the magnet piece to the venturi tube 231. And a connecting member 248 having a U-shaped cross section having a mounting function. By constructing a magnetic circuit, the magnetic field is prevented from being emitted unnecessarily toward the periphery of the mixing device that is not the ejector. The magnet piece 245 and the magnet piece 246 are composed of the small-diameter path 234 and / or the vicinity thereof (particularly the downstream side of the small-diameter path 234) in the entire flowing water area in the ejector section pipe with the magnetic field lines (magnetic fields) as much as possible. It is preferable that it is arranged so as to pass through most. This is because it is considered that the gas can be most efficiently dissolved in the liquid to be processed by applying a magnetic force to both the liquid to be processed (water) and the gas.

  Although the magnet piece 245 and the magnet piece 246 are comprised with a neodymium magnet etc., the kind of magnet is not specifically limited. The connecting member 248 is configured by a member (for example, iron) having a high magnetic permeability (μ) so that magnetic flux action is concentrated as much as possible on the liquid to be processed and the like, while suppressing magnetic flux leakage.

  The liquid clathrate generated by the gas-liquid mixing device 205 is sent to the dissolution accelerating tank 206 via the pipe 274. The dissolution accelerating tank 206 has a cylindrical shape and promotes dissolution of gas in water. The liquid clathrate that has passed through the dissolution promoting tank 206 is sent to the gas-liquid separator 265. The gas-liquid separator 265 functions as a degassing structure for separating and discharging the liquid to be processed and the gas degassed from the liquid to be processed. The gas separated by the gas-liquid separation device 265 is decomposed and rendered harmless by the gas decomposition device 267 and then released to the outside of the device.

  The circulation system device 204 has a function of circulating the liquid clathrate that has passed through the gas-liquid mixing device 205 and allowing it to pass through the gas-liquid mixing device 205 again. The reason why the gas-liquid mixing device 205 is passed again is to further increase the solubility and concentration of the gas by reinjecting the gas into the liquid to be treated (liquid clathrate) in which the gas has already been dissolved. The circulation system device 204 uses a pump 271 as a drive source, and a storage tank 202 and a dissolution promoting tank 206 as main components. That is, the pump 271 pressure-feeds the liquid to be processed taken out from the storage tank 202 via the pipe 270 to the gas-liquid mixing device 205 via the check valve 272 and the pipe 273. The liquid to be processed that has passed through the gas-liquid mixing device 205 by pressure feeding passes through the pipe 274 and the dissolution promoting tank 206 and is returned to the storage tank 202 through the pipe 275. The circulatory system 204 is configured such that the above-described steps can be repeated as necessary. The number of times of circulation can be freely set in order to obtain the gas solubility and gas concentration of the liquid clathrate to be produced. A valve 276 is provided in the middle of the pipe 275, and is used to control the water pressure of the liquid to be processed that passes through the small-diameter path 234 of the gas-liquid mixing device 205 by opening and closing the valve 276.

  Next, the gas-liquid mixing device 205 functioning as a main part for generating super cavitation, in particular, the super cavitation acting part 237 will be described again with reference to FIGS. The gas-liquid mixing device 205 is also referred to as an ejector, and has a configuration obtained by adjusting the in-process in which the inventor aims to obtain finer bubbles in water.

  As described above, the super cavitation acting part 237 that mainly controls the super cavitation function in the gas-liquid mixing device 205 is provided downstream of the small diameter path 234 and inside the open inclined path 235 and the downstream large path 236. Is provided. The center of the cross section of the super cavitation acting part 237 coincides with the center of the cross section of the open ramp 235 and the downstream large path 236. That is, the cross section of the super cavitation acting portion 237 is concentric with the cross sections of the open inclined path 235 and the downstream large path 236.

  The super cavitation acting part 237 is located on the upstream side (side closer to the small path 234), and has an enlarged part 237a having a conical shape and a downstream side (a side far from the small path 234) continuously with the enlarged part 237a. The main body 237b is provided. The enlarged portion 237a is formed so that the cross-sectional area gradually increases toward the downstream side (as it goes away from the small-diameter passage 234) to the vicinity of the central portion in the axial direction of the open inclined path 235 (the axial direction of the venturi pipe 231). The main body 237b is integrally connected. Further, the tip of the enlarged portion 237a closest to the small diameter path 234 constitutes a flat surface portion 237c and is adjacent to the small path 234 in the open inclined path 235. The plane portion 237c is configured by a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the enlarged portion 237a (the axial direction of the venturi tube 231). The main body 237b is basically formed with a constant cross section in the axial direction.

  Furthermore, in the implemented apparatus, although the super cavitation action part 237 is coat | covered with PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene; polytetrafluoroethylene), the structure base material of a core part is comprised with iron which is a ferromagnetic material. The magnetism gathered in the fluid flow part by the magnetic circuit described above forms a strong magnetic field without any gap between the iron super cavitation action part 237, which is the center of the flow path, and both the gas and the liquid act effectively. The structure works to generate water clusters. In addition, this embodiment is an example to the last, and the form of the super cavitation action part 237 is not specifically limited, The action (especially 2nd cavitation action) of super cavitation as mentioned later can be produced. If it is a thing, a deformation | transformation is arbitrary freely.

  Next, the action that has been found to be obtained by the gas-liquid mixing device 205 of this time, that is, the mechanism for generating super cavitation will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown by an arrow A1 in FIG. 5, the liquid to be processed (hereinafter referred to as “water”) that has passed through the upstream large path 232 is compressed when passing through the throttle ramp 233, and the water pressure increases rapidly. A shock wave is applied to the liquid and gas bubbles and gas molecules contained in the liquid. At the same time, the water passage speed increases rapidly. The pressure and speed of water reach a peak when passing through the small path (orifice portion) 234.

  The water passing through the small path (orifice portion) 234 passes through the small path 234 at high speed and high pressure. After passing through the small path 234, the water is sent to the open ramp 235. However, even after being sent to the open ramp 235, the water still moves at a high speed due to the law of inertia. However, since the volume of the path through which the water moves (the channel area of the open ramp 235) rapidly increases (small path 234 → open ramp 235), a high vacuum environment is realized in the water together with the decompression phenomenon. . Due to this phenomenon, water generates a suction pressure that sucks (pulls in) the gas in the gas supply pipe 239 connected to the small diameter path 234 into the small path 234, and the suction pressure causes the small pressure from the gas supply pipe 239. Gas bubbles are supplied to the water through the path 234, and a gas-liquid mixed solution is generated (FIG. 6A).

  Then, as shown in FIG. 6B, due to the high pressure shock wave of the small path (orifice portion) 234, the bubbles are compressed and cavitation occurs, and as shown in FIG. Is divided and refined (first cavitation).

  When the gas mixture containing further refined bubbles advances downstream from the small diameter path 234 to the open inclined path 235 along the flow of water, as shown in FIG. It collides with the flat surface portion 237c of the enlarged portion 237a. The micronized bubbles in the gas-liquid mixture are explosively pulverized by the impact of collision and radiated toward the outer periphery, causing a molecular unit diffusion movement. The emitted gas bubbles and molecular groups diffuse widely in surrounding water molecules in units of gas molecules (second cavitation). Gas molecules that radiate out by explosion pulverization fly apart in the water molecules, and while passing, each stops at a predetermined position in the water due to the frictional resistance in the water. As shown in FIG. Stay in the inside space. As a result, a liquid clathrate is generated.

  FIG. 6E is a schematic diagram showing an image of the flow velocity. Since the phenomenon from the explosion pulverization to the diffusion and stopping is performed in a strong magnetic field, the generation efficiency is high. Further, the higher the speed of water passing through the small path 234, the higher the density of cavitation, that is, the super cavitation density, but the frictional resistance between the surface of the apparatus and the surface in contact with the liquid flow at the site where the second cavitation occurs. Is remarkably reduced, it is possible to maintain the liquid flow rate at a high speed. In addition, the phenomenon in which the second cavitation repeatedly acts after the first cavitation has elapsed is repeated until the mass of gas molecules is further reduced in size.

