JPWO2006112496A1 - Method for producing proanthocyanidin-containing material - Google Patents
Method for producing proanthocyanidin-containing material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2006112496A1 JPWO2006112496A1 JP2007528182A JP2007528182A JPWO2006112496A1 JP WO2006112496 A1 JPWO2006112496 A1 JP WO2006112496A1 JP 2007528182 A JP2007528182 A JP 2007528182A JP 2007528182 A JP2007528182 A JP 2007528182A JP WO2006112496 A1 JPWO2006112496 A1 JP WO2006112496A1
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pine bark
- mass
- proanthocyanidin
- ethanol
- synthetic resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- JPFCOVZKLAXXOE-XBNSMERZSA-N (3r)-2-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2r,3r,4r)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2h-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2h-chromene-3,5,7-triol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=C(O)C=C1C1[C@H](O)CC(C(O)=CC(O)=C2[C@H]3C4=C(O)C=C(O)C=C4O[C@@H]([C@@H]3O)C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)=C2O1 JPFCOVZKLAXXOE-XBNSMERZSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229920001991 Proanthocyanidin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 235000010204 pine bark Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 86
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
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- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
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- ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechin Natural products OC1Cc2cc(O)cc(O)c2OC1c3ccc(O)c(O)c3 ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-IUODEOHRSA-N epi-Gallocatechin Chemical compound C1([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O)=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-IUODEOHRSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 2
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- VEVZSMAEJFVWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-O cyanidin cation Chemical compound [O+]=1C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=C(O)C=1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VEVZSMAEJFVWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
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- XELZGAJCZANUQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1-acetylthieno[3,2-c]pyrazole-5-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(=O)N1N=CC2=C1C=C(C(=O)OC)S2 XELZGAJCZANUQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-SWLSCSKDSA-N (+)-Epigallocatechin Natural products C1([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@@H]2O)=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-SWLSCSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N l-ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O)=C(O)C1=O TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- HKUHOPQRJKPJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pelargonidin Natural products OC1=Cc2c(O)cc(O)cc2OC1c1ccc(O)cc1 HKUHOPQRJKPJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MOJZMWJRUKIQGL-XILRTYJMSA-N procyanidin C1 Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2[C@H](O)[C@H](C3=C(O)C=C(O)C=C3O2)C2=C3O[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](C3=C(O)C=C2O)C=2C(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]([C@H](OC3=2)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=CC=2)O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=CC=2)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 MOJZMWJRUKIQGL-XILRTYJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVARTBFNCCXQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-one;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(C)=O OVARTBFNCCXQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Pyrane Compounds (AREA)
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Abstract
本発明のプロアントシアニジン含有物の製造方法は、松樹皮1質量部に対して、50〜80容量%のエタノール水溶液10容量部を加えて80〜85℃にて1時間抽出したときに、乾燥質量換算で7質量%以上の固形物が得られる松樹皮を出発原料とし、該松樹皮を水および有機溶媒のうちの少なくとも1種で抽出する工程、および該抽出物を合成樹脂系吸着剤で処理する工程を包含する。本発明の製造方法によって、OPCを10質量%以上含有するプロアントシアニジン含有物が簡便かつ効率よく得られる。In the method for producing a proanthocyanidin-containing product of the present invention, when 1 part by weight of pine bark is added with 10 parts by volume of 50-80% by volume ethanol aqueous solution and extracted at 80-85 ° C. for 1 hour, the dry mass Using a pine bark from which 7% by mass or more of solid matter is obtained as a starting material as a starting material, extracting the pine bark with at least one of water and an organic solvent, and treating the extract with a synthetic resin adsorbent The process of carrying out is included. By the production method of the present invention, a proanthocyanidin-containing product containing 10% by mass or more of OPC can be obtained simply and efficiently.
Description
本発明は、生理活性が高いOPCを多く含むプロアントシアニジン含有物を、効率よく製造する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for efficiently producing a proanthocyanidin-containing product containing a large amount of OPC having high physiological activity.
プロアントシアニジンは、各種植物中に存在する縮合または重合(以下、縮重合という)したタンニンであり、フラバン−3−オールまたはフラバン−3,4−ジオールを構成単位として縮重合した化合物群である。これらは、酸処理によりシアニジン、デルフィニジン、ペラルゴニジンなどのアントシアニジン類を生成することから、その名称が与えられている。
プロアントシアニジンは、ポリフェノール類の一種で、植物が作り出す強力な抗酸化物質であり、植物の葉、樹皮、果物の皮もしくは種の部分に集中的に含まれている。プロアントシアニジンは、具体的には、ブドウの種、松の樹皮、ピーナッツの皮、イチョウ葉、ニセアカシアの果実、コケモモの果実などに含まれている。また、西アフリカのコーラナッツ、ペルーのラタニアの根、日本の緑茶にも、プロアントシアニジンが含まれることが知られている。プロアントシアニジンは、ヒトの体内では、生成することのできない物質である。
近年、これらのプロアントシアニジンの中でも、重合度が低いプロアントシアニジン、特に重合度が2〜4の縮重合体(2〜4量体)が、優れた生理活性を有することが報告されている。この重合度が2〜4の縮重合体は、一般的に、オリゴメリック・プロアントシアニジン(oligomeric proanthocyanidin:OPC)と呼ばれる。
このようなプロアントシアニジンは、一般的には、植物体から抽出することによって得られる。抽出溶媒としては、一般に、水;メタノール、エタノール、アセトン、ヘキサン、酢酸エチルなどの有機溶媒;またはこれらの混合物が用いられる(特開平11−80148号公報)。しかし、単に溶媒による抽出のみでは、プロアントシアニジンの回収量は低く、純度も低い。したがって、健康食品、化粧品および医薬品原料として使用するためには、純度を上げるために、さらなる濃縮、精製などの工程が必要であり、コストおよび時間がかかる。
プロアントシアニジンを含むポリフェノール類を回収する方法としては、以下の方法が提案されている。例えば、特開平5−279264号公報および特開平6−56689号公報には、ポリフェノール類をキチンに吸着させ、ポリフェノール類が吸着したキチンをポリフェノール製品として利用することが記載されている。特開2002−97187号公報には、植物抽出液にアスコルビン酸およびアルカリ金属またはその塩を添加して、pHを6〜11としてポリフェノール類の金属塩を沈殿させ、この沈殿物をイオン交換樹脂などで脱塩することによって遊離ポリフェノールを回収する方法が記載されている。
しかし、上記の方法で回収されるプロアントシアニジンは、重合度が高いものがほとんどであり、優れた効果を有する2〜4量体のOPCの含有量は極めて低い。
植物体からOPCを抽出する方法および/またはOPCを合成する方法としては、特開平4−190774号公報、特開平10−218769号公報、特開2001−131027号公報、およびEberhard Scholzら,Proanthocyanidins from Krameria triandra Root,Planta Medica,55(1989),379−384頁に開示されている。しかし、上記抽出方法においては、植物体の抽出液を吸着体に接触させて、吸着した成分を溶出させ、得られた画分を回収した後、この画分を用いてさらに同じ工程を繰り返さなければ、OPC含有量を高めることができず、効率的ではない。合成方法についても、工程数が多く、コストおよび時間がかかる問題、廃液処理の問題などがある。
さらに、本出願人は、植物体の抽出物または搾汁を、キチン、キトサン、またはその誘導体と接触させ、非吸着物を回収し、この非吸着物を合成樹脂系吸着剤で処理することによってプロアントシアニジン含有物が得られること(国際公開第03/090770号公報)、および松樹皮抽出物を吸着性の樹脂(ダイアイオンHP−20など)で処理することによってプロアントシアニジン含有量が高められた松樹皮抽出物が得られること(特開2005−47818号公報)を開示している。
しかし、これら以外にも、簡便で、OPCを多く含有するプロアントシアニジンの精製方法が求められている。Proanthocyanidins are condensed or polymerized (hereinafter referred to as polycondensation) tannins present in various plants, and are a group of compounds obtained by polycondensation using flavan-3-ol or flavan-3,4-diol as a constituent unit. These are given their names because they produce anthocyanidins such as cyanidin, delphinidin and pelargonidin by acid treatment.
Proanthocyanidins, a type of polyphenols, are powerful antioxidants produced by plants and are concentrated in plant leaves, bark, fruit peels or seed parts. Specifically, proanthocyanidins are contained in grape seeds, pine bark, peanut skin, ginkgo biloba, black acacia fruit, cowberry fruit and the like. It is also known that West African cola nuts, Peruvian Latania roots, and Japanese green tea contain proanthocyanidins. Proanthocyanidins are substances that cannot be produced in the human body.
In recent years, it has been reported that among these proanthocyanidins, a proanthocyanidin having a low polymerization degree, particularly a condensation polymer having a polymerization degree of 2 to 4 (2 to 4 mer) has excellent physiological activity. This polycondensation polymer having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 4 is generally referred to as oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC).
Such proanthocyanidins are generally obtained by extraction from plant bodies. As the extraction solvent, generally, water; organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, hexane, and ethyl acetate; or a mixture thereof is used (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-80148). However, simply by extraction with a solvent, the recovered amount of proanthocyanidins is low and the purity is low. Therefore, in order to use as a raw material for health foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, further steps such as concentration and purification are required to increase the purity, which is costly and time consuming.
The following methods have been proposed as a method for recovering polyphenols containing proanthocyanidins. For example, JP-A-5-279264 and JP-A-6-56789 describe that polyphenols are adsorbed to chitin, and chitin adsorbed by polyphenols is used as a polyphenol product. In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-97187, ascorbic acid and an alkali metal or a salt thereof are added to a plant extract to precipitate a metal salt of polyphenols at a pH of 6 to 11, and the precipitate is exchanged with an ion exchange resin or the like. Describes a method for recovering free polyphenols by desalting with a.
However, most of the proanthocyanidins recovered by the above method have a high degree of polymerization, and the content of OPC as a 2- to 4-mer having an excellent effect is extremely low.
