JPWO2006090866A1 - Solid feed for large fish - Google Patents

Abstract

For large fish in the form of a core-shell type, wherein (i) the shell is composed of a sticky substance containing fish feed nutrients, and (ii) the core comprises a composition containing fish feed nutrients A solid feed is provided. The said solid feed can be manufactured cheaply compared with the solid feed for the conventional large fish, the palatability by a fish improves, and the residence and absorption control in a digestive tract can be performed easily.

Description

  The present invention relates to a fish culture technique, and more specifically to a solid feed for large fish.

As the first shipment of fully-cultured tuna by the Kinki University Fisheries Research Institute on September 3, 2004 attracted public attention, it is now not limited to salmon, flounder, hamachi, etc. Expectations are growing for development. In the field of fish feed that should play a part in aquaculture technology, moist pellets (MP) that can replace part or all of raw feed such as sardines as feed for salmon and hamachi, and extruder pellets ( EP) and other artificial feeds have been developed.
However, large fish such as bluefin tuna, which uses fresh or frozen squid, anchovy, sardine, horse mackerel, chub mackerel, and squid as they grow, have a lot of chub mackerel in terms of feed size, economy, and nutrition. in use. By the way, with regard to the blended feed moldings, it is difficult to increase the size due to various factors in the manufacturing method only by following the above-mentioned manufacturing method of MP and EP, and the nutritional requirements suitable for cultured fish It is difficult to provide a feed having an appropriate strength while maintaining absorption and excretion.
To date, proposals aimed at increasing the size include the pasting of a plurality of conventional EP pellets (solid feed) molded with an extruder, using, for example, modified dextrin and starch. Examples include a larger one or a larger one in which a plurality of the same is packed in a sheep intestine or artificial casing used for ham or sausage (see Patent Document 1, cited reference will be described later, the same applies hereinafter). It has been suggested that the above-mentioned large-sized caking increases the digestion rate of rainbow trout in the stomach compared to conventional EP feed. In addition, the feed material for fish farming is extruded into a columnar shape with a biaxial extruder, and three or more of the columnar bodies are bundled and joined, thereby increasing the size of the solid feed for fish farming (for example, having a diameter of about 25 to 50 mm and a length of 35 to 100 mm) are also provided (see Patent Document 2). The characteristics of these solid feeds for fish farming include that they can be dried in a short time, good shape retention during extrusion or drying, and high palatability due to yellowtail.
On the other hand, it is not clear whether it is suitable for enlargement, but as a matter of interest in the structure of solid feed, using a double nozzle extruder, the thermal stability like vaccines and drugs is weak in the center A cylindrical type or capsule type in which essential components of cultured fish are encapsulated in the center is provided (see Patent Document 3). As an effect of such a feed, “a special feed that can be reliably administered to farmed fish in the form of oral administration of vaccines and drugs” can be mentioned. In addition, it can be used as a substitute for sea bream, etc., using two different types of hard and soft fishing feed ingredients including fish surimi, molded into a hard compound raw tube filled with soft compound materials, and the appropriate length There has been provided a fishing bait having a structure similar to a shellfish or the like, which is characterized by being heated after cutting (see Patent Document 4).

As described above, although a wide variety of solid feeds have been proposed, the present inventors do not yet know the existence of artificial solid feeds that have been successfully used for tuna farming. Among the above-mentioned patent documents, the most recently disclosed solid feed described in Patent Document 1 suggests that the digestion rate of rainbow trout in the stomach increases, the disintegration property in the digestive tract is excellent, and the like. ing. However, according to the experience of the present inventors, in large fish such as bluefin tuna, it was confirmed that the digestibility and disintegration in the stomach of solid feed, in some cases, resulted in the excretion of undigested products containing nutrient components Has been.
Therefore, in order to stabilize digestion and absorption of nutrient components, it is rather desirable to provide a solid feed that remains in the stomach for a certain period of time and stays in the stomach and intestines for a long time. Furthermore, it is also desired that various sizes or shapes of solid feed can be provided by using a variety of raw materials by a cheaper and simpler method.