  In addition to the generation process described above, bubbles that have undergone the super cavitation process and do not float in the tank are finely sized to several tens of μm or less, and then enter the super cavitation process again and again. Subject to super cavitation.

  The process described above can be roughly divided into the following three stages. That is, (1) the bubbles in the water are crushed by the pressure shock wave, (2) the water passing through the small path 234 at a high speed undergoes a cavitation action, and (3) the water undergoes a super cavitation action. That is, by three actions of "pressure shock wave", "vacuum cavitation", and "breaking by re-vacuum that occurs in super cavitation", gas molecules explode and pulverize and radiate out, and pierce into the water in each orbit. After penetrating, it is held in various places by water resistance.

  In the present embodiment, as described above, the super cavitation acting portion 237 is configured by coating a ferromagnetic material (iron) with a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) -based resin. A magnetic circuit 243 that acts on a region that becomes a vacuum environment from the vicinity of the gas supply pipe 239 forms a magnetic field across the entire liquid flow path in a state of directing water and bubbles, thereby forming water and bubbles, gas molecules, and gas molecules. A structure that gives a magnetic field action to the whole molecule is adopted. In particular, in the region where the super cavitation occurs (around the flat portion 237c), the gas and liquid mixture strongly traverses between the magnetic circuit 243 and the structural material (resin-coated ferromagnetic material) of the super cavitation acting portion 237. A magnetic field region is formed. Such a configuration makes it possible to cause the magnetism to act at the same time that the gas is strongly mixed to the degree of cavitation in two stages with respect to water molecules as a paramagnetic substance. And by physically miniaturizing the water molecule itself, it is easy to accept the gas bubbles and molecules on the side radiated by explosion pulverization, that is, it helps to reduce the resistance in water at the time of gas molecule emission it is conceivable that.

The specification of the gas-liquid mixing apparatus 205 in this embodiment is as follows.
Liquid feed water pressure: 0.4 MPa (inflow side)
Water flow rate: 23 m / sec Water flow rate: 15 L / min
Gas supply amount: 3L / min
Magnetic circuit (neodymium magnet): Surface magnetic flux density of 2720 gauss / attraction force of 35 kg, magnetic flux density at the location of flowing water of 4248 gauss (calculated value for the 10 mm distance between magnets)
Water temperature: 20 ° C

  The velocity of the water flow that collides with the super cavitation acting portion 237 immediately after passing through the small path (orifice portion) 234 is about 23 m per second, but is as high as 20 nm when converted per nanosecond. It is assumed that the mobility speed of gas molecules that collided with the flat surface portion 237c, exploded and crushed, and radiated out is extremely high.

  When the above-described process is further studied, the water flowing at a high speed through the small path 234 is rapidly depressurized due to a rapid increase in the capacity of the passage path when it is sent from the small path 234 to the open ramp 235. Realize a vacuum environment. Due to this vacuum, gas is sucked from the gas supply pipe 239 and mixed with water, and compressed by the high pressure in the small path 234 until it becomes small bubbles, thereby generating first cavitation. Further, the gas bubbles collide with the flat surface portion 237c of the enlarged portion 237a of the super cavitation acting portion 237, thereby generating second cavitation in which gas molecules explode and pulverize.

  Assuming that the flow velocity is 20 m / sec, the above process is a process in which the first cavitation and the second cavitation are continuously executed in an extremely short time of only 1 / 10,000 sec or less. Gas molecules exploding and radiating under the two actions of first cavitation and second cavitation jump out toward the sea of water molecules at a high speed of 20 nm / nanosecond, causing a phenomenon called super cavitation. Is.

  The second cavitation is performed within a short period of time in which the fine gas bubbles compressed by the first cavitation do not reassemble, and the fine gas bubbles are exposed to a violent and high-density action called explosive crushing. It becomes. Due to the turbulent flow and the second cavitation, the explosion and crushing phenomenon of each of the fine gas bubbles and the bubble molecule group occurs at once, and the fine gas bubbles become gas molecules and jump out radially into the water molecules. It stops by resistance, and it exists separately in the underwater space (space of water molecule motion) where each arrived. That is, fine gas bubbles are generated by the first cavitation, and the generated fine gas bubbles become the nucleus, and then the second cavitation causes the fine gas bubbles to collide with a predetermined portion such as the flat portion 237c. , Crush fine gas bubbles. Due to super cavitation by combining two cavitations, gas molecules are generated at an extremely high density. Such a state is generally understood to have been achieved in liquid in a physicochemically similar state to clathrate, which is a solid / crystalline substance. Generated for the first time.

  The substances conventionally known as hydrates and clathrates are substances that exist in a state where other gas molecules have entered into the gaps of the three-dimensional network structure composed of water molecules. And it is the ice which the interstitial bond has produced between water molecules, or the sherbet-like solid, The production | generation process is performed under very high pressure and low temperature, Comprising: It does not express in a liquid layer. On the other hand, the liquid clathrate according to the present invention can be produced, for example, at 20 ° C. and atmospheric pressure, that is, at room temperature and normal pressure, and there are fine water cluster portions to be described later. Gas molecules enter between water molecules under a liquid phase in which no bonding occurs. Thus, the liquid clathrate of the present invention is considered to be completely different from the conventional hydrate and clathrate in view of its form and properties as a product and the production process.

  Note that in the generation of the liquid clathrate this time, the concept of super cavitation was adopted and the devices shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 were used. However, these concepts and devices are merely examples of the generation method. The liquid clathrate of the present invention is not limited to the liquid produced by these devices, nor is it limited to the liquid produced by the concept of supercavitation. The generation technique is not particularly limited as long as the water can be divided at a molecular level so that the gas molecules can be dissolved between the water molecules of the raw water, and the gas can be dissolved by radiation in molecular units.

  Next, an analysis experiment by infrared irradiation conducted to investigate the actual state of the liquid clathrate in the present invention will be described. In general, for analysis and identification of a substance, an ordinary microscope, X-ray irradiation, Raman spectroscopic irradiation, laser light irradiation is performed, and observation of a scattered light peak shift in this is used. This time, the liquid obtained by the apparatus of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 was tried to observe the actual state, particularly gas bubbles in water, by various observation methods.

  However, for the sample liquid assumed to contain bubbles obtained by the apparatus of FIGS. 4 and 5 under predetermined conditions, the dissolved gas was confirmed by the dissolved concentration measuring apparatus and the reagent titration method. However, even if the bubble distribution is observed for these sample liquids, a unique situation has occurred in which the presence of bubbles is not observed in the measurable bubble distribution region. In response to this situation, the inventor further examined other observation methods, and as a result, it was predicted that some change appeared in the water itself rather than the purpose of observing bubbles, and an analysis experiment using infrared irradiation was adopted. Then, the inventor established the observation method by examining the measurement method for capturing the liquid clathrate of the present invention described above, studied the production method, and elucidated the water clathrate water production method and the new substance state did.

  In order to observe the state where gas molecules are dissolved in water as in the present invention, the hydrogen bond rate in water is changed compared to the original water (raw water) (hydrogen bond rate of (Decrease) must be observed. Although the X-ray irradiation method is suitable for the measurement of the crystal, it is not suitable for the measurement of the fluid liquid, and the state of hydrogen bonding cannot be observed. In the case of Raman spectroscopic irradiation, the characteristics of the light beam were not optimal for water measurement, and there was a lack of accuracy (resolution), and a measurement result related to a clear difference could not be obtained. In this analysis experiment by infrared irradiation, the inventors succeeded not only in the production of the liquid clathrate of the present invention for the first time, but also in the observation for the first time in history. The contents of the analysis experiment using infrared irradiation will be described below. This experiment is the so-called infrared spectroscopy, which irradiates the material to be measured with infrared rays and separates the transmitted (or reflected) light to obtain a spectrum (spectrum peak). A method of knowing the characteristics of an object.