As a method for extracting OPC from a plant body and / or a method for synthesizing OPC, JP-A-4-190774, JP-A-10-218769, JP-A-2001-131027, and Eberhard Scholz et al., Proanthocyanidins from Krameria triandra Root, Planta Medica, 55 (1989), pages 379-384. However, in the above extraction method, the plant extract is brought into contact with the adsorbent, the adsorbed components are eluted, the obtained fraction is collected, and then the same process must be repeated using this fraction. In this case, the OPC content cannot be increased and is not efficient. As for the synthesis method, there are a large number of steps, cost and time, and waste liquid treatment.
Further, the present applicant contacts the plant extract or juice with chitin, chitosan, or a derivative thereof, recovers the non-adsorbed material, and treats the non-adsorbed material with a synthetic resin-based adsorbent. Proanthocyanidin content can be obtained (WO 03/090770), and the pine bark extract was treated with an adsorbent resin (such as Diaion HP-20) to increase the proanthocyanidin content. It discloses that a pine bark extract can be obtained (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-47818).
However, in addition to these, there is a need for a method for purifying proanthocyanidins that is simple and contains a large amount of OPC.
本発明者らは、優れた生理活性を有するOPCを高い割合で含有するプロアントシアニジン含有物を効率よく得る方法について鋭意検討した。その結果、松樹皮1質量部に対して、50〜80容量%のエタノール水溶液10容量部を加えて80〜85℃にて1時間抽出したときに、乾燥質量換算で7質量%以上の固形物が得られる松樹皮を出発原料として用い、この松樹皮を水および有機溶媒のうちの少なくとも1種で抽出し、そして得られる抽出物を合成樹脂系吸着剤で処理することによって、OPCを10質量%以上含有するプロアントシアニジン含有物が簡便でかつ効率良く得られることを見出して、本発明を完成するに至った。
本発明は、松樹皮1質量部に対して、50〜80容量%のエタノール水溶液10容量部を加えて80〜85℃にて1時間抽出したときに、乾燥質量換算で7質量%以上の固形物が得られる松樹皮を出発原料とし、該松樹皮を水および有機溶媒のうちの少なくとも1種で抽出する工程、および該抽出物を合成樹脂系吸着剤で処理する工程を包含する、OPCを10質量%以上含有するプロアントシアニジン含有物の製造方法を提供する。
ある実施態様においては、上記合成樹脂系吸着剤は、芳香族系樹脂、(メタ)アクリル酸系樹脂、および(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である。
ある実施態様においては、上記抽出物を合成樹脂系吸着剤で処理する工程において、該抽出物と該合成樹脂系吸着剤とを接触させた後に、アルコールを10〜30容量%含有する水溶液で溶出させ、溶出液を回収する。The present inventors diligently studied a method for efficiently obtaining a proanthocyanidin-containing product containing a high proportion of OPC having excellent physiological activity. As a result, when 1 volume part of pine bark was added with 10 volume parts of 50-80 volume% ethanol aqueous solution and extracted for 1 hour at 80-85 ° C., 7 mass% or more solid matter in terms of dry weight. As a starting material, the pine bark is extracted with at least one of water and an organic solvent, and the resulting extract is treated with a synthetic resin-based adsorbent to obtain 10 mass of OPC. The present inventors have found that a proanthocyanidin-containing product containing at least% can be obtained simply and efficiently, thereby completing the present invention.
In the present invention, when 10 parts by volume of 50 to 80% by volume ethanol aqueous solution is added to 1 part by weight of pine bark and extracted at 80 to 85 ° C. for 1 hour, 7% by weight or more solids in terms of dry weight is obtained. An OPC comprising a pine bark from which a product is obtained as a starting material, the step of extracting the pine bark with at least one of water and an organic solvent, and the step of treating the extract with a synthetic resin-based adsorbent. Provided is a method for producing a proanthocyanidin-containing product containing 10% by mass or more.
In one embodiment, the synthetic resin-based adsorbent is at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic resins, (meth) acrylic acid resins, and (meth) acrylate resins.
In one embodiment, in the step of treating the extract with a synthetic resin-based adsorbent, the extract is contacted with the synthetic resin-based adsorbent, and then eluted with an aqueous solution containing 10 to 30% by volume of alcohol. And collect the eluate.
本発明のプロアントシアニジン含有物の製造方法は、松樹皮1質量部に対して、50〜80容量%のエタノール水溶液10容量部を加えて80〜85℃にて1時間抽出したときに、乾燥質量換算で7質量%以上の固形物が得られる松樹皮を出発原料とし、該松樹皮を水および有機溶媒のうちの少なくとも1種で抽出する工程(以下、抽出工程という)、および該抽出物を合成樹脂系吸着剤で処理する工程(以下、合成樹脂系吸着剤処理工程という)を包含する。本明細書においては、まず、本発明に用いる松樹皮を説明した後、抽出工程および合成樹脂系吸着剤処理工程を説明する。そして得られるプロアントシアニジン含有物について説明する。
(本発明に用いる松樹皮)
本発明に用いる松樹皮は、松樹皮1質量部に対して、50〜80容量%のエタノール水溶液10容量部を加えて80〜85℃にて1時間抽出したときに、乾燥質量換算で7質量%以上、好ましくは13質量%以上、より好ましくは13質量%〜30質量%の固形物(以下、含水エタノール可溶成分という)が得られる。含水エタノール可溶成分を7質量%以上含有する松樹皮を用いることによって、1回のカラム法でOPCを10質量%以上含有するプロアントシアニジン含有物を効率的に得ることが可能となる。エタノール含量が50〜80容量%の範囲を外れる水溶液を用いる場合、可溶成分が7質量%以上であってもOPCを10質量%以上含有する所望のプロアントシアニジン含有物は得られない。本発明においては、上記の抽出条件を用いて、松樹皮を予め選別することによって、OPCを10質量%以上含有するプロアントシアニジン含有物を簡便に得ることができる点を特徴の一つとする。
上記松樹皮中の含水エタノール可溶成分の含有量は、例えば、以下のようにして測定することができる。まず、乾燥質量100gの松樹皮を、例えば、カッター、スライサー、ミルなど、あるいはミキサー、ジューサー、ブレンダー、マスコロイダーなどの破砕機を用いて粉末化し、この粉末100gに、50〜80容量%の含水エタノール1Lを加えて、80〜85℃にて1時間加熱還流抽出する。抽出後、遠心分離、ろ過などの分離操作を行い、不溶成分を除去して、抽出液を得る。抽出残渣に対して、さらに上記抽出操作および分離操作を1回以上繰り返す再抽出工程を行うことが、松樹皮中の含水エタノール可溶成分を正確に測定する観点から好ましい。得られた抽出液を凍結乾燥又は減圧濃縮乾固して、乾燥物とし、乾燥物の質量を測定する。そして、抽出前の松樹皮の乾燥質量に対する上記乾燥物の質量の割合を算出して、含水エタノール可溶成分の含有量が求められる。
(抽出工程)
本発明の方法は、まず、上記含水エタノール可溶成分を7質量%以上含有する松樹皮を水および有機溶媒のうちの少なくとも1種で抽出して松樹皮抽出物を得る。
上記抽出は、必要に応じて所定温度で保持することによって行われる。抽出効率の点から、松樹皮の体積当たりの表面積を大きくすることが好ましく、特に破砕物が好適に用いられる。松樹皮の破砕処理は、特に制限されず、例えば、上述の松樹皮中の含水エタノール可溶成分の含有量を測定する際に採用した破砕機を用いることができる。破砕効率を上げるために、松樹皮に、水、あるいはエタノール、メタノール、酢酸エチルなどの有機溶媒を加えて破砕してもよい。破砕物の大きさは、好ましくは0.1〜10mm、より好ましくは0.1〜5mmの細片である。
抽出においては、上述のように、水および有機溶媒のうちの少なくとも1種、すなわち水、有機溶媒、または水と有機溶媒との混合溶媒(以下、これらをまとめて抽出溶媒という)が用いられる。抽出効率を高める点から、抽出温度は高い方が好ましい。例えば、水を用いる場合、50〜120℃、好ましくは70〜100℃で熱水抽出することが好ましい。松樹皮に熱水を加えてもよく、松樹皮に水を加えた後、加熱してもよい。抽出時間は、抽出温度により適宜決定され得る。一般的には10分〜24時間である。
有機溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、1−プロパノール、2−プロパノール、1−ブタノール、2−ブタノール、アセトン、プロピレングリコール、含水エタノール、含水プロピレングリコール、メチルエチルケトン、グリセリン、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン、および1,1,2−トリクロロエテンが挙げられる。これらの有機溶媒は単独で用いてもよいし、組合わせて用いてもよい。製造時の廃液処理の観点、あるいは後述する合成樹脂系吸着剤による処理を行う観点からは、水、エタノール、または水とエタノールとの混合溶媒(含水エタノール)が好適に用いられる。水よりも沸点の低いエタノールなどの有機溶媒、あるいはこれらの有機溶媒と水との混合溶媒は、得られる松樹皮抽出物をさらに濃縮する際に濃縮を比較的低温かつ短時間で行うことができる。
最終的に得られるプロアントシアニジン含有物を食品、医薬品などとして用いる場合の安全性を考慮すると、水、エタノールまたは含水エタノールが特に好適である。
抽出溶媒の量は、目的とするプロアントシアニジン濃度および抽出効率を考慮して設定し得る。例えば、水、エタノール、または含水エタノールを抽出溶媒として使用する場合、松樹皮の乾燥質量1質量部に対して、抽出溶媒が好ましくは3〜100質量部、より好ましくは10〜50質量部、あるいは好ましくは3〜100容量部、より好ましくは10〜100容量部となるように設定される。なお、水および/または有機溶媒を添加して破砕した場合は、破砕に使用した溶媒量を考慮し、添加する抽出溶媒の量を調整すればよい。
有機溶媒を用いる抽出方法としては、加温抽出法あるいは超臨界流体抽出法が好適である。
加温抽出法としては、松樹皮に加温した溶媒を加える方法、または松樹皮に溶媒を添加して加温する方法が用いられる。例えば、松樹皮の破砕物に対して、抽出溶媒として、水とエタノールとの比が、質量比で1:1〜1:9である水−エタノール混合溶媒(含水エタノール)を、松樹皮の1倍〜20倍量使用して、70〜85℃で還流させながら、0.5時間〜6時間攪拌する方法が挙げられる。還流しない場合は、例えば、一度上記混合溶媒を用いて、加温抽出し、濾過などにより上清を回収し、残渣について、再度上記混合溶媒を加えて加温することによっても、抽出効率を上げることが可能である。
超臨界流体抽出法は、物質の気液の臨界点(臨界温度、臨界圧力)を超えた状態の流体である超臨界流体を用いて目的成分を抽出する方法である。超臨界流体としては、二酸化炭素、エチレン、プロパン、亜酸化窒素(笑気ガス)などが用いられ、二酸化炭素が好ましく用いられる。
