JPWO2004021953A1 - Stretcher that can be changed into a wheelchair - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a stretcher having a mechanism for raising and lowering a stretcher body that can be changed from a bed to a chair or vice versa, and supports the stretcher body (2) that can be folded into a chair and the stretcher body (2). A trolley (3) that has four rotation fulcrums forming a parallelogram, and two of the rotation fulcrums are fixed to the trolley (3) and move parallel to the trolley (3). Positional relationship for rotating the four-bar parallel link mechanism (4) by restricting the rotation of the four-bar parallel link mechanism (4) that supports the main body (2) and expanding and contracting. And a telescopic mechanism (5).

Description

  The present invention relates to a stretcher that can be changed into a wheelchair. More specifically, the present invention relates to a stretcher provided with a mechanism for raising and lowering a stretcher body whose form can be changed from a bed to a chair or vice versa.

As a conventional stretcher provided with the raising / lowering mechanism, there exists a thing of the structure which connected between the trolley | bogie provided with a caster and a stretcher main body by the X-type link which is disclosed by Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2001-95885, for example. In this stretcher lifting mechanism, the distance between the tips of the X-shaped links is reduced to extend the X-shaped links in the vertical direction to increase the height of the stretcher body, and conversely, the distance between the tips of the X-shaped links is increased. The link is extended horizontally to reduce the height of the stretcher body.
However, in the elevating mechanism using the X-shaped link, a large force is required to raise and lower the stretcher main body while the patient is placed on the stretcher, which is a heavy labor. Moreover, in order to maintain the height of the stretcher main body constant, it is necessary to prevent the X-type link from spreading due to the weight of the patient or the like. For this purpose, a lock mechanism that firmly fixes the X-type link. Is required separately. Furthermore, since a caregiver or the like directly grabs the stretcher body and lifts or lowers it, there is a possibility that a hand or an object may be caught in the X-shaped link.
On the other hand, a configuration is also conceivable in which the stretcher body is directly supported via a hydraulic cylinder device arranged vertically on the carriage, and the stretcher body is moved up and down by an expansion and contraction operation of the hydraulic cylinder device. However, it is difficult to stably support the stretcher body on which the patient rides with only one hydraulic cylinder device, and it is also difficult to satisfy the required strength. Further, when the stretcher body is supported by two or more hydraulic cylinder units, the cost becomes high. Moreover, since the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder device cannot be made longer than the cylinder length, a large stroke cannot be obtained unless a large hydraulic cylinder device is used, but the minimum height of the stretcher body can be obtained using a large hydraulic cylinder device. There is a problem that cannot be reduced. For this reason, it is difficult to obtain a wide stroke from a low position to a high position by adjusting the height of the stretcher body to the height of the transfer destination or transfer source of the patient.

An object of the present invention is to provide a stretcher capable of raising and lowering a stretcher body safely and easily even when a patient is on the stretcher and obtaining a sufficient raising and lowering stroke.
In order to achieve this object, a stretcher that can be changed in shape to a wheelchair according to the present invention has a stretcher body that can be folded into a chair and a carriage that supports the stretcher body, and is a parallelogram. A four-joint parallel link mechanism that supports four stretch fulcrums, two of which are fixed to the carriage, and that support the stretcher body at a portion that translates relative to the carriage. And a telescopic mechanism arranged in a positional relationship for pivoting the four-joint parallel link mechanism by expanding and contracting.
Accordingly, when the four-joint parallel link mechanism is rotated by the extension / contraction operation of the extension / contraction mechanism, the stretcher body supported by the parallel-moving portion of the four-joint parallel link mechanism maintains a predetermined posture with respect to the carriage. Move up and down while maintaining the angle. When the length of the expansion / contraction mechanism is fixed, the height of the stretcher body is maintained constant, so that it is not necessary to provide a separate lock mechanism. Moreover, there is no possibility that a hand or an object will be pinched like an X-shaped link. Therefore, the stretcher body can be raised and lowered safely and easily. Further, the range in which the stretcher body moves up and down is determined by the range in which the four-bar parallel link mechanism rotates, so that the stretcher body can be moved up and down beyond the stroke of the telescopic mechanism itself.
Here, the telescopic mechanism is attached to the base, a moving part movable relative to the base, a screw moving mechanism that is provided between the base and the moving part and moves the moving part by rotating, and a base. It is preferable to include an actuating mechanism that rotates the screw moving mechanism. In this case, the moving part can be expanded and contracted with respect to the base part by rotating the screw moving mechanism by an actuating mechanism manually operated by a motor or a handle. Since the rotation operation is converted into the expansion / contraction operation, the load during operation can be reduced.
The actuating mechanism further includes a handle portion that provides rotational input, and the screw moving mechanism is a screw rod that is attached to the base and arranged in the sliding direction, and a screw rod that is attached to the moving portion and screwed into the screw rod. And the actuator mechanism includes a first bevel gear that rotates the screw rod and at least one second bevel gear that meshes with the first bevel gear, and the second bevel gear rotates in conjunction with the handle portion. It is preferable to be connected to the handle portion.
In this case, by rotating the handle portion, the second bevel gear rotates. In conjunction with this, the first bevel gear rotates, the screw rod rotates, and the slider moves along the screw rod. Thereby, a moving part can be expanded-contracted with respect to a base. The stretcher body can be easily moved up and down by operating the handle, and further, since electricity is not required, it is possible to avoid the danger of being unable to operate due to power failure in an emergency.
The second bevel gear and the handle portion are preferably connected via a universal shaft joint. In this case, rotation input can be given to the second bevel gear while following the expansion / contraction mechanism that rotates together with the four-joint parallel link mechanism by the expansion / contraction operation.
Furthermore, when the actuating mechanism has a motor, the expansion / contraction mechanism can be expanded and contracted electrically by a switch operation on the motor. The operator can raise and lower the stretcher body only by operating the switch, and the labor of the operator can be reduced.
Moreover, it is preferable to further include auxiliary means for generating auxiliary force in the direction in which the telescopic mechanism is extended or the direction in which the stretcher body is lifted with respect to the carriage. In this case, the force required for the expansion / contraction operation of the expansion / contraction mechanism can be further reduced.
The stretcher body includes a frame configured to be deformable into a chair by being folded, and a support member that is attached to the frame and supports a part of the patient's body, and the core of the support member or the support member At least the portion of the support surface that requires deformation is divided into a plurality of parts, and the divided core members or support members are connected by a flexible mechanism, and the flexible mechanisms are arranged in parallel at intervals. A fixed side member having a plurality of overlapping plates, a tilting side member having a plurality of overlapping plates alternately overlapping with the overlapping plate of the fixed side member, and the overlapping portion of each overlapping plate of the fixed side member and the tilting side member. And a biasing means for biasing the superposition plates in the superposition direction. The side member rotates around the connecting shaft and tilts a part of the core material or the support member, and maintains the angle and maintains the shape of the support surface by using the frictional force at the contact portion between the overlapping plates. Is preferred.
In this case, the patient who uses the stretcher is held in a stable sitting or supine posture or an easy sitting or supine posture by supporting a part of the body. In addition, for example, even if the posture when transferred to the bed or the posture after transfer is somewhat collapsed, the support member prevents a part of the body from protruding from the bed or the supine posture from collapse. Therefore, for the patient, it is not necessary to apply excessive force to maintain the posture, and even if it suddenly approaches the end of the bed by changing its posture or turning over, it may fall down accidentally. You can have a sense of security and trust that you don't.
The expansion / contraction mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder that expands when pressure oil is supplied and contracts when the pressure oil is discharged, and supplies and discharges pressure oil to the hydraulic cylinder by storing a certain amount of hydraulic oil. It is preferable to be a so-called hydraulic jack provided with a hydraulic supply / discharge section. In this case, when the oil supply operation is performed by the hydraulic supply / discharge section, the hydraulic cylinder is extended by the hydraulic pressure, and the stretcher body is raised. On the other hand, when the oil discharge operation is performed by the hydraulic supply / discharge section, the hydraulic pressure is reduced, the hydraulic cylinder contracts, and the stretcher body is lowered.
The hydraulic cylinder has a cylinder part, a piston part slidably inserted into the cylinder part, a cylinder chamber surrounded by the cylinder part and the piston part, and the hydraulic supply / discharge part includes an oil tank, An oil pump that sucks oil from the oil tank and pumps the sucked oil to the cylinder chamber, an oil discharge passage that connects the cylinder chamber and the oil tank, and a release device that opens and closes the oil discharge passage. Further, a lifting pedal that is displaceably mounted on the carriage, a lifting link that converts the displacement of the lifting pedal into an operation for the oil pump, a release pedal that is displaceably attached to the carriage, and the release pedal It is preferable to provide a release link that converts the displacement of the pedal into an operation on the release device.
In this case, the oil pump is actuated via the lifting link by an operation on the lifting pedal, the hydraulic cylinder is extended, and the stretcher body is raised. On the other hand, by operating the release pedal, the release device is operated via the release link, the hydraulic cylinder contracts, and the stretcher body is lowered. The operator does not need to bend down to the lower part of the stretcher and can perform the expansion / contraction operation of the expansion / contraction mechanism by stepping.
Here, it is preferable that the aforementioned lifting pedal and release pedal are provided on both the left and right sides of the carriage. In this case, the operator does not have to go around to the side where the pedal is, and can quickly move the stretcher body up and down.
The elevating pedal is rotatably attached to the carriage, the elevating link is a first elevating link that rotates integrally with the elevating pedal, and a first elevating link that is rotatably supported by the carriage. In addition, it is preferable to have a second elevating link that contacts the oil pump and applies a pressing force to the oil pump by rotating in conjunction with the rotation of the first elevating link. In this configuration, the number of links can be reduced, so the configuration can be made compact, and there is no need to reduce the thickness of the component because there is room for the component storage space, so the strength of the component can be made sufficiently high. As a result, it is possible to reduce the cost, and the advantage that the cost can be reduced can be obtained.
The elevating pedal is rotatably attached to the carriage, and the elevating link is a first elevating link that rotates integrally with the elevating pedal, and a second elevating link that is rotatably connected to the first elevating link. A link and a third elevating link that is rotatably connected to the second elevating link and rotatably supported with respect to the carriage, and the second elevating link is formed by the rotation of the first elevating link. It moves, and the 3rd link for raising / lowering rotates by the said movement, and you may make it give a pressing force to an oil pump. In this configuration, since the second lifting link is interposed between the third lifting link for operating the oil pump and the first lifting link that rotates integrally with the lifting pedal, the rotation of the lifting pedal The shaft can be placed at a position away from the position where the oil pump is located, and even if the lifting / lowering pedal is placed in a horizontal shape instead of being bent, the lifting / lowering pedal is not in contact with the carriage. it can. For this reason, the pedal part of the lifting / lowering pedal can be arranged away from the carriage, the amount of the pedal part that is stepped on can be reduced to the rotating shaft side of the lifting / lowering pedal, and the operator's foot operating the lifting / lowering pedal can be Can be prevented from touching.
Further, the expansion / contraction mechanism that expands and contracts by supplying and discharging pressure oil preferably includes a brake mechanism that increases the force required to displace the release pedal as the release pedal displacement increases. In this case, the operation amount for the release device can be reduced by depressing the release pedal with a light force, and the operation amount for the release device can be increased by depressing the release pedal with a strong force. For example, when the release pedal is depressed with a light force, the expansion / contraction mechanism is operated when a relatively large load is applied to contract the expansion / contraction mechanism, such as when a person is placed on the stretcher body. When the release pedal is depressed with a stronger force, the expansion / contraction mechanism can be smoothly contracted by the weight of the stretcher body. Therefore, the stretcher body can be lowered at an appropriate speed according to the situation by the strength of the force to depress the release pedal.
In addition, the brake mechanism described above is in a non-engagement relationship between the pressing member that is integrally displaced with the release pedal and the pressing member when the release pedal is displaced within a certain range, and the release pedal that exceeds the certain range. It is preferable to have an elastic member that engages with the pressing member due to the displacement of the elastic member and elastically deforms according to the displacement of the pressing member. In this case, by pressing the release pedal with a light force until the pressing member contacts the elastic member, the amount of operation with respect to the release device can be reduced. After the pressing member contacts the elastic member, the force is released with a stronger force. By depressing the pedal, the amount of operation for the release device can be increased.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the above-mentioned expansion / contraction mechanism further includes an adjusting unit that adjusts the positional relationship between the pressing member and the elastic member. In this case, the range in which the release pedal can be depressed with a light force can be adjusted.

  FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a stretcher according to the present invention, in which FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows the II line of 2. FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 1 is a plan view of FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the frame when the stretcher main body is in a bed state with the carriage omitted. FIG. 4 is a side view showing a bed state of the stretcher. FIG. 5 is a side view when the stretcher is switched to a chair state. FIG. 6 is a side view showing a state in which the stretcher body in the chair state is inclined with respect to the carriage. FIG. 7 is a central longitudinal sectional view showing an example of an expansion / contraction mechanism. FIG. 8 is a front view partially showing the shape of the screw of the telescopic mechanism. FIG. 9 is a plan view of the bevel gear of the telescopic mechanism. FIG. 10 is a side view of the bevel gear. FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the bevel gear. FIG. 12 shows the structure of an anti-rotation mechanism that supports the headrest. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XII-XII. FIG. 13 is a plan view of the rotation preventing mechanism. FIG. 14 is a bottom view of the rotation prevention mechanism. FIG. 15 is a plan view of the first cover of the rotation preventing mechanism. FIG. 16 is a front view of the first cover of the rotation preventing mechanism. FIG. 17 is a plan view of the second cover of the rotation preventing mechanism. FIG. 18 is a front view of the second cover of the rotation preventing mechanism. FIG. 19 is a plan view of a rotation preventing member of the rotation preventing mechanism. FIG. 20 is a front view of a rotation preventing member of the rotation preventing mechanism. FIG. 21 is a plan view of the wedge member of the rotation preventing mechanism. FIG. 22 is a front view of the wedge member of the rotation preventing mechanism. FIG. 23 is a side view showing a rotation preventing member applied to the headrest of the stretcher. FIG. 24 is a side view showing the rotation preventing member in a state where the headrest is lifted from the frame. FIG. 25 is a side view showing a state in which the headrest is most lifted from the frame. FIG. 26 is a plan view showing an outline of another form of the rotation preventing mechanism. FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-rotation mechanism in which a shaft is directly pressed by a wedge member. FIG. 28 is a perspective view of the stretcher body showing the retractable armrest device. FIG. 29 is a plan view showing a part of the armrest of the retractable armrest device. FIG. 30 is a side view showing a part of the armrest of the retractable armrest device. FIG. 31 is a top view which shows the armrest support | pillar of a retractable armrest apparatus. FIG. 32 is a side view showing an armrest column of the retractable armrest device. FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view showing a state before connection of the connecting means of the retractable armrest device. FIG. 34 is a sectional view showing a connected state of the connecting means of the retractable armrest device. FIG. 35 is a schematic view showing how the retractable armrest device is assembled. FIG. 36 is a schematic view showing the movement of the retractable armrest device. FIG. 37 is a view for explaining the movement of the lock mechanism provided in the expansion / contraction means of the retractable armrest device. FIG. 38 is a plan view showing an example of the structure of the support member attached to the stretcher, omitting the stretcher body and the carriage. FIG. 39 is a plan view of a core material of a headrest provided with a body support mechanism. FIG. 40 is FIG. 40 is a front view of the core material of the headrest shown in FIG. FIG. 41 is FIG. 42 is a bottom view of the core material of the headrest shown in FIG. FIG. 42 is a view showing the core material in the center of the headrest. 42A is a plan view, FIG. 42B is a front view. FIG. 43 is a view showing the core material of the left side (right side) of the headrest, FIG. 43A is a plan view, FIG. 43B is a front view. FIG. 44 is a diagram showing the flexible mechanism viewed from the plane and the right side surface, and the components constituting the flexible mechanism. FIG. 45 is a plan view of the flexible mechanism. FIG. 46 is a rear view of the flexible mechanism. FIG. 47 is a bottom view of the flexible mechanism. FIG. 48 is a figure which shows the shape of a fixed superposition | polymerization plate. FIG. 49 is a figure which shows the shape of a movable superposition | polymerization plate. FIG. 50 is a plan view showing a fixed side member to which a fixed overlapping plate is fixed and a tilting side member combined therewith. FIG. 51 is shown in FIG. FIG. 50 is a rear view of the fixed side member and the tilting side member shown in FIG. FIG. 52 is FIG. FIG. 50 is a bottom view of the fixed side member and the tilt side member shown in FIG. FIG. 53 is a figure which shows the fixed superposition | polymerization plate and movable superposition | polymerization plate which were provided on the base board. FIG. 54 is a front view showing an example of an expansion / contraction mechanism including a hydraulic cylinder. FIG. 55 is a front view showing a state in which the telescopic mechanism is operated. FIG. 56 is FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows the V-VI-V-VI line of 54. FIG. 57 is shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows the V-VII-V-VII line of 54. FIG. 58 is shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows the V-VIII-V-VIII line of 56. FIG. 59 is FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows the V-IX-V-IX line of 56. FIG. 60 is a side view for explaining the operation of the release link. FIG. 61 is a side view for explaining the operation of the brake mechanism. FIG. 62 is a side view showing a state in which a telescopic mechanism having a hydraulic cylinder is attached to a carriage. FIG. 63 is a front view showing the appearance of the hydraulic jack. FIG. 64 is a plan view of the hydraulic jack. FIG. 65 is FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows the VI-V-VI-V line of 64. FIG. 66 is FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows the VI-VI-VI-VI line of 64. FIG. 67 is a plan view showing another example of the structure of the support member attached to the stretcher. FIG. 68 is a schematic view showing a stretcher provided with a telescopic mechanism operated by a motor. FIG. 69 is a schematic front view showing another configuration example of the lifting link. FIG. 70 is shown in FIG. 69 is a schematic plan view of the lifting link shown in FIG.

FIG. 1 to FIG. 53 shows an embodiment of the stretcher of the present invention. This stretcher 1 that can be changed into a wheelchair has a stretcher body 2 that can be folded into a chair and a carriage 3 that supports the stretcher body 2, and has four rotation fulcrums forming a parallelogram. Of the four-joint parallel link mechanism 4 and the four-joint parallel link mechanism 4 that are fixed to the carriage 3 and that support the stretcher body 2 at a portion that translates relative to the carriage 3. It has an expansion / contraction mechanism 5 arranged in a positional relationship for rotating the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 by restricting rotation and expanding / contracting. FIG. 1 and FIG. In FIG. 2, the stretcher body 2 is not shown.
In this embodiment, the cart 3 has four wheels 31 on the front, rear, left, and right, and is configured to form a frame shape. More specifically, the carriage 3 in the present embodiment has two base members 32 with wheels 31 attached to the front and rear and arranged in parallel on both sides of the stretcher 1, and orthogonal to these base members 32. These base members 32 have a front connecting member 33 that connects the front and a rear connecting member 34 that connects the rear. The base member 32 and the front connecting member 33, and the base member 32 and the rear connecting member 34 are integrally fixed by, for example, welding or screwing, and constitute a frame-shaped carriage 3. The front connecting member 33 is formed, for example, by bending the vicinity of both ends so that the central portion 33a is positioned on the grounding surface side of the base member 32 so as not to hinder the rotating operation of the four-node parallel link mechanism 4. ing.
The link support member 41 plays a role of fixing the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 to the carriage 3. For example, in the present embodiment, two link support members 41 are attached to the rear connection member 34. For example, the link support member 41 is provided with a hole through which the rear connection member 34 passes, and the link support member 41 is connected to the rear connection member by, for example, screwing in a state where the rear connection member 34 is passed through the hole. 34 is fixed. The rear connecting member 34 has a non-circular cross section, for example, a substantially elliptical shape, so as to prohibit the rotation of the link support member 41, for example.
The four-node parallel link mechanism 4 in the present embodiment includes a first link member 42 and a second link member 43 that are rotatably supported by the link support member 41, and a link support member 41 of the first link member 42 and the second link member 43. And a third link member 44 that is connected to the free end side with a pair. A first support shaft 45 that rotatably supports the first link member 42 and a second support shaft 46 that rotatably supports the second link member 43 are attached between the two link support members 41. ing. The first support shaft 45 and the second support shaft 46 are arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the rear connecting member 34 and are fixed to the link support member 41 by, for example, screwing or the like. A third support shaft 47 is arranged in parallel with the first support shaft 45 on the free end side of the first link member 42 with respect to the link support member 41. Further, a fourth support shaft 48 is disposed in parallel with the second support shaft 46 on the free end side of the second link member 43 with respect to the link support member 41. The third link member 44 is provided with a hole through which the third support shaft 47 and the fourth support shaft 48 can rotate, and the third support shaft 47 and the fourth support shaft 48 pass through the hole. As a result, the third link members 44 are connected. The first link member 42 has a first cylindrical body 421 that is rotatably supported by the first support shaft 45 through the first support shaft 45, and a third support shaft 47 through which the third support shaft 47 passes. The 3rd cylinder 422 supported so that rotation is possible, and it is arranged so that it may intersect perpendicularly to the 1st spindle 45 and the 3rd spindle 47, and it connects the 1st cylinder 421 and the 3rd cylinder 422. And two first connecting rods 423. The first connecting rod 423 is formed in a pipe shape, for example, and is fixed to the first cylinder 421 and the third cylinder 422 by welding or the like. The second link member 43 has a configuration similar to that of the first link member 42, and the second cylindrical body 431 that is rotatably supported by the second support shaft 46 through the second support shaft 46; A fourth cylindrical body 432, through which the fourth support shaft 48 passes and is rotatably supported by the fourth support shaft 48, is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the second support shaft 46 and the fourth support shaft 48. It has two parallel connecting rods 433 that connect the two cylinders 431 and the fourth cylinder 432. The second connecting rod 433 is formed in a pipe shape, for example, and is fixed to the second cylinder body 431 and the fourth cylinder body 432 by welding or the like. The first to fourth support shafts 45, 46, 47, and 48 that serve as the rotation fulcrum form a parallelogram, and the link support member 41, the first link member 42, the second link member 43, and the third link member 44 form four nodes A parallel link mechanism 4 is configured.
The expansion / contraction mechanism 5 functions to receive and support the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 that is about to rotate by a load acting on the stretcher body 2 to restrict the rotation of the four-node parallel link mechanism 4, and to expand / contract 4 by expanding and contracting. The joint parallel link mechanism 4 is rotated to adjust the height of the stretcher body 2 with respect to the carriage 3. The load acting on the stretcher body 2 corresponds to, for example, the weight of the stretcher body 2 and the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 plus the weight of a person or object placed on the stretcher body 2.
The expansion / contraction mechanism 5 can support and support the rotation of the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 by receiving and supporting the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 that is about to rotate by a load acting on the stretcher body 2. The four-joint parallel link mechanism 4 is disposed at a position where the four-joint parallel link mechanism 4 can be rotated by expanding and contracting. For example, in the telescopic mechanism 5 in this embodiment, one end side is rotatably attached to the third support shaft 47 and the other end side is rotatably attached to the link support member 41. However, the position where the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 is attached is not limited to this example.
The link support member 41 in the present embodiment also has a role of supporting the expansion / contraction mechanism 5. In this case, compared with the case where the member which supports the expansion-contraction mechanism 5 is separately provided in the trolley | bogie 3, there exist effects, such as reduction of a number of parts. A fifth support shaft 50 that rotatably supports the telescopic mechanism 5 is attached between the two link support members 41 in a positional relationship that is parallel to the first support shaft 45 and the second support shaft 46. The fifth spindle 50 is fixed to the link support member 41 by screwing or the like, for example. Further, for example, in the present embodiment, the first support shaft 45, the second support shaft 46, and the fifth support shaft 50 are attached to the link support member 41 so that the points serving as the respective rotation centers are aligned on a straight line. The link support member 41 is attached to the base member 32 such that its longitudinal direction is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the base member 32, and the fifth support shaft 50 → second support is provided rearward and upward. The shaft 46 is arranged in the order of the first support shaft 45. For this reason, the telescopic mechanism 5 is substantially V-shaped with respect to the link support member 41 and receives and supports the four-node parallel link mechanism 4. The telescopic mechanism 5 is disposed between the first connecting rod 423, the second connecting rod 433, and the third link member 44.
The expansion / contraction mechanism 5 is a member that moves integrally with the stretcher body 2 or the stretcher body 2 while receiving a load acting on the stretcher body 2, for example, in this embodiment, a connection point to the third support shaft 47, the carriage 3 or Any member can be used as long as the distance between the member integrated with the carriage 3, for example, the connection point with respect to the fifth support shaft 50 in this embodiment can be expanded and contracted. For example, in this embodiment, the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 using a screw structure is employed. More specifically, the telescopic mechanism 5 in this embodiment is, for example, FIG. 7, a base 51, a moving part 52 movable with respect to the base 51, a screw moving mechanism 53 provided between the base 51 and the moving part 52 and moving the moving part 52 by rotating, An actuating mechanism 54 that is attached to the base 51 and rotates the screw moving mechanism 53 is provided. However, the structure of the telescopic mechanism 5 is not limited to this example.
The screw moving mechanism 53 includes a screw rod 531 attached to the base 51 and arranged in the axial direction of the base 51, and a slider 532 attached to the moving portion 52 and screwed with the screw rod 531. The actuate mechanism 54 includes a first bevel gear 541 that rotates the screw rod 531 and at least one second bevel gear 542 that meshes with the first bevel gear 541. The base 51 is, for example, a large-diameter pipe, and the moving unit 52 is, for example, a small-diameter pipe. The moving part 52 is inserted in the base part 51 so that it can appear and disappear. A sliding sleeve 55 that slidably supports the moving portion 52 is fitted into the end of the base portion 51 on the moving portion 52 side. The sliding sleeve 55 of the present embodiment abuts on the slider 532 at the maximum extension position of the moving part 52 and also has a function of defining the maximum extension position of the moving part 52. The end of the base 51 that is a counter electrode with the sliding sleeve 55 is closed by fitting a base end member 56. The base end member 56 is provided with an actuating mechanism 54. On the other hand, the slider 532 of the screw moving mechanism 53 is fitted into the end of the moving unit 52 on the base 51 side. An eighth cylinder 57 through which the third support shaft 47 penetrates rotatably is fixed, for example, by welding or the like, at the end of the moving portion 52 that is a counter electrode with the slider 532. Near the end of the base 51, two ninth cylinders 58 into which two fifth support shafts 50 arranged on both sides are rotatably fitted are fixed by, for example, welding.
The actuating mechanism 54 is rotatably attached so as to mesh with the first bevel gear 541 attached to the base end member 56 so as to be rotatable in the axial direction of the base portion 51. A second bevel gear 542 is provided. One second bevel gear 542 is provided, for example, and meshes with the first bevel gear 541 at an axial angle, that is, a crossing angle of 90 degrees. The first and second bevel gears 541 and 542 are bevel gears having the same tooth shape. However, the first bevel gear 541 has a larger diameter and a larger number of teeth than the second bevel gear 542. For example, when the first bevel gear 541 makes one rotation, the second bevel gear 542 makes about two rotations, preferably 1.3 rotations. That is, for example, when the second bevel gear 542 rotates 1.3 times, the screw rod 531 rotates once.
The tooth portions of the first and second bevel gears 541 and 542 are shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, the tooth root 501 has a conical angle, whereas the tooth crest includes a surface 500a parallel to the rotation axis and a surface 500b orthogonal to the surface 500a. That is, the valley portion that becomes the tooth bottom 501 is formed along a conical surface, but the tooth crest is a triangle formed by a cylindrical surface 500a such as a crown gear and a plane 500b orthogonal to the rotation axis. It has a shaped face. By forming the tooth portions of the first and second bevel gears 541 and 542 in this way, the tooth crest can be made higher than the tooth bottom at the outer diameter portion, and the meshing surfaces can be widened in a triangular shape. It is possible to transmit a large torque. Further, the tooth is partly cut down on the inner diameter side near the surface 500b so that the teeth mesh smoothly, but in some cases, the tooth may not be cut down. That is, the first and second bevel gears 541 and 542 can be made small and capable of transmitting a large torque.
On the bottom surface of the first bevel gear 541, for example, a hexagonal hole 541a which is a hexagonal hole is formed. The upper end portion 531a of the screw rod 531 is formed with an attachment portion that fits into the hexagon hole 541a, and the attachment portion is inserted into the hexagon hole 541a. The upper end portion 531a of the screw rod 531 is formed in a shaft shape having a circular cross section, for example, and is supported by the thrust bearing 561 and provided with a pin 562 for preventing the engagement to engage with the thrust bearing 561. The screw rod 531 and the first bevel gear 541 may be integrated by, for example, fixing the screw rod 531 and the shaft portion 541b of the first bevel gear 541 with a screw that penetrates. good. As a result, the screw rod 531 is rotatably attached to the base end member 56 and rotates integrally with the first bevel gear 541. On the other hand, the second bevel gear 542 is rotatably supported by a support member 563 that is fixed to the base end member 56 by screwing or the like. For example, a C-ring 564 for preventing removal is attached to a portion of the second bevel gear 542 exposed from the support member 563.