  In conducting the infrared analysis experiment, a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyzer Spctrum-one system B manufactured by Perkinelmer was used. As shown in FIG. 7A, this apparatus as a general-purpose product passes infrared rays emitted from a light source through a mirror and a prism, irradiates a liquid (liquid clathrate) as a specimen, and is reflected by the liquid. Infrared light passes through a prism and a mirror and is introduced into a light receiving unit, and the change is measured.

  That is, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyzer 300 includes a mirror 301 bent in an L shape, a prism 302, and a specimen placement base 303. A specimen filling hole 303a is provided at the center of the upper surface of the specimen placement pedestal 303, and the liquid L fills the specimen filling hole 303a by dropping the liquid L, which is a specimen, onto the top face of the specimen placement pedestal 303 with a spoid or the like.

  In the observation, the infrared ray IR1 emitted from the light source is reflected by the first surface of the L-shaped mirror 301 and guided to the prism 302. The infrared ray IR1 that has entered the prism 302 is guided to the specimen filling hole 303a of the specimen placement base 303, transitions to the infrared ray IR2 having different characteristics depending on the liquid L in the specimen filling hole 303a, and is reflected by the liquid L. The light travels inward and is emitted from the prism 302. The infrared ray IR2 emitted from the prism 302 reaches the second surface of the L-shaped mirror 301, is reflected by the second surface, and is guided to a light receiving surface (not shown). The actual state of the liquid L can be observed by analyzing the difference in characteristics between the infrared rays IR1 and IR2.

  However, in the configuration of such a general-purpose product, the observation is performed in a state where the liquid L as the specimen is dropped into the specimen filling hole 303a formed in a concave shape in a circular mortar shape having a diameter of about 10 mm. It communicates with the part exposed to the outside world on the upper surface. Since the volume of this part is not large (drop volume of several drops), the entire temperature of the dropped liquid L including the part in the specimen filling hole 303a is instantaneously synchronized with the temperature around the apparatus (room temperature), The temperature rose to room temperature (about 28 ° C.). In the measurement under this environment, the molecular motion of water was too intense, and it was difficult to evaluate the test results with the analytical performance of infrared analysis.

  Therefore, the inventor, when observing the liquid of the present invention, keeps the liquid at a temperature near 3.98 ° C. at which the water temperature is lowered to the highest density and increases the amount of the liquid so that the target liquid contacts the detection device. Considering that it is important to avoid changes due to contact with the parts, a holder 304 was prepared as shown in FIG. 7B and placed on the upper surface of the specimen placement base 303. That is, the generated liquid (liquid clathrate) was cooled before observation. The specimen placement base 303 and the holder 304 of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyzer 300 were cooled to near 0 ° C. before observation using an ice bag. In addition, the liquid can be held on the upper surface of the specimen placement base 303 using the holder 304 in order to prevent the water temperature from rising as much as possible due to room temperature (the room where the apparatus is located was 28 ° C.). At the same time, the sample solution produced at room temperature of 20 ° C. was cooled in a sealed container at one end and cooled to near 0 ° C. The amount of sample liquid injected into the holder 304 was increased to 10 ml so that an instantaneous increase in water temperature did not occur during the observation time.

  In the configuration of FIG. 7B, the temperature rise of the clathrate being observed is suppressed, the temperature range from about 1 to 2 ° C. to less than 10 ° C., that is, the water molecule motion is suppressed, and the change in hydrogen bonding rate can be analyzed. Observations that maintain a certain level (suppression of water molecular motion and observation without fluctuation of conditions due to changes in water temperature) became possible.

  Next, the details and results of the analysis will be described. In actual analysis, each sample was measured for absorbance of infrared rays every time the temperature was increased by 1 ° C. from around 0 ° C. at the start of observation, and was measured up to 10 ° C. Then, all the samples were averaged, and the measurement data was averaged in a temperature region where the water molecule motion was relatively stable from 0 ° C. to 10 ° C., and the data of the raw water and the dissolved gas were compared. The difference was confirmed by subtracting the raw water used as a control in which no gas was dissolved from the gas dissolved solution to be analyzed. In addition, the sample was implemented by the tap water which is raw | natural water, the water which filtered raw | natural water with the ion exchange membrane, and the gas dissolved water 4 types in total 6 types.

The liquid clathrate data obtained by infrared analysis are shown in FIGS. All the data are those when the measured value at the top is 10 ° C. and the temperature is lowered by 1 ° C. thereafter. The data at the water temperature at the start of measurement is the lowest data, and the measured value is recorded every time it rises by 1 ° C. from the bottom, and all measured data are displayed. The unit of the horizontal axis is Kaiser (cm ⁻¹ ), which corresponds to the infrared frequency. The vertical axis corresponds to the relative intensity between each data of infrared absorbance, and there is no unit.

  In general, a typical absorbance peak of water by infrared analysis (hereinafter referred to as “peak”) is obtained in the vicinity of 3400 Kaiser (specifically, 3200 Kaiser and 3600 Kaiser) and is also a unique peak in the vicinity of 1600 Kaiser. Is obtained. The peak near 3200 Kaiser corresponds to the hydrogen bond state. The peak near 3600 Kaiser corresponds to the expansion and contraction of the bond (covalent bond) between the oxygen atom and hydrogen atom in the water molecule, and the peak near 3200 Kaiser is between the hydrogen bond between water molecules and other molecules (gas molecules). Corresponds to the amount of coupling between.

  FIG. 8 shows measured data of tap water in Sakai City, Niigata Prefecture, as raw water before gas is mixed. It was water existing in the atmospheric environment, and the dissolved oxygen concentration was 8.4 mg / L. This observation was similar to that obtained from general water.

  FIG. 9 shows measurement data of the raw filter water obtained by filtering the raw water with an ion exchange resin (G50-B filter manufactured by Organo Corporation: CJ0102S 201 μm Millipore). Similar to the raw water in FIG. 8, the dissolved oxygen concentration was 8.4 mg / L.

FIG. 10 shows measurement data of oxygen water (oxygen molecule-dissolved liquid) obtained by dissolving pure oxygen gas in raw water using the technique of the present invention. FIG. 11 shows measurement data of nitrogen water (nitrogen molecule-dissolved liquid) in which pure nitrogen gas is dissolved in raw water using the technique of the present invention. FIG. 12 shows measurement data of hydrogen water (hydrogen molecule-dissolved liquid) in which hydrogen gas is dissolved in raw water using the technique of the present invention. The dissolved hydrogen concentration was 1.3 mg / L. FIG. 13 shows ozone water in which 95% oxygen is ozonized by silent discharge (encapsulated ozone gas concentration: gas phase: 45 g / Nm ³ ), and the obtained ozone gas is dissolved in raw water using the technique of the present invention ( (Measurement data of ozone molecule dissolved liquid). The observation was performed at an ozone concentration of 18 mg / L.

  Hereinafter, the measurement data of FIG. 9 to FIG. 13 was subtracted from the measurement data of the raw water of FIG. 8, and a comparison was made as to whether or not there was a change in hydrogen bonding before and after gas dissolution. The results are shown in FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 14, the value obtained by subtracting the raw water measurement data from the raw filtration water measurement data is substantially constant. That is, no change was observed in the shape of the peak from 3200 Kaiser to 3600 Kaiser indicating hydrogen bond energy between the measured data of the filtered raw water and the measured data of the raw water.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 15, the graph showing the value obtained by subtracting the raw water measurement data from the oxygen water measurement data showed a large change in the vicinity of 3200 Kaiser to 3600 Kaiser. The vicinity of 3200 Kaiser and 3600 Kaiser shows the bond energy of hydrogen bonds, and the vicinity of 3200 Kaiser decreases and the vicinity of 3600 Kaiser increases. As for oxygen water, the peak of hydrogen bonds between water molecules measured by infrared spectroscopy is clearly smaller than that of water (raw water). That is, for oxygen water, it was observed that the amount of bond energy of hydrogen bonds was significantly reduced compared to the raw water. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 16, it was observed that the amount of hydrogen bond energy was significantly reduced in nitrogen water. As shown in FIG. 17, it was observed that hydrogen water also had a decrease in the amount of hydrogen bond energy. As shown in FIG. 18, it was observed that ozone water also had a decrease in the amount of hydrogen bond energy.