超臨界流体抽出法は、目的成分を超臨界流体によって抽出する抽出工程および目的成分と超臨界流体とを分離する分離工程からなる。分離工程では、圧力変化による抽出分離、温度変化による抽出分離、または吸着剤・吸収剤を用いた抽出分離のいずれを行ってもよい。
また、エントレーナー添加法による超臨界流体抽出を行ってもよい。この方法は、超臨界流体に、例えば、エタノール、プロパノール、n−ヘキサン、アセトン、トルエン、その他の脂肪族低級アルコール類、脂肪族炭化水素類、芳香族炭化水素類、またはケトン類を2〜20W/V%程度添加し、得られた抽出流体で超臨界流体抽出を行うことによって、OPC、カテキン類(後述)などの目的とする被抽出物の抽出流体に対する溶解度を飛躍的に上昇させる、あるいは分離の選択性を増強させる方法であり、プロアントシアニジンを効率的に抽出する方法である。
抽出には、例えば、回分式、半連続式、または連続式などのいずれの抽出装置を用いてもよい。
上記抽出処理によって得られた抽出物は、必要に応じて、遠心分離や濾過などを行い、固形分あるいは抽出溶媒に不要な成分を除去しておいてもよい。濾過については、濾過の処理を短時間で行うために、ろ過助剤、例えば珪藻土を抽出物に添加してから濾過することが好ましく、この場合、添加するろ過助剤の量は、特に制限はなく、例えば、抽出物中の珪藻土の量として、0.001g/mL〜0.1g/mL程度となるようにして添加される。
このように前処理することによって得られる松樹皮抽出物は、次いで、合成樹脂系吸着剤処理に供される。本発明においては、合成樹脂系吸着剤で処理する工程の前に、松樹皮抽出物を予め濃縮処理しておいても良い。濃縮処理は、松樹皮抽出物に含有される有機溶媒を除去することができるため、有機溶媒によって、合成樹脂系吸着剤処理が阻害される可能性がある場合には、特に好適に用いられる。濃縮処理する場合、予め松樹皮抽出物中の不溶物を濾過などにより除去することが好ましい。これにより、濃縮を均一に行うことができ、濃縮物の濃縮率の調整が容易になる。
濃縮方法としては、加熱濃縮、減圧濃縮、凍結乾燥、限外濾過膜による濃縮、透析膜による濃縮などの当業者が通常用いる方法が挙げられる。プロアントシアニジンおよびOPCの熱変性が少ない点から、好ましくは減圧濃縮、凍結乾燥、および限外濾過膜による濃縮であり、より好ましくは、減圧濃縮である。これらの濃縮方法は、単独で行ってもよいし、複数を組み合わせて行ってもよい。
加熱濃縮を行う場合は、加熱によるプロアントシアニジンおよびOPCの熱変性を防ぐために、通常、40℃〜100℃の温度で行われる。また、減圧濃縮においても、より短時間に濃縮を行うために、上記温度範囲において、加熱しながら減圧濃縮を行っても良い。
得られた濃縮物の濃縮率に特に制限はない。濃縮物の体積が、濃縮前の抽出物等の体積に比べて、好ましくは1/2〜1/100容量、より好ましくは1/5〜1/70容量、さらに好ましくは1/10〜1/50容量となるように濃縮が行われる。特に、松樹皮抽出物中の有機溶媒(例えばエタノール)濃度を10容量%未満となるまで濃縮することが、プロアントシアニジンが高い収量で得られる点で好ましい。
(合成樹脂系吸着剤処理工程)
上記前処理工程で得られた松樹皮抽出物は、さらに合成樹脂系吸着剤で処理することにより、糖類、有機酸などの夾雑物が除去される。具体的には、松樹皮抽出物と合成樹脂系吸着剤とを接触させて、プロアントシアニジンを合成樹脂系吸着剤に吸着させた後、必要に応じて水で洗浄し、そして所定の溶媒で溶出させ、溶出液を回収することにより行われる。なお、松樹皮抽出物中の不溶物を予め除去することが、効率的な合成樹脂系吸着剤処理を行う点から好ましい。
上記処理に用いられる合成樹脂系吸着剤としては、有機系樹脂、イオン交換樹脂、シリカゲル、逆相シリカゲルなどが挙げられる。合成樹脂系吸着剤は、単独で用いてもよいし、処理方法に応じて2以上の吸着剤を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
有機系樹脂としては、例えば、芳香族系樹脂、(メタ)アクリル酸系樹脂、(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂、アクリロニトリル脂肪族系樹脂などが挙げられる。好ましくは、芳香族系樹脂、(メタ)アクリル酸系樹脂、および(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂である。
芳香族系樹脂としては、例えば、スチレンとジビニルベンゼンとの共重合体からなる樹脂が挙げられる。具体的には、このようなスチレンとジビニルベンゼンとの共重合体からなる樹脂としては、ダイアイオン(登録商標)HP20、HP21、HP30、HP40、HP50、セパビーズ(登録商標)SP800、SP825、SP850、SP875、SP70、SP700(以上、三菱化学株式会社製)、アンバーライト(登録商標)XAD−4、XAD−16HP、XAD−1180、XAD−2000(以上、株式会社オルガノ製)等が挙げられる。
(メタ)アクリル酸系樹脂としては、例えば、アクリル酸の重合体からなる樹脂、メタクリル酸の重合体からなる樹脂などが挙げられる。
(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂としては、例えば、アクリル酸エステルの重合体からなる樹脂、メタクリル酸エステルの重合体からなる樹脂などが挙げられる。アクリル酸エステルの重合体からなる樹脂としては、具体的には、アンバーライト(登録商標)XAD−7HP等が挙げられる。メタクリル酸エステルの重合体からなる樹脂としては、具体的には、ダイアイオン(登録商標)HP−2MG(三菱化学株式会社製)などが挙げられる。
これらの吸着剤の中でも、特にスチレンとジビニルベンゼンとの共重合体からなる樹脂が好ましく、ダイアイオン(登録商標)HP20、XAD−1180、XAD−2000がさらに好ましい。スチレンとジビニルベンゼンとの共重合体からなる樹脂で処理する場合、予め松樹皮抽出物中の有機溶媒の濃度が10質量%未満となるように濃縮しておくことが好ましい。このような濃縮物を上記共重合体で処理することによって、プロアントシアニジンが高い収率で得られる。
合成樹脂系吸着剤の量は、溶媒の種類、合成樹脂系吸着剤の種類等によって適宜設定すればよい。例えば、松樹皮抽出物の乾燥質量に対して、0.01〜50倍質量、好ましくは0.1〜20倍質量の合成樹脂系吸着剤を使用することが好ましい。合成樹脂系吸着剤の量が、松樹皮抽出物の乾燥質量に対して0.01倍質量より少ないと、プロアントシアニジンの回収率が下がる場合があり、好ましくない。
合成樹脂系吸着剤の中でも、プロアントシアニジンの吸着効率が高い合成樹脂系吸着剤、例えば、ダイアイオン(登録商標)、アンバーライト(登録商標)などを用いる場合は、吸着効率がよい点から、上記の松樹皮抽出物の乾燥質量を基準とすることなく、原料の松樹皮の乾燥質量を基準に簡便に量を設定することができる。具体的には、松樹皮の乾燥質量1gあたりの合成樹脂系吸着剤が、水などの溶媒に膨潤させた場合の見かけの膨潤体積量で0.1mL〜5mL、好ましくは0.5〜3mLとなるように設定する。この場合においても、松樹皮抽出物と合成樹脂系吸着剤との接触は十分であり、効率的な吸着が可能である。
松樹皮抽出物と合成樹脂系吸着剤との接触は、いかなる方法で行ってもよい。例えば、簡易な方法としては、合成樹脂系吸着剤をカラムに充填し、松樹皮抽出物を通過させるカラム法、合成樹脂系吸着剤を松樹皮抽出物に加え、一定時間後、合成樹脂系吸着剤を除去するバッチ法などが挙げられる。
カラム法を用いて処理するには、例えば、まず、合成樹脂系吸着剤をカラムに充填し、そのカラムに松樹皮抽出物を通液する。次いで合成樹脂系吸着剤の体積に対して、必要に応じて、0.5〜10倍の体積の水を通液させる。これにより、不純物である糖類および有機酸が除去される。その後、溶媒によりプロアントシアニジンを溶出して、合成樹脂系吸着剤より溶出した液を回収することでOPCをより多く含むプロアントシアニジン含有物を得ることができる。
溶出溶媒としては、水、メタノール、エタノール、酢酸エチル、およびこれらの混合溶媒が挙げられる。安全性の面から好ましくは水とアルコール(メタノール、エタノールなど)との混合溶媒、より好ましくは水とエタノールとの混合溶媒が用いられる。
上記溶出溶媒として、水とアルコールとの混合溶媒を用いる場合、水とエタノールとの混合比は、用いる合成樹脂系吸着剤に応じて適宜設定され得る。例えば、スチレンとジビニルベンゼンの共重合体を合成樹脂系吸着剤として用いる場合、好ましくは5〜30容量%、より好ましくは10〜30容量%、さらに好ましくは15〜30容量%、最も好ましくは20〜30容量%のアルコール(特にエタノール)を含有する水溶液が用いられる。このように設定することによって、好ましくは、松樹皮の乾燥質量の0.01質量%以上、好ましくは0.05質量%以上、より好ましくは0.1質量%以上の収率でプロアントシアニジン含有物を得ることが可能となる。なお、アルコール濃度が低い場合、例えば、5質量%未満の場合、得られるプロアントシアニジン含有物中のOPCの含有量は高くなるが、カラムから吸着物を十分回収できなくなるため、プロアントシアニジン含有物の収率が低くなる場合がある。アルコール濃度が高い場合、例えば、30容量%を超える場合、プロアントシアニジン含有物の収率は高くなるが、該含有物中のOPC含有量は低くなる場合がある。
バッチ法を用いて処理するには、上記カラム法と同様の質量比の合成樹脂系吸着剤を松樹皮抽出物に加え、攪拌しながら1〜3時間接触させた後に、濾過または遠心分離により吸着剤を回収する。プロアントシアニジンが吸着された合成樹脂系吸着剤を、さらに上記カラム法の場合と同様な組成の溶媒に加えて1時間〜3時間攪拌し、プロアントシアニジンを溶出させ、次いで濾過または遠心分離して上清を回収することにより、OPCをより多く含むプロアントシアニジン含有物を得ることができる。
このように、出発原料を特定し、抽出後、合成樹脂系吸着剤で処理することのみでOPCを10質量%以上含有するプロアントシアニジン含有物が得られる。
(プロアントシアニジン含有物)
このようにして得られたプロアントシアニジン含有物は、プロアントシアニジンを高い割合で含有し、特にOPCを10質量%以上含有する。ここで、プロアントシアニジン含有物には、その後、当業者が通常用いる方法によって得られる濃縮物、希釈物、粉末なども含まれる。
プロアントシアニジンは、生理活性の点から重合度が低いプロアントシアニジンが好ましく、重合度の低い縮重合体としては、重合度が2〜30の縮重合体(2〜30量体)が好ましく、重合度が2〜10の縮重合体(2〜10量体)がより好ましく、重合度が2〜4の縮重合体(2〜4量体)がさらに好ましい。本発明の製造方法によって得られるプロアントシアニジン含有物は、特にこの2〜4量体(オリゴメリック・プロアントシアニジン;OPC)を乾燥質量換算で10質量%以上、より好ましくは20質量%以上、さらに好ましくは30質量%以上、さらに好ましくは35質量%以上、最も好ましくは40質量%以上含有する。
本発明で得られるプロアントシアニジン含有物は、さらに、乾燥質量換算でカテキン類を好ましくは1〜15質量%含有し得る。
カテキン類は、ポリヒドロキシフラバン−3−オールの総称である。カテキン類としては、(+)−カテキン、(−)−エピカテキン、(+)−ガロカテキン、(−)−エピガロカテキン、エピガロカテキンガレート、エピカテキンガレートなどが挙げられる。
本発明のプロアントシアニジン含有物は、さらに濃縮して種々の用途に利用することもできる。濃縮には、膜濃縮、加熱濃縮、真空(減圧)濃縮、凍結濃縮などの種々の方法が用いられる。
さらに必要に応じて、これらのプロアントシアニジン含有物を殺菌処理して保存する。殺菌は、高圧殺菌、加熱殺菌、濾過殺菌、マイクロウェーブ殺菌などの当業者が通常用いる方法により行われる。
また、これらのプロアントシアニジン含有物は、殺菌後、さらに濃縮、乾燥、および粉末化してもよい。乾燥は、当業者が通常用いる方法によって行われる。中でも、凍結乾燥、真空乾燥、噴霧乾燥、ドラム式乾燥、棚式乾燥、およびマイクロウェーブによる乾燥が好ましく用いられる。
得られたプロアントシアニジン含有物は、例えば、ドリンク剤およびゲル化した飲食物などとして利用できる。さらに、プロアントシアニジン含有物は、そのまま飲食に供するだけでなく、賦形剤、増量剤、結合剤、増粘剤、乳化剤、香料、食品添加物、調味料などと混合し、用途に応じて、顆粒、錠剤などの形態に成形することもできる。例えば、ローヤルゼリー、ビタミン類、プロテイン、カルシウム、キトサン、レシチン、カフェインなどと混合し、さらに糖液および調味料により味が整えられる。さらにこれらは、ハードカプセルおよびソフトカプセルなどのカプセル剤、丸剤、またはティーバッグ状などにされる。これらは、これらの形状または好みに応じて、そのまま食してもよく、あるいは水、湯、牛乳などに溶いて飲んでもよい。またティーバッグ状などの場合、成分を浸出させてから飲んでもよい。
上述のように、本発明により得られたプロアントシアニジン含有物は、食品、化粧品、および医薬品の原料として広く使用することができる。In the method for producing a proanthocyanidin-containing product of the present invention, when 1 part by weight of pine bark is added with 10 parts by volume of 50-80% by volume ethanol aqueous solution and extracted at 80-85 ° C. for 1 hour, the dry mass A process of extracting pine bark with at least one of water and an organic solvent (hereinafter referred to as an extraction process) using pine bark from which 7% by mass or more of solid matter is obtained as a starting material, and the extract It includes a step of treating with a synthetic resin adsorbent (hereinafter referred to as a synthetic resin adsorbent treatment step). In this specification, first, after explaining the pine bark used in the present invention, the extraction step and the synthetic resin-based adsorbent treatment step will be described. And the proanthocyanidin containing material obtained is demonstrated.
