JPWO2009028295A1 - Fat separation method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a dry separation method for fats and oils that can be transported by providing fluidity to the slurry without lowering the crystallization ability even if purified oil, which is fats and oils from which free fatty acids have been removed, is used as a crystallization raw material. is there. It is a dry fractionation method of fats and oils characterized by adding the liquid side fraction at the time of pulverization after crystallization when crystallization of the raw material fat A and the dry fractionation into the liquid side fraction and the solid side fraction, Fat A is a lauric fat, and the lauric fat is a liquid side fraction obtained by fractionating palm kernel oil. It is a solid side fraction obtained by the dry fractionation method of the oil and fat, and is a liquid side fraction.

Description

  The present invention relates to a dry fractionation method for fats and oils, particularly lauric fats and oils.

Oil and fat fractionation technology is a technology that separates fats and oils into a liquid-side fraction and a solid-side fraction by utilizing the difference in melting properties. However, depending on the fractionation method, the yield of the liquid-side fraction and the solid-side fraction And there will be a difference in properties. As the oil and fat fractionation technique, a solvent fractionation method and a dry fractionation method are generally known.
Solvent fractionation is a method in which a solvent (acetone, hexane, alcohol, etc.) is added to oils and fats 0.5 to 5 times, dissolved and cooled, and crystals are precipitated to fractionate into a liquid side fraction and a solid side fraction. The properties are very good, but since a solvent is used, the safety and hygiene needs to be handled with care, the equipment is large, and the cost is high because the solvent is removed. There's a problem.

  In the dry fractionation method, heated and melted oils and fats are gradually cooled to precipitate crystals, which are separated into a liquid side fraction and a solid side fraction by solid-liquid separation using a filter press or the like. It is an environmentally friendly method because it does not use chemical substances and does not cause fat loss. However, there is a problem that the quality properties of the liquid side fraction and the solid side fraction are low. Also, the dry fractionation method can be transported by a pump when the number of crystals after crystallization is small (when the yield of the target solid side fraction is low), but by a pump when the amount of crystals is large. Since conveyance is difficult, handling takes time. In particular, the tendency of lauric fats and oils is remarkable, the fluidity of the slurry is poor, and the transportability is poor.

In Non-Patent Document 1, the palm kernel oil fractionation method in the Malay peninsula is precooled to about 27 ° C., lubricated on a large number of trays, and subjected to stationary crystallization at 18 ° C. to 21 ° C. for about 10 hours. It is described that a method of lapping with a filter cloth and solid-liquid separation by pressure filtration (hydraulic press) is typical. PKO is an unrefined oil of palm kernel oil, and thus crystallization operation and separation operation are generally performed using unrefined oil as raw material fat.
If unrefined oil is used as a raw material, the liquid side fraction after separation and the solid side fraction must be refined separately. It's not an option.
However, when refined oil, which is an oil and fat from which free fatty acids have been removed, is used as a crystallization raw material, it becomes a crystallization slurry with poor fluidity and makes it difficult to carry the slurry. As an improvement method, Patent Document 1 discloses that a certain amount or more of the fractionated low melting point fraction is recycled and mixed with the raw material fats and oils, so that a slurry can be formed even if a sufficient amount of crystals is secured in stationary crystallization. Is described. However, since this method is a method in which the liquid side fraction is mixed with about 50% of the raw material, the crystallization ability is remarkably lowered and the processing amount is reduced. Moreover, since the liquid side fraction unnecessary for crystallization must be cooled, the cost increase due to the increase in the required cooling capacity is inevitable.
Wong Soon “SPECIALITY FATS VERSUS COCOA BUTTER” 1991 JP-A-9-263785

  The object of the present invention is to provide a dry fractionation of fats and oils that can be transported by providing fluidity to the slurry without lowering the crystallization ability, even if purified oil that is free fats and fats is used as a crystallization raw material. It is to provide the law.