  As described above, regardless of the type of gas, according to the infrared analysis of the clathrate of the present invention, a remarkable effect of reducing the amount of hydrogen bond energy that cannot be obtained by dissolving ordinary gas bubbles in a liquid is observed. We were able to. This result shows that due to differences between samples, the presence of gas molecules, which is the only point of comparison, is so remarkable that hydrogen bonds that are inexhaustible and continuously developed in water can be easily measured by infrared analysis. It is also an observation result that suggests that a large amount of gas exists in liquid (in water) in a molecular state. When the gas is present in the liquid as bubbles instead of molecular units, the interface between the water and the gas bubbles is clear and the hydrogen bond of water does not change so much as to be measurable.

  According to the above observation, there is a liquid clathrate that is generated by dissolving gas molecules in water, and the peak of hydrogen bonds between water molecules measured by infrared spectroscopy is smaller than that of water. It was confirmed that it was obtained. In other words, in the liquid clathrate of the present invention, the gas molecules are dispersed with high density throughout the water so that the peak of hydrogen bonds between water molecules is smaller than that of water as observed by infrared spectroscopy. Yes. That is, the liquid clathrate of the present invention can be regarded as a novel substance from the viewpoint of an observation method called infrared spectroscopy.

  In the above experiment, it was confirmed that a liquid clathrate was generated when the gas molecules were oxygen molecules, nitrogen molecules, hydrogen molecules, and ozone molecules, but the types of gas molecules are not particularly limited to these. . Even in the case of carbon dioxide or other molecules, a liquid clathrate can be generated in the same manner.

  In the above observation method, the specimen placement base 303 and the holder 304 are used for cooling the liquid clathrate. However, there is a cooling device that cools and holds the liquid clathrate below a predetermined temperature suitable for observation. For example, the form is not particularly limited. As long as the conditions are suitable for observation, various conditions such as the cooling temperature and the amount of sample liquid to be observed are not particularly limited to those in the embodiment.

  Furthermore, as described above, the inventor has found that as a result of the gas molecules being dispersed in the raw water and the raw solution, the state of the raw water and the cluster of water molecules (water cluster portion) in the raw solution are changed. RIKEN Research Institute Press Release “Discovering non-uniform microstructures in liquid water that was thought to be uniform” http://www.riken.go.jp/r-world/research/results/2009/ [090811 / index.html), it is known that there is a fine structure (non-uniformity) in water that has long been considered to be a uniform liquid. As a result of analysis by X-ray beam line IBL45XU small-angle scattering and high-precision Raman light analyzer of large synchrotron radiation facility Spring-8, water density non-uniformity is derived from two kinds of fine structures in water. I understood it. In other words, the non-uniformity of density occurs because the “microstructure very similar to ice” has a microscopic structure like a polka dot used in the sea of “water molecules with distorted hydrogen bonds”. ing.

  Here, the “fine structure similar to ice” is a state in which water molecules are gathered at a higher density than the surroundings, and forms a kind of cluster structure. This is observed by measuring water molecules in femtosecond units, and it is understood that the cluster structure repeats generation and disappearance in a very short time. It can be said that the state of the water molecule group gathered at a high density, that is, the water ball part, has a higher hydrogen bond rate than the water region where other molecules exist at a low density.

FIG. 19A is a schematic diagram showing the state of water clusters in normal water (raw water), and several tens of water molecule clusters continue to change their configuration at a speed of nanoseconds or less. In FIG. 19 (a), the water cluster portion is schematically represented by an annular cluster region. When a cyclic cluster is represented by (H ₂ O) _n , studies have been made on the case where _n , which is the number of water molecules H ₂ O, is 3 to 60, for example, but the range of n is not particularly limited. There is also a single movement of each water molecule, but a cluster in which water molecules are gathered in a bunch of cocoons (hereinafter referred to as “water cluster part”) is also generated in water. Show your own movement.

  On the other hand, FIG.19 (b) is a schematic diagram which shows the state of the water cluster in the liquid clathrate of this invention. As described above, in the present invention, a large amount of gas molecules pass through the sea of raw water molecules during the explosion and diffusion of gas molecules, and the water clusters shown in FIG. The part is divided and subdivided. In FIG. 19 (b), the subdivided water cluster portion (fine water cluster portion) is schematically represented by an elliptical cluster region. After that, gas molecules exist between water molecules. That is, in the liquid clathrate of FIG. 19 (b), by dissolving gas molecules in the raw water, the water cluster portion in the raw water in which water molecules gather at a higher density than the surroundings is crushed. ) The water cluster part is refined compared to the raw water. As a result, in the liquid clathrate of the present invention, the average number of water molecules in the water cluster portion is smaller than the average number of water molecules in the water cluster portion in the raw water. Further, gas molecules are densely intervened in water clusters that change in nanosecond units, thereby maintaining a state in which it is difficult to form a large water cluster portion and maintaining a fine water cluster portion. As a result, in the liquid clathrate of the present invention, it is possible to maintain a small state of the water cluster part on average for a long time compared to untreated raw water.

  The retention of fine water clusters in the liquid clathrate of the present invention means that the area where water molecules are present at a higher density than the raw water is reduced. This means that the distance between water molecules is increased on average, and as a result, the hydrogen bond rate of the liquid clathrate is lower than the hydrogen bond rate of the raw water. That is, in the present invention, the action of gas molecules that cause a decrease in the hydrogen bond rate is not only the action of existing between water molecules and weakening the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules (reducing hydrogen bond energy). . The gas molecules also bring about the effect of lowering the hydrogen bond rate by exerting the action of destroying and refining the water cluster part of the raw water and holding the refined water cluster part. Therefore, it is not necessary that the amount of dissolved gas reaches a saturated concentration as a condition for producing the liquid clathrate of the present invention, and under certain production conditions as in the production process described above. A liquid clathrate can be generated even when the amount of gas is less than the saturation concentration.

  The liquid hydrate obtained by the present invention and the production technique thereof have a gas density so high as to reduce hydrogen bonds, and the object to be held is composed of gas molecules themselves. Even if the held object is a microbubble or nanobubble that is not a gas molecule, assuming that it has the effect of causing water to exhibit the effects specific to the mixed gas, it will be more prominent to exert its gas function more remarkably. It is clear that it has efficacy. Gas molecules are extremely stable in water molecules for a long period of time, and are difficult to degas even when sprinkled with high pressure. Furthermore, since gas molecules work, it has the function of being directly absorbed into cells by animals and plants, microorganisms, etc., and the fields of use are immeasurable. Furthermore, in the process of generating liquid hydrates, the structure of water itself has become so fine that hydrogen bonds are lowered, so that the water permeability and functions that can be applied to cells can be newly adjusted. It can be said that the field of using is very wide.

  The industrial application field of the liquid clathrate of the present invention is not particularly limited, and application to various application fields is conceivable. First, a method for activating microorganisms carried out using the liquid clathrate of the present invention, particularly an oxygen molecule-dissolved liquid in which oxygen molecules are dissolved in a stock solution will be described.

  The use of microorganisms is widely used for purification treatment of wastewater and the like. The activated sludge method, which is a typical method, is a method in which microorganisms, especially aerobic bacteria, are maintained and circulated in a wastewater treatment aeration tank, and the bacteria exert a purification action by preying on organic substances that are pollutants. is there. Increasing the efficiency of wastewater treatment or reducing excess sludge generated after treatment is strongly required to improve the efficiency for the purpose of suppressing environmental pollution by reducing excess sludge and reducing waste treatment costs. On the other hand, it is said that the activated sludge process technology has basically not developed technically for 50 years. As a common sense of activated sludge treatment, it is known that the DO value (dissolved oxygen: dissolved oxygen concentration) needs to be 0.5 mg / L or more in the aeration tank in order to activate aerobic bacteria actively. Yes. However, according to the demonstration experiments so far, it has been said that the microbial activity of aerobic bacteria (activated sludge) is not improved at all even if the DO concentration is 2.0 or higher.