(Pine bark used in the present invention)
When pine bark used in the present invention is extracted at 80 to 85 ° C. for 1 hour by adding 10 parts by volume of 50 to 80% by volume of ethanol aqueous solution to 1 part by weight of pine bark, 7 parts by weight in terms of dry weight. % Or more, preferably 13% by mass or more, more preferably 13% by mass to 30% by mass of solid (hereinafter referred to as a water-containing ethanol-soluble component). By using a pine bark containing 7% by mass or more of a hydrous ethanol-soluble component, it becomes possible to efficiently obtain a proanthocyanidin-containing product containing 10% by mass or more of OPC by a single column method. When an aqueous solution having an ethanol content outside the range of 50 to 80% by volume is used, a desired proanthocyanidin-containing product containing 10% by mass or more of OPC cannot be obtained even if the soluble component is 7% by mass or more. One feature of the present invention is that a proanthocyanidin-containing product containing 10% by mass or more of OPC can be easily obtained by pre-selecting pine bark using the above extraction conditions.
The content of the water-containing ethanol-soluble component in the pine bark can be measured, for example, as follows. First, pine bark having a dry mass of 100 g is pulverized using, for example, a cutter, a slicer, a mill, or a crusher such as a mixer, a juicer, a blender, a mass collider, and the 100 g of the powder contains 50 to 80% by volume of water. 1 L of ethanol is added, and the mixture is refluxed for 1 hour at 80 to 85 ° C. After extraction, separation operations such as centrifugation and filtration are performed to remove insoluble components, and an extract is obtained. From the viewpoint of accurately measuring the water-soluble ethanol-soluble component in the pine bark, it is preferable to perform a re-extraction step in which the extraction operation and the separation operation are repeated once or more for the extraction residue. The obtained extract is freeze-dried or concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain a dried product, and the mass of the dried product is measured. And the ratio of the mass of the said dried material with respect to the dry mass of the pine bark before extraction is calculated, and content of a hydrous ethanol soluble component is calculated | required.
(Extraction process)
In the method of the present invention, a pine bark extract is first obtained by extracting pine bark containing 7% by mass or more of the above water-containing ethanol-soluble component with at least one of water and an organic solvent.
The extraction is performed by holding at a predetermined temperature as necessary. From the viewpoint of extraction efficiency, it is preferable to increase the surface area per volume of the pine bark, and crushed materials are particularly preferably used. The crushing treatment of pine bark is not particularly limited, and for example, a crusher employed when measuring the content of the water-soluble ethanol-soluble component in the pine bark described above can be used. In order to increase the crushing efficiency, the pine bark may be crushed by adding water or an organic solvent such as ethanol, methanol, or ethyl acetate. The size of the crushed material is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 5 mm.
In the extraction, as described above, at least one of water and an organic solvent, that is, water, an organic solvent, or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent (hereinafter collectively referred to as an extraction solvent) is used. From the viewpoint of increasing the extraction efficiency, a higher extraction temperature is preferable. For example, when water is used, hot water extraction is preferably performed at 50 to 120 ° C, preferably 70 to 100 ° C. Hot water may be added to the pine bark, and water may be added to the pine bark and then heated. The extraction time can be appropriately determined depending on the extraction temperature. Generally, it is 10 minutes to 24 hours.
Examples of the organic solvent include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, acetone, propylene glycol, hydrous ethanol, hydrous propylene glycol, methyl ethyl ketone, glycerin, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1 1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethene. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination. From the viewpoint of waste liquid treatment during production, or from the viewpoint of treatment with a synthetic resin adsorbent described later, water, ethanol, or a mixed solvent of water and ethanol (hydrous ethanol) is preferably used. Organic solvents such as ethanol having a lower boiling point than water, or mixed solvents of these organic solvents and water can be concentrated at a relatively low temperature and in a short time when the resulting pine bark extract is further concentrated. .
In view of safety when the finally obtained proanthocyanidin-containing product is used as food, medicine, etc., water, ethanol or hydrous ethanol is particularly suitable.
The amount of the extraction solvent can be set in consideration of the target proanthocyanidin concentration and extraction efficiency. For example, when water, ethanol, or hydrous ethanol is used as an extraction solvent, the extraction solvent is preferably 3 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass, or more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of pine bark dry mass. It is preferably set to 3 to 100 parts by volume, more preferably 10 to 100 parts by volume. In addition, when adding water and / or an organic solvent and crushing, the amount of the extraction solvent to be added may be adjusted in consideration of the amount of solvent used for crushing.
As an extraction method using an organic solvent, a warm extraction method or a supercritical fluid extraction method is suitable.
As the warming extraction method, a method of adding a heated solvent to pine bark, or a method of adding a solvent to pine bark and heating is used. For example, a water-ethanol mixed solvent (hydrous ethanol) having a mass ratio of water to ethanol of 1: 1 to 1: 9 is used as an extraction solvent for crushed pine bark. A method of stirring for 0.5 to 6 hours while refluxing at 70 to 85 ° C. using double to 20 times amount is mentioned. In the case of not refluxing, for example, extraction with warming is performed once using the above mixed solvent, and the supernatant is recovered by filtration or the like, and the residue is heated again by adding the above mixed solvent to increase the extraction efficiency. It is possible.