Surprisingly, the present inventors diverted a wrapping machine (so-called bun manufacturing machine), and used a device having a function equivalent to that of the wrapping machine, respectively, as an outer covering material and a material to be included. Using certain raw materials, the cut surface along the axis (or along the long axis direction) is elliptical or almost rectangular, and the outer shape is a cylindrical shape or a rectangular parallelepiped, or a cylindrical shape Flat shape (having a shape that is deformed by pressing a cylindrical object in the short axis direction), or Daifuku eel, ampan, cream puff, banana, migratory fish (eg, Anchovy, Mackerel, Horse mackerel, Saury) It has been found that by producing a so-called core-shell type solid feed having a structure composed of a shell (outer shell) and a core (inner core), a feed that meets the above-mentioned needs or needs can be provided. Further, in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the solid feed is scheduled to be dried by heating, but the solid feed according to the present invention does not need to be dried by heating and is fed in a frozen state. Not only is it suitable, but it has also been found that feed utilization efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, according to the present invention, it has also been found that when the material is thawed after freezing and then air-dried if necessary, its physical strength can be further increased as compared to the solid feed before freezing.
The present invention has been completed based on the above findings.
Thus, according to the present invention, (i) the shell is composed of a sticky substance containing a fish bait nutrient, and (ii) the core comprises a composition containing the fish bait itself or a fish bait nutrient. A solid feed for large fish in the form of a core-shell type is provided.
Moreover, what is in the frozen state of such a solid feed and also the solid feed which was air-dried if necessary after being frozen are also provided.
Moreover, as a manufacturing method of the solid feed for large fishes which can manufacture said solid feed efficiently,
The following method:
(A) a step of adding water to a dough obtained by mixing and pulverizing a nutritional substance for fish food with an adhesive substance and kneading to prepare a shell material (shell forming material);
(B) A step of using the fish food as it is or adding water to the composition containing the nutritional components as necessary, and kneading to prepare an encapsulant (core-forming material);
(C) Cutting opening of a foreskin cutting device capable of performing multiple times of foreskin cutting of a rod-shaped feed dough having a double structure from the outer skin material and inner packaging material obtained in steps (a) and (b) The process of supplying to
(D) a step of foreskin cutting the rod-shaped feed dough with an appropriate length;
(E) optionally further comprising the steps of freezing and cutting the foreskin product obtained in (d) into a suitable shape, and (f) optionally further thawing the frozen solid. A method for producing a solid feed for large fish is provided.

FIG. 1 is an external view of a solid feed produced in Production Example 3 and a photograph (respectively, (a) and (b)) in place of a sectional view along the axis (long axis).
FIG. 2 is a photograph [(a) and (b), respectively] instead of a drawing showing the state of the stomach contents of the anchovy-feeding fish and the core-shell type pellet-feeding fish contents of the feeding example.
FIG. 3 is a photograph instead of a drawing showing the shape of the rectangular parallelepiped core-shell type pellet used in Feeding Example 2. Photo a replaces the external view, and photos b and c replace the cross-sectional views along the major axis and minor axis, respectively.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Large fish as used in the present invention mainly means adults such as bluefin tuna, yellowfin, bigeye, albacore, southern bluefin tuna, cocinaga, Atlantic bluefin tuna, adult fish of the yellowtail, and salmon. To do. According to the present invention, since the size of solid feed can be adjusted freely, the size of the large fish is not limited, but generally, the total length is about 25 cm or more, the body weight is about 300 g or more, preferably 1000 g or more. Can target fish of a size equal to or greater than young bluefin tuna (Yokowa), adults of yellowtail, and adults of salmon. The breeding or aquaculture of target fish widely includes not only for the purpose of growth but also for the purpose of improving the quality of fish meat.
According to the present invention, since the shell is composed of an adhesive substance containing a nutrient for fish food, the core-shell structure can be fed without being crushed, and a variety of core raw materials can be used. It is possible to choose something. Moreover, the preference of fish can also be improved because a shell contains the nutrient for fish food. The adhesive substance is not limited as long as it exhibits such an action and effect, but it is not limited, pregelatinized starch, raw starch, wheat gluten, guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, collagen, carrageenan, sodium alginate, Examples thereof include one selected from the group consisting of agar and xanthan gum and a mixture of two or more thereof. Among these, in particular, the use of at least pregelatinized starch enhances the strength of the obtained solid feed, and, for example, the disintegration property of the solid feed in the stomach can be controlled, and the absorption of nutrients in the intestine Can increase the sex. The raw starch of the pregelatinized starch includes potato starch, corn starch, tapioca starch, etc., but may be starch of any origin.