As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that it is effective to add the liquid side fraction at the time of disintegration after crystallization when performing dry fractionation on the liquid side fraction and the solid side fraction. The present invention has been completed.
That is, the first of the present invention is characterized in that the raw oil A is crystallized, and the liquid side fraction is added at the time of disintegration after crystallization when the liquid side fraction and the solid side fraction are subjected to dry fractionation. This is a dry separation method for fats and oils. The second is the dry fractionation method for fats and oils according to the first aspect, which is solid at the end of crystallization. 3rd is the dry classification method of the fats and oils of 1st or 2nd which add a liquid side fraction and convey to a pressing machine. 4th is the dry-type fractionation method of the fats and oils of any one of 1st-3rd whose fats and oils A are lauric fats and oils. Fifth is the dry fractionation method for fats and oils according to No. 4, wherein the lauric fats and oils are liquid side fractions obtained by fractionating palm kernel oil.
6th is the solid side fraction obtained by the dry fractionation method of fats and oils of any one of 1st-5th. 7th is the liquid side fraction obtained by the dry fractionation method of fats and oils of any one of 1st-5th.

  To provide a dry separation method for fats and oils that can be transported by providing fluidity to the slurry without reducing the crystallization ability even if purified oil, which is fats and oils from which free fatty acids have been removed, is used as a crystallization raw material. It became possible.

As the dry fractionation method for fats and oils of the present invention, the raw fat and oil A is crystallized, and when the liquid side fraction and the solid side fraction are dry fractionated, the liquid side fraction is added at the time of disintegration after crystallization. is there.
The raw fat / oil A may be any fat / oil having a liquid component and a solid component at 20 ° C., but lauric fat / oil, for example, palm kernel oil (PKO), low melting point fraction of palm kernel oil (PKL) ) Can be exemplified.

Oils and fats to be used for dry fractionation may be either unrefined oils or refined oils, but if unrefined oils are used as raw materials, liquid side fractions after separation and solid side fractions are not purified separately. From the industrial point of view, such as increasing the number of varieties in the refining process and tank feeding, it is not always a good option, and it is preferable and preferable to use refined oil in the fractionation method of the present invention. The degree of purification can generally use the acid value as an index.
In the present invention, the raw oil A is preferably deacidified to an acid value of 1.0 or less, preferably 0.5 or less, and further 0.3 or less. It is preferable to use such deacidified fats and oils because purification after fractionation is not necessary.
As a deoxidation method, physical deoxidation or chemical deoxidation can be employed.
Palm oils and fats undergo purification steps such as degumming, decolorization, and physical deoxidation (RBD: Refined Bleached Deodorized), or undergo neutralization, decolorization, physical deoxidation, and deodorization steps (NBD: Neutralized Bleached Deodorized). It is.

The dry separation method of fats and oils of the present invention is a method of [precooling] and [crystallization] the raw fats and oils [a step of adding a liquid side fraction during pulverization] and [squeezing, solid-liquid separation].
[Preliminary cooling] The raw oil and fat is usually stored in a tank at 40 ° C. or higher in order to prevent wintering. This is precooled using a heat exchanger or the like. In the preliminary cooling, it is preferable to cool in a relatively short time to a temperature at which clear crystal precipitation does not occur.

[Crystallization] is a stationary crystallization of a precooled raw material oil, which is solidified at the end of crystallization.
Specifically, it is preferable that the raw material oil is poured into a tray and the oiling is performed in a short time. For example, it is possible to shorten the lubrication time by providing an oil lubrication pipe in a multistage shelf on which trays are arranged and performing lubrication to a plurality of trays simultaneously.

In the step of adding the liquid side fraction at the time of crushing, the solid fats and oils crystallized in the tray are called cakes, and the solid fats and oils are taken out from the tray and crushed to make a slurry. However, by adding the liquid side fraction at the time of pulverization, the fats and oils are increased in fluidity and can be transported to a press by piping.
The method of the present invention is suitable for raw oils and fats that have been crystallized to such an extent that they are not fluidized even if solid oils are taken out and crushed.
For crushing, a low-speed mixer, auger, and / or kneader are usually used.
The amount to be added to the liquid side fraction is 10 to 50% by weight, preferably 15 to 40% by weight, more preferably 15%, based on the total amount of the mixed oil and fat obtained by combining the liquid side fraction with the crystallized fat and oil. ~ 30% by weight. When the amount is small, the fluidity of the slurry becomes low and it becomes difficult to convey to the pressing machine. A large number is not preferable because it causes an increase in equipment costs accompanying an increase in the processing amount.

[Compression, solid-liquid separation] means that the solid-liquid separation method can adopt a known method, but as described above, since the fats and oils are slurried, they can be transported using a squeezer For example, solid-liquid separation can be performed with a filter press that is highly efficient and advantageous for automation.
In this way, a solid side fraction and a liquid side fraction can be obtained.