The supercritical fluid extraction method is a method in which a target component is extracted using a supercritical fluid that is a fluid that exceeds a critical point (critical temperature, critical pressure) of a gas-liquid substance. As the supercritical fluid, carbon dioxide, ethylene, propane, nitrous oxide (laughing gas) or the like is used, and carbon dioxide is preferably used.
The supercritical fluid extraction method includes an extraction step of extracting a target component with a supercritical fluid and a separation step of separating the target component and the supercritical fluid. In the separation step, any one of extraction separation by pressure change, extraction separation by temperature change, or extraction separation using an adsorbent / absorbent may be performed.
Moreover, you may perform supercritical fluid extraction by the entrainer addition method. In this method, 2 to 20 W of ethanol, propanol, n-hexane, acetone, toluene, other aliphatic lower alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, or ketones are added to the supercritical fluid. / V%, and by performing supercritical fluid extraction with the obtained extraction fluid, the solubility of the target extract such as OPC and catechins (described later) in the extraction fluid is dramatically increased, or This is a method for enhancing the selectivity of separation, and a method for efficiently extracting proanthocyanidins.
For the extraction, for example, any extraction device such as a batch type, a semi-continuous type, or a continuous type may be used.
The extract obtained by the above extraction treatment may be subjected to centrifugation, filtration or the like, if necessary, to remove unnecessary components from the solid content or the extraction solvent. Regarding filtration, in order to perform the filtration process in a short time, it is preferable to filter after adding a filter aid, for example, diatomaceous earth, in this case, the amount of the filter aid to be added is not particularly limited. For example, the amount of diatomaceous earth in the extract is added so as to be about 0.001 g / mL to 0.1 g / mL.
The pine bark extract obtained by such pretreatment is then subjected to a synthetic resin adsorbent treatment. In the present invention, the pine bark extract may be preliminarily concentrated before the step of treating with the synthetic resin adsorbent. Since the organic solvent contained in the pine bark extract can be removed, the concentration treatment is particularly preferably used when there is a possibility that the synthetic resin-based adsorbent treatment may be inhibited by the organic solvent. When the concentration treatment is performed, it is preferable to remove insoluble matters in the pine bark extract in advance by filtration or the like. Thereby, concentration can be performed uniformly and adjustment of the concentration rate of a concentrate becomes easy.
Examples of the concentration method include methods usually used by those skilled in the art such as heat concentration, concentration under reduced pressure, freeze-drying, concentration using an ultrafiltration membrane, and concentration using a dialysis membrane. From the viewpoint of low thermal denaturation of proanthocyanidins and OPC, concentration under reduced pressure, lyophilization, and concentration with an ultrafiltration membrane are preferable, and concentration under reduced pressure is more preferable. These concentration methods may be performed alone or in combination.
When heat concentration is performed, in order to prevent heat denaturation of proanthocyanidins and OPC by heating, it is generally performed at a temperature of 40 ° C to 100 ° C. Also, in the vacuum concentration, in order to perform the concentration in a shorter time, the vacuum concentration may be performed while heating in the above temperature range.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the concentration rate of the obtained concentrate. The volume of the concentrate is preferably 1/2 to 1/100 volume, more preferably 1/5 to 1/70 volume, and even more preferably 1/10 to 1/1 / volume compared to the volume of the extract before concentration. Concentration is performed to 50 volumes. In particular, it is preferable to concentrate the organic solvent (for example, ethanol) concentration in the pine bark extract until it is less than 10% by volume because proanthocyanidins can be obtained in a high yield.
(Synthetic resin adsorbent treatment process)
The pine bark extract obtained in the pretreatment step is further treated with a synthetic resin adsorbent to remove impurities such as sugars and organic acids. Specifically, the pine bark extract and the synthetic resin-based adsorbent are brought into contact with each other to adsorb the proanthocyanidins to the synthetic resin-based adsorbent, then washed with water as necessary, and eluted with a predetermined solvent. And collecting the eluate. In addition, it is preferable to remove insoluble matters in the pine bark extract in advance from the viewpoint of efficient synthetic resin-based adsorbent treatment.
Examples of the synthetic resin-based adsorbent used for the treatment include organic resins, ion exchange resins, silica gel, reverse phase silica gel, and the like. The synthetic resin-based adsorbent may be used alone or in combination of two or more adsorbents depending on the treatment method.
Examples of organic resins include aromatic resins, (meth) acrylic acid resins, (meth) acrylate resins, acrylonitrile aliphatic resins, and the like. Aromatic resins, (meth) acrylic acid resins, and (meth) acrylate resins are preferable.
Examples of the aromatic resin include a resin made of a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene. Specifically, as a resin comprising such a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene, Diaion (registered trademark) HP20, HP21, HP30, HP40, HP50, Sepabeads (registered trademark) SP800, SP825, SP850, SP875, SP70, SP700 (above, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), Amberlite (registered trademark) XAD-4, XAD-16HP, XAD-1180, XAD-2000 (above, manufactured by Organo Corporation), and the like.
Examples of the (meth) acrylic resin include a resin made of an acrylic acid polymer and a resin made of a methacrylic acid polymer.
Examples of the (meth) acrylate resin include a resin made of an acrylic ester polymer and a resin made of a methacrylic ester polymer. Specific examples of the resin made of an acrylic ester polymer include Amberlite (registered trademark) XAD-7HP. Specific examples of the resin made of a polymer of methacrylic acid ester include Diaion (registered trademark) HP-2MG (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation).
Among these adsorbents, a resin made of a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene is particularly preferable, and Diaion (registered trademark) HP20, XAD-1180, and XAD-2000 are more preferable. In the case of treatment with a resin comprising a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene, it is preferable to concentrate in advance so that the concentration of the organic solvent in the pine bark extract is less than 10% by mass. By treating such a concentrate with the above copolymer, proanthocyanidins can be obtained in high yield.
What is necessary is just to set the quantity of a synthetic resin type adsorbent suitably according to the kind of solvent, the kind of synthetic resin type adsorbent, etc. For example, it is preferable to use a synthetic resin-based adsorbent having a mass of 0.01 to 50 times, preferably 0.1 to 20 times, the dry mass of the pine bark extract. When the amount of the synthetic resin-based adsorbent is less than 0.01 times the dry mass of the pine bark extract, the recovery rate of proanthocyanidins may decrease, which is not preferable.
Among the synthetic resin-based adsorbents, when using a synthetic resin-based adsorbent having high adsorption efficiency of proanthocyanidins, such as Diaion (registered trademark), Amberlite (registered trademark), etc. The amount can be easily set based on the dry mass of the raw pine bark without using the dry mass of the pine bark extract as a standard. Specifically, the synthetic resin-based adsorbent per gram dry weight of pine bark is 0.1 mL to 5 mL, preferably 0.5 to 3 mL in terms of apparent swelling volume when swollen in a solvent such as water. Set as follows. Even in this case, the contact between the pine bark extract and the synthetic resin-based adsorbent is sufficient, and efficient adsorption is possible.
The contact between the pine bark extract and the synthetic resin-based adsorbent may be performed by any method. For example, as a simple method, a synthetic resin-based adsorbent is packed into a column and the pine bark extract is passed through the column method. A synthetic resin-based adsorbent is added to the pine bark extract, and after a certain time, the synthetic resin-based adsorption The batch method etc. which remove an agent are mentioned.
In order to perform the treatment using the column method, for example, first, a synthetic resin-based adsorbent is filled in a column, and a pine bark extract is passed through the column. Next, if necessary, 0.5 to 10 times the volume of water is passed through the volume of the synthetic resin adsorbent. Thereby, the saccharide | sugar and organic acid which are impurities are removed. Then, proanthocyanidins containing more OPC can be obtained by eluting proanthocyanidins with a solvent and collecting the liquid eluted from the synthetic resin adsorbent.
Examples of the elution solvent include water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and a mixed solvent thereof. From the viewpoint of safety, a mixed solvent of water and alcohol (methanol, ethanol, etc.) is preferably used, and a mixed solvent of water and ethanol is more preferably used.
When a mixed solvent of water and alcohol is used as the elution solvent, the mixing ratio of water and ethanol can be appropriately set depending on the synthetic resin-based adsorbent used. For example, when a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene is used as a synthetic resin adsorbent, it is preferably 5 to 30% by volume, more preferably 10 to 30% by volume, still more preferably 15 to 30% by volume, most preferably 20 An aqueous solution containing ~ 30% by volume alcohol (especially ethanol) is used. By setting in this manner, the proanthocyanidin-containing product is preferably obtained in a yield of 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more of the dry mass of pine bark. Can be obtained. When the alcohol concentration is low, for example, less than 5% by mass, the content of OPC in the obtained proanthocyanidin-containing product is high, but the adsorbate cannot be sufficiently recovered from the column. The yield may be low. When the alcohol concentration is high, for example, when it exceeds 30% by volume, the yield of the proanthocyanidin-containing material is high, but the OPC content in the content may be low.
To process using the batch method, a synthetic resin-based adsorbent having the same mass ratio as the column method is added to the pine bark extract and allowed to contact for 1 to 3 hours with stirring, followed by adsorption by filtration or centrifugation. Collect the agent. The synthetic resin-based adsorbent adsorbed with proanthocyanidins is further added to a solvent having the same composition as in the above column method, and stirred for 1 to 3 hours to elute proanthocyanidins, and then filtered or centrifuged. A proanthocyanidin-containing material containing more OPC can be obtained by collecting the liquid.
In this way, a proanthocyanidin-containing material containing 10% by mass or more of OPC can be obtained only by specifying the starting material, extracting and treating with a synthetic resin adsorbent.
(Proanthocyanidin-containing material)
The proanthocyanidin-containing product thus obtained contains a high proportion of proanthocyanidins, and particularly contains 10% by mass or more of OPC. Here, the proanthocyanidin-containing materials include concentrates, dilutions, powders, and the like obtained by methods usually used by those skilled in the art.
Proanthocyanidins are preferably proanthocyanidins having a low degree of polymerization from the viewpoint of physiological activity, and the condensation polymer having a low degree of polymerization is preferably a condensation polymer having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 30 (2 to 30-mer). Is more preferably a 2 to 10 condensation polymer (2 to 10 mer), and further preferably a condensation polymer having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 4 (2 to 4 mer). The proanthocyanidin-containing product obtained by the production method of the present invention is particularly preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more in terms of dry mass of this dimer to tetramer (oligomeric proanthocyanidin; OPC). Is 30% by mass or more, more preferably 35% by mass or more, and most preferably 40% by mass or more.