Any nutritional substance for fish food can be used as long as it enhances the palatability of the solid feed and does not significantly reduce the structural strength of the shell and can be uniformly dispersed in the shell layer containing the adhesive substance. Even things can be used. Such nutritional substances include, but are not limited to, animals such as fish meal, krill meal, squid meal, surimi fish, animal meal from pigs or birds, bone meal from pigs or birds, feather meal, blood meal, etc. Flour such as flour, wheat flour, rye flour, barley flour, vegetable oil meal such as soybean meal, corn gluten meal, rapeseed oil meal, legume flour such as soybean meal, red bean meal, defatted rice cake, rice meal, etc. Breasts such as koji, beer koji, shochu, etc., yeasts such as beer yeast, torula yeast, etc., oils and fats such as fish oil, soybean oil, corn oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, sardines, mackerel, horse mackerel And seafood mince such as saury or krill, and powdered aquatic mixed feed called mash. A mixture of two or more of these nutrient substances is also included in the nutrient substance.
The use ratio of the adhesive substance for fish food cannot be specified because the optimum value varies depending on the type of combination of the nutrient substance and the viscous substance, but is generally 5% by weight or more, preferably 10% by weight or more, particularly preferably 15% by weight. % Can be selected. Further, when 100% to 5% by weight of the adhesive substance is pregelatinized starch, as described above, the strength of the obtained solid feed can be increased, the disintegration property of the solid feed in the stomach can be controlled, and the absorption of nutrients in the intestine Can increase the sex.
The composition containing the fish food itself or its nutritional components constituting the core part may be any raw material that does not adversely affect the strength of the shell structure and is useful for breeding or culturing large fish. There may be. However, without limitation, for example, fish meal, krill meal, squid meal, fish surimi, animal meal from pigs or birds, bone meal from pigs or birds, feather meal, blood meal, etc. Cereal flour such as rye flour, barley flour, etc., vegetable oil lees such as soybean meal, corn gluten meal, rapeseed oil meal, soybean flour, red bean meal, etc. Breasts such as koji, shochu, etc., yeasts such as beer yeast, torula yeast, etc., oils and fats such as fish oil, soybean oil, corn oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, sardines, mackerel, horse mackerel, saury, squid Or minced or cut pieces of fish and seafood such as krill, powdered mixed feed for fishery called mash, fresh seafood such as sardines, mackerel, horse mackerel, saury, squid, clams or krill, sardines Mackerel, horse mackerel, may be mentioned saury, squid, clam or frozen fish and shellfish such as krill, and fish formula feed. Moreover, the mixture of 2 or more types of the composition containing these fish food itself or its nutrient component is also included by this composition. As used herein, sardines, mackerel and horse mackerel are generic names. For example, sardine means a concept including sardine, anchovy and sardine.
Most of the nutritional components or compositions described above or their raw materials are commercially available or can be used with some modifications.
The raw material for the core can contain a large amount of oil or fat including fish oil and tallow. For example, a fish paste can be added to fish mixed feed to form a fluid paste, which can be used as a core. Up to 40% by weight, preferably up to 35% by weight of oil can be added to the total weight of the core raw material. Can be included. For the core or shell, vitamins such as vitamin B ₁ , vitamin E and vitamin C, minerals such as zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and magnesium sulfate, protease, amylase, lipase, etc., which are usually used as feed additives Digestive enzymes, live bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria, pigments, and the like.