The screw teeth formed on the screw rod 531 are, for example, FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the cross-sectional shape is a trapezoid. Thus, it becomes easy to transmit a big torque by making the cross-sectional shape of a tooth into a trapezoid. Further, since the cross-sectional shape of the teeth is trapezoidal, the screw rod 531 does not rotate even when the axial force of the screw rod 531 acts on the slider 532. Therefore, the screw moving mechanism 53 is not reversed by the load acting on the stretcher body 2 and the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 is naturally contracted, and a complicated mechanism for maintaining the height is not required. On the other hand, an internal thread portion 533 that meshes with the threaded rod 531 is fixed inside the slider 532 by, for example, screwing. Therefore, when the screw rod 531 rotates, the slider 532 moves up and down along the screw rod 531 to move the moving portion 52 in the axial direction of the base portion 51.
The second bevel gear 542 in the actuate mechanism 54 is connected to, for example, the handle portion 59, and is configured such that the second bevel gear 542 rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the handle portion 59. Here, the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 in the present embodiment rotates together with the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 by an expansion / contraction operation. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the handle portion 59 and the actuating mechanism 54 are connected using a universal shaft joint in order to give a rotational input to the second bevel gear 542 while following the rotating telescopic mechanism 5. ing. For example, the shaft portion 542a of the second bevel gear 542 and one end of the connecting shaft 591 are connected by the first universal shaft joint 592, and the other end of the connecting shaft 591 and the handle portion 59 are connected to the second portion. They are connected by a universal shaft joint 593. The first universal shaft joint 592 and the second universal shaft joint 593 are, for example, well-known cruciform universal shaft joints. The handle portion 59 has a rotation shaft rotatably attached to the cover body 594, and the cover body 594 is fixed to the rear connection member 34 by welding or the like so as to cover the connection shaft 591.
Furthermore, for example, in this embodiment, in order to reduce the operation force accompanying the expansion / contraction operation of the expansion / contraction mechanism 5, an auxiliary force is generated in the direction in which the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 is extended or the stretcher body 2 is lifted with respect to the carriage 3. Auxiliary means is provided. The auxiliary means of this embodiment is, for example, a spring that stores a restoring force to the original state by elastic deformation. For example, in this embodiment, auxiliary means is built in the base 51 of the telescopic mechanism 5. In this case, there is an advantage that the spring as the auxiliary means is not visible from the outside, the appearance is good, and an accident such as a hand being caught in the spring as the auxiliary means can be prevented. For example, a compression coil spring 510 as an auxiliary means is disposed between a flange 565 provided on the base end member 56 and a flange 532 a provided on the outer periphery of the slider 532. The flanges 565 and 532a are set in consideration of, for example, the maximum extension position and the maximum contraction position of the moving unit 52. However, the position where the auxiliary means is disposed may be a position where an auxiliary force can be generated in the direction in which the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 is extended or the stretcher body 2 is lifted with respect to the carriage 3, and is limited to the above example. It is not a thing.
The stretcher body 2 is attached to a portion of the four-bar parallel link mechanism 4 that moves in parallel with the carriage 3. For example, in this embodiment, the stretcher body 2 is attached to the third support shaft 47 and the fourth support shaft 48. Therefore, the stretcher body 2 moves in parallel with the carriage 3 by the rotation of the four-node parallel link mechanism 4. That is, the second bevel gear 542 is rotated by the rotation operation of the handle portion 59, whereby the first bevel gear 541 is rotated and the screw rod 531 is rotated. Thereby, the slider 532 moves along the screw rod 531, the moving part 52 moves in the axial direction, and the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 extends or contracts. As the telescopic mechanism 5 expands and contracts, the four-bar parallel link mechanism 4 rotates, and the stretcher body 2 moves up or down in parallel to the carriage 3.
According to the lifting mechanism of the stretcher 1, the height can be adjusted with a light handle operating force even when a strong load is applied to the stretcher body 2, for example, when a patient is placed on the stretcher 1. . By using the auxiliary means, the operation force is further reduced. Further, since the screw rod 531 does not rotate even if a sliding force is applied to the slider 532, the stretcher body 2 is not lowered by the load acting on the stretcher body 2, and the height is maintained. No complicated mechanism is required. Furthermore, since the telescopic mechanism 5 of the present embodiment does not require electricity, there is no danger of being unable to operate because the power cannot be taken in an emergency.
Next, the stretcher body 2 will be described. The stretcher body 2 in the present embodiment can be moved in accordance with FIG. 4 with a flat upper surface shown in FIG. The seat can be changed to the seatable chair shown in FIG. In this embodiment, in order to enable such a change in the shape of the stretcher body 2, a frame is formed by a frame 20 made of a round pipe assembled in a foldable manner. According to this frame 20, the rotating mechanism can be constituted by a rotating pair such as a hinge formed of round pipes having different diameters, and the extending / contracting mechanism can be constituted by a sliding pair constituted by pipes having different diameters.
In the frame 20 in the present embodiment, for example, a back portion 21, a seat portion 22, and a leg portion 23 are connected to each other so as to be bendable. . In addition, when the stretcher 1 whose form has been changed to a bed is mainly shown only by the frame 20, FIG. It becomes like 3.
For example, the back portion 21 connects the two first vertical pipes 210 arranged in parallel, the first base plate 211 that connects the first vertical pipes 210, and the lower end side of the first vertical pipe 210 and the first part. The first horizontal pipe 212 is rotatably supported by the bending shaft 11. In addition, the intermediate pipe 213 is fixed to a substantially intermediate position of the first vertical pipe 210 by, for example, welding or the like in a direction orthogonal to the first vertical pipe 210 and toward the outside with respect to the first vertical pipe 210. ing. A substantially U-shaped first pushing pipe 214 is fixed to the intermediate pipe 213, and an armrest 73 is rotatably attached to the end of the intermediate pipe 213.
Further, for example, the seat portion 22 includes two second vertical pipes 220 having one end side rotatably supported by the first bending shaft 11 and the other end side rotatably supported by the second bending shaft 12, A second horizontal pipe 221 that connects the two vertical pipes 220 on the first bent shaft 11 side, a third horizontal pipe 222 that connects the second vertical pipe 220 on the second bent shaft 12 side, and a second horizontal pipe 221 on one end side. Two first support pipes 223 that are fixed to the other end and rotatably supported by the third support shaft 47, and one end side is rotatably supported by the third support shaft 47 and the other end is the second end. And two second support pipes 224 that are rotatably supported by the bending shaft 12. The first support pipe 223 and the second support pipe 224 are fixed to a fifth cylinder 225 that is rotatably attached to the third support shaft 47 so as to form a substantially V shape in a side view.
For example, the leg portion 23 includes two third vertical pipes 230 whose one end side is rotatably supported by the second bending shaft 12, and a second base plate 231 that connects the third vertical pipes 230. Composed.
Furthermore, the frame 20 in this embodiment includes an interlocking mechanism 24 that interlocks the back portion 21 and the leg portion 23. The interlocking mechanism 24 includes, for example, two first interlocking tools 240 fixed to the first horizontal pipe 212, two second interlocking tools 241 rotatably supported on the second bending shaft 12, and a first interlocking mechanism. Two interlocking links 242 that connect the tool 240 and the second interlocking tool 241, and a fourth horizontal pipe 243 that is arranged to engage with the second interlocking tool 241 and is fixed to the third vertical pipe 230. It is comprised.
A first interlocking shaft 244 having an axial direction parallel to the first bending shaft 11 is fixed to the first interlocking tool 240, and the second interlocking tool 241 has an axial direction parallel to the second bending shaft 12. The second interlocking shaft 245 having the same is fixed. One end of the interlocking link 242 is rotatably supported by the first interlocking shaft 244, and the other end is rotatably supported by the second interlocking shaft 245. The fourth horizontal pipe 243 is disposed so as to be orthogonal to the third vertical pipe 230, and is fixed to the grounding surface side of the two third vertical pipes 230 in the vicinity of the second bending shaft 12 by welding or the like. . The fourth horizontal pipe 243 comes into contact with the second interlocking tool 241 by the weight of the leg portion 23.
For example, in the present embodiment, the rotation centers of the first bending shaft 11, the second bending shaft 12, the first interlocking shaft 244, and the second interlocking shaft 245 are set to form a parallelogram in a side view. The first vertical pipe 210 and the third vertical pipe 230 are set so that their longitudinal directions are parallel. Therefore, when the back portion 21 rotates about the first bending shaft 11, the first interlocking tool 240 also rotates integrally with the back portion 21 and rotates about the first bending shaft 11. The rotation operation is transmitted to the second interlocking tool 241 via the interlocking link 242, and the second interlocking tool 241 rotates around the second bending shaft 12 while pushing the fourth horizontal pipe 243. As a result, the leg portion 23 rotates around the second bending shaft 12. That is, the leg portion 23 also rotates about the second bending axis 12 by the amount that the back portion 21 rotates about the first bending axis 11.
Further, for example, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment includes a deformation control mechanism 25 that restricts free rotation of the back portion 21. The deformation control mechanism 25 includes, for example, a third interlocking tool 250 fixed to the first horizontal pipe 212, and a deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 that connects the third interlocking tool 250 and the third horizontal pipe 222. Configured. The third interlocking tool 250 is fixed at the center of the first horizontal pipe 212.
The deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 can be expanded / contracted between a preset maximum length and the shortest length, and can be fixed at an arbitrary length between the maximum length and the shortest length. As such a deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251, for example, in the present embodiment, the cylinder portion 251 a, the rod portion 251 b that is incorporated in the cylinder portion 251 a so as to be extendable / contracted, and the rod portion 251 b inside the cylinder portion 251 a are arranged. A so-called not-shown coil spring, and a so-called operation means (not shown) that switches between a locked state in which the coil spring is wound around the rod portion 251b and a loosely unlocked state. A so-called mechanical lock is used. Therefore, if the coil spring is loosened by the operating means, the rod portion 251b can be expanded and contracted between the maximum length and the shortest length, and if the coil spring is tightened by the operating means, the rod portion 251b is locked so as not to expand and contract. However, the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 may be any mechanism that can expand and contract and can be locked, and the structure thereof is not limited to the example of the present embodiment. For example, a well-known gas spring with a lock mechanism may be employed as the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251. A gas spring with a lock mechanism is a cylinder device that contains gas inside, and has a valve that opens and closes the movement path of the enclosed fluid and an operating means such as a lever that opens and closes the valve, allowing movement of the enclosed fluid. By doing so, the lock can be expanded and contracted, and the locked fluid cannot be expanded and contracted by prohibiting the movement of the sealed fluid.
For example, a third interlocking shaft 252 that is coaxial with the first interlocking shaft 244 is fixed to the third interlocking tool 250, and the cylinder portion 251 a of the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 is rotatable about the third interlocking shaft 252. Supported. In addition, a set of brackets 253 is fixed to the third horizontal pipe 222 by welding or the like, for example, and a rod portion 251b of the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 is rotatably supported on an axis fixed to the bracket 253. .
Therefore, when the length of the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 is fixed, the second vertical pipe 220, the third interlocking tool 250, and the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 form a triangular fixed link, and the third interlocking tool. The rotation of the first horizontal pipe 212 integrated with 250 around the first bending axis 11 is locked. Therefore, the back portion 21 and the leg portion 23 are positioned. On the other hand, if the rod portion 251b can be freely expanded and contracted by operating the operating means (not shown), the lock of the first horizontal pipe 212 is released, and the back portion 21 can rotate about the first bending shaft 11. That is, the stretcher body 2 can be appropriately transformed into a chair state or a desired link lining position or bed state. For example, in the present embodiment, the stretcher body 2 is set to be in a bed state when the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 has the shortest length. In order to obtain an appropriate reaction force when the stretcher 1 is deformed, means for accumulating the return force to the original position by displacing, for example, a spring, around the rod portion 251b or inside the cylinder portion 251a or the third interlocking shaft. You may make it provide between 252 and the axis | shaft fixed to the bracket 253. FIG. Further, a shock absorber that generates resistance to the expansion / contraction operation of the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251, for example, a well-known oil damper having a speed proportional type attenuation may be provided.
Further, for example, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment includes an angle adjustment mechanism 26 that adjusts the inclination of the stretcher body 2 with respect to the carriage 3. The angle adjustment mechanism 26 includes a tilt expansion / contraction mechanism 260 that couples the fourth support shaft 48 and the second bending shaft 12, and a shock absorber 261 that generates resistance to the expansion / contraction operation of the tilt expansion / contraction mechanism 260. Configured.
The tilting expansion / contraction mechanism 260 is a mechanism that can expand and contract between a preset maximum length and the shortest length, and can be fixed at an arbitrary length between the maximum length and the shortest length. As such a tilting expansion / contraction mechanism 260, for example, in this embodiment, similarly to the above-described deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251, a cylinder portion 260a, a rod portion 260b that can be expanded and contracted in the cylinder portion 260a, and a cylinder portion Switching between a coil spring (not shown) disposed around the rod portion 260b in the interior of 260a, and a locked state in which the coil spring is wound around the rod portion 260b and a loose unlocked state are omitted. A so-called mechanical lock constituted by operating means and the like is employed. The tilt expansion / contraction mechanism 260 only needs to be a mechanism that can be expanded and contracted and can be locked, and the structure thereof is not limited to the example of the present embodiment. For example, the well-known gas spring with a lock mechanism described above may be adopted as the tilt expansion / contraction mechanism 260.
The rod portion 260b of the tilting expansion / contraction mechanism 260 is fixed to the sixth cylindrical body 262 rotatably supported by the second bending shaft 12 by screwing or welding. The cylinder portion 260a of the tilting expansion / contraction mechanism 260 is fixed to the seventh cylindrical body 263 rotatably supported by the fourth support shaft 48 by screwing or welding. The shock absorber 261 is an oil damper which is a known viscous damper having, for example, a speed proportional type damping. The oil damper 261 is disposed, for example, so that the expansion / contraction direction is parallel to the tilt expansion / contraction mechanism 260. A set of brackets 264 for attaching the oil damper 261 is fixed to the sixth cylinder 262, and a shaft for rotatably supporting the piston portion 261b of the oil damper 261 is fixed between the brackets 264. Yes. A fixing tool 265 for attaching the oil damper 261 is fixed to the seventh cylinder 263 by, for example, welding, and the cylinder portion 261a of the oil damper 261 is fixed to the fixing tool 265 by, for example, screwing.
Accordingly, when the length of the tilt expansion / contraction mechanism 260 is fixed, the second support pipe 224, the third link member 44, and the tilt expansion / contraction mechanism 260 form a triangular fixed link, and the seat portion 22 is the carriage 3. Fixed against. In this embodiment, it is set so that the second vertical pipe 220 is horizontal, that is, the seat portion 22 is horizontal when the tilting expansion / contraction mechanism 260 has the shortest length. On the other hand, if the rod 260b can be freely expanded and contracted by operating the operating means (not shown), FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the stretcher body 2 can be tilted with respect to the carriage 3 by extending the tilting expansion / contraction mechanism 260. Then, the stretcher body 2 can be fixed to the carriage 3 with a desired inclination. Further, due to the action of the oil damper 261, resistance is generated when the tilting expansion / contraction mechanism 260 is expanded / contracted, so that the stretcher main body 2 is prevented from being rapidly inclined with respect to the carriage 3. Thereby, dangers, such as a patient fall, can be prevented.