The proanthocyanidin-containing product obtained in the present invention may further contain 1 to 15% by mass of catechins in terms of dry mass.
Catechin is a general term for polyhydroxyflavan-3-ol. Examples of catechins include (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, (+)-gallocatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate and the like.
The proanthocyanidin-containing product of the present invention can be further concentrated and used for various applications. For the concentration, various methods such as membrane concentration, heat concentration, vacuum (reduced pressure) concentration, freeze concentration and the like are used.
Further, if necessary, these proanthocyanidin-containing materials are sterilized and stored. Sterilization is performed by methods commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as high-pressure sterilization, heat sterilization, filtration sterilization, and microwave sterilization.
These proanthocyanidin-containing materials may be further concentrated, dried, and powdered after sterilization. Drying is performed by a method commonly used by those skilled in the art. Of these, freeze drying, vacuum drying, spray drying, drum drying, shelf drying, and microwave drying are preferably used.
The obtained proanthocyanidin-containing product can be used as, for example, a drink and a gelled food or drink. Furthermore, the proanthocyanidin-containing product is not only used for food and drink as it is, but also mixed with excipients, extenders, binders, thickeners, emulsifiers, fragrances, food additives, seasonings, etc. It can also be formed in the form of granules, tablets and the like. For example, it is mixed with royal jelly, vitamins, protein, calcium, chitosan, lecithin, caffeine, etc., and the taste is adjusted with a sugar solution and a seasoning. Furthermore, these are made into capsules such as hard capsules and soft capsules, pills, or tea bags. These may be eaten as they are, depending on their shape or preference, or may be taken by dissolving in water, hot water, milk or the like. Moreover, in the case of a tea bag shape etc., you may drink after leaching a component.
As described above, the proanthocyanidin-containing product obtained by the present invention can be widely used as a raw material for foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
以下、実施例に基づいて本発明を説明するが、この実施例は本発明を制限するものではない。実施例に示す単位(V/V)は(容量/容量)を、(W/W)は(質量/質量)を、(W/V)は(質量/容量)を示す。
(参考例:松樹皮の準備)
6種類の松樹皮を用意し、これらを各々松樹皮A、松樹皮B、松樹皮C、松樹皮D、松樹皮E、および松樹皮Fとした。まず、2kgの乾燥した松樹皮Aをミルで1〜5mmの大きさに粉砕して粉砕物とし、この粉砕物から10gを分取してサンプルとした。このサンプルに、100mLの80容量(V/V)%のエタノールを含有する水溶液を加えて、80℃にて1時間還流抽出を行った。次いで、濾過し、濾液1を回収した。濾過残渣については、さらに上記と同様にエタノール水溶液を用いて抽出および濾過を行って濾液を得る操作を2回繰り返した(それぞれ濾液2および3という)。得られた濾液1〜3を合わせて抽出液とし、減圧濃縮乾固して乾燥物を得た(以下、含水エタノール可溶成分という)。この乾燥物の質量を測定したところ、1.32gであった。したがって、この松樹皮Aには、含水エタノール可溶成分が13.2質量%含まれることがわかった。
松樹皮Bおよび松樹皮Cについても上記と同様の操作を行い、サンプル10gから得られる含水エタノール(80容量(V/V)%)可溶成分の質量を測定したところ、松樹皮Bについては0.71g、松樹皮Cについては0.53gであった。したがって、松樹皮Bには含水エタノール可溶成分が7.1質量%含まれ、松樹皮Cには含水エタノール可溶成分が5.3質量%含まれることがわかった。
松樹皮Dについては、サンプル10gから得られる含水エタノール(40容量(V/V)%)可溶成分の質量を上記と同様の操作により測定した。その結果、0.70gであった。なお、松樹皮Dの含水エタノール(80容量(V/V)%)可溶成分の質量は0.66gであった。
松樹皮Eついては、サンプル10gから得られる含水エタノール(30容量(V/V)%)可溶成分の質量を上記と同様の操作により測定した。その結果、0.35gであった。なお、松樹皮Eの含水エタノール(80容量(V/V)%)可溶成分の質量は0.47gであった。
松樹皮Fついては、サンプル10gから得られるエタノール(100容量(V/V)%)可溶成分の質量を上記と同様の操作により測定した。その結果、0.72gであった。なお、松樹皮Fの含水エタノール(80容量(V/V)%)可溶成分の質量は0.67gであった。
[実施例1]
上記の松樹皮Aを用いて、以下のようにしてプロアントシアニジン含有物を得た。
1.抽出工程
まず、松樹皮A100gに、水0.5Lを加えて、95℃以上にて1時間還流抽出を行った。次いで、濾過して0.5Lの濾液を回収し(濾液1とする)、さらに、濾過後の不溶物に対して、上記と同様に、水0.5Lを加えて還流抽出を行い、濾過して0.5Lの濾液を得た(濾液2とする)。濾液1と濾液2とを合わせて、1Lの松樹皮抽出液を得た。
2.合成樹脂系吸着剤処理工程
次いで、水で膨潤させたスチレン−ジビニルベンゼンの共重合体からなる樹脂(ダイアイオン(登録商標)HP−20:三菱化学株式会社製)を膨潤体積量で0.5Lとなるように充填したカラムを準備し、このカラムに、上記の抽出液を通液し、抽出液中のプロアントシアニジンをカラムに吸着させた。このカラムを2Lの精製水で洗浄して、カラムに残存する糖類、有機酸などを除去した。次いで、5%(V/V)のエタノールを含有する水溶液1Lを用いて、カラムからプロアントシアニジンを溶出し、1Lのプロアントシアニジン含有液Aを得た。この含有液Aを凍結乾燥して乾燥質量を測定したところ、11mgであった。
3.含有液中の成分の測定
まず、上記項目1の前処理工程および項目2の合成樹脂系吸着剤処理工程を10回繰り返して含有液Aの乾燥粉末約120mgを得た。得られた乾燥粉末100mgを2mLのエタノールに溶解し、試料とした。
次いで、この試料を、セファデックスLH−20(アマシャムバイオテック株式会社製)を用いて、以下のようにして、OPC画分と、5量体以上のプロアントシアニジン画分と、カテキン類画分と、カテキン類以外の成分の画分とに分画して各成分の含有量を測定した。
まず、水で膨潤させたセファデックスLH−20(アマシャムバイオテック株式会社製)25mLを15mm×300mmのカラムに充填し、50mLのエタノールで洗浄した。このカラムに試料を通液して吸着させた後、100〜80%(V/V)エタノール−水混合溶媒でグラジエント溶出し、10mLずつ分取した。分取すると同時に、2〜4量体のOPCの標品(2量体:プロアントシアニジンB−2(Rf値:0.6)、3量体:プロアントシアニジンC−1(Rf値:0.4)、および4量体:シンナムタンニンA2(Rf値:0.2))を指標として、各画分中のOPCの有無をシリカゲル薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)により以下の条件で検出した。
TLC:シリカゲルプレート(Merck & CO.,Inc.製)
展開溶媒:ベンゼン/蟻酸エチル/蟻酸(2/7/1)
検出試薬:硫酸およびアニスアルデヒド硫酸
サンプル量:各10μL
TLCによりOPCが含まれることを確認した溶出画分を合わせて、OPC画分を得た。
次いで、OPCが検出されなくなった時点で、300mLの50%(V/V)水−アセトン混合溶媒を通液し、カラムに吸着した残りの吸着物を溶出させた。
回収した吸着物を含む画分について、カテキン(Rf値:0.8)を指標として、TLCを行い、カテキン類を含む画分と5量体以上のプロアントシアニジン画分とに分離した。TLCの展開条件および検出方法は上記と同様に行った。
カテキン類を含む画分については、さらに、以下のようにしてカテキン類とカテキン類以外の成分とに分離した。まず、カテキン類を含む画分を凍結乾燥し、粉末を得た。この粉末を3mLの水に溶解させ、この溶液を水で膨潤させた20mLのMCIゲル(三菱化学株式会社製)を15×300mmのカラムに充填したカラムに通液して吸着させた。このカラムを水で洗浄した後、10〜100%(V/V)エタノール−水混合溶媒でグラジエント溶出し、7mLずつ分取した。溶出終了後、カテキンを指標として、各画分中のカテキン類をTLCにより検出し、カテキン類画分とカテキン類以外の成分の画分とに分離した。
上記のようにして得たOPC画分、5量体以上のプロアントシアニジン画分、カテキン類画分、およびカテキン類以外の成分の画分をそれぞれ凍結乾燥により粉末化し、乾燥質量を測定した。なお、OPC画分、5量体以上のプロアントシアニジン画分、カテキン類画分、カテキン類以外の成分の画分、およびその他の成分の画分の総和は、プロアントシアニジン含有液Aの乾燥粉末100mgに対して99mg以上であり、ほぼ全量回収されていた。表1に、松樹皮A100gから得られるプロアントシアニジン含有液Aの乾燥質量(固形物質量)、そしてプロアントシアニジン含有液Aの乾燥粉末中に含まれるOPCの含有量、5量体以上のプロアントシアニジンの含有量、全プロアントシアニジン(OPCおよび5量体以上のプロアントシアニジンの合計)の含有量、およびカテキン類の含有量、ならびに全プロアントシアニジン中のOPCの割合を示す。
[実施例2]
合成樹脂系吸着剤処理工程において、5%(V/V)のエタノールを含有する水溶液の代わりに、10%(V/V)のエタノールを含有する水溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、プロアントシアニジン含有液Bを得た。この含有液Bの乾燥質量は55mgであった。実施例1と同様に、100mgの乾燥粉末を確保した後、各成分の含有量を測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。
[実施例3]
合成樹脂系吸着剤処理工程において、5%(V/V)のエタノールを含有する水溶液の代わりに、20%(V/V)のエタノールを含有する水溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、プロアントシアニジン含有液Cを得た。この含有液Cの乾燥質量は131mgであった。実施例1と同様に、各成分の含有量を測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。
[実施例4]
合成樹脂系吸着剤処理工程において、5%(V/V)のエタノールを含有する水溶液の代わりに、30%(V/V)のエタノールを含有する水溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、プロアントシアニジン含有液Dを得た。この含有液Dの乾燥質量は295mgであった。実施例1と同様に、各成分の含有量を測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。
[実施例5]
松樹皮Aの代わりに、松樹皮B(含水エタノール(80容量(V/V)%)可溶成分7.1質量%含有)を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、プロアントシアニジン含有液Eを得た。この含有液Eの乾燥質量は82mgであった。実施例1と同様に、100mgの乾燥粉末を確保した後、各成分の含有量を測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。
(比較例1)
松樹皮Aの代わりに、松樹皮C(含水エタノール(80容量(V/V)%)可溶成分5.3質量%含有)を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、プロアントシアニジン含有液Fを得た。この含有液Fの乾燥質量は64mgであった。実施例1と同様に、100mgの乾燥粉末を確保した後、各成分の含有量を測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。
(比較例2)
松樹皮Aの代わりに、松樹皮D(含水エタノール(40容量(V/V)%)可溶成分7.0質量%含有)を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、プロアントシアニジン含有液Gを得た。この含有液Gの乾燥質量は53mgであった。実施例1と同様に、100mgの乾燥粉末を確保した後、各成分の含有量を測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。
(比較例3)
松樹皮Aの代わりに、松樹皮E(含水エタノール(30容量(V/V)%)可溶成分3.5質量%含有)を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、プロアントシアニジン含有液Hを得た。この含有液Hの乾燥質量は45mgであった。実施例1と同様に、100mgの乾燥粉末を確保した後、各成分の含有量を測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。
(比較例4)