As described above, the core-shell type solid feed having such a composition is not limited in size, but when converted into a spherical product, the core-shell type solid feed provides a sphere having a diameter of 2 cm or more, preferably 5 cm or more. Furthermore, the cigar or banana type having a cross-sectional diameter of 1 to 7 cm, preferably 2 to 5 cm, and a longitudinal length of 6 to 30 cm, preferably 10 to 20 cm Is strongly intended to provide. Moreover, in the case of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped, it can be 1 to 3 cm in length, 2 to 6 cm in width, and 3 to 20 cm in depth. A substantially rectangular parallelepiped means that portions corresponding to each side may be rounded. However, the shape and size of the solid feed of the present invention can be any, and may be appropriately selected depending on the fish species to be reared, the size, and the like. In particular, since the solid feed of the present invention can be manufactured using a device that has a function equivalent to that of a baling machine, the bar feed is perpendicular to the axis (or perpendicular to the long axis direction). The cut surface is oval or rectangular, and the outer shape is a cylindrical shape or a rectangular parallelepiped, or a flat shape of a cylindrical shape (the cylindrical shape is deformed by pressing in the short axis direction) Various shapes such as cigars, bananas, spheres, mitakes, or mimics of migratory fish (eg, anchovy, mackerel, horse mackerel, saury). Can provide. The shape of the chow can affect the feeding rate in combination with the feeding environment (for example, changes in water temperature, degree of dissolved oxygen, degree of turbidity of the sea surface, level of salinity, presence or absence of ocean currents, etc.) However, in general, a flat shape and a substantially rectangular parallelepiped are preferable, and a flat shape is particularly preferable.
From the viewpoint of the strength of the solid feed and the retention in the digestive organs of the fish, the average thickness of the shell portion in the core-shell is generally 5% to 95%, preferably 10% of the cross sectional size of the solid feed. It can be selected to be ˜40%, more preferably 10% to 30%. In addition, when expressed in terms of weight% of the shell part per total weight of the core-shell, the shell part generally varies from 5 to 90%, preferably from 10% to 75%, depending on the specific gravity of the raw materials used. More preferably, it can be selected to be 10% to 50%. Although the average thickness was mentioned above, it is preferable that the thickness of the shell part in solid feed is uniform. However, there may be some variation as long as the purpose of the present invention is met. Further, it is desirable that substantially the entire surface of the core portion is covered with the shell portion. The phrase “substantially entirely covered by the shell part” means that at least 90%, preferably 95% or more, particularly preferably 100% of the surface of the core part is covered.
The strength of the solid feed is such that the form can be efficiently fed far away by a feeding machine, for example, to a place 5 m or more away at an appropriate angle via a transport pipe connected to a pressurized blower. It is preferable to select the configuration of the shell portion. A typical example of such a feeder is an air feeder JMM-100ES manufactured by Furuta Electric Co., Ltd.
According to the present invention, since the solid feed in the frozen state is also provided, it is not always necessary to efficiently feed far away by the feeding machine when in the unfrozen state, but considering the convenience of handling, What has the structure of a shell part like this is preferable. When the solid feed including the shell having such a structure is frozen and then thawed and air-dried, it is not clear what mechanism is used, but the strength can be improved as compared with the solid feed before freezing. Freezing corresponds to the solid feed in the frozen state according to the present invention even if at least 50% of the shell portion is frozen, preferably 80% or more, but preferably 100% is frozen Can be mentioned. Without being bound by theory, the frozen solid feed according to the present invention is prevented from freezing, so that the oil in the core part is prevented from penetrating into the shell part, or without freezing. The shell retains better than when left at room temperature, and can further enhance the stability in water, in other words, it can be made difficult to disintegrate or dissolve.
The above solid feed can be efficiently produced by diverting a packaging machine provided as another aspect of the present invention and using a device having the same function as the packaging machine. An example of such an apparatus is Martian (registered trademark) manufactured by Leon Automatic Co., Ltd. Although not limited, the manufacturing method of the solid feed which can be used suitably is demonstrated below.
(I) Shell material preparation process In the shell material preparation process, any device and method may be used as long as the raw materials of the shell can be mixed well. Nishimura Seiki Kogyo Co., Ltd. can be used conveniently. Put the sticky substance and the nutrients for fish feed into the eel kneading bait and mix well, so that the sticky substance and the nutrient substance are mixed evenly. Add water as needed to make a shell with moderate viscosity. In this process, the adhesive substance and the nutritional substance are mixed in advance so that the adhesive substance and the nutritional substance are mixed more uniformly (V-Mixer VM manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd., V-type mixer SVM type, Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.). -30 type, etc.) may be mixed.