  The inventor found that oxygen was dissolved in the effluent with high efficiency compared to conventional diffuser tubes or the like (simply dissolved oxygen bubbles) in the case of liquid clathrate, and oxygen molecules instead of bubbles The demonstration was started in anticipation that the environment in which the effluent is dissolved at a high concentration increases the microbial activity. This is because oxygen is finely divided into molecules, and the microbial activity is remarkably improved since oxygen molecules are directly taken into the cells in oxygen absorption by microorganisms. Furthermore, in the gas-liquid mixing system using the super cavitation action used in this study, there is no site that gives mechanical shear that kills the aerobic bacteria covered with the coat protein. The gas was mixed with oxygen and activated sludge containing aerobic bacteria as well as wastewater.

  The effect was demonstrated in the wastewater treatment facility of the beverage manufacturing factory. Three aeration tanks are arranged in series, and the processing time until the aeration tank flows into the first aeration tank and is discharged from the third aeration tank is 33 hours. In order to investigate the activity of the purification action by microorganisms, the result of wastewater purification in a conventional wastewater treatment facility was compared with the result of wastewater purification in a wastewater treatment facility using the liquid clathrate (oxygen molecule dissolved liquid) of the present invention. . The so-called activated sludge method was used as the purification process. This method uses activated sludge which is an aggregate of various microorganisms (referred to as aerobic bacteria) such as bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, rotifers, nematodes, etc., and organic matter in the wastewater / After the pollutant is adsorbed on the activated sludge, it becomes a nutrient source for microorganisms and is predated and decomposed to be removed. At this time, the pollutant is treated while the sludge, which is a microbial population, is in contact with the wastewater in a floating state.

  FIG. 20 shows a conventional wastewater treatment facility 400. The wastewater treatment facility 400 includes a regulation tank 410, a first aeration tank 421, a second aeration tank 422, a third aeration tank 423, a precipitation tank 430, and a blower 440. In the purification process, the untreated wastewater stored in the adjustment tank 410 is sequentially sent to the first aeration tank 421, the second aeration tank 422, and the third aeration tank 423. In each of the first aeration tank 421, the second aeration tank 422, and the third aeration tank 423, sludge containing microorganisms for treating the waste water is stored, and the waste water passing therethrough is purified. Sludge that has passed through the first aeration tank 421, the second aeration tank 422, and the third aeration tank 423 is sent to the precipitation tank 430, and a flocculant such as polyaluminum chloride is administered. The pollutant in the sludge that has not been removed reacts with the flocculant to form a floc (coagulation) (aggregation), and settles at the bottom of the settling tank 430. The waste water containing floc is returned to the first aeration tank 421 again, and then the purification process is repeated. Then, air is sent to the first aeration tank 421, the second aeration tank 422, and the third aeration tank 423 by the blower 440 and is discharged into the drainage liquid from the aeration tube. Oxygen in the air is aerated and a part of it is dissolved in the waste water, and it is attempted to activate and grow aerobic microorganisms with this dissolved oxygen.

  However, it is still difficult to supply sufficient oxygen to the microorganism by the conventional method. This is because aeration with a diffuser tube releases only a few centimeters to several millimeters of bubbles, and a lot of air rises and passes through the liquid as it is and does not dissolve, but is exhausted to the atmosphere. . In addition, since many aerobic microorganisms that survive in the drainage require a large amount of oxygen for respiration, the DO values near 1 m below the liquid level in the drainage result in the first and second aeration tanks. In both cases, an oxygen-deficient state of 0.0 mg / L occurred. When oxygen deficiency occurs, aerobic bacteria die or stop at each stage, increasing the number of anaerobic microorganisms that do not require oxygen. In order to avoid such a situation, when an air diffuser is used, for example, it is also considered to supply oxygen excessively so as to be, for example, 8.0 mg / L or more by bubbles using PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption). ing. However, the state of the wastewater becomes a so-called over-aerated state, and the oxidation of the sludge (aerobic nitrification) progresses, so that the above floc becomes fine (pin floc) and it becomes difficult to settle on the bottom of the precipitation tank 430, and the treatment effect. May decrease. If the floc state deteriorates, it becomes difficult to agglomerate and precipitate in the subsequent sedimentation tank, and it becomes difficult to return the sludge to the first aeration tank 421, and at the same time, the turbidity of the clarified liquid after the treatment does not decrease, and as a result purification is performed. Was not enough.

  On the other hand, FIG. 21 shows a wastewater treatment facility 401 using the liquid clathrate (oxygen molecule-dissolved liquid) of the present invention. The wastewater treatment facility 401 includes a conditioning tank 410, a first aeration tank 421, a second aeration tank 422, a third aeration tank 423, a precipitation tank 430, a blower 440, and a clathrate oxygen (oxygen molecule dissolved). Liquid) supply unit 450 and raw water supply pump 460 are provided. The purification process is the same as that in FIG. 20, but in this example, the oxygen molecule-dissolved liquid is supplied from the clathrate oxygen supply unit 450 to the first aeration tank 421. By this action, aerobic microorganisms grew explosively in the first aeration tank 421, and a high purification action was obtained. Further, it is not necessary to supply a large amount of air from the blower 440, and floc formation is prevented. 22 (a) and 22 (b) show the state of the waste water purified by the facilities of FIGS. 20 and 21, respectively. As shown by the liquid level L3, in the same amount of wastewater, the amount (L1) of sludge in the wastewater treatment facility 401 using the oxygen molecule-dissolved liquid of the present invention in FIG. Compared with the amount of sludge (L2) of the wastewater from the conventional wastewater treatment facility 400, it was about 1/5, and it was found that a large purification effect was obtained.

  Table 1 below shows the results of the investigation of wastewater sludge by the wastewater treatment facility 401 using the liquid clathrate (oxygen molecule-dissolved liquid) of the present invention. MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids) is an indicator that shows the total amount of microorganisms and pollutants. Generally, after aeration treatment of wastewater by the activated sludge method, it is halved compared to before the start of aeration treatment. Is said to be ideal. However, as a result of using the oxygen molecule-dissolved liquid of the present invention, a dramatic effect of reducing the MLSS value from 5000 mg / L to 970 mg / L (1/5) could be obtained. Assuming that the amount of pollutants is 1/5, it is assumed that the amount of microorganisms that nourish them is also 1/5 or less than 1/5 due to damage caused by unforeseen modulation. However, it is actually reduced from 28 million to 7.1 million per cc (“general bacteria (cells / ml)”). That is, it is understood that the amount of microorganisms has been reduced to only about 1/4, and that microorganisms are alive even if the pollutants as nutrients are reduced. This indicates that the oxygen molecule-dissolved liquid of the present invention contributes to the survival and growth of (aerobic) microorganisms.

  In this study, wastewater containing activated sludge (microorganisms) is pumped from the first aeration tank with an underwater pump, and in the liquid clathrate treatment device, 95% concentration oxygen gas is dissolved as a molecule with PSA in a high density. Was continuously returned to the aeration tank. The DO value in the aeration tank at that time could be maintained at a high dissolved oxygen concentration of about 20.0 mg / L, which is not normally possible, because the gas mixing efficiency is extremely high. Normally, when aeration was performed using a diffuser tube, overaeration should occur, but no abnormality was observed in the liquid clathrate treatment. Maintaining the DO value of 2.0 mg / L or more in the aeration tank, the conventional wisdom that the microbial activity does not increase and the purification capacity does not improve. As a result, the processing capacity has increased more than twice. Furthermore, as shown in the photograph of FIG. 22, when the third aeration tank effluent in the conventional method is allowed to stand to precipitate the MLSS component, the amount becomes (a), and the treatment is performed by dissolving the liquid clathrate oxygen molecules. The MLSS component that was allowed to stand after the discharge of the aeration tank 3 was the amount of (b), and the volume could be greatly reduced to 1 / 2.5. Of the MLSS, aerobic bacteria contained in the first aeration tank are usually used as the return sludge in the first aeration tank, but the remaining 50% becomes surplus sludge and is incinerated as industrial waste. It will be a thing. The fact that the MLSS is 1 / 2.5 suggests that all the MLSS separated in the settling tank can be returned, and that there is no need for excessive sludge treatment, which is problematic in terms of both cost and environment. This sludge volume reduction is very active when the aerobic bacteria, which is activated sludge, is very active in abundant and suitable oxygen molecule-rich wastewater, while the precipitating pollutant decreases with rapid purification. It is surviving, and it is estimated that the weight was reduced as a result of cannibalism between microorganisms.