松樹皮Aの代わりに、松樹皮F(エタノール(100容量(V/V)%)可溶成分7.2質量%含有)を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、プロアントシアニジン含有液1を得た。この含有液1の乾燥質量は50mgであった。実施例1と同様に、100mgの乾燥粉末を確保した後、各成分の含有量を測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。
(比較例5)
実施例1と同様にして、松樹皮抽出液を得(これをプロアントシアニジン含有液Jとする)、この松樹皮抽出液中に含まれる各成分の量を実施例1と同様にして測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。
なお、実施例1〜4から、合成樹脂系吸着剤で処理する工程において、溶出溶媒のエタノール濃度が低くなるほど、OPCの含有量が増加し、収率が低くなる傾向にあることがわかる。逆に、エタノール濃度が高くなると松樹皮から得られる収量が増加する傾向にあることもわかる。
他方、比較例1〜4の松樹皮C〜Fを用いて得られたプロアントシアニジン含有液F〜Iまたは比較例5の松樹皮Aを抽出処理のみ行って得られたプロアントシアニジン含有液Jは、OPC含有量が10質量%未満であった。特に松樹皮Dおよび松樹皮Fについては、OPCを抽出することが可能な溶媒である40容量%エタノール水溶液または100容量%エタノールを用いた場合の可溶成分が7質量%以上であるにもかかわらず、OPC含量が10質量%以上のプロアントシアニジン含有物は得られなかった。
[実施例6]
参考例の松樹皮A100gに1Lの精製水を加え、破砕し、100℃で10分間加熱した。次いで、直ちに濾過し、濾過後の不溶物を精製水200mLで洗浄し、濾液と洗浄液とを合わせて1.2Lの抽出液を得た。
次いで、25℃まで放冷し、100gのダイアイオン(登録商標)HP−20を加え、3時間攪拌した後に濾過し、プロアントシアニジンが吸着した固形分を回収した。この固形分を400mLの精製水で洗浄し、200mLの20%(V/V)エタノール水溶液を加え、1時間攪拌した後に濾過し、濾液を回収して、プロアントシアニジン含有液Kを得た。このプロアントシアニジン含有液Kを減圧濃縮乾固して、0.13gの乾燥粉末を得た。この含有液Hの乾燥粉末100mgを用いて、上記実施例1と同様にしてOPCおよびカテキン類の含有量を測定したところ、乾燥質量換算でOPCが41.1質量%およびカテキン類が10.1質量%であった。
[実施例7]
実施例1の合成樹脂系吸着剤(ダイアイオン(登録商標)HP−20)の代わりに、アンバーライト(登録商標)XAD1180を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、プロアントシアニジン含有液Lを得た。このプロアントシアニジン含有液Lを減圧濃縮乾固して、0.07gの乾燥粉末を得た。実施例1と同様に、100mgの乾燥粉末を確保した後、OPCおよびカテキン類の含有量を測定したところ、乾燥質量換算でOPCが38.2質量%およびカテキン類が9.2質量%であった。
[実施例8]
実施例1の合成樹脂系吸着剤(ダイアイオン(登録商標)HP−20)の代わりに、アンバーライト(登録商標)XAD2000を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、プロアントシアニジン含有液Mを得た。このプロアントシアニジン含有液Mを減圧濃縮乾固して、0.13gの乾燥粉末を得た。この含有液Jの乾燥粉末100mgを用いて、上記実施例1と同様にしてOPCおよびカテキン類の含有量を測定したところ、乾燥質量換算でOPCが40.2質量%およびカテキン類が10.2質量%含有であった。EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated based on an Example, this Example does not restrict | limit this invention. In the examples, the unit (V / V) indicates (capacity / capacity), (W / W) indicates (mass / mass), and (W / V) indicates (mass / capacity).
(Reference example: Preparation of pine bark)
Six types of pine bark were prepared, and these were designated as pine bark A, pine bark B, pine bark C, pine bark D, pine bark E, and pine bark F, respectively. First, 2 kg of dried pine bark A was pulverized to a size of 1 to 5 mm with a mill to obtain a pulverized product, and 10 g was separated from this pulverized product to prepare a sample. To this sample, 100 mL of an aqueous solution containing 80 volume (V / V)% ethanol was added, and reflux extraction was performed at 80 ° C. for 1 hour. Subsequently, it filtered and the filtrate 1 was collect | recovered. For the filtration residue, extraction and filtration were further performed using an aqueous ethanol solution in the same manner as described above to obtain a filtrate twice (referred to as filtrates 2 and 3, respectively). The obtained filtrates 1 to 3 were combined to make an extract, and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain a dried product (hereinafter referred to as a hydrous ethanol-soluble component). When the mass of this dried product was measured, it was 1.32 g. Therefore, it was found that this pine bark A contains 13.2% by mass of a water-containing ethanol-soluble component.
For pine bark B and pine bark C, the same operation as described above was performed, and the mass of water-soluble ethanol (80 vol (V / V)%) soluble component obtained from 10 g of the sample was measured. It was 0.53 g for .71 g and pine bark C. Therefore, it was found that pine bark B contained 7.1% by mass of a water-containing ethanol-soluble component, and pine bark C contained 5.3% by mass of a water-containing ethanol-soluble component.
For pine bark D, the mass of the water-soluble ethanol (40 vol (V / V)%) soluble component obtained from 10 g of the sample was measured in the same manner as described above. As a result, it was 0.70 g. In addition, the mass of the water-soluble ethanol (80 volume (V / V)%) soluble component of the pine bark D was 0.66g.
For pine bark E, the mass of the water-soluble ethanol (30 vol (V / V)%) soluble component obtained from 10 g of the sample was measured by the same operation as described above. As a result, it was 0.35 g. In addition, the mass of the water-soluble ethanol (80 volume (V / V)%) soluble component of the pine bark E was 0.47g.
For pine bark F, the mass of ethanol (100 vol (V / V)%) soluble component obtained from 10 g of the sample was measured by the same operation as described above. As a result, it was 0.72 g. In addition, the mass of the water-soluble ethanol (80 volume (V / V)%) soluble component of the pine bark F was 0.67g.
[Example 1]
Using the pine bark A, a proanthocyanidin-containing material was obtained as follows.
1. Extraction Step First, 0.5 L of water was added to 100 g of pine bark A, and reflux extraction was performed at 95 ° C. or more for 1 hour. Next, filtration is performed to recover 0.5 L of filtrate (filtrate 1), and 0.5 L of water is added to the insoluble matter after filtration in the same manner as above to perform reflux extraction, followed by filtration. To obtain 0.5 L of filtrate (referred to as filtrate 2). Filtrate 1 and filtrate 2 were combined to obtain 1 L of pine bark extract.
2. Synthetic resin-based adsorbent treatment step Next, a resin (diaion (registered trademark) HP-20: manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) made of a copolymer of styrene-divinylbenzene swollen with water is swollen in an amount of 0.5 L. A column packed so as to be prepared was prepared, and the above extract solution was passed through this column to adsorb the proanthocyanidins in the extract solution to the column. This column was washed with 2 L of purified water to remove saccharides, organic acids, etc. remaining in the column. Next, proanthocyanidins were eluted from the column using 1 L of an aqueous solution containing 5% (V / V) ethanol to obtain 1 L of proanthocyanidin-containing liquid A. It was 11 mg when this containing liquid A was freeze-dried and the dry mass was measured.
3. Measurement of Components in Containing Liquid First, the pretreatment step of Item 1 and the synthetic resin adsorbent treatment step of Item 2 were repeated 10 times to obtain about 120 mg of dry powder of Containing Solution A. 100 mg of the obtained dry powder was dissolved in 2 mL of ethanol to prepare a sample.
Then, using this sample, Sephadex LH-20 (manufactured by Amersham Biotech Co., Ltd.), OPC fraction, pentamer or higher proanthocyanidin fraction, and catechin fraction The content of each component was measured by fractionating into fractions of components other than catechins.
First, 25 mL of Sephadex LH-20 (Amersham Biotech Co., Ltd.) swollen with water was packed in a 15 mm × 300 mm column, and washed with 50 mL of ethanol. The sample was passed through the column and adsorbed, and then eluted with a gradient of 100 to 80% (V / V) ethanol-water mixed solvent to collect 10 mL each. Simultaneously with the fractionation, a 2- to 4-mer OPC preparation (dimer: proanthocyanidin B-2 (Rf value: 0.6), trimer: proanthocyanidin C-1 (Rf value: 0.4) ) And tetramer: cinnamtannin A 2 (Rf value: 0.2)), the presence or absence of OPC in each fraction was detected by silica gel thin layer chromatography (TLC) under the following conditions.