(Ii) Core material preparation process In the core material preparation process, any apparatus and method may be used as long as the raw materials of the core can be mixed well. For example, a moist pellet granulator SH500l type manufactured by Denki Co., Ltd. or MGM2000KT manufactured by Sanko Techno Co., Ltd.) can be used conveniently. Into the mixing tank of the moist pellet granulator, the fish bait itself or a composition containing its nutritional components is added and mixed well. Thereafter, the core extruded from the moist pellet granulator is used as the core.
(Iii) Molding process of core-shell type pellet In the molding process of core-shell type pellet, any apparatus and method may be used as long as the core material can be wrapped with the shell material. It is convenient to use a machine (Marsman CN500 manufactured by Leon Automatic Co., Ltd., or Robo Seven AR800 manufactured by Kovard Co., Ltd.). In the upper part of the packaging machine, the shell material prepared as described above is put into the outer shell material charging hopper, and the core material prepared as described above is loaded into the inner packaging material feeding hopper, respectively. By adjusting the conveyance motor rotation, the nozzle ring size, and the cutter operating interval, core-shell type pellets of any size and form can be obtained. If necessary, the molded product thus obtained can be pressed into a specific direction to obtain a deformed molded product.
(Iv) Freezing or freezing process Any apparatus and method may be used for the freezing process as long as the core-shell type pellets are not bonded to each other, and a tunnel freezer with excellent freezing efficiency is used. Convenient to use. Usually, the tunnel freezer is operated at -10 ° C to -35 ° C. The lower the temperature, the shorter the freezing time, which is advantageous. However, as long as the core-shell type pellet is not blocked as described above, it can be used. The frozen solid feed thus produced can be thawed and fed as necessary. Any method or apparatus may be used for thawing as long as it does not cause the core-shell type pellets to collapse and the components to deteriorate. Usually, the solid feed of the present invention that has been thawed can be obtained by allowing it to stand in a room cooled to room temperature to about −5 ° C. while allowing ventilation.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with specific examples.
Production Example 1
(1) Preparation process of shell material To a eel kneading bait adjuster (Nishimura Seiki Kogyo Co., Ltd. kneading baler, processing capacity of about 10 kg per batch), a mixer (V-MIXER VM-30 manufactured by Fuji Powdal Co., Ltd.) A mixture of fish meal, alpha starch, vitamin mix, mineral mix, fish oil, and water mixed in advance using a mold, and mixed well so as to mix evenly to obtain a shell material. The blending ratio of each component in the shell material was as shown in Table 1 below.
(2) Preparation process of core material In a mixing tank of a moist pellet granulator (MGM2000KT manufactured by Sanko Techno Co., Ltd.), a mixed feed for growing rice made by Mercian Co., Ltd. Hamakaze ST (trade name), fish oil, frozen anchovy cut pieces Was mixed well, and then extruded from a moist pellet granulator was used as the core material. The blending ratio of the core material was as shown in Table 2 below. Further, the feed additive and the blending ratio of Hamakaze ST were as shown in Table 3 below, and the amounts of each elementary component were as shown in Table 4.
(3) Core-shell type pellet molding process The shell material is placed in the outer shell material charging hopper, and the core material is placed in the inner packaging material charging hopper, at the top of the baling machine (Martianjin CN500 manufactured by Leon Automatic Co., Ltd.) Each is loaded, and the rotation of the transport motor for the outer skin and inner packaging material is set to 36.5 (scale of the packaging machine), nozzle 12 mm, ring 20 mm, cutter operation interval 1 time / second, minor axis 20 mm, major axis A 60 mm cylindrical core-shell pellet was produced. The thickness of the shell part at that time was 20% on average.
(4) Freezing step of core-shell type pellet The molded core-shell type pellet was directly frozen at -35 ° C with a contact time (passage time) of 15 minutes using a tunnel freezer.
Production Example 2
The operation mode of the packaging machine in the manufacturing example 1 was changed to 76.2, 99.5 (scale of the packaging machine), nozzle 36 mm, and ring 42 mm, respectively, for the outer skin material and the inner packaging material. Others repeated the operation of Production Example 1 to obtain a core-shell type pellet having a minor axis of 42 mm and a major axis of 100 mm.