  23 (a) and 23 (b) show the state of microorganisms in the waste water purified by the facilities of FIGS. 20 and 21, respectively. The wastewater sludge from the conventional wastewater treatment facility 400 of FIG. 20 contains many anaerobic microorganisms (filamentous fungi), whereas the liquid clathrate treatment of the present invention of FIG. Then, after only 7 hours, the sludge collected from the wastewater treatment facility 401 changed to a microflora in which many aerobic microorganisms were present, and at the same time, filamentous fungi that were anaerobic microorganisms were hardly seen. According to the present invention, it has been found that anaerobic microorganisms are proliferating and anaerobic microorganisms in the waste water that have an adverse effect on the activated sludge treatment are significantly reduced.

  Furthermore, the inventor obtained a result that the purification ability was remarkably increased in the wastewater in which the microorganisms were constantly rich in oxygen molecules, but it was confirmed that the biological activity of the microorganism itself was increased. The apparatus used is TSanalyzer (registered trademark), manufactured by Ogawa Environmental Research Institute Co., Ltd. (Japanese Patent No. 3585905 has been acquired). In each process of the conventional wastewater treatment and the wastewater treatment using the liquid clathrate of the present invention, the samples collected under the same conditions were measured for 2 weeks each. As a result, the average microbial activity / degradation rate was 0.23 under the conventional treatment, while the average was 0.58 under the treatment using the liquid clathrate of the present invention, which was 2.52 times astonishing. It was confirmed that the power ratio was improving.

  According to the present invention, an effect of improving the drainage capacity, which could not be aeration of air or oxygen by conventional bubbles, can be realized. The main factors are that the oxygen supplied into the waste water during the generation of the liquid clathrate (oxygen molecule-dissolved liquid) is high in molecular units and has a high density, and therefore easily absorbed by microorganisms. Furthermore, it changes with the hydrogen bond rate in waste water falling, and it is also expected that it is an important factor of this microbial activity phenomenon that the water cluster is refined | miniaturized.

  The above experiment showed an improvement in the activity of aerobic microorganisms (bacteria) in wastewater treatment by the activated sludge method. Based on the same mechanism, the present invention is also applied to the suppression of mortality after the hatching of young organisms such as plankton and other small creatures such as plankton, fish, shellfish, shellfish, sea cucumbers, and echinoderms such as sea urchins, and the promotion of growth. Is possible. In particular, as in the case of aerobic bacteria, a method of taking water (raw solution) from the living water environment of the organism and circulating it after producing the liquid clathrate to return it to the growing place is preferable. It is not just to keep the DO value high, but it can be expected to have a special effect of improving the absorption rate as well as the microorganisms in the wastewater due to oxygen molecules, and the miniaturization of the water cluster is also expected to have a positive effect. The Furthermore, in the environment of many aquatic organisms, infectious diseases may occur due to contamination by pathogens, but damage may occur, but in the process of liquid clathrate generation that does not come into contact with organisms, ozone gas is supplied at a suitable concentration and remains. It can also be used for oxidation purification under conditions that do not. After the sterilization is finished, the ozone used in this case is dispersed in water as oxygen molecules to help improve biological activity. Further, in the liquid clathrate production process, unlike the normal gas-liquid mixing method, the property of easily achieving the saturation concentration upper limit or the supersaturated gas concentration condition can be utilized. In other words, organisms that draw in oxygen almost completely release carbon dioxide, but by supplying high-concentration oxygen, a gas replacement effect of forcibly degassing carbon dioxide from water can also be expected, and water quality can be improved for a long time. It can also be used for holding.

  Incidentally, in the liquid clathrate production process of the present invention, a high concentration of oxygen in the range of, for example, 30 mg / L to 48 mg / L is dissolved at the moment of passing through the super cavitation mechanism. Such a high concentration of oxygen has the effect of forcibly degassing carbon dioxide from water as described above. For example, in the aquaculture of tuna larvae, carp larvae, etc., a gas replacement action of carbon dioxide generated by oxygen exhalation is expected.

  Similarly, an example of using liquid clathrate (oxygen molecule-dissolved liquid) for wastewater treatment equipment is introduced. The target effluent was from a livestock processing plant such as ham and sausage, and there were many components derived from oils and fats such as normal hexane that would easily make the effluent anaerobic. The factory produces 2,000 tons of wastewater per day, but some 10% of the generated wastewater is discharged in the evening cleaning work. While there was a large fluctuation in the amount of raw water inflow, there was a demand for the activated sludge method aeration tank to always flow a constant amount and not change the drainage load fluctuation. Therefore, there is a 1,000-ton capacity adjustment tank in front of the factory aeration tank, which plays the role of a buffer. However, in the adjustment tank that stays for several hours to several tens of hours, oxygen is completely insufficient, which becomes a hotbed of a large amount of anaerobic bacteria, and a large amount of hydrogen sulfide gas is always generated, which is dangerous. A high concentration hydrogen sulfide gas of 550 ppm to 600 ppm was generated and flowed out in the upper open part of the adjustment tank, and although it was less than 1500 ppm which is a lethal amount when inhaled by a person, it was a dangerous and serious problem.

  A liquid clathrate generator was temporarily installed in the facility, and 100 L of oxygen was dispersedly supplied as molecules to 1000 tons of anaerobic wastewater. As a result, the hydrogen sulfide gas concentration decreased to 0.2 ppm or less after a mere 1 hour after the start of supply, and was drastically reduced to an almost harmless concentration, which could be maintained thereafter. This phenomenon is different from the beverage factory drainage example described above which increases the activity of aerobic bacteria. The anaerobic bacteria that were alive in large amounts in the wastewater and caused the release of hydrogen sulfide are mainly large amounts of methane fungi that have settled in the tank, and oxygen molecules are densely filled throughout the liquid in the adjustment tank. At the same time, the result was that the methane fungi could not be activated instantly because the liquid environment became completely aerobic. In this way, not only can the activity of microorganisms be increased, but it is also possible to stop the activity of target microorganisms by selecting a gas species in which molecules are dissolved depending on the target and purpose.

  Similarly, it is possible to bring about the same effect on yeast and enzymes. According to the characteristics of yeast and enzymes, the growth rate can be increased with a gas such as oxygen. On the other hand, when nitrogen is used, the generation of aerobic organisms that should not be contaminated can be completely stopped. Similarly, if the gas selection and concentration for the treatment method are optimized, bioethanol purification and fermentation technology can be applied to improve treatment efficiency and control efficiency.

  By replacing the target gas encapsulated in clathrate with carbon dioxide, it is effective for promoting the growth of Euglena and seaweed. In any gas, gas molecules are dispersed at a high density to such an extent that hydrogen bonds between water molecules in the liquid are reduced at normal temperature and pressure. Therefore, it is considered that the gas is absorbed into the cells of the living organism irrespective of the bubbles, and the effect is manifested by the function specific to the target gas acting in the cell tissue.

  As described above, the possibility of using the present invention for living organisms has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned fields, and it goes without saying that the present invention can be widely applied to technologies related to bioassays. Regardless of soil cultivation or hydroponics, oxygen absorption from plant roots can also be optimized on a cell-by-cell basis using liquid clathrate (oxygen molecule-dissolved water).