The stretcher 1 in this embodiment includes a headrest 13 that supports a patient's head. The headrest 13 is attached to a first slide plate 130 configured to be slidable with respect to the first base plate 211. Thereby, the position of the headrest 13 can be adjusted. The first slide plate 130 is slidably disposed with the two first vertical pipes 210 and the first base plate 211 as slide guides. In order to increase the rigidity, the side end portion of the first slide plate 130 is bent to form a rib.
The first base plate 211 and the first slide plate 130 are positioned by, for example, a first tightening screw 131 that passes through the first base plate 211 and the first slide plate 130 that are overlapped with each other. The first slide plate 130 is provided with a first long groove 132 in which the first tightening screw 131 is slidable in the sliding direction, and within a range defined by the first long groove 132, the first slide plate 130 is The first base plate 211 can be slid. The first tightening screw 131 is fixed integrally with a first operation knob 133 disposed on the back side of the first base plate 211 and is rotatably attached to the first base plate 211. The first female screw portion 134 that is screwed into the first tightening screw 131 is prohibited from rotating by being sandwiched between ribs provided on both side ends of the first slide plate 130, for example. Accordingly, the first slide plate 130 is fixed to the first base plate 211 by frictional force by tightening the first tightening screw 131 with the first operation knob 133. A head bracket 135 to which the headrest 13 is attached is fixed to the upper end portion of the first slide plate 130 by welding or the like. A frame-like second hand pushing pipe 136 that is curved toward the back side is fixed to the head bracket 135 by welding or the like.
Moreover, the stretcher 1 in this embodiment is also provided with the footrest 14 which supports a patient's step. The footrest 14 is attached to a second slide plate 140 configured to be slidable with respect to the second base plate 231. Thereby, the position of the footrest 14 can be adjusted. The structure of the second base plate 231 and the second slide plate 140 includes, for example, a second tightening screw 141, a second long groove 142, a second operation knob 143, and a second female screw portion 144. The structure is the same as that of the first slide plate 130. A foot support portion 145 is fixed to the lower end portion of the second slide plate 140 by welding or the like. The foot support 145 is formed so as to protrude about the thickness of the footrest 14 in a direction orthogonal to the third vertical pipe 230 and in a direction in which the patient's toe faces, and the foot support portion 145 is supported by the protruding tip portion. The shaft 146 is fixed. A foot frame 147 serving as a core material of the footrest 14 is rotatably attached to the foot support shaft 146. For example, the foot frame 147 is set so as to be able to rotate about 90 degrees between a position where it abuts on the third vertical pipe 230 and a position where it abuts on the foot support 145. Thereby, the footrest 14 is configured to be foldable.
Further, for example, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 12-FIG. As shown in FIG. 27, the headrest 13 has a structure capable of adjusting the depth and angle. More specifically, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment includes a first head support shaft 62a fixed to the head bracket 135, a second head support shaft 62b provided on the headrest 13, and a first head support shaft 62a. The depth and angle of the headrest 13 can be changed by a support arm 63 rotatably attached to the second head support shaft 62b.
The stretcher 1 according to this embodiment includes a rotation preventing member 66 having a pressed inclined portion 64 and a pressing portion 65, a wedge member 68 having a pressing inclined portion 67, and load applying means 69 for applying a load to the wedge member 68. An anti-rotation mechanism 61 is provided, and the angle of the support arm 63 around the first head support shaft 62a and the angle of the headrest 13 with respect to the support arm 63 can be fixed simultaneously.
The headrest 13 is shown in FIG. 23-FIG. 25, it is rotatably attached to the distal end side of a support arm 63 that can rotate around the first head support shaft 62a, so that the frame 20 of the stretcher 1 can move in the front-rear direction when in a wheelchair, It is possible to move up and down in the bed state and to adjust the inclination of the holding surface of the headrest 13 itself, that is, the surface holding the patient's head. For example, the first head support shaft 62a made of a pipe is fixed to the head bracket 135 by welding or the like, and the support arm 63 is rotatably attached to the first head support shaft 62a.
A pair of left and right brackets 614 are provided on the back surface, which is the surface opposite to the holding surface of the headrest 13. The bracket 614 is bent on the headrest 13 side, and the bent portion is fixed to the back surface of the headrest 13 with two screws 615 in total on the left and right sides. A second head support shaft 62b made of a pipe or the like is integrated with the left and right brackets 614 by welding or the like.
The support arm 63 is a member that is rotatably attached to the first head support shaft 62a at the proximal end side and rotatably supports the headrest 13 at the distal end side, and the relative rotation motion of both the shafts 62a and 62b by the rotation prevention mechanism 61. The headrest 13 is fixed at a desired position and angle, or the relative rotation motion of both the shafts 62a and 62b is allowed to change the position of the headrest 13 and the angle of the holding surface.
The support arm 63 has a first cover 616 and a second cover 617 that are substantially divided into two parts, and includes a rotation preventing member 66, a wedge member 68, and a load applying means 69. The pair of covers 616 and 617 have a semicircular recess, and are combined with the cover on the other side to form shaft holes 63a and 63b that rotatably support the shafts 62a and 62b. In the present embodiment, a bolt 69a and a nut 69b are used as the load applying means 69, and the pressing inclined portion 67 of the wedge member 68 is pressed against the pressed inclined portion 64 of the rotation preventing member 66 using these tightening forces. ing.
The rotation preventing member 66 is a member that presses the shafts 62a and 62b and tightens the shafts 62a and 63b with the bearing surfaces of the shaft holes 63a and 63b to prevent rotational movement of the shafts 62a and 62b. 19, FIG. As shown in FIG. 20, it has a pressed inclined portion 64 that receives a pressing force and a pressing portion 65 that is pressed against the peripheral surfaces of the shafts 62a and 62b. FIG. 19, FIG. 20, the rotation preventing member 66 on the first head support shaft 62a side is illustrated. FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, the rotation preventing member 66 has a pair of symmetrical members arranged at symmetrical positions with respect to the two shafts 62a and 62b.
The pressed inclined portion 64 of the rotation preventing member 66 is shown in FIG. 12 is a slope that is provided so as to come into contact with the wedge member 68 and receives the pressing force from the wedge member 68 to move the rotation preventing member 66 toward the first head support shaft 62a or the second head support shaft 62b. is there. In the case of the present embodiment, the inclined portion 64 to be pressed is a flat surface whose inclination angle is equal to the inclination angle of the pressing inclined portion 67 and is in surface contact with the pressing inclined portion 67. Further, the pressing portion 65 that contacts the outer peripheral surfaces of the first head support shaft 62a and the second head support shaft 62b tightens the first head support shaft 62a and the second head support shaft 62b to the extent that they cannot rotate. A shape capable of generating an appropriate frictional force, for example, a substantially semicircular concave curved surface corresponding to the outer peripheral shape of the first head support shaft 62a and the second head support shaft 62b as in the present embodiment, and the shafts 62a and 62b A shape in which a large contact area is secured is preferable.
The wedge member 68 has a pressing inclined portion 67 that presses the pressed inclined portion 64 of the rotation preventing member 66 while sliding. The wedge member generated between the pressing inclined portion 67 and the pressed inclined portion 64 causes the rotation preventing member 66 to be It is a member pressed against the shafts 62a and 62b. The wedge member 68 of the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 21, FIG. 22 is a substantially trapezoidal member when viewed from the front, which has a rectangular shape in plan view and is provided with a pair of symmetrical pressing inclined portions 67 on the surfaces of the shafts 62a and 62b. The pressing inclined portion 67 has a flat surface as shown in the figure, and is formed so as to be in surface contact with the pressed inclined portion 64. Further, a through hole 68a through which the threaded portion of the bolt 69a passes is provided at the center of the wedge member 68. A part of the through-hole 68a, for example, the upper half, is a substantially rectangular recess 611 larger than the through-hole 68a. It can be accommodated in an impossible state. In the present embodiment, FIG. 12, the nut 69 b is dropped into the recess 611.
The bolt 69 a and the nut 69 b functioning as the load applying means 69 apply a load so as to press the wedge member 68 against the pressed inclined portion 64 of the rotation preventing member 66. In the case of the present embodiment, the head of the bolt 69a is connected to the FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, it has a butterfly shape so that it can be manually tightened or loosened. A resin washer 618 is provided between the head of the bolt 69a and the second cover 617 for the purpose of ensuring ease of slipping.
Also, FIG. 15-FIG. As shown in FIG. 18, the covers 616 and 617 are provided with through holes 621 and 623 having seats 622 and 624 through which a thread portion of a bolt 619 for fastening the cover can pass. In the case of this embodiment, a bolt 619 is passed through each of the through holes 621 and 623 in a state where the covers 616 and 617 are combined, and the covers 616 and 617 are assembled by fitting with the nuts 620. The seat 622 of the nut 620 is, for example, FIG. 13, the wall surface is in contact with the side surface of the nut 620 and is formed so as to prevent the nut 620 from rotating.
At the center of the second cover 617, a through hole 610 is provided for allowing the threaded portion of the bolt 69a to pass therethrough. Although this through-hole 610 may be a round hole, it is preferably a long hole extending perpendicularly to both shafts 62a and 62b as in the present embodiment. In such a case, since the bolt 69a can be stroked in the long hole, the wedge member 68 can be moved toward and away from the shafts 62a and 62b by this stroke. Therefore, even if a bias occurs, for example, the pressing force on one rotation preventing member 66 is smaller than the pressing force on the other rotation preventing member 66 due to the shape error of the rotation preventing member 66 or the wedge member 68. The wedge member 68 strokes to absorb and equalize the bias of the pressing force, and press the rotation preventing member 66 against the first head support shaft 62a and the second head support shaft 62b with substantially equal force. For this reason, according to the rotation prevention mechanism 61 of this embodiment, it is possible to make both the shafts 62a and 62b relatively unrotatable almost simultaneously, or to allow relative rotation almost simultaneously.
The rotation prevention mechanism 61 in the stretcher 1 of this embodiment functions as follows.
First, when both shafts 62 a and 62 b are not tightened, the support arm 63 can rotate with respect to the frame 20, and the headrest 13 can rotate with respect to the support arm 63. Therefore, the headrest 13 is connected to the FIG. 24 and FIG. As shown in FIG. 25, it can be moved in the front-rear direction while maintaining a constant inclination. Alternatively, an arbitrary inclination can be set at an arbitrary position.
Here, the headrest 13 is moved to a desired position, and if the holding surface can be adjusted to a desired angle, the bolt 69a is turned and tightened while maintaining the position and inclination. As a result, the wedge member 68 is pulled toward the head side of the bolt 69a, and the pressing inclined portion 67 of the wedge member 68 contacts the pressed inclined portion 64 of the rotation preventing member 66 and presses while sliding. Then, each rotation preventing member 66 receives the pressing force and moves outward, and the pressing portion 65 presses the first head supporting shaft 62a and the second head supporting shaft 62b, and these shaft shafts 63a, 63b The shafts 62a and 62b are tightened to prevent relative rotation. At this time, since both the shafts 62a and 62b are tightened almost simultaneously with substantially equal force, the support arm 63 and the headrest 13 can be fixed simultaneously only by the operation of tightening the bolt 69a. Directional positioning and tilt adjustment can be performed simultaneously. Further, since the bolt 69a and the nut 69b are less likely to loosen naturally and the shafts 62a and 62b are maintained in a tightened state, the headrest 13 is fixed at a desired position and angle and supports the head. There is no such thing as moving unexpectedly.
On the other hand, by loosening the tightened bolt 69a, the pressing force is released, and the support arm 63 and the headrest 13 can be rotated again. Therefore, in this state, the front-rear position and the inclination of the headrest 13 can be adjusted again.
In the above-described example, the pressed inclined portion 64 and the pressed inclined portion 67 are both flat surfaces, but this is only a preferable example. It will never be done. For example, the inclined portions 4 and 7 are curved surfaces approximating a flat surface. As a result, even if the wedge member 68 is not a perfect trapezoid but has a shape approximate to this, the relative relationship between the shafts 62a and 62b is sufficient. It is possible to prevent rotation.
Furthermore, in the above-described example, the pressing portion 65 of the rotation preventing member 66 is formed of a substantially semicircular concave curved surface that matches the outer peripheral shape of the shafts 62a and 62b. However, the shape is not particularly limited to such a shape. The shaft 62a, 62b may be in surface contact with the shaft 62a, 62b or may be in line contact as long as an appropriate frictional force can be exerted between the shafts 62a, 62b. Further, an elastomer such as rubber that is elastically deformed in a pressed state may be provided on the pressing portion 65 and brought into contact with the peripheral surfaces of the shafts 62a and 62b. Alternatively, although not particularly illustrated, the shafts 62a and 62b are relatively connected by providing shallow contact irregularities extending in the axial direction on the contact surface of the pressing portion 65 and the peripheral surfaces of the shafts 62a and 62b, and engaging each other in the pressed state. It is also possible to reliably prevent rotation. When such irregularities are provided, the shafts 62 a and 62 b rotate relative to the support arm 63 in a stepwise manner.
Further, the wedge member 68 is not limited to the one having the pressing inclined portion 67 on the side surface and pressing the rotation preventing member 66 to the outside. You may press on an outer peripheral side. For example, FIG. In the case of a gate shape straddling both shafts 62a and 62b as shown in the wedge member 68 shown in FIG. It is possible to tighten 62a and 62b.
In this embodiment, the wedge member 68 and the second cover 617 are sandwiched between the bolt 69a and the nut 69b so that a load is applied, and the wedge action is naturally released by loosening. In such a configuration, for example, a return spring such as a coil spring may be provided between the wedge member 68 and the second cover 617 to positively release the pressing force that causes the wedge action.
Moreover, the form which gives a load with respect to the wedge member 68 is not restricted to what sandwiches the wedge member 68 and the 2nd cover 617 with the volt | bolt 69a and the nut 69b. For example, it is possible to apply the load in such a manner that the wedge member 68 is pushed in by utilizing the action of moving the nut 69b in the direction in which the nut 69b is released when the right-hand bolt 69a is reversely rotated.
Furthermore, for example, FIG. As shown in FIG. 27, the shafts 62 a and 62 b can be directly tightened by the pressing inclined portion 67 of the wedge member 68. In this case, the wedge member 68 strongly presses the shafts 62 a and 62 b by the wedge action produced by the pressing inclined portion 67 and is clamped between the support arm 63 to prevent relative rotation. Further, in this case, the shafts 62a and 62b are tightened by the wedge member 68, but an elastomer such as rubber is provided on the surface of the pressing inclined portion 67 to indirectly tighten the shaft 62a, The relative rotation of 62b may be reliably prevented. FIG. In FIG. 27, the pressing inclined portion 67 is a flat surface, but the shape can be appropriately changed, such as a curved surface matching the peripheral surfaces of the shafts 62a and 62b.