Production Example 3
The operation mode of the packaging machine in Manufacturing Example 1 is 76.2 and 99.5 (scale of the packaging machine), the nozzle 36 mm, the ring 48 mm, and the cutter operation interval, respectively. The procedure of Production Example 1 was repeated except that the time was changed to once / 2 seconds to obtain a core-shell type pellet having a minor axis of 50 mm and a major axis of 120 mm. A photograph replacing the drawing of the solid feed obtained is shown in FIG. In the figure, (a) is an appearance, and (b) is a photograph replacing a cross-sectional view along the long axis.
Production Example 4 Production of solid feed by various use ratios of core material and shell material (1) Preparation of shell material An unagi kneading bait feeder (kneader baker made by Nishimura Seiki Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was mixed with a mixer (Fuji A mixture of fish meal, alpha starch, vitamin mix, mineral mix, and fish oil and water mixed in advance using V-MIXER VM-30 manufactured by Paudal Co., Ltd. and mixed well so as to mix evenly Shell material was used. The blending ratio of the shell material is the same as in Table 1 of Production Example 1.
(2) Preparation of core material Fish powder, wheat flour powder, soybean meal, vitamin mix, mineral mix manufactured in Mercian Corporation Yatsushiro Feed Mill in a mixing tank of Moist Pellet Granulator MMG2000KT manufactured by Sanko Techno Co., Ltd. A mixture of the above, a cut piece of frozen anchovy, and water were added, mixed, and extruded from a granulator as a core material. The blending ratio of the core material was as shown in Table 5 below.
The shell material and the core material are loaded into the outer shell material charging hopper of the baling machine (Leon Automatic Co., Ltd. Martianjin CN500), respectively, and under the conditions described in Production Example 1, A core-shell type solid feed was produced under the conditions of thickness ratios (corresponding weight ratios) shown in Table 6.
The specific gravity of the shell material and the core material was 1.04 and 1.12.
The solid feed of any ratio in Table 6 did not collapse when fed by an air feeder JMM-100ES described later. A shell ratio (thickness) of 5% to 30% is preferable from the viewpoint of the nutritional value of the cultured fish.
Salary implementation example 1
(1) Feeding 150 fish bluefin tuna with an average fish weight of 2.3 kg trained with frozen food such as anchovies and small girls are housed in sea surface small raw ginger (12m x 12m x 10m (depth)). For 7 days, the frozen anchovy and the core-shell type pellet obtained in Production Example 1 were fed satisfactorily and acclimated to each. The amount of each feed fed was as shown in Table 7 below. The average salary amount per day for anchovy for 7 days was 45 kg. Then, fasted for 2 days, and the next day, 20.4 kg of core-shell type pellets of the production example were fed so that the dry weight weight excluding 45 kg of frozen anchovy and the amount of water would be the same, and the complete meal was visually observed. confirmed. The water temperature at the time of paying was 17.5 ° C.
Frozen electric sardines and core-shell type pellets were supplied by using an air feeder JMM-100ES manufactured by Furuta Electric Co., Ltd. Did not collapse during feeding.
The component amount analysis of the frozen anchovy and the core-shell type pellets was performed according to “Feed analysis standard (November 15, 1995, 7 livestock B No. 1660, notification from the Director of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry)”.
(2) Observation of staying in stomach In addition, after 7 hours from feeding, each bluefin tuna fed with anchovy and core-shell type pellets was picked up one by one, and the digestion state of feed in the stomach was confirmed. The bluefin tuna that was picked up was larger than the average size, and 4.7 kg of anchovy-fed fish and 4.5 kg of core-shell type pellet-fed fish. A photograph replacing the drawing showing the state of digestion is attached ((a) feed derived from stomach of anchovy-fed fish, (b) feed derived from stomach of fish fed core-shell type pellets). The anchovy was considerably digested, but although the core-shell type pellet was dissolved on the surface, the form of the pellet was retained, and it was confirmed that it stayed in the stomach for a certain period of time.
Feeding Example 2
This example is a feeding rate confirmation test in which two kinds of core-shell type pellets having different shapes of a cylindrical shape and a rectangular parallelepiped (the cross section in the short axis direction is a rectangle) are fed to a bluefin tuna 2-year-old fish.
