JP4654588B2 - Separation method of fats and oils, seed and fats and oils used therefor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for seed separation of fats and oils, in particular, a method for fractionation of fats and oils using high-pressure treated seeds, and an oil and fat with excellent cold resistance obtained thereby.

Fats and oils based on natural raw materials such as animal oils such as beef tallow and fish oil, and vegetable oils such as palm oil, rapeseed oil and soybean oil contain a plurality of fat components having different compositions, and the fat composition such as fatty acid composition differs depending on the production area etc. For this reason, oil and fat components are fractionated for the purpose of making the composition uniform. Examples of the fractionation method include a solvent fractionation method and a method using a surfactant. One of them is a crystallization method in which a certain fat and oil component is fractionated by utilizing a difference in melting point of the fat and oil component.
The conventional separation of fats and oils by crystallization is very inefficient because it takes much time to crystallize fats and oils. In addition, the solid portion after crystallization often has a grease-like state, and a large filtration pressure is required for separating the liquid portion, and a long time is required for the filtration.

  In order to solve these problems, various improvement methods have been conventionally proposed. For example, a method (Patent Document 1) in which a slurry containing a remelting point component crystal of fats and oils is used as a seed crystal (seed) has been proposed. There is a drawback that takes time. Moreover, in order to shorten the crystallization time, in the method (Patent Document 2, Non-Patent Document 1) of continuously processing oils and fats for fractionation by applying high pressure, it is necessary to apply high pressure to the entire system in the process. In addition, such a device has a drawback that it is unnecessarily large in safety design and requires a large cost for maintenance. In addition, depending on the type of oil, the crystallization time is not shortened in proportion to the pressure. is there. Furthermore, although a method for promoting crystallization by performing ultrasonic treatment (Patent Document 3) has also been proposed, this method also applies ultrasonic waves to the entire system for 6 to 12 hours. Control to prevent promotion and crystal refinement is difficult.

JP 54-77605 A JP 2002-30295 A JP 2002-226886 A Kiel Milchwirtsch. Forschungsber. Vol.47. No.3 P209-220 (1995)

  The present invention is intended to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art in the separation of fats and oils, and to provide a method capable of separating fats and oils easily and in a short time.

As a result of diligent research to overcome these conventional technical problems, the present inventors have created seeds by applying high pressure to a liquid material in which the fats and oils are melted, dissolved, or dispersed in the preparation of seeds for use in the separation of fats and oils. Although the time can be greatly shortened and the details of the mechanism of action are unknown, by using a small amount of the seed (high-pressure seed) obtained in this way for crystallization of oils and fats to be separated, As a result, it was found that the effect of promoting crystallization at a relatively high temperature similar to that applied to a high pressure was obtained, and that the filterability after crystallization was greatly improved, and the present invention was completed.
That is, the present invention is a method of preparing a seed in a short time by high-pressure treatment of oils and fats to be used in the separation of oils and fats containing a plurality of oil and fat components having different compositions, and separating them using the seeds. By this method, it is possible to shorten the seed creation time, shorten the crystallization time, and improve the filterability, thereby greatly improving the separation efficiency.
In addition, the oil and fat fractionated using the seed of the present invention is particularly excellent in cold resistance and can be used in a wide range of applications.

  Since the seeds according to the present invention may be added in a small amount in the separation of fats and oils, the seeds according to the present invention need not be prepared in a large amount and may be prepared in a small amount. The oils and fats used as seeds may be either solid or liquid, and the solid fats may be used in a melted state by being heated to a melting point or higher, or dissolved or dispersed in liquid fats. In addition, as the fats and oils to be seeded, a part of the fats and oils to be separated may be collected and used for seeds, or fats and oils different from the fats and oils to be separated may be used. In the case of the latter, it is good also as selecting the fats and oils containing many fat components which should be fractionated.

  The pressure when a high pressure is applied to a liquid material obtained by melting, dissolving or dispersing the fats and oils when preparing a small amount of seeds used for oil and fat separation is suitably in the range of 10 to 400 MPa, preferably 30 to 300 MPa, particularly 50 to 200 MPa can produce the seed most efficiently. Below 10 MPa, when compared at the same temperature, crystallization by high pressure takes much time, and in some cases, crystallization may not occur, and as a result, seeding may not be possible. If it is 30 MPa or more, seeds can be obtained without causing these disadvantages. If the pressure exceeds 400 MPa, the high-pressure processing apparatus itself becomes an unnecessarily large apparatus, and temperature control becomes difficult. Depending on the type of oil, crystallization time may not necessarily be shortened even if the pressure is increased to 400 MPa. It is known (Non-Patent Document 1). Therefore, it is preferable to keep the pressure at a maximum of 200 to 300 MPa.