Here, cushion materials that function as the headrest 13, the backrest 15, the seat 16, and the lower knee 17 are attached to the frame 20 of the stretcher body 2. Each cushion material is fixed to the cushion material mounting bracket 27 fixed to the frame 20 by welding or the like, for example, by screwing or the like.
Further, for example, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment includes a retractable armrest device 7. That is, for example, FIG. 5 and FIG. 28, a retractable armrest device 7 that is used as necessary when the stretcher 1 is transformed into a wheelchair is provided. FIG. In FIG. 28, illustration of the cart 3 and the four-joint parallel link mechanism 4 is omitted. The stretcher 1 can recline the backrest 15 in a state of being deformed into a wheelchair.
The retractable armrest device 7 is rotatably attached to the side portion of the reclining backrest 15, and can be retractably attached to the seatrest 16 so as to be coplanar with the backrest 15, and the seat 16. The armrest strut 76 that can be stored so as to be flush with the member to be supported, the connecting means 77 that connects the tip of the rotated armrest 73 and the tip of the rotated armrest strut 76 so that the angle can be changed, the armrest 73 and the armrest At least one of the support columns 76 is expanded and contracted, and an expansion / contraction means 78 is provided to adjust the length so that the arrangement of the connected armrest 73 and the armrest support column 76 is a parallelogram with respect to the backrest 15 and the seat 16. In the present embodiment, the expansion / contraction means 78 expands / contracts the armrest 73. The member that supports the seated person is, for example, the lower knee 17. However, the member that supports the seated person is not limited to the lower knee 17 and may be the seat 16, for example.
FIG. 29 and FIG. 30 shows an armrest 73. The armrest 73 includes a proximal end arm 79 and a distal end arm 710, which are connected by an expansion / contraction means 78. A sleeve 711 is fixed to the proximal end of the proximal arm 79, and this sleeve 711 is rotatably fitted to a shaft 213 a fixed to the end of the intermediate pipe 213 of the frame 20 of the stretcher 1. The armrest 73 is rotatably connected to the backrest 15. The distal end side arm 710 is a hollow member that is thicker than the proximal end side arm 79, and the distal end of the proximal end side arm 79 can be inserted from the end on the base side.
A guide groove 712 is formed along the longitudinal direction on the bottom surface of the proximal arm 79. Further, a pair of guide members 713 and 714 that sandwich the proximal end arm 79 from both sides and two sliding bodies 715 and 716 that slide in the guide groove 712 are attached in the distal end side arm 710. The guide members 713 and 714 are fixed to the distal end side arm 710 by, for example, screws. Further, the sliding bodies 715 and 716 are fitted into the distal end side arm 710. The guide groove 712, the guide members 713 and 714, and the sliding bodies 715 and 716 constitute an expansion / contraction means 78. The distal arm 710 slides with respect to the proximal arm 79 until the two sliding bodies 715 and 716 contact the front and rear end walls of the guide groove 712. When the distal arm 710 is slid with respect to the proximal arm 79, the armrest 73 expands and contracts as a whole.
The expansion / contraction means 78 is provided with a lock mechanism 717. The lock mechanism 717 locks the distal arm 710 to the proximal arm 79 with the armrest 73 extended. It is comprised from the extension groove | channel 719 provided continuously.
FIG. 37, after the armrest 73 is extended and the sliding body 715 on the distal end side is applied to the end wall of the guide groove 712, the sliding body 715 is directed toward the inner side in the horizontal direction, that is, the inner side of the stretcher 1. Is slid into the extension groove 719, the edge 713a of one guide member 713 fits into the recess 718, and the armrest 73 cannot be contracted. That is, after the distal arm 710 is pulled straight along the guide groove 712 and then slightly rotated in the horizontal direction around the proximal end sliding body 716, the distal arm 710 is engaged with the proximal arm 79. Can be stopped. Further, by performing an operation opposite to this operation, the locking of the distal arm 710 can be released and the armrest 73 can be contracted.
FIG. 31 and FIG. 32 shows an armrest strut 76. A sleeve 720 is fixed to the base end of the armrest strut 76, and the armrest strut 76 is rotatably connected to the backrest 15 by fitting the sleeve 720 to the second bending shaft 12 of the frame 20 of the stretcher 1. Yes.
FIG. 33 and FIG. 34 shows the connecting means 77. The connecting means 77 includes an outer unit 721 and an inner unit 722. In the present embodiment, the outer unit 721 is secured to the distal end of the distal arm 710 of the armrest 73, and the inner unit 722 is secured to the distal end of the armrest column 76. However, the outer unit 721 may be fixed to the tip of the armrest column 76, and the inner unit 722 may be fixed to the tip of the tip side arm 710 of the armrest 73.
The outer unit 721 includes a housing 723 provided with an opening 723a on the peripheral surface, a partition member 724 accommodated in the housing 723, a release button 725 protruding from the housing 723, and between the partition member 724 and the release button 725. The coil spring 726 is provided. One partition member 724, release button 725, and coil spring 726 are provided on each of the left and right sides of the housing 723. The left and right partition members 724 are fixed to the housing 723. The release button 725 protrudes from the housing 723 due to the elastic force of the coil spring 726. When the release button 725 is pushed against the elastic force of the coil spring 726, a projection 725a provided on the inner surface of the release button 725 is formed. It protrudes inward from the hole 724a of the partition member 724.
The inner unit 722 includes a housing 727, a pair of convex members 728 protruding from the housing 727, and a coil spring 729 provided between the pair of convex members 728. The convex member 728 protrudes from the housing 727, but can be retracted into the housing 727 by contracting the coil spring 729, so that the inner unit 722 can be inserted into the housing 723 of the outer unit 721, or the housing 723 can be pulled out from within.
When the inner unit 722 is inserted into the housing 723 of the outer unit 721, the convex member 728 protrudes and is caught by the partition member 724. As a result, the inner unit 722 cannot be removed from the outer unit 721, and the outer unit 721 and the inner unit 722, that is, the distal end of the armrest 73 and the distal end of the armrest column 76 are connected. An opening 723 a provided in the housing 723 of the outer unit 721 is formed larger than the cross-sectional area of the armrest strut 76. Therefore, the connection angle between the armrest 73 and the armrest support 76 can be changed.
When removing the inner unit 722 from the outer unit 721, the right and left release buttons 725 of the outer unit 721 may be pushed into the housing 723. By pushing the left and right release buttons 725, the protrusion 725 a pushes the convex member 728 of the inner unit 722 into the housing 727 and separates it from the partition member 724. If the inner unit 722 is pulled out from the outer unit 721 in this state, the inner unit 722 can be easily detached from the outer unit 721.
FIG. 3 and FIG. As shown in FIG. 28, a support member 730 is fixed to the first vertical pipe 210 of the frame 20 of the stretcher 1. When the armrest 73 is contracted and placed on the support member 730, the armrest 73 and the backrest 15 are flush with each other, and the armrest 73 can be used as a part of the backrest 15. Note that “the armrest 73 and the backrest 15 are flush with each other” means that the surface that supports the seated person of the backrest 15 and the surface that supports the seated person of the stored armrest 73 are exactly the same face. It is not included, and the case where these surfaces are substantially the same surface is also included.
A support member 731 is fixed to the third vertical pipe 230 of the frame 20. When the armrest strut 76 is placed on the support member 731, the armrest strut 76 and the knee lower portion 17 are flush with each other, and the armrest strut 76 can be used as a part of the knee lower portion 17. Note that “the armrest strut 76 and the knee lower portion 17 are flush with each other” means that the surface that supports the seated person of the armrest strut 76 and the surface that supports the seated person of the knee lower portion 17 are exactly the same plane. Is not included, and the case where these surfaces are substantially the same surface is also included.
When the armrest device 7 in the stored state is used, the armrest device 7 is assembled. That is, FIG. As shown by 35, the armrest support | pillar 76 accommodated in the side of the knee lower part 17 is rotated and caused. Moreover, the armrest 73 accommodated in the side of the backrest 15 is rotated and extended while being pulled down. And after fixing the length of the armrest 73 with the lock mechanism 717, FIG. As shown in FIG. 34, the inner unit 722 at the tip of the armrest strut 76 is fitted so as to cover the outer unit 721 at the tip of the armrest 73. Thereby, the armrest 73 and the armrest support | pillar 76 are connected, and an assembly is completed.
In a state where the armrest 73 and the armrest strut 76 are connected, the lock mechanism 717 that fixes the length of the armrest 73 is not released. That is, in order to release the lock mechanism 717, it is necessary to slightly rotate the tip side arm 710 of the armrest 73 horizontally to change the direction, but the outer unit 721 of the connecting means 77 is fitted into the inner unit 722. Therefore, the direction of the tip side arm 710 cannot be changed. For this reason, the lock mechanism 717 is not released unexpectedly while the armrest 73 is being used, and the use of the armrest 73 can be continued.
When the armrest device 7 is stored, the armrest 73 and the armrest support 76 may be disconnected. Then, the armrest column 76 that has been raised is brought down and placed on the support member 731. Thereby, the armrest support | pillar 76 can be accommodated in the side of the knee lower part 17. FIG. Further, the armrest 73 that has been lowered is lifted while being contracted and placed on the support member 730. Thereby, the armrest 73 can be stored in the side of the backrest 15. The armrest strut 76 is flush with the lower knee 17, and the armrest 73 is flush with the backrest 15, so that the armrest device 7 can be stored without getting in the way, and the armrest strut 76 can be placed below the knee. The armrest 73 can be used as a part of the backrest 15. In other words, the lower knee 17 and the backrest 15 can be used in a wide range, or the backrest 15 and the lower knee 17 can be made thinner by the armrest 73 and the armrest support 76 to make the stretcher 1 compact.
When the stretcher 1 is used by being transformed into a wheelchair, the armrest device 7 is stored to facilitate getting on and off from the side of the seated person who is physically inconvenient. Moreover, by assembling the armrest device 7, it is possible to use the armrest 73 and to prevent a seated person who is physically disabled from falling.
In this retractable armrest device 7, since the armrest 73 is provided with the expansion / contraction means 78, when the armrest 73 and the armrest strut 76 are connected, the arrangement of the armrest 73 and the armrest strut 76 is parallel to the backrest 15 and the seat 16. The length of the armrest 73 can be adjusted to form. That is, when the armrest 73 is used, the armrest 73, the armrest support 76, the backrest 15, and the seat 16 can be arranged in a parallelogram when viewed from the side of the stretcher 1. For this reason, FIG. As shown in FIG. 36, even if the backrest 15 is reclined, in other words, even if the angle of the backrest 15 with respect to the seat 16 is changed, the angle of the armrest 73 with respect to the seat 16 can be maintained constant. Can be used.
In the above description, the armrest 73 is provided with the expansion / contraction means 78 and the length of the armrest 73 is adjusted so that the above-mentioned parallelogram is formed. 78 may be provided, and the above-described parallelogram may be formed by adjusting the length of the armrest support 76. Further, the expansion and contraction means 78 may be provided on both the armrest 73 and the armrest support column 76, and the above-mentioned parallelogram may be formed by adjusting the lengths of both. Further, when the above-mentioned parallelogram can be formed without adjusting the lengths of the armrest 73 and the armrest support 76, the expansion / contraction means 78 may not be provided.
Further, in the above description, the armrest struts 76 are stored on the side of the lower knee 17, but the armrest struts 76 may be stored on the side of the seat 16.
Furthermore, the armrest 73 described above has the distal end side arm 710 disposed at the top during storage and the proximal end arm 79 disposed below, and is rotated in a direction to be pulled down during use and connected to the armrest support 76. Alternatively, it may be turned upside down and connected to the armrest support 76 by rotating it in the direction of lifting during use.
In addition, although the structure provided with the retractable armrest device 7 is a preferable example, it is not necessarily limited to this structure. You may make it attach an armrest with respect to a support | pillar. In this case, the armrest may be slidable parallel to the seat surface, and the armrest may form part of the bed surface when the stretcher body 2 is in the bed state.
Further, for example, in the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment, FIG. 38-FIG. As shown at 53, a stable or comfortable posture of the patient can be maintained by supporting a part of the patient's body sitting on the stretcher 1 in the chair state or lying on the stretcher 1 in the bed state. A body support mechanism 8 is provided. In the body support mechanism 8, the core material of the support member or at least a portion of the support member that requires deformation of the support surface is divided into a plurality of parts, and the divided core material or support members are flexible mechanisms 81. It is constituted by being connected.
The stretcher 1 of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 38, in order to support the patient's head, waist, and legs, the headrest 13 is a head support member, the back 15 is a waist support member, and the seat 16 is a leg support member. Each body support mechanism 8 is provided. Below, the body support mechanism 8 provided in the headrest 13 is demonstrated first.
The headrest 13 is provided so as to hold a patient's head transferred to the stretcher 1 so that a stable posture or an easy posture can be maintained. For example, a structure in which a plate-like core material is covered with a cushioning material. It has become. In the present embodiment, this core material is divided into three parts, a central part 818 attached to the frame 20 of the stretcher 1, and a left side part 819 and a right side part 820 provided on both sides of the central part 818. Further, by allowing the right side portion 820 to tilt upward from a flat state, the patient's head can be held from one side or both sides as the left side portion 819 and the right side portion 820 are flipped up as necessary. I have to.
The core material of the headrest 13 of the present embodiment is the same as FIG. 42, as shown in FIG. 43, and a left side portion 819 having a shape shown in FIG. 39-FIG. It is comprised by combining as shown to 41. Each part 818 to 820 includes FIG. 42, FIG. 43, through holes 818a, 819a, and 820a are provided for attaching the fixed side member 85 or the tilting side member 86 of the flexible mechanism 81, and the central portion 818 is provided for attaching the headrest 13 to the frame 20. A through hole 818b is provided. The left side 819 or the right side 820 and the central part 818 are connected by a flexible mechanism 81 that can be bent so that the left side 819 or the right side 820 can be flipped up.
The flexible mechanism 81 will be described below. The flexible mechanism 81 is shown in FIG. 45-FIG. 47, the fixed side member 85 and the tilting side member 86 are connected so as to be bent by a structure such as a hinge. 39-FIG. As shown at 41, two are provided on the side portion of the central portion 818, and the left side portion 819 or the right side portion 820 is connected to the central portion 818. The flexible mechanism 81 of the present embodiment includes a fixed-side member 85 having a plurality of overlapping plates 87 and 88 arranged in parallel at intervals, and a plurality of overlapping plates 87 and 88 of the fixed-side member 85 that alternately overlap. The tilting side member 86 having the overlapping plates 87 and 88, the coupling side 812 that passes through the overlapping positions of the overlapping plates 87 and 88 of the fixed side member 85 and the tilting side member 86, and the overlapping plate 812 and the overlapping plate And a biasing means 811 for biasing 87 and 88 in the superposition direction, and the tilting side member 86 rotates about the connecting shaft 812 to tilt part of the core, that is, the left side 819 and the right side 820. And maintain the angle of the support surface of the headrest 13 by using the frictional force at the contact portion between the overlapping plates 87 and 88. It has become. In this specification, for convenience of explanation, one of the two members that tilt relatively is referred to as a fixed side, and the other is referred to as a tilt side. However, the concept of the fixed side and the tilt side is merely relative. The member 86 may be the fixed side, and the fixed side member 85 may be tilted.