(1-1) Manufacture of cylindrical core-shell type pellets used in the test The operation mode of the wrapping machine in Production Example 1 was set to 31.0 and 46. Set to 7 (scale of the baling machine) and changed to nozzle 25 mm, ring 32 mm, cutter operation interval 1 time / 2 seconds, and Mercian Co., Ltd. marine fish breeding formula feed: NEW weight up HCS (trade name) and frozen fish (choose from anchovy, mackerel, saury) cut pieces, except that the core material adjusted in the blending ratio of Table 8 below was used, the operation of Production Example 1 was repeated, A cylindrical core-shell type pellet having a minor axis of 32 mm and a major axis of 100 mm was prepared. For the shape, see (a) and (b) of Photo 1 instead of the drawing of FIG.
(1-2) Production of a rectangular parallelepiped core-shell type cylindrical core-shell except that the nozzle and ring of the packaging machine are changed to a 28 mm x 17 mm rectangular nozzle and a 36 mm x 22 mm rectangular ring, respectively. The same operation as the mold was repeated to produce a 36 mm × 22 mm × 100 mm rectangular core-shell type pellet (see photographs a, b and c in FIG. 3).
(2) Feeding rate confirmation test method Two-year-old bluefin tuna with an estimated average body weight of 14 kg visually cultivated by feeding frozen fish after thawing with a sea surface split ginger (40 m x 25 m x 20 m (depth)) With respect to 1,500 fish, 100 pieces of the above-mentioned cylindrical and rectangular core-shell type pellets were thrown by hand, and the feeding condition was visually confirmed. The water temperature was 27.7 ° C and the weather was clear.
(3) Feeding rate confirmation test results Table 9 shows the test results. In Table 9, “not fed” means that the core-shell type pellets thrown in were not eaten at all, and “after-feeding discharge” means the state after being swallowed and then discharged. A bait represents the state swallowed completely. In this test, because the seawater temperature fluctuated just before the test, about half of the cylindrical core-shell type pellets were not eaten, and most of the pellets that were once fed were exhaled. I have. The rectangular parallelepiped core-shell type pellet settles so that it drifts in the water after landing, and the state is stimulated by the bluefin tuna's willingness to eat. Some of the exhaled food was fed by another bluefin tuna, resulting in 100% feeding. From this result, it was estimated that about 14 kg of bluefin tuna has a higher feeding rate in the rectangular parallelepiped core-shell type pellet than in the cylindrical core-shell type pellet.
Feeding Example 3
(1) Manufacture of cylindrical core-shell type pellets used in the test The operation mode of the wrapping machine in Production Example 1 is set to 31.0 and 46.7 (the rotation of the transport motor for the outer skin material and the inner skin material, respectively). Set to the scale of the wrapping machine) and changed to nozzle 25 mm, ring 32 mm, cutter operation interval 1 time / 2 seconds, and a mixed feed for marine fish breeding manufactured by Mercian Co., Ltd .: NEW Weight Up HCS ( Product name) and frozen fish (cylindrical sardine cut pieces, except for using the core material adjusted in the blending ratio shown in Table 8 above), the procedure of Production Example 1 was repeated to obtain a cylindrical core having a minor axis of 32 mm and a major axis of 120 mm. A shell-type pellet was prepared, and the shape is referred to (a) and (b) in Photo 1 instead of the drawing of FIG.
(2) Breeding of tuna 54 blue tuna 4-year-old fish with an average fish weight of about 34.5 kg were housed in a circular ginger (diameter 20 m x 15 m (depth)) with a small sea surface, and the breeding of bluefin tuna was started. In addition, since it is difficult to measure the fish weight of the bluefin tuna subjected to breeding while alive, three fish were taken on the day before the breeding start, the fish weight was measured after death, and the average value was taken as the average fish weight.
(3) Rearing results The following table 10 shows the rearing results for 360 days (water temperature 15.5 ° C to 27.9 ° C) after the start of the rearing. The average fish weight at the end of the breeding was taken at random on the last day, and the weight was measured after death. The feeding of core-shell type pellets during the breeding period was generally good. Twenty-six domestic fish reared in this way were sold at the market in the Keihan and Tohoku areas, and the evaluation of the domestic fish was confirmed, but both the appearance and the meat quality were good. Moreover, the increase rate of the fish by this breeding was not inferior compared with the case where the frozen fish was used for the feed.