Hereinafter, detailed embodiments of the present invention will be described.
The raw material fats and oils used in the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they are edible fats and oils used in ordinary processed oils and fats, animal oils such as beef tallow, pork tallow, milk fat, fish oil, liver oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil In addition, vegetable oils such as palm oil, palm kernel oil, and palm oil, and edible oils and fats that are generally used such as hydrogenated oil, transesterified oil, and the like, or fractionated oils thereof can be used. Although these raw material fats and oils may be fractionated as crude oil, it is preferable to carry out normal treatments such as deoxidation, decolorization, and deodorization as necessary and refine them after purification.
Further, the inoculation amount of the high-pressure seed is inoculated in the range of 0.01 to 5%, preferably 0.01 to 2% with respect to the raw material fat to be separated.
As the high-pressure processing equipment, since the inoculation amount of the high-pressure seed is small as described above, a commercially available food super-high pressure processing equipment (Dr. CHEF manufactured by Kobe Steel), ultra-high pressure processing equipment (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.) MFP-7000) may be used, and if the pressure is relatively low up to about 200MPa, a high-pressure pump, high-pressure valve, and high-pressure tube with appropriate specifications are combined and a temperature-controllable device is created and used. You can also

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited by these.
Example 1
・ Preparation of high-pressure seeds 4 g of palm oil completely dissolved at 70 ° C. was taken into a plastic bag and the bag was heat-sealed. Then, the product was manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., using an ultra-high pressure treatment device (MFP-7000) The pressure treatment was performed at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes at a temperature of 100 ° C. 4 g of palm oil in a crystallized state as a whole was taken out and used as a high pressure seed.
・ Fractionation Inoculate 400 g of palm oil previously dissolved at 70 ° C. with the high-pressure seed,
While maintaining at 37 ° C. in a jacketed container, the mixture was gently stirred and crystallized for 90 minutes. Thereafter, the mixture was suction filtered with No. 5B filter paper while maintaining the temperature at 37 ° C. with a jacketed funnel.

Example 2
Except for preparing a high-pressure seed that was pressure-treated at 37 ° C. and a pressure of 50 MPa for 60 minutes, 0.4 g of palm oil that had been crystallized as a whole was taken out as in Example 1 to obtain a high-pressure seed. . The sorting operation is the same as in Example 1.

Example 3
-Preparation of high-pressure seed A pressure treatment was performed at 25 ° C and a pressure of 200 MPa for 60 minutes in the same manner as in Example 1 except that palm olein completely dissolved at 70 ° C was used. 4 g of palm olein in a crystallized state was taken out and used as a high pressure seed.
Fractionation 400 g of palm olein previously dissolved at 70 ° C. was inoculated with the high-pressure seed, and gently agitated for 4 hours while being kept at 20 ° C. in a jacketed container. Thereafter, the mixture was suction filtered with No. 5B filter paper while being kept at 30 ° C. with a jacketed funnel.

Example 4
A high-pressure seed was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and 0.4 g of palm oil that had been crystallized throughout was taken out and used as a high-pressure seed. The sorting operation is the same as in Example 1.

Example 5
・ Preparation of high-pressure seeds 4g of soybean oil / palm mixed oil was taken into a plastic bag and heat-sealed, and then the pressure was 200MPa at 37 ° C with a super-high pressure treatment device (MFP-7000) manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. What was pressurized for 30 minutes was used as a high-pressure seed.
Fractionation 400 g of soybean / palm mixed oil previously dissolved at 70 ° C. was inoculated with the high-pressure seed, and gently agitated for 4 hours while being kept at 37 ° C. in a jacketed container. Thereafter, the mixture was suction filtered with No. 5B filter paper while maintaining the temperature at 37 ° C. with a jacketed funnel.

Example 6
・ Preparation of high-pressure seeds After 4g of rapeseed / palm mixed oil was taken into a plastic bag and heat-sealed, it was heated at 37 ° C and 200MPa with an ultra-high pressure treatment device (MFP-7000) manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. What was pressurized for 30 minutes was used as a high-pressure seed.
Fractionation 400 g of rapeseed / palm mixed oil previously dissolved at 70 ° C. was inoculated with the high-pressure seed, and gently agitated for 4 hours while being kept at 37 ° C. in a jacketed container. Thereafter, the mixture was suction filtered with No. 5B filter paper while maintaining the temperature at 37 ° C. with a jacketed funnel.