The fixed-side member 85 is formed as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 44, the base plate 89 is constituted by a single base plate 89 and a plurality of superposition plates 87 and 88 mounted on the base plate 89. In the base plate 89, FIG. 44, FIG. As shown in FIG. 45, a through-hole 89b is provided for screwing the fixed-side member 85 to the core of the headrest 13, specifically, to the central portion 818.
The overlapping plates 87 and 88 of the fixed side member 85 are preferably large in number from the viewpoint of securing a large contact area between the plates, but the number of sheets used in consideration of the weight and cost when the number of parts increases. Is determined. For example, in the present embodiment, four sheets are used as shown in the figure, but the number may be more or less. Each superposition plate 87, 88 is provided with claws 87a, 88a for attaching the superposition plates 87, 88 to the base plate 89, and the base plate 89 is provided with attachment holes 89a for inserting the claws 87a, 88a. ing. Further, among the plurality of mounting holes 89a provided in the base plate 89, the one located at the end is FIG. As shown at 44, it may be a notch groove provided at the edge of the base plate 89. In this case, the overlapping plate 87 can be attached to the base plate 89 even if the claws are inserted into the holes instead of being inserted into the holes.
These overlapping plates 87 and 88 are arranged in parallel on the base plate 89 with the plates being separated by a predetermined distance. In the present embodiment, the arrangement interval between the overlapping plates 87 and 88 is made constant, and the interval between the plates is made to coincide with the thickness of the overlapping plates 87 and 88. These superposition plates 87 and 88 may all be fixedly attached to the base plate 89 so that they do not wobble, but the two superposition plates 88 located on the inner side of the four pieces are a little. It is preferable that the movable plate is movable to the extent that it fluctuates. In this way, when the four overlapping plates 87 and 88 of the fixed side member 85 and the tilting side member 86 are alternately stacked, the overlapping plate 88 is slightly inclined. It becomes easy to let each plate 87 and 88 sink into a mutual gap by making it. In the present embodiment, the two superposition plates 87 arranged on the outside are fixed, and the claws 87a are formed as shown in FIG. 50-FIG. As shown in 52, the projection is a projection-like claw that fits into the mounting hole 89a or the mounting groove 89a of the base plate 89 and can be fixed by welding or the like in a state where the overlapping plate 87 is aligned. On the other hand, FIG. As shown in FIG. 49, the two overlapping plates 88 arranged on the inner side are configured to be engaged with the base plate 89 by the engaging claws 88a so as to be movable with respect to the base plate 89. It is not fixed by welding or the like. The engaging claws 88a are connected to the individual superposition plates 88 shown in FIG. 53. As shown in FIG. 53, it is allowed to incline in the superposition direction but does not come off the fixed-side base plate 89. For example, FIG. As shown in 49, it is formed in a bowl shape. In this case, FIG. 45, FIG. 46, by directing the claws 88a outward, it is easy to prevent the engaging claws 88a from sliding backward and coming off the mounting holes 89a even when the flexible mechanism 81 repeats the bending operation. Become.
An example of attaching these superposition plates 87 and 88 to the base plate 89 on the fixed side is shown in FIG. 50-FIG. 52, first, the two fixed outer overlapping plates 87 are fixed to the base plate 89, then the movable overlapping plate 88 is inserted into the mounting hole 89a and the slide is inserted. The base plate 89 may be attached as described above. The movable superposition plate 88 can be tilted towards any fixed superposition plate 87 arranged on the outside thereof.
Also, FIG. 48, FIG. As shown in FIG. 49, the polymerization plates 87 and 88 are provided with through holes 87b and 88b, respectively. These through-holes 87b and 88b are shown in FIG. As shown at 51, the tilt side member 86 is provided at a position that is the center of rotation when the tilt side member 86 rotates relative to the fixed side member 85. The fixed-side member 85 and the tilt-side member 86 are tiltable with the connecting shaft 812 inserted into the through-holes 87b and 88b in a state where the respective rotation centers, that is, the through-holes 87b and 88b are overlapped with each other. Connected in state.
As described above, the fixed-side member 85 is constituted by the base plate 89 and the overlapping plates 87 and 88 attached thereto. One tilting-side member 86 is also connected to the base plate 810 and the same as the fixed-side member 85. It is comprised by the superposition | polymerization plates 87 and 88 to which it is attached. For example, in the present embodiment, FIG. As shown in FIG. 44, the superposition plates 87 and 88 having the same shape as the fixed-side member 85 are formed on the base plate 810 having the mounting holes 810a or the mounting grooves 810a in the same manner as the fixed-side base plate 89 as described above. The tilt side member 86 is configured by being attached. In the base plate 810, FIG. 44, FIG. As shown in FIG. 45, a through hole 810b for screwing the tilt side member 86 to the left side 819 or the right side 820 is provided.
The fixed-side member 85 and the tilt-side member 86 formed in this way are shown in FIG. 47, the overlapping plates 87 and 88 on the fixed side member 85 side and the overlapping plates 87 and 88 on the tilting side member 86 side are alternately overlapped with each other and pin-connected by the connecting shaft 812. Thus, a hinge-like flexible mechanism 81 that can be bent is formed. In the present embodiment, FIG. 45, FIG. 46, the fixed side member 85 and the tilting side member 86 are in contact with the inner edges of the base plates 89 and 810 in a state where they are opened 180 degrees so as not to tilt any further. Therefore, the bendable flexible mechanism 81 can freely adjust the opening angle within a range up to a maximum opening angle of 180 degrees.
Further, as described above, since the overlapping plates 87 and 88 of the stationary member 85 and the overlapping plates 87 and 88 of the tilting member 86 are overlapped in a staggered manner, the frictional force of the overlapping portions that are in contact with each other. The tilting angle of the tilting side member 86 with respect to the fixed side member 85 can be maintained using. In addition, the flexible mechanism 81 in this case is used as a part of the mechanism constituting the body support mechanism 8, and therefore can be easily adjusted to obtain a desired angle, and after the adjustment, the load depends on the load. It is preferable that the angle does not easily change even when an external force is applied. Therefore, in the present embodiment, in addition to fastening the superposition plates 87 and 88 with the connecting shaft 812, an urging means 811 for urging the superposition plates 87 and 88 in the superposition direction is provided.
The biasing means 811 is, for example, FIG. 44, FIG. 47, a coil spring arranged around the connecting shaft 812 urges the overlapping plates 87 and 88 to press each other through one of two stepped rings 813 sandwiching both ends of the spring. In this case, if the overall length of the coil spring can be adjusted, it is preferable in that the biasing force can be changed and the frictional force between the overlapping plates 87 and 88 can be changed. For example, in this embodiment, a double nut 814 is provided at one end of the connecting shaft 812. By changing the position of the double nut 814 on the shaft, the total length of the coil spring can be changed and the urging force can be changed. ing. The coil spring shown here is a preferred example of the urging means 811. However, the coil spring is not particularly limited as long as it can urge the overlapping plates 87 and 88 and more preferably adjust the frictional force. There is nothing.
The flexible mechanism 81 of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 41, it is attached to the back side of the core material of the headrest 13 by attachment means 15 made of, for example, bolts and nuts. As shown at 40, it can be tilted to jump up. Further, when the left side 819 and the right side 820 are lowered to the lowest, FIG. As shown at 40, these both side portions 819 and 820 and the central portion 818 between them form the same plane and form a flat surface. Further, the left side portion 819 and the right side portion 820 can operate separately, and for example, the inclination can be adjusted independently of each other, for example, one is flat and the other is inclined.
According to the body support mechanism 8 in which both side portions 819 and 820 of the core material divided as described above can be tilted, the headrest 13 of the stretcher 1 has a shape suitable for body support, that is, the left side portion 819 or the right side portion 820 is formed. By tilting as a flipped state, it is possible to appropriately support the patient's head so that it always approaches the center. Moreover, since the left side 819 and the right side 820 can be independently and continuously tilted, only one of the headrests 13 can have a desired shape. Further, since the movable range of the flexible mechanism 81 is limited so that the left side portion 819 and the right side portion 820 are not lowered below the flat state, the headrest is also in a state where both side portions 819 and 820 are lowered most. 13 is only flattened, and does not have a reverse inclination that drives the patient's head to the end of the stretcher 1. Further, in addition to being tightened by the connecting shaft 812 in a state in which a plurality of overlapping plates 87 and 88 are alternately overlapped, a configuration in which a frictional force is applied by the biasing means 811 capable of adjusting the biasing force is sufficient. A frictional force is obtained, and the state of being flipped up can be maintained. In this case, for example, if the patient is a small patient, the both sides 819 and 820 can be moved relatively easily without increasing the urging force. Conversely, if the patient is a large patient, the head is pressed. Users should customize themselves, such as increasing the biasing force in advance to prevent both sides 819 and 820 from dropping unexpectedly, that is, to obtain a frictional force according to the patient's weight and physique. Is easy. Moreover, according to such a stretcher 1, even when the shape is changed to a chair, it is possible to provide an easy posture in which the back of the head is leaned.
Therefore, the patient using the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment is held in a stable seating or supine posture or an easy sitting or supine posture by supporting a part of the body, for example, the head. In addition, for example, even if the posture when transferred to the bed or the posture after transfer is somewhat collapsed, the body support mechanism 8 supports the head, so that a part of the body protrudes from the bed or the supine posture collapses. To be prevented. Therefore, for the patient, it is not necessary to apply excessive force to maintain the posture, and even if it suddenly approaches the end of the bed by changing its posture or turning over, it may fall down accidentally. You can have a sense of security and trust that you don't.
Next, another body support mechanism 8 provided in the stretcher 1 will be described. The stretcher 1 of this embodiment is a body for supporting a patient's waist or leg on a seat 16 other than the headrest 13, specifically a backrest 15 that is a part that contacts the patient's waist and a seat 16 that is a part that contacts the leg. A support mechanism 8 is provided.
The body support mechanism 8 provided at the portion corresponding to the waist functions to prevent the patient's waist and surrounding portions from moving toward the side of the stretcher 1 to maintain the patient's stable posture or comfortable posture. In the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment, the body that mainly supports and supports the upper body of the patient, and of the core material 15a that becomes the backrest 15 when the stretcher 1 has a chair shape, is flipped up on both sides of the portion that contacts the waist. A support mechanism 8 is provided. Hereinafter, the left side portion of the jumping up portion is referred to as “left side portion 819 ′”, and the right side portion is referred to as “right side portion 820 ′”. The left side portion 819 ′ and the right side portion 820 ′ in the present embodiment are smaller than the flip-up type left side portion 819 and the right side portion 820 of the headrest 13, but this is merely an example, and the size and shape are not particularly limited. Further, each of the left side portion 819 ′ and the right side portion 820 ′ is connected to the core member 15 a by a pair of flexible mechanisms 81 as in the case of the headrest 13 and can be flipped up. The flexible mechanism 81 used here is the same as that in the headrest 13. The left side portion 819 ′ and the right side portion 820 ′ can be adjusted with respect to the core material 15a independently of each other, for example, one is flat and the other is inclined. Thereby, according to this stretcher 1, the left side part 819 'and right side part 820' can be flipped up as needed, and a patient's waist | hip | lumbar part can be supported from one side or both sides. When the stretcher 1 has a chair shape, the left side 819 ′ and the right side 820 ′ can be folded forward as needed to support the patient's waist from one side or both sides. In the above description, the term “lumbar region” is used. However, since the original purpose is to support the periphery of the patient's lumbar region even when the patient's physique is different, In this sense, it includes not only the waist part but also the upper part, that is, the part closer to the back and the lower part, for example, the buttocks.
In addition, the body support mechanism 8 provided in the portion corresponding to the leg functions to prevent the patient's leg from moving to the side of the stretcher 1 and to keep the patient's stable posture or comfortable posture. In the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment, the body support mechanism of the flip-up type is mainly supported on the lower body of the patient, in particular, the leg, and is flipped up on both sides of the core 16a of the portion that becomes the seat 16 when the stretcher 1 becomes a chair shape. 8 is provided. Hereinafter, the left portion of the jumping portion is referred to as “left side portion 819 ″”, and the right portion is referred to as “right side portion 820 ″”. Unlike the left side portions 819, 819 ′ and right side portions 820, 820 ′, the left side portion 819 ″ and the right side portion 820 ″ are elongated so as to support from the base of the thigh to the knee. However, this is only an example, and the size and shape are not particularly limited. Further, each of the left side portion 819 ″ and the right side portion 820 ″ is connected to the core member 16a by a pair of flexible mechanisms 81 as in the case of the headrest 13, and can be flipped up. The flexible mechanism 81 used here is the same as that in the headrest 13. The left side portion 819 "and the right side portion 820" can be tilted independently of each other, for example, one is flat and the other is tilted with respect to the core member 16a. Thereby, according to this stretcher 1, if necessary, the left side 819 "and the right side 820" can be flipped up to support the patient's leg from one side or both sides. Even when the stretcher 1 has a chair shape, the patient's sitting thigh is supported from one side or both sides by flipping up the left side 819 "right side 820" as necessary. Can do.
In the above-described example, the side portions 819 and 820 of the body support mechanism 8 can be tilted steplessly so that the tilt can be adjusted steplessly, but may be tilted stepwise. For example, a radial unevenness centered on the connecting shaft 812 is provided at a certain angle in a region where the overlapping plates 87 and 88 are in contact with each other. If both are engaged, both side portions 819 and 820 can be tilted stepwise. In this case, the step width at the time of tilting can be freely set by adjusting the interval between these irregularities.
In the above example, the superposition plates 87 and 88 are all the same thickness, and these are arranged on the base plates 89 and 810 at regular intervals. However, the thickness and arrangement interval of the plates are not necessarily constant. For example, in the case where the plate thickness is not uniform, the flexible mechanism 81 can be formed in the same manner as in the present embodiment if the arrangement intervals of the plates 87 and 88 are made to correspond to the uneven thickness. Can do.
In the above-described example, the body support mechanism 8 provided so as to support the head, waist, and legs of the patient has been described. However, these are preferred examples of the body support mechanism 8 and are installed. By appropriately changing the position and shape, it can function as a mechanism that can support other parts of the body such as the neck, shoulder, back, arm, lower leg, and ankle. For example, FIG. As shown in 67, the body support mechanism 8 provided in the portion corresponding to the waist may support not only the waist portion but also a wider upper body portion, and provided in the portion corresponding to the leg portion. The body support mechanism 8 may be supported with a particular focus around the knee. Note that the number of divisions of the portion requiring the deformation of the support surface may vary depending on the portion to be applied, but the body support mechanism 8 can be applied if there is at least one tiltable member with respect to the fixed member. It becomes.