In addition, it is presumed that the cause of evil death during breeding is due to collision death to the small life-giving structure.
List of cited references
JP 2004-97064 A Japanese Patent No. 3243497 JP-A-8-280333 JP-A-62-210935

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the feed which shows the rearing effect comparable to frozen fish, such as a sardine, mackerel, horse mackerel, and saury, currently used as a bait in the case of rearing large fish is provided. Therefore, the present invention can be used in the feed manufacturing industry, fish farming industry, and the like.

Claims (15)

A chow for large fish in the form of a core-shell type, wherein the shell is composed of a sticky substance containing nutrients for fish feed, and the core contains the fish feed itself or nutrients for fish feed The said solid feed which comprises a thing. 2. The solid according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive substance is one or more selected from the group consisting of pregelatinized starch, raw starch, wheat gluten, guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, collagen, carrageenan, sodium alginate, agar and xanthan gum. feed. The solid feed according to claim 2, wherein the adhesive substance contains at least pregelatinized starch. Fish food, krill meal, squid meal, fish meat surimi, meat meal, bone meal, animal meal powder, cereal meal, vegetable oil meal, legume meal, potato, brewed meal, yeasts The solid feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of oil, fats and oils, seafood mince, and powdered mixed feed for marine products. Fish meal itself or a composition containing nutritional ingredients for fish meal is fish meal, krill meal, squid meal, fish meat surimi, meat meal, bone meal, animal meal, cereal meal, vegetable oil meal, legume meal, potato, brewed meal, Yeasts, fats and oils, seafood mince, powdered aquatic mixed feed, fresh seafood, frozen seafood, and mash, steam pellets (DP), extruder pellets (EP) produced from one or more of them The solid feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is one or a combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of: The solid feed according to claim 5, further comprising one or more of nutrients selected from the group consisting of vitamins, minerals, amino acids and, optionally, growth hormones. The solid feed according to claim 1, wherein the size of the solid feed corresponds to a sphere having a diameter of 2 cm or more when converted into a spherical product. The solid feed according to claim 7, wherein substantially the entire surface of the core part is covered with a shell part. The solid feed according to claim 7 or 8, wherein an average thickness of the shell portion is 5 to 80% of a cross-sectional size of the solid feed (based on a radius when converted into a spherical product). The solid feed according to claim 1, wherein the solid feed can be efficiently fed far away by a feeding machine without being crushed. The solid feed according to claim 1, which is in a frozen state. The solid feed according to claim 1, which is thawed after being frozen. Adhesive substances are fish meal, krill meal, squid meal, fish paste, meat meal, bone meal, animal meal powder, cereal flour, vegetable oil meal, legume meal, potato, brewed meal, yeast, oils and fats, seafood mince, The solid feed according to claim 11 or 12, which is one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of a powdered mixed feed for aquatic products. Fish meal itself or a composition containing nutritional ingredients for fish meal is fish meal, krill meal, squid meal, fish paste, meat meal, bone meal, animal meal, cereal meal, vegetable oil meal, legume meal, potato meal, brewed meal , Yeast, fats and oils, fresh seafood mince, powdered aquatic mixed feed, seafood, frozen seafood, and mash, steam pellets (DP), extruder pellets (EP) The solid feed according to claim 13, which is one or a combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of: (A) a step of adding water to a dough obtained by mixing and pulverizing a nutritional substance for fish food with an adhesive substance and kneading to prepare a shell material (shell forming material);
(B) The step of using the fish bait as it is, or adding the water to the composition containing the nutritional component for the fish bait, if necessary, and kneading to prepare the encapsulating material (core forming material),
(C) Cutting opening of a foreskin cutting device capable of performing multiple times of foreskin cutting of a rod-shaped feed dough having a double structure from the outer skin material and inner packaging material obtained in steps (a) and (b) The process of supplying to
(D) a step of foreskin cutting the rod-shaped feed dough with an appropriate length;
(E) optionally further comprising the steps of freezing and cutting the foreskin product obtained in (d) into a suitable shape, and (f) optionally further thawing the frozen solid. The manufacturing method of the solid feed for large fishes of Claim 1.