  Applications of the solid side fraction obtained by the dry fractionation method of the present invention include fats and oils for chocolate, raw oils and fats for margarine shortening, raw oils and fats such as flour pastes and instant creaming powder. In addition, liquid side fractions are also used as raw material oils for O / W emulsified oils and fats such as chocolate hardness adjustment and margarine shortening raw oils and fats, ice cream and ice coating oils, whipped cream and coffee creams. It is possible.

  EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the spirit of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. In the examples, “%” and “part” mean weight basis.

Comparative Example 1
As raw oil and fat, 4000 g of RBDPKL that was heated and melted to 40 ° C. was placed in a 10 L vat, and the 10 L vat was immersed in a water tank. Then, after preliminarily cooling the fats and oils from 40 ° C. to 27 ° C. by stirring and cooling while keeping the water bath temperature at 15 ° C. to 20 ° C., the liquid depth is 5 cm on a stainless steel tray of 30 cm (L) × 30 cm (W) × 8 cm (H). And cooled in an air chamber with a cold air temperature of 13 ° C. for 15 hours to perform stationary crystallization. Thereafter, the crystallized oil was crushed to try to make a slurry. However, although the pulverization was possible, it was difficult to convey to the filter press because the tackiness was strong and the fluidity was low. .
(RBDPKL is an oil / fat having an iodine value of 25 and an acid value of 0.15 in a liquid side fraction obtained by fractionating refined palm kernel oil.)

Example 1
As raw oil and fat, 3200 g of RBDPKL used in Comparative Example 1 was heated and melted to 40 ° C. and placed in a 10 L vat, and the 10 L vat was immersed in a water tank. Then, after preliminarily cooling the fats and oils from 40 ° C. to 27 ° C. by stirring and cooling while keeping the water bath temperature at 15 ° C. to 20 ° C., the liquid depth is 5 cm on a stainless steel tray of 30 cm (L) × 30 cm (W) × 8 cm (H). And cooled in an air chamber with a cold air temperature of 13 ° C. for 15 hours to perform stationary crystallization. Thereafter, 800 g of RBDPKL-L was added to the crystallized oil and fat during pulverization, and the fluidity was confirmed. As a result, the fluidity was good and the slurry could be easily conveyed by a gear pump. In this test, the slurry was pressed into a filter press having a filter chamber thickness of 20 mm and squeezed for 1 hour at a maximum of 30 kgf / cm ² . RBDPKL-F of the obtained solid side fraction was 1600 g, and the properties were an iodine value of 15 and an acid value of 0.10. RBDPKL-L of the liquid side fraction was 2400 g, and the properties were an iodine value of 35 and an acid value of 0.25.

Comparative Example 2
As raw material fats, 3200 g of refined oil (RBDPKL, iodine value 25, acid value 0.15) of the liquid side fraction obtained by separating palm kernel oil heated and melted to 40 ° C. and RBDPKL-L 800 g heated and melted to 40 ° C. 4000 g of the mixed fats and oils were used as a crystallization raw material, and precooled from 40 ° C. to 27 ° C. as in Comparative Example 1, and then cooled in an air chamber at a cold air temperature of 13 ° C. for 15 hours for crystallization. Thereafter, the crystallized oil was crushed and slurried, and the state was almost the same as the state obtained in Comparative Example 1, but the level of crushing was possible, but the adhesiveness was strong and the fluidity was high. Since it was low, it was assumed that it was difficult to convey to the filter press.

  The present invention relates to a dry fractionation method for fats and oils, particularly lauric fats and oils.

Claims (7)

A method for dry fractionation of fats and oils, characterized in that the liquid side fraction is added at the time of crushing after crystallization when the raw material fat A is crystallized and subjected to dry fractionation into a liquid side fraction and a solid side fraction. The dry fractionation method for fats and oils according to claim 1, which is solid at the end of crystallization. The dry separation method of fats and oils according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid side fraction is added and then conveyed to a press. The dry fractionation method for fats and oils according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fats and oils A are lauric fats and oils. The dry separation method of fats and oils according to claim 4, wherein the lauric fat is a liquid side fraction obtained by fractionating palm kernel oil. The solid side fraction obtained by the dry fractionation method of fats and oils of any one of Claims 1-5. The liquid side fraction obtained by the dry fractionation method of fats and oils of any one of Claims 1-5.