TLC: Silica gel plate (Merck & CO., Inc.)
Developing solvent: benzene / ethyl formate / formic acid (2/7/1)
Detection reagent: sulfuric acid and anisaldehyde sulfuric acid Sample amount: 10 μL each
The elution fractions confirmed to contain OPC by TLC were combined to obtain an OPC fraction.
Next, when no OPC was detected, 300 mL of 50% (V / V) water-acetone mixed solvent was passed through to elute the remaining adsorbate adsorbed on the column.
The fraction containing the collected adsorbate was subjected to TLC using catechin (Rf value: 0.8) as an index, and separated into a fraction containing catechins and a proanthocyanidin fraction of pentamer or higher. TLC development conditions and detection methods were the same as described above.
The fraction containing catechins was further separated into catechins and components other than catechins as follows. First, a fraction containing catechins was freeze-dried to obtain a powder. This powder was dissolved in 3 mL of water, and 20 mL of MCI gel (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) obtained by swelling this solution with water was passed through a column packed in a 15 × 300 mm column for adsorption. This column was washed with water, and then eluted with a gradient of 10 to 100% (V / V) ethanol-water mixed solvent, and 7 mL each was collected. After completion of elution, catechins in each fraction were detected by TLC using catechin as an index, and separated into a catechin fraction and a fraction of components other than catechins.
The OPC fraction, the pentamer or higher proanthocyanidin fraction obtained as described above, the catechins fraction, and the fractions of components other than the catechins were pulverized by freeze-drying, and the dry mass was measured. In addition, the total of the OPC fraction, the 5 or more proanthocyanidin fraction, the catechins fraction, the fraction of components other than catechins, and the fraction of other components is 100 mg of dry powder of the proanthocyanidin-containing liquid A 99 mg or more, and almost the entire amount was recovered. Table 1 shows the dry mass (solid substance amount) of the proanthocyanidin-containing liquid A obtained from 100 g of pine bark A, and the content of OPC contained in the dry powder of the proanthocyanidin-containing liquid A. The content, the content of all proanthocyanidins (total of OPC and pentamer or more proanthocyanidins), the content of catechins, and the ratio of OPC in all proanthocyanidins are shown.
[Example 2]
Example 1 except that an aqueous solution containing 10% (V / V) ethanol was used instead of an aqueous solution containing 5% (V / V) ethanol in the synthetic resin adsorbent treatment step. Similarly, proanthocyanidin-containing liquid B was obtained. The dry mass of this containing liquid B was 55 mg. Similarly to Example 1, after securing 100 mg of dry powder, the content of each component was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[Example 3]
Example 1 except that an aqueous solution containing 20% (V / V) ethanol was used instead of an aqueous solution containing 5% (V / V) ethanol in the synthetic resin-based adsorbent treatment step. Similarly, a proanthocyanidin-containing liquid C was obtained. The dry mass of this containing liquid C was 131 mg. In the same manner as in Example 1, the content of each component was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[Example 4]
Example 1 except that an aqueous solution containing 30% (V / V) ethanol was used instead of an aqueous solution containing 5% (V / V) ethanol in the synthetic resin-based adsorbent treatment step. Similarly, a proanthocyanidin-containing liquid D was obtained. The dry mass of this containing liquid D was 295 mg. In the same manner as in Example 1, the content of each component was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[Example 5]
Proanthocyanidins in the same manner as in Example 3 except that pine bark B (containing 7.1% by mass of water-containing ethanol (80 vol. (V / V)%) soluble component) was used instead of pine bark A A containing liquid E was obtained. The dry mass of this containing liquid E was 82 mg. Similarly to Example 1, after securing 100 mg of dry powder, the content of each component was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
(Comparative Example 1)
Proanthocyanidins in the same manner as in Example 3 except that pine bark C (containing ethanol (80% by volume (V / V)%) soluble component 5.3% by mass)) was used instead of pine bark A. The containing liquid F was obtained. The dry mass of this containing liquid F was 64 mg. Similarly to Example 1, after securing 100 mg of dry powder, the content of each component was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
(Comparative Example 2)
Proanthocyanidins in the same manner as in Example 3, except that pine bark D (containing 7.0% by mass of water-containing ethanol (40 vol. (V / V)%) soluble component) was used instead of pine bark A A containing liquid G was obtained. The dry mass of this containing liquid G was 53 mg. Similarly to Example 1, after securing 100 mg of dry powder, the content of each component was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
(Comparative Example 3)
Proanthocyanidins in the same manner as in Example 3 except that pine bark E (containing 3.5% by mass of water-containing ethanol (30 vol. (V / V)%) soluble component) was used instead of pine bark A A containing liquid H was obtained. The dry mass of this containing liquid H was 45 mg. Similarly to Example 1, after securing 100 mg of dry powder, the content of each component was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
(Comparative Example 4)
Instead of pine bark A, pine bark F (containing ethanol (100 volume (V / V)%) soluble component 7.2 mass%)) was used in the same manner as in Example 3 except that it contained proanthocyanidins. Liquid 1 was obtained. The dry mass of this containing liquid 1 was 50 mg. Similarly to Example 1, after securing 100 mg of dry powder, the content of each component was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
(Comparative Example 5)
In the same manner as in Example 1, a pine bark extract was obtained (this is referred to as proanthocyanidin-containing solution J), and the amount of each component contained in this pine bark extract was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are also shown in Table 1.
From Examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that in the step of treating with a synthetic resin adsorbent, the OPC content increases and the yield tends to decrease as the ethanol concentration of the elution solvent decreases. Conversely, it can also be seen that the yield obtained from pine bark tends to increase as the ethanol concentration increases.
On the other hand, the proanthocyanidin-containing liquid J obtained by performing only the extraction treatment of the proanthocyanidin-containing liquids F to I obtained using the pine bark C to F of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 or the pine bark A of Comparative Example 5 is The OPC content was less than 10% by mass. In particular, for pine bark D and pine bark F, the soluble component when using 40% by volume ethanol aqueous solution or 100% by volume ethanol, which is a solvent capable of extracting OPC, is 7% by mass or more. No proanthocyanidin-containing product having an OPC content of 10% by mass or more was obtained.
[Example 6]
1 L of purified water was added to 100 g of pine bark A of Reference Example, crushed, and heated at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes. Subsequently, the mixture was immediately filtered, and the insoluble matter after filtration was washed with 200 mL of purified water, and the filtrate and the washing solution were combined to obtain 1.2 L of an extract.
Next, the mixture was allowed to cool to 25 ° C., 100 g of Diaion (registered trademark) HP-20 was added, and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours and then filtered to recover a solid content adsorbed by proanthocyanidins. This solid content was washed with 400 mL of purified water, 200 mL of 20% (V / V) ethanol aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour, filtered, and the filtrate was collected to obtain proanthocyanidin-containing solution K. This proanthocyanidin-containing liquid K was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain 0.13 g of a dry powder. When the content of OPC and catechins was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 above using 100 mg of the dry powder of the containing liquid H, OPC was 41.1% by mass and catechins were 10.1 in terms of dry mass. It was mass%.
[Example 7]
Proanthocyanidin-containing liquid in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Amberlite (registered trademark) XAD1180 was used instead of the synthetic resin-based adsorbent of Example 1 (Diaion (registered trademark) HP-20). L was obtained. This proanthocyanidin-containing liquid L was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain 0.07 g of a dry powder. As in Example 1, after securing 100 mg of dry powder, the contents of OPC and catechins were measured. As a result, OPC was 38.2% by mass and catechins were 9.2% by mass in terms of dry mass. It was.
[Example 8]
A proanthocyanidin-containing liquid in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Amberlite (registered trademark) XAD2000 was used instead of the synthetic resin-based adsorbent (Diaion (registered trademark) HP-20) of Example 1. M was obtained. This proanthocyanidin-containing liquid M was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain 0.13 g of dry powder. When the content of OPC and catechins was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 using 100 mg of the dry powder of this containing liquid J, OPC was 40.2% by mass and catechins were 10.2 in terms of dry mass. It was contained by mass%.
本発明の方法によれば、松樹皮1質量部に対して、50〜80容量%のエタノール水溶液10容量部を加えて80〜85℃にて1時間抽出したときに、乾燥質量換算で7質量%以上の固形物が得られる松樹皮を出発原料とし、さらに該松樹皮を水および有機溶媒のうちの少なくとも1種で抽出し、該抽出物を合成樹脂系吸着剤で処理することによって、OPCを10質量%以上含有するプロアントシアニジン含有物を簡便かつ効率良く得ることができる。この方法は、コストおよび環境保全の面から特に有用である。得られたOPC含量が10質量%以上のプロアントシアニジン含有物中には、カテキン類も含有し得る。これらのプロアントシアニジン含有物は、食品、化粧品、医薬品の製造原料として非常に有用である。 According to the method of the present invention, when 10 parts by volume of 50 to 80% by volume ethanol aqueous solution is added to 1 part by weight of pine bark and extracted at 80 to 85 ° C. for 1 hour, 7 parts by weight in terms of dry weight is obtained. % Of pine bark from which solids are obtained as a starting material, the pine bark is further extracted with at least one of water and an organic solvent, and the extract is treated with a synthetic resin-based adsorbent, whereby OPC Can be easily and efficiently obtained. This method is particularly useful in terms of cost and environmental protection. The resulting proanthocyanidin-containing product having an OPC content of 10% by mass or more can also contain catechins. These proanthocyanidin-containing materials are very useful as raw materials for producing foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Claims (3)
該松樹皮を水および有機溶媒のうちの少なくとも1種で抽出する工程、および
該抽出物を合成樹脂系吸着剤で処理する工程
を包含する、OPCを10質量%以上含有するプロアントシアニジン含有物の製造方法。When 10 parts by volume of 50-80% by volume ethanol aqueous solution is added to 1 part by weight of pine bark and extracted at 80-85 ° C. for 1 hour, a solid matter of 7% by weight or more in terms of dry weight is obtained. Using pine bark as a starting material,
A proanthocyanidin-containing product containing 10% by mass or more of OPC, comprising: extracting the pine bark with at least one of water and an organic solvent; and treating the extract with a synthetic resin-based adsorbent. Production method.
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