  Further, the gas molecule-dissolved liquid of the present invention can be applied to various other application fields. As a characteristic that is expected to be applied in a wide range of fields, a function of maintaining a dissolved gas at a high concentration can be considered. In particular, a high oxidation effect (such as a bactericidal effect) by maintaining the dissolved ozone gas is expected.

  When gas molecules are dispersed in raw water or stock solution as in the present invention, the gas dissolution rate is increased with high efficiency. Similarly, the amount of gas degassed by gas molecules dispersed between water molecules is remarkably reduced, and as a result, characteristics as functional water having high concentration stability are imparted. For example, even in the case of ozone gas, which is hardly soluble, it is difficult to degas from water (stabilization).

  According to the conventional knowledge (see Patent No. 3734207, etc.) that ozone gas was dissolved in water or pure water without addition of a concentration stabilizer or the like by gas-liquid mixing, the dissolved ozone concentration was left as it was when it was generated. The half-life of 50% was assumed to be within 1 minute. In this patent, it is proposed that the half-life can be extended by removing a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide present in the target pure water, but it is still extremely short as in the case of 4 minutes. There was no change in being. According to the liquid clathrate, it is possible to disperse ozone in the sea of water molecules in the form of gas molecules. Therefore, the property of ozone, which is hardly soluble, does not hinder the stabilization of gas dissolution, which is an effect of the present invention. In liquid clathrate (ozone molecule-dissolved water) produced by supercavitation, under a low temperature condition of 15 ° C., the half-life is 1 hour or more at atmospheric pressure even at a high concentration of 55 mg / L to 60 mg / L. there were.

  Furthermore, in the case of ozone, which is particularly unstable among the gas species, normally, when the water temperature increases from low temperature to 40 ° C, 60 ° C, and 80 ° C, the molecular motion of water gradually becomes active, and ozone gas in water tends to escape ( Regardless of the gas type, the saturation concentration of the gas also decreases significantly as the water temperature rises). However, the liquid clathrate (ozone molecule-dissolved liquid) of the present invention is extremely stabilized even when compared with ozone water produced by any of the gas-liquid mixing methods and electrolysis methods mentioned as conventional methods for producing ozone water. Can keep the state.

  Therefore, it is possible to supply water by feeding a long-distance pipe to the use place while keeping the dissolved ozone concentration (dissolved ozone molecule concentration) high. To describe the actual example, when ozone molecule-dissolved water 10 mg / L is fed at a rate of 60 L / min using a 1 inch diameter vinyl chloride pipe to a distance of 300 m, the use point (working point) is reached after 2.5 minutes. However, a high concentration of 9.2 mg / L was maintained at the discharge site. An advantageous effect is also exhibited in terms of concentration stability in gas dissolution.

  In the case of ozone, as indicated by the Henry's constant, the movement of ozone molecules is activated by the temperature rise, causing self-decomposition and returning to oxygen. In consideration of such characteristics, a gas molecule-dissolved liquid is generated to stabilize the dissolved state of gas molecules, and the water temperature is generated and stored at a low temperature (20 ° C or lower, preferably 10 ° C or lower). It is effective to feed water from the water, heat it with a heater adjacent to the point before the use point, etc., and spray and dissolve the gas molecule dissolved liquid at the action point immediately after heating. In that case, the molecular motion of the ozone molecule itself becomes very active, and the change to return to oxygen quickly accelerates. However, ozone with high oxidation performance can exhibit several times the oxidation effect as the temperature rises. Are known. As a result of the inventor's investigation, in an example where the boiling water temperature was raised to 60 ° C. at a moment within 10 seconds, the concentration gradually decreased for 1 minute after reaching 60 ° C., and then the decomposition reaction accelerated rapidly. It was clarified that the concentration was drastically reduced.

  Furthermore, it has also been elucidated that ozone molecules have a stronger oxidation reaction when they act together with water molecules, and their functions increase whether they are sterilized, washed, or exfoliated.

  Although the dissolved ozone can be stabilized by the gas molecule-dissolved liquid (ozone molecule-dissolved liquid) of the present invention, high-concentration ozone water can be supplied to the use point because it is stabilized. When ozone is heated as described above, the reactivity increases. However, since the time for returning to oxygen is shortened due to the temperature rise, it is necessary to finish the treatment within a short time. It is important to make adjustments so that ozone molecules dissolved in water act at high density and that the oxidation effect is remarkable when the water temperature is raised, at the same time, at the point of use. In other words, the factors necessary to increase the oxidation effect are the action point of water molecules and ozone molecules acting together, and during the very active molecular motion in the process of ozone molecules returning to oxygen. It is two elements of contact reaction. With ozone molecule-dissolved water, the ozone concentration-dissolving water that is always stable and has a long time to decrease the ozone concentration, and that ozone molecules are always acting together with water molecules, exhibits a particularly superior effect compared to general ozone water. It is.

  Furthermore, the inventor studied the field to which the present invention can be applied and advanced the experiment. The example described below is an example of a liquid clathrate produced by dissolving carbon dioxide in water.

  When the concentration of commercially available carbonated water is reduced to 1700 mg / L by natural opening, 13 g of dextrin preparation (trade name: Toromi Perfect / Nisshin Eulio) is added and stirred to increase The first sample (viscous body) was made to be viscous. FIG. 24 (a) shows the result of observation after 3 days have passed after the sample was transferred into the container, closed and refrigerated at 5 ° C. In this viscous fluid, large bubbles of carbon dioxide continue to be generated immediately after generation, and almost all of the carbon dioxide collects as bubbles in the upper part of the container and is deaerated. There wasn't.

  Next, carbon dioxide gas is mixed with tap water as raw water so as to be the liquid clathrate of the present invention, and the content is adjusted to 1700 mg / L close to the atmospheric pressure saturated dissolved concentration. A formulation (same as above) was added to increase the viscosity by adding 13 g per liter to produce a second sample (viscous material). FIG. 24 (b) shows the results of observation after 3 days have passed after the sample was transferred into the container without being pressurized and then closed and refrigerated at 5 ° C. In contrast to the case of FIG. 24A, no large bubbles of carbon dioxide gas were generated in this sample. Instead, many fine bubbles of carbon dioxide gas were generated, resulting in a milky white viscous body, but such a milky white state persisted. That is, it was confirmed that the carbon dioxide gas was kept dispersed.

  The dissolved carbon dioxide concentration was measured by a titration method. The viscosity increased by the dextrin preparation as the added thickener was 590 cP (centipoise) when the rotational speed of the rotor of the rotational viscometer was 60 RPM, 980 cP at 30 RPM, and 2170 cP at 12 RPM. It was also confirmed that the present viscous material mainly composed of dextrin given from the viewpoint of imparting viscosity is non-Newtonian (a property in which the shear stress is not proportional to the shear deformation rate), and that the viscosity changes depending on the rotational speed. Although not used in this study, by using a jelly preparation (for example, agar), a so-called gas-dissolved viscous material that cannot store gas components for a long time can be produced by the liquid clathrate production technology of the present invention. Is predicted. In FIG. 24B, fine bubbles of carbon dioxide gas are generated, but this state is not the same as the conventional bubbled liquid. This is a gas holding state that is achieved only by using the liquid clathrate of the present invention, and not only bubbles but also carbon dioxide molecules present in the liquid clathrate of the starting material are present between water molecules.

  In any case, it has been confirmed that the effect unique to the liquid clathrate (gas molecule-dissolved liquid), that is, the stable retention function of the gas molecule, is exhibited even in combination with the thickener. Therefore, by repeatedly examining the gas function and concentration, it was confirmed that the liquid clathrate of the present invention can be used as a drug having a drug delivery function, and as a beverage, food, health food, or the like. According to the present invention, there is a technique for containing gas (molecules) in a viscous body at a high concentration level that has been impossible in the past, holding it until a desired effect is exhibited, and arbitrarily adjusting the degree of the effect. Can be provided.