Next, another embodiment of the stretcher of the present invention will be described. The expansion / contraction mechanism that can be employed in the stretcher of the present invention is not limited to the above-described example. For example, a hydraulic cylinder that extends when pressure oil is supplied and contracts when pressure oil is discharged, and hydraulic pressure You may use what is comprised by the hydraulic supply-and-discharge part which supplies and discharges pressure oil with respect to a cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder is, for example, a device having a cylinder part, a piston part slidably inserted into the cylinder part, a cylinder chamber surrounded by the cylinder part and the piston part, and the like. The hydraulic supply / discharge unit includes, for example, an oil tank, an oil pump that sucks oil from the oil tank and pumps the sucked oil to the cylinder chamber of the hydraulic cylinder, and an oil that connects the oil pump and the cylinder chamber of the hydraulic cylinder. It is a device having a supply path, an oil discharge path that connects a cylinder chamber of the hydraulic cylinder and an oil tank, a pressure release valve that opens and closes the oil discharge path, and the like. The oil pump is preferably a pedal type that can perform a pump action by a stepping action. In this case, the operator does not have to bend down to the lower part of the stretcher 1 and can perform the extension operation of the extension mechanism 5 while standing. According to the expansion / contraction mechanism 5, when an oil supply operation is performed by an oil pump with the pressure relief valve closed, oil is supplied to the cylinder chamber of the hydraulic cylinder, and the piston portion is extended with respect to the cylinder portion by the hydraulic pressure. On the other hand, when the pressure relief valve is opened, oil is discharged from the cylinder chamber of the hydraulic cylinder to the oil tank, and the piston portion contracts. In addition, when the piston portion contracts, speed-proportional damping is expressed by the oil, and the stretcher main body 2 is prevented from dropping rapidly.
An example of a stretcher that employs an expansion / contraction mechanism having a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic supply / exhaust portion will be described below as a second embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 54-FIG. 66 will be used for explanation. In the present embodiment, a hydraulic jack 5 ′ in which a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic supply / discharge unit are integrated is used as an expansion / contraction mechanism. However, the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic supply / discharge section do not need to be integrated, and they may be arranged separately.
This hydraulic jack 5 ′ is, for example, FIG. 63-FIG. As shown at 66, a hydraulic cylinder 91, an oil tank 92, an oil pump 93, and a release device 94 are attached to a base 95. The hydraulic cylinder 91 is shown in FIG. 65, a cylinder portion 91a, a piston portion 91b slidably inserted into the cylinder portion 91a, a cylinder chamber 91c surrounded by the cylinder portion 91a and the piston portion 91b, and oil from the cylinder portion 91a An O-ring 91d as a sealing material for preventing leakage, a pin 91e for preventing the piston portion 91b from protruding beyond the upper limit position, and the like are provided. The oil tank 92 is formed around the cylinder portion 91a. The oil pump 93 is shown in FIG. 66, a pump cylinder 93a, a pump piston 93b slidably inserted into the pump cylinder 93a, a pump chamber 93c surrounded by the pump cylinder 93a and the pump piston 93b, and oil leakage from the pump cylinder 93a And an O-ring 93d as a sealing material for preventing the above.
The base 95 is connected to an oil suction path 96a that connects the oil tank 92 and the pump chamber 93c, an oil supply path 96b that connects the pump chamber 93c and the cylinder chamber 91c, and a cylinder chamber 91c and the oil tank 92. An oil discharge passage 96c is formed. FIG. As shown in 66, a spherical first check valve 96d that allows the oil flow from the oil tank 92 to the pump chamber 93c and prevents the reverse flow is disposed in the oil suction path 96a. The first check valve 96d functions to open the oil suction path 96a by the operation of the pump piston 93b protruding from the pump cylinder 93a, and to close the oil suction path 96a by the operation of the pump piston 93b immersing in the pump cylinder 93a. In the oil supply path 96b, a spherical second check valve 96e that allows the oil flow from the pump chamber 93c to the cylinder chamber 91c and prevents the reverse flow is disposed. The second check valve 96e functions to open the oil supply path 96b by an operation in which the pump piston 93b is immersed in the pump cylinder 93a, and close the oil supply path 96b by an operation in which the pump piston 93b protrudes from the pump cylinder 93a.
The release device 94 that opens and closes the oil discharge path 96c includes, for example, a spherical pressure relief valve 94a disposed in the oil discharge path 96c, and a release screw 94b. The release screw 94b is attached to the base 95 by, for example, a screw structure. When the release screw 94b is rotated in the tightening direction, the tip of the release screw 94b presses the pressure release valve 94a, and the pressed pressure release valve 94a closes the oil discharge path 96c. When the release screw 94b is rotated in the loosening direction, the pressing force by the release screw 94b acting on the pressure release valve 94a is released, the pressure release valve 94a is movable, and the oil discharge passage 96c is opened.
According to this hydraulic jack 5 ', when the release screw 94b is tightened to close the oil discharge passage 96c and the pump piston 93b is protruded from the pump cylinder 93a, oil flows from the oil tank 92 to the pump chamber 93c, When the pump piston 93b is immersed in the pump cylinder 93a, oil flows from the pump chamber 93c to the cylinder chamber 91c. Accordingly, oil is pumped from the oil tank 92 to the cylinder chamber 91c by the reciprocating operation of the pump piston 93b. The first check valve 96d and the second check valve 96e prevent oil backflow. Accordingly, the piston portion 91b extends with respect to the cylinder portion 91a by the pressure of the oil sent to the cylinder chamber 91c by the reciprocating operation of the pump piston 93b. On the other hand, when the release screw 94b is loosened, the oil discharge passage 96c is opened, the oil is discharged from the cylinder chamber 91c to the oil tank 92, and the piston portion 91b contracts. Here, depending on the degree to which the release screw 94b is rotated, the allowable movement amount of the pressure relief valve 94a changes, and the size of the oil discharge passage 96c also changes. That is, when the rotation for loosening the release screw 94b is small, the allowable movement amount of the pressure relief valve 94a is small, and the flow path of the oil discharge path 96c is small. For this reason, the speed at which the piston part 91b contracts becomes slow, and in order to contract the piston part 91b at an appropriate speed, a certain amount of load is required to push the piston part 91b into the cylinder part 91a. On the other hand, when the rotation to loosen the release screw 94b is large, the flow rate of the oil discharge passage 96c becomes large, so the speed at which the piston portion 91b contracts increases, and the load that pushes the piston portion 91b into the cylinder portion 91a is compared. Even if it is small, the piston portion 91b contracts. The hydraulic jack 5 ′ is not necessarily limited to the one having the above-described configuration, and other existing or new ones may be adopted.
The above hydraulic jack 5 'is shown in FIG. 54-FIG. 62, for example, it is housed in a jack case 97 and fixed to the bottom of the jack case 97 by screws. The jack case 97 has an open upper surface, and both side surfaces are attached to the link support member 41. An attachment member 100a is fixed to the lower end of the link support member 41, and the attachment member 100a and the side wall of the jack case 97 are fixed by screws, for example, via a spacer 100b. In the case of this configuration in which the jack case 97 and the hydraulic jack 5 ′ are fixed to the carriage 3, the pedal lifting / lowering pedal 101 and the release pedal 105 which are attached to the jack case 97 as the operation part of the hydraulic jack 5 ′ are a four-bar parallel link mechanism. Since the posture is not changed in accordance with the rotation of 4, there is an advantage that it is easy to perform the lifting operation.
On the other hand, brackets 100c are fixed to the two first connecting rods 423 in the four-node parallel link mechanism 4, and a connecting shaft 100d for connecting these brackets 100c is provided. The jack case 97 is disposed at a position where the connecting shaft 100d that rotates together with the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 and the tip of the piston portion 91b that linearly expands and contracts are always in contact. Accordingly, the four-joint parallel link mechanism 4 is rotated by the expansion and contraction of the piston portion 91b. For example, in the present embodiment, the tip of the piston portion 91b is in contact with a pipe 100e through which the connecting shaft 100d is rotatably passed, and the pipe 100e and the piston portion 91b are covered with a lifting cover 97a. Further, a cover 97b is attached to the opened upper surface of the jack case 97. The cover 97b is formed with a hole through which the elevating cover 97a can protrude and retract. Further, a gap is provided between the piston portion 91b and the cylinder portion 91a and the lifting cover 97a so as not to prevent expansion and contraction of the piston portion 91b. By these covers 97a and 97b, the jack case 97 is closed as long as the expansion and contraction of the piston portion 91b is not hindered, and dust and foreign matter can be prevented from entering the jack case 97.
In the present embodiment, the hydraulic jack 5 ′ is fixed to the link support member 41 and the tip of the piston portion 91b is always in contact with the four-node parallel link mechanism 4. Not limited to this, the hydraulic jack 5 ′ may be arranged in a positional relationship for rotating the four-joint parallel link mechanism 4 by expanding and contracting. For example, the jack case 97 is rotatably attached to the link support member 41, and the tip of the piston portion 91 b is rotatably attached to the four-bar parallel link mechanism 4 to follow the rotation of the four-bar parallel link mechanism 4. The jack 5 'may be rotated.
The stretcher 1 according to the present embodiment includes a lift pedal mechanism that operates the oil pump 93 by operating the pedal. The elevating pedal mechanism includes an elevating pedal 101 that is displaceably attached to the carriage 3 and an elevating link 102 that converts the displacement of the elevating pedal 101 into an operation with respect to the oil pump 93.
The raising / lowering pedal 101 is attached to the carriage 3 so as to be rotatable, for example. A rotating shaft 101a having the longitudinal direction of the stretcher 1 as an axial direction is rotatably supported by a bearing 100j provided in the jack case 97, and a lifting / lowering pedal 101 is protruded from the jack case 97 of the rotating shaft 101a. Is fixed with screws. Further, for example, the elevating pedal 101 extends from the rotary shaft 101a so as to approach the ground plane so that the elevating pedal 101 and the operator's foot operating the elevating pedal 101 do not come into contact with the base member 32 of the carriage 3. After that, it has a bent shape extending almost horizontally.
The lifting link 102 is, for example, supported by the first lifting link 102 a that rotates integrally with the lifting pedal 101, the first lifting link 102 a and the oil pump 93 while being rotatably supported by the carriage 3. The second link 102b for elevating / lowering that applies a pressing force to the pump piston 93b of the oil pump 93 by rotating in conjunction with the rotation of the first link 102a for elevating / lowering. In this configuration, the number of links can be reduced, so the configuration can be made compact, and there is no need to reduce the thickness of the component because there is room for the component storage space, so the strength of the component can be made sufficiently high. As a result, it is possible to reduce the cost, and the advantage that the cost can be reduced can be obtained. However, the raising / lowering link 102 should just be what can convert operation | movement of the raising / lowering pedal 101 into operation with respect to the oil pump 93, and is not necessarily limited to this example.
In the jack case 97, a cylinder 101b through which the rotating shaft 101a of the lifting / lowering pedal 101 passes is fixed to the rotating shaft 101a with screws, and the first lifting / lowering link 102a is fixed to the cylinder 101b. Yes. Further, a plate member 100f is fixed to the inner surface of each side wall of the jack case 97 with screws, and two support plates 100g are spanned between these plate members 100f. The second elevating link 102b is attached between the two support plates 100g by a rotary shaft 100h parallel to the rotary shaft 101a of the lift pedal 101. The portion of the second elevating link 102b that contacts the first elevating link 102a and the pump piston 93b is substantially circular so that the members can smoothly contact each other. For example, a cylindrical contact portion 100i that is in contact with the first elevating link 102a is fixed to the second elevating link 102b. Further, for example, the rotating shaft 101a is disposed closer to the portion where the lifting / lowering pedal 101 is depressed than the oil pump 93 disposed substantially at the center of the jack case 97, and the rotating shaft 100h is formed between the oil pump 93 and the rotating shaft 101a. The second elevating link 102b is disposed such that the first elevating link 102a and the pump piston 93b are always in contact with the lower surface thereof.
Here, for example, in this embodiment, an elevating pedal mechanism is provided on both the left and right sides of the stretcher 1. The two lifting / lowering pedal mechanisms are basically arranged symmetrically, and the left and right second lifting / lowering links 102b, which are overlapping portions, are, for example, FIG. As shown in 56, they are arranged in a staggered manner. Since the left and right lifting pedals 101 are connected to different lifting links 102, the left and right lifting pedal mechanisms operate independently.
Further, the elevating pedal mechanism is provided with means for returning the depressed pedal 101 to its original position. For example, a spring hooking portion 101c is fixed to a cylinder 101b that rotates integrally with the lifting pedal 101, and a tension coil spring 103 is attached between the left and right spring hooking portions 101c as the return means. Yes.
FIG. 54 and FIG. 55, when the operator depresses one of the left and right lifting pedals 101, the cylinder body 101b and the first lifting link 102a are rotated while pulling the tension coil spring 103, and this rotation causes the first lifting lifting first link 102a. The second elevating link 102b in contact with the link 102a rotates, and the pump piston 93b in contact with the second elevating link 102b is pushed into the pump cylinder 93a. Here, the oil pump 93 is provided with a compression coil spring 104 as means for returning the pump piston 93b immersed in the pump cylinder 93a to a position protruding from the pump cylinder 93a. A spring receiver 115 that receives the restoring force of the compression coil spring is fixed to the tip of the pump piston 93b. When the force to depress the lifting / lowering pedal 101 is eliminated or weakened, the lifting / lowering pedal 101 depressed by the restoring force of the tension coil spring 103 returns to the original position and is pushed into the pump cylinder 93a by the restoring force of the compression coil spring 104. The pump piston 93b returns to the original position. Therefore, the pump piston 93b reciprocates by stepping on either the left or right lifting pedal 101. When the operator depresses one lifting / lowering pedal 101, a force to reversely rotate the other lifting / lowering pedal 101 is transmitted via the tension coil spring 103. In this embodiment, for example, the first lifting / lowering link is transmitted. By engaging 102a with the jack case 97, the reverse rotation of the lifting / lowering pedal 101 is restricted.
Moreover, the stretcher 1 of this embodiment is provided with the release pedal mechanism which operates the release apparatus 94 by operation with respect to a pedal. The release pedal mechanism includes a release pedal 105 that is displaceably attached to the carriage 3 and a release link 106 that converts the displacement of the release pedal 105 into an operation on the release device 94.