Example 7
(Comparison of cold resistance) 30 g of the filtrate (olein part) of Comparative Example 3 and 30 g of the filtrate (olein part) of Example 3 were once heated to 70 ° C. and stored at 5 ° C. The filtrate of Comparative Example 3 was turbid after 30 minutes, but Example 3 was clear. After 1 hour, the filtrate of Comparative Example 3 was turbid and poor in fluidity, but Example 3 was slightly turbid but fluidity was good.

Comparative Example 1
Without using a seed, 400 g of palm oil dissolved in advance at 70 ° C. is put into a jacketed container, and cooled to 20 ° C. step by step. Thereafter, while maintaining the temperature at 20 ° C., the mixture was gently stirred and crystallized for 17 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was suction filtered with No. 5B filter paper while being kept at 20 ° C. with a jacketed funnel. However, the crystallized solid part became grease-like, and filtration could not be completed even if suction filtration was performed for 5 hours or more, and was stopped halfway.

Comparative Example 2
Palm oil is heated to 70 ° C. for 1 hour and then cooled to 50 ° C. and then cooled from 50 ° C. at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./hour. At 45 ° C., the same decolorized oil is gradually cooled at a cooling rate of 15 ° C./hour. The slurry obtained by cooling and maintaining at 30 ° C. was added at 0.1 wt%. Subsequently, the mixture was cooled at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./hour under stirring, and kept at the temperature of 30 ° C. for 12 hours to sufficiently achieve a solid-liquid equilibrium, followed by suction filtration.

Comparative Example 3
Without using seeds, 400 g of palm olein dissolved in advance at 70 ° C. was put into a jacketed container, and cooled to 20 ° C. step by step. Thereafter, while maintaining the temperature at 20 ° C., the mixture was gently stirred and crystallized for 18 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was suction filtered with No. 5B filter paper while being kept at 20 ° C. with a jacketed funnel. The crystallized solid part became grease-like, but the solid part was small and filtration was possible.

Comparative Example 4
Without using seeds, 400 g of soybean / palm mixed oil previously dissolved at 70 ° C. was put into a jacketed container and cooled to 37 ° C. Thereafter, while maintaining the temperature at 37 ° C., the mixture was gently stirred and crystallized for 20 hours. Thereafter, suction filtration was performed with a No. 5B filter paper while maintaining the temperature at 30 ° C. with a jacketed funnel, but only a small solid portion was obtained.

Comparative Example 5
Without using seeds, 400 g of rapeseed / palm mixed oil previously dissolved at 70 ° C. was put into a jacketed container and cooled to 37 ° C. Thereafter, while maintaining the temperature at 37 ° C., the mixture was gently stirred and crystallized for 15 hours. Thereafter, suction filtration was performed with a No. 5B filter paper while maintaining the temperature at 37 ° C. with a jacketed funnel, but almost no solid portion was obtained.

Reference example Solvent fractionation is a method commonly used in Europe to improve the efficiency of crystallization and filtration. However, the use of acetone or hexane as the solvent, equipment and environmental aspects. Although there are problems such as yield per unit treatment amount, it is shown as a reference example because it is a method that is still used because of relatively good crystallization time and filtration efficiency.
Compared with this method, the method of the present invention is not inferior, does not require excessive explosion-proof equipment, does not require evaporation of the solvent, does not cause environmental pollution due to harmful solvents, and is viewed from the working environment and safety aspects. It is clear that it is useful.
The results are shown in Table 1 together with the results of solvent fractionation as examples and comparative examples and reference examples in Table 2.

Claims (3)

It is a seed used to separate raw oils and fats consisting of palm oil, palm olein, or mixed oils of these with edible fats and oils by crystallization without applying high pressure to the whole raw fats and oils , and should be separated into liquids A seed obtained by applying a high pressure of 10 to 400 MPa to an oil and fat containing an oil and fat component. When separating raw oil and fat consisting of palm oil, palm olein, or a mixed oil of these and edible oil and fat by crystallization without applying high pressure to the entire raw oil and fat, liquefying the fat and oil containing the fat and oil component to be separated , A method for fractionating fats and oils, characterized in that liquefied fats and oils subjected to a high pressure of 10 to 400 MPa are used as seeds. Liquid oil obtained by fractionating palm oil, palm olein, or a mixed oil of these and edible oil by the fractionation method according to claim 2.