  Furthermore, the inventor studied the field in which the present invention can be used, and advanced the experiment. The example described below is an example of a liquid clathrate produced by dissolving hydrogen gas in water.

  Hydrogen water is rich in hydrogen, has a strong reducing power, and is said to have antioxidant performance. The inventor thought that in a stressful social environment, the use of hydrogen water could be useful in improving people's lifestyle-related diseases. And in order to fully exhibit such hydrogen water performance, the inventor considered that the technology of the present invention in which hydrogen is dissolved as a liquid clathrate in molecular units to such an extent that the hydrogen bond of water is reduced is suitable. . Therefore, commercially available hydrogen water (the concentration of dissolved hydrogen at the time of production filling is 1.2 mg / L of hydrogen water product with aluminum pouch / use of 2 bottles with a volume of 180 ml) and hydrogen that is a liquid clathrate. It was planned to drink molecular dissolved water (dissolved hydrogen concentration 1.4 mg / L / with glass bottle / 360 ml) to confirm its effect.

  We examined whether there was a difference between human molecule ingestion of hydrogen molecule dissolved water by liquid clathrate and commercial hydrogen water, and the effect of ingestion of hydrogen water was focused on the change of oxidative stress marker. The subjects were 5 in each test zone for men and women, and the weight of men was selected from 58 kg to 70 kg and the weight of women was 58 kg or less. Both men and women were under 40 years old.

  In both the liquid clathrate (hydrogen molecule-dissolved water) drinking zone and the commercial hydrogen water drinking zone, 360 ml was ingested continuously for 20 days. The ingestion method was to drink water freely within 60 minutes after opening the container. It should be noted that lifestyle habits regarding smoking and alcohol consumption were not changed. The test was carried out by a urine test, and analysis was performed by analyzing blood 80HdG = oxidative stress indicator substance (urinary nucleic acid metabolite said to increase when damage change occurs in cells due to oxidative stress). For the measurement of 80HdG, a kit of New 80 HdG Check ELISA (Nikken Zile Co., Ltd.) was used. The urine test was performed in the morning of the observation start day, and the urine was collected and observed in the same morning 20 days later. The measurement results are shown in FIG. The concentration of dissolved hydrogen at the time of filling commercial hydrogen water is 1.2 mg / L, whereas the concentration of liquid clathrate (hydrogen molecule dissolved water) is 1.4 mg / L. Although it exists, it is thought that it was in the almost same concentration range.

  As is clear from FIG. 25, in the liquid clathrate (hydrogen molecule-dissolved water) drinking section, the urinary oxidative stress marker decreased with an extremely remarkable value of 28% on average after 20 days from the start of the uptake. . On the other hand, in the commercially available hydrogen water, the stress marker did not decrease and no effect was seen. The dissolved hydrogen concentration of commercial hydrogen water is displayed as 1.2 mg / L at the time of filling and may actually have decreased at the time of ingestion, but the date of manufacture was within one month before use Judged that it was not significant.

  According to this study, even when water that is said to contain approximately the same hydrogen concentration was ingested, the effect appeared only on liquid clathrate dispersed so that hydrogen molecules decreased the hydrogen bonding rate of water. It was confirmed that the liquid clathrate of the present invention is more effective than the conventional one when used as a beverage, a medicine or a health food.

Further, fields to which the present invention can be applied are listed below. Of course, applicable fields are not limited to the following.
・ Restoration of stress using hydrogen gas ・ Heat shock and heat treatment technology using ozone gas is less degassed and uses not only sterilization techniques such as egg washing and fruit tree washing, but also pesticides (antifungal agents). Removal technology-Surface cleaning and surface modification of semiconductors and liquid crystal panels with ozone gas-Liquid clathrate ozone for cleaning MF and UF membrane filtration filters with ozone-resistant materials such as PVDF (PolyVinylidene DiFluoride) Uses water to completely remove fouling such as protein adhering to the membrane surface, regenerate the membrane, and continue water treatment for long periods without replacement

The present invention is intended to be variously modified and applied by those skilled in the art based on the description in the specification and well-known techniques without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Included in the scope for protection. Moreover, you may combine each component in the said embodiment arbitrarily in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of invention.
This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-122039 filed on May 27, 2010, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

201 Gas Mixed Liquid Generation Device 202 Storage Tank 203 Gas Supply Device 204 Circulation System Device 205 Gas Liquid Mixing Device (Gas Molecule Dissolved Liquid Generation Device)
206 Dissolution accelerating tank 207 Temperature holding device 231 Venturi pipe 232 Upstream large diameter path 233 Restricted ramp 234 Small diameter path 235 Opened inclined path 236 Downstream large diameter path 237 Super cavitation working section 239 Gas supply pipe 243 Magnetic circuit 245 One magnet piece 246 The other magnet piece 265 Gas-liquid separation device 267 Gas decomposition device 300 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis device 301 L-shaped mirror 302 Prism 303 Sample placement base 304 Cage 400, 401 Wastewater treatment facility 410 Adjustment tank 421 First aeration tank 422 Second aeration tank 423 Third aeration tank 430 Precipitation tank 440 Blower 450 Clathrate oxygen (oxygen molecule dissolved liquid) supply unit 460 Raw water supply pump

Claims (10)

A liquid clathrate produced by dissolving gas molecules in raw water,
A liquid clathrate in which gas molecules are present at least between water molecules of the raw water, and a hydrogen bond rate is smaller than a hydrogen bond rate of the raw water. A liquid clathrate according to claim 1,
A liquid clathrate in which hydrogen molecules between water molecules disappear due to gas molecules entering between water molecules. A liquid clathrate according to claim 1 or 2,
A liquid clathrate having a hydrogen bond energy smaller than that of the raw water. A liquid clathrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A liquid clathrate, wherein the raw water is a raw solution containing at least one of an organic substance and a microorganism. A liquid clathrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
By dissolving gas molecules in the raw water, the water cluster portion in the raw water in which water molecules are gathered at a higher density than the surroundings is crushed, the water cluster portion is refined compared to the raw water, and the gas A liquid clathrate in which the micronized water cluster portion is retained by the presence of molecules diffused in the raw water. A liquid clathrate produced by dissolving gas molecules in raw water,
A liquid clathrate in which the amount of hydrogen bond energy between water molecules measured by infrared spectroscopy is smaller than the amount of hydrogen bond energy of the raw water. A liquid clathrate produced by dissolving gas molecules in raw water,
A liquid class in which gas molecules are present at least between the water molecules of the raw water, and the number of water molecules in the water cluster portion in which the water molecules gather at a higher density than the surrounding water is less than the number of water molecules in the water cluster portion in the raw water. rate. A liquid clathrate produced by dissolving gas molecules in raw water,
A liquid clathrate in which gas molecules exist at least between water molecules of the raw water under a liquid phase in which no interstitial bond is generated between the water molecules of the raw water. A method for observing a liquid clathrate produced by dissolving gas molecules in raw water,
Cooling the liquid clathrate below a predetermined temperature;
Irradiate the cooled liquid clathrate with infrared rays,
By comparing the infrared absorbance of the liquid clathrate and the infrared absorbance of the raw water obtained in advance, the hydrogen bond rate of the liquid clathrate is smaller than the hydrogen bond rate of the raw water, and at least gas molecules are present in the liquid clathrate. A liquid clathrate observation method for observing the presence of water between water molecules in the raw water. An apparatus for observing a liquid clathrate produced by dissolving gas molecules in raw water,
A cooling device for cooling the liquid clathrate to a predetermined temperature or lower;
By irradiating the cooled liquid clathrate with infrared rays, and comparing the infrared absorbance of the liquid clathrate with the infrared absorbance of the raw water obtained in advance, the hydrogen bond rate of the liquid clathrate is the hydrogen bond of the raw water An infrared spectroscopy analyzer that observes that gas molecules are present between at least the water molecules of the raw water in the liquid clathrate,
A liquid clathrate observation device.

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