For example, the release pedal 105 is rotatably attached to the carriage 3 and is disposed on both the left and right sides of the stretcher 1. The distal end portions of the rotation shafts 105a of the two right and left release pedals 105 are respectively inserted into bearings 100k provided in the jack case 97 with the left and right directions of the stretcher 1 as the axial direction, and are arranged in the jack case 97. It is inserted into one cylinder 105b and fixed to this cylinder 105b with screws. Accordingly, the two right and left release pedals 105 and the cylindrical body 105b rotate integrally. For example, the release pedal 105 is bent so as to be away from the lift pedal 101 so as not to contact the lift pedal 101.
The release link 106 includes, for example, a first release link 106a that rotates integrally with the release pedal 105, a second release link 106b that rotates integrally with the release screw 94b, and one end side of the release link 106a. The release third link 106c is connected to the other end and connected to the release second link 106b.
The first release link 106a is fixed to the cylindrical body 105b. One end of the second release link 106b is fixed to the release screw 94b, and a connection hole 107 to which the third release link 106c is connected is formed on the other end. The third release link 106c is provided with a rotating shaft 100m rotatably connected to the first release link 106a on one end side, and a pressing shaft 108 inserted into the connection hole 107 of the second release link 106b on the other end side. Is provided. For example, in this embodiment, the rotation shaft of the release screw 94b and the rotation shaft 105a of the release pedal 105 are not parallel, but the diameter of the pressing shaft 108 of the release third link 106c is set to the connection hole 107 of the second link for lease. The second release link 106b is configured to rotate by the displacement of the pressing shaft 108.
The release pedal mechanism is provided with means for returning the depressed pedal 105 to its original position. For example, a case-side spring hooking portion 100n is provided inside the jack case 97, and a pedal-side spring hooking portion 105c is provided on the first release link 106a, which is symmetrical to the first release link 106a on the cylinder 105b. The pedal side spring hooking portion 105c is also fixed at the position where the tension coil spring 109 is attached as a return means between the case side spring hooking portion 100n and the pedal side spring hooking portion 105c.
FIG. 58 and FIG. 60, when the operator depresses one of the right and left release pedals 105, the tubular body 105b and the first release link 106a rotate while pulling the tension coil spring 109, and this rotation causes the third release release. The link 106c swings, and the pressing shaft 108 of the third release link 106c presses the connection hole 107 of the second release link 106b to rotate the second release link 106b and rotate in a direction to loosen the release screw 94b. It is supposed to let you. When the force for depressing the release pedal 105 is eliminated or weakened, the release pedal 105 depressed by the restoring force of the tension coil spring 109 returns to the original position, and the pressing shaft 108 of the third release link 106c is released. The two links 106b are rotated in the reverse direction to rotate in the direction in which the release screw 94b is tightened.
Furthermore, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment includes a brake mechanism that increases the force necessary to displace the release pedal 105 in accordance with the amount of displacement. In this brake mechanism, for example, the pressing member 110 that is integrally displaced with the release pedal 105 is in a non-engagement relationship with the displacement within a certain range of the release pedal 105, and exceeds the certain range. An elastic member 111 that is engaged with the pressing member 110 by the displacement of the release pedal 105 and elastically deforms according to the displacement of the pressing member 110 is used.
The pressing member 110 is fixed to a cylindrical body 105 b that rotates integrally with the release pedal 105. On the other hand, the elastic member 111 is, for example, a rubber material, and is fixed to the support member 112 that is rotatably attached to the cylindrical body 105b by screwing. When the pressing member 110 and the elastic member 111 are arranged to face each other and the release pedal 105 is in the original position, that is, when the release pedal 105 is not depressed, the pressing member 110 and the elastic member A space is formed between the head and the head 111.
Here, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment has an adjusting means for adjusting the positional relationship between the pressing member 110 and the elastic member 111. This adjusting means is, for example, an adjusting screw 113 that is attached to the bottom of the jack case 97 and whose tip portion contacts a support member that supports the elastic member 111. When the adjustment screw 113 is rotated, the tip end portion of the adjustment screw 113 rotates the support member 112 around the cylindrical body 105b. Therefore, by rotating the adjustment screw 113 and adjusting the amount of protrusion of the adjustment screw 113 from the bottom inner surface of the jack case 97, the distance between the elastic member 111 and the pressing member 110 can be adjusted to a desired value. .
According to this brake mechanism, FIG. 59 and FIG. 61, by pressing the release pedal 105, the pressing member 110 is rotated, and the rotation amount of the release pedal 105 exceeds a certain amount, so that the pressing member 110 contacts the elastic member 111, and then The pressing member 110 rotates while elastically deforming the elastic member 111. Until the pressing member 110 comes into contact with the elastic member 111, the force necessary to rotate the release pedal 105 is sufficient to extend the tension coil spring 109, but the pressing member 110 comes into contact with the elastic member 111. Thereafter, a force for elastically deforming the elastic member 111 is required. Therefore, until the pressing member 110 comes into contact with the elastic member 111, the release pedal 105 can be stepped on with a light force and the release screw 94b can be slightly loosened. After the pressing member 110 comes into contact with the elastic member 111, By releasing the release pedal 105 with a stronger force, the release screw 94b can be loosened a lot. For example, in the present embodiment, when the release pedal 105 is depressed with a light force, a relatively large load that tends to push the piston portion 91b into the cylinder portion 91a as when a person is placed on the stretcher body 2 or the like. The piston portion 91b is smoothly contracted when the sway is acting, and when the release pedal 105 is depressed with a stronger force, the piston portion 91b is also smoothly contracted by the weight of the stretcher body 2. ing.
According to the stretcher 1 configured as described above, when the operator depresses one of the right and left lifting pedals 101, the piston portion 91b extends with respect to the cylinder portion 91a, and the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 rotates. The stretcher body 2 can be moved parallel to the carriage 3 by being moved. On the other hand, when the left or right release pedal 105 is depressed, the piston portion 91 b contracts, and the stretcher body 2 can be lowered in parallel with the carriage 3. According to the stretcher 1, the operator does not need to bend down to the lower part of the stretcher 1 and can perform the extension operation of the extension mechanism 5 while standing. Further, since the lifting pedal 101 and the release pedal 105 are arranged on the left and right sides of the stretcher 1, the operator does not need to go around to the side where the pedal is present, and can quickly move the stretcher body 2 up and down. Furthermore, the piston portion 91b can be contracted at an appropriate speed according to the situation by the strength of the force of depressing the release pedal 105 by the brake mechanism.
In addition, the raising / lowering link 102 of the raising / lowering pedal mechanism is not limited to what was mentioned above, For example, FIG. 69 and FIG. 70 may be used. The elevating link 102 includes a first elevating link 102a ′ that rotates integrally with the elevating pedal 101, a second elevating link 102b ′ that is rotatably connected to the first elevating link 102a ′, and an elevating link. A second link 102c ′ that is rotatably connected to the second link 102b ′ and that is rotatably supported with respect to the carriage 3; The link 102b ′ is moved, and the third link 102c ′ for raising and lowering is rotated by the movement to apply a pressing force to the pump piston 93b of the oil pump 93. The configuration of the release pedal mechanism and the like other than the lifting link 102 may be the same as described above. 65, FIG. In 66, a release pedal mechanism and the like are omitted.
In the jack case 97, the cylinder 101b through which the rotating shaft 101a of the lifting / lowering pedal 101 passes is fixed with screws so as to rotate integrally with the rotating shaft 101a, and the lifting first link 102a ′ is It is fixed to the cylinder 101b.
Two support shafts 100p are spanned between the front wall and the rear wall of the jack case 97, and two support plates 100g are fixed to the support shafts 100p. The third elevating link 102c ′ is attached between the two support plates 100g by a rotary shaft 100h parallel to the rotary shaft 101a of the lift pedal 101. A portion of the third elevating link 102c ′ that comes into contact with the pump piston 93b is substantially circular so that the members can be smoothly contacted. The second lifting link 102b ′ has one end connected to the first lifting link 102a ′ by the rotating shaft 100r and the other end connected to the third lifting link 102c ′ by the rotating shaft 100s. For example, the rotating shaft 101a is disposed closer to the portion where the lifting / lowering pedal 101 is depressed than the oil pump 93 disposed substantially at the center of the jack case 97, and the rotating shaft 100h sandwiches the oil pump 93 with respect to the rotating shaft 101a. The rotary shaft 100s is arranged between the rotary shaft 100h and the oil pump 93, and the third elevating link 102c ′ is arranged so that the pump piston 93b is always in contact with the lower surface thereof.
Also when this elevating link 102 is employed, the elevating pedals 101 can be arranged on both the left and right sides of the stretcher 1 and the left and right elevating pedals 101 can be connected to different elevating links 102, respectively. The two raising / lowering links 102 are basically arranged symmetrically, and the second raising / lowering link 102b ′ and the third raising / lowering link 102c ′, which are overlapping portions, are illustrated in FIG. As shown at 70, they are arranged so as to be shifted back and forth.
Further, the elevating pedal mechanism is provided with means for returning the depressed pedal 101 to its original position. For example, a spring hooking portion 101c is fixed to a cylinder 101b that rotates integrally with the lifting pedal 101, and a tension coil spring 103 is attached between the left and right spring hooking portions 101c as the return means. Yes.
FIG. 69, when the operator depresses one of the left and right lifting pedals 101, the cylinder body 101b and the first lifting link 102a 'rotate while pulling the tension coil spring 103, and this rotation causes the first lifting lift. The second elevating link 102b ′ connected to the one link 102a ′ moves, and the third elevating link 102c ′ connected to the second elevating link 102b ′ rotates by the movement, and the third elevating third link 102c ′ rotates. The pump piston 93b in contact with the link 102c ′ is pushed into the pump cylinder 93a. When the force to depress the lifting / lowering pedal 101 is eliminated or weakened, the lifting / lowering pedal 101 depressed by the restoring force of the tension coil spring 103 returns to the original position and is pushed into the pump cylinder 93a by the restoring force of the compression coil spring 104. The pump piston 93b returns to the original position. Therefore, the pump piston 93b reciprocates by stepping on either the left or right lifting pedal 101. Reference numeral 116 denotes a rotation stopper that prevents the lifting / lowering pedal 101 from rotating backward.
In the case of the elevating link 102 of this elevating pedal mechanism, the elevating and lowering is performed between the elevating third link 102c ′ for pushing the pump piston 93b and the elevating first link 102a ′ rotating together with the elevating pedal 101. Since the second link 102b ′ is interposed, the rotating shaft 101a of the lifting / lowering pedal 101 can be disposed at a position away from the position where the oil pump 93 is located. Further, even if the elevating pedal 101 is arranged in a straight line without being bent, the elevating pedal 101 can be configured not to contact the base member 32 of the carriage 3. Accordingly, the pedal portion of the lifting / lowering pedal 101 moves away from the base member 32 of the carriage 3 and the amount L of the stepped-on pedal portion moving toward the rotating shaft 101a side of the lifting / lowering pedal 101 can be reduced. Thus, the operator's foot can be prevented from coming into contact with the base member 32 of the carriage 3.
In addition, the material of each member which comprises the stretcher 1 demonstrated above can select suitably the metal material or synthetic resin etc. which have required or desirable mechanical strength, lightness, weather resistance, workability, etc. is there. For example, the frame 20 can be reduced in weight while having the necessary strength of the stretcher 1 by being made of a light alloy.
The above-described embodiment is an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. For example, the configuration itself of the stretcher body 2 is not necessarily limited to the example of the above-described embodiment, and the present invention may be applied to a known or new stretcher body 2.
Further, in the above-described embodiment, the stretcher body 2 is attached to the third support shaft 47 and the fourth support shaft 48. Any structure may be used as long as the stretcher body 2 is supported by the parallel moving part. Thereby, the stretcher body 2 can be lifted and lowered in parallel to the carriage 3.
Further, the number of expansion / contraction mechanisms 5 is not limited to one, and a plurality of expansion / contraction mechanisms 5 may be provided. Furthermore, in this case, a plurality of actuating mechanisms 54 described in the first embodiment may be connected to transmit the rotation of one actuating mechanism 54 to another actuating mechanism 54. For example, when two telescopic mechanisms 5 are provided, two second bevel gears 542 are provided on the drive side actuating mechanism 54 and the second bevel gears 542 of the drive side and driven side actuating mechanisms 54 face each other. The second bevel gears 542 arranged and opposed to each other are connected by, for example, a connecting shaft or the like. When the opposing second bevel gears 542 are simply connected to each other, the rotation direction of the first bevel gear 541 is reversed between the drive side actuating mechanism 54 and the driven side actuating mechanism 54. Therefore, the screw rods 531 of the adjacent screw moving mechanisms 53 reverse the screw directions. Thereby, the slider 532 moves in the same direction. By providing a plurality of expansion / contraction mechanisms 5, there are advantages such as increased rigidity. Furthermore, a handle portion 59 that gives rotational input to the actuate mechanism 54 may be provided on both the left and right sides of the stretcher 1.
Further, the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 is not limited to the one that expands / contracts using the operator's force, but may be one that expands / contracts electrically. For example, the present invention is not limited to one in which the second bevel gear 542 is manually rotated using the handle portion 59. FIG. As shown in 68, the motor 114 may be attached to the base 51, and the second bevel gear 542 may be rotated electrically. In this case, a switch for operating the motor 114 is provided, and the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 is electrically expanded / contracted by the switch operation. Further, the screw rod 531 may be directly rotated by the motor 114 without using the bevel gear. Further, a reduction gear train may be provided between the motor 114 and the screw rod 531 to reduce the rotation of the motor 114 and transmit it to the screw rod 531. In the case where the telescopic mechanism 5 ′ having the hydraulic cylinder 91 is employed, an electric pump may be used as the oil pump.
Further, the rotation of the motor 114 or the handle portion 59 is not necessarily limited to the one that transmits the rotation of the motor 114 or the handle portion 59 to the screw rod 531 via the bevel gears 541 and 542. You may make it transmit to the screw rod 531 or the slider 532 via wire conduction, chain conduction, etc.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Technical field
The present invention relates to a stretcher that can be changed into a wheelchair. More specifically, the present invention relates to a stretcher having a mechanism for raising and lowering a stretcher body that can be changed in shape from a bed to a chair or vice versa.
Background art
As a conventional stretcher provided with the raising / lowering mechanism, there exists a thing of the structure which connected between the trolley | bogie provided with a caster and a stretcher main body by the X-type link which is disclosed by Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2001-95885, for example. In this stretcher lifting mechanism, the distance between the tips of the X-shaped links is reduced to extend the X-shaped links in the vertical direction to increase the height of the stretcher body, and conversely, the distance between the tips of the X-shaped links is increased. The link is extended horizontally to reduce the height of the stretcher body.
However, in the elevating mechanism using the X-shaped link, a large force is required to raise and lower the stretcher main body while the patient is placed on the stretcher, which is a heavy labor. Moreover, in order to maintain the height of the stretcher main body constant, it is necessary to prevent the X-type link from spreading due to the weight of the patient or the like. For this purpose, a lock mechanism that firmly fixes the X-type link. Is required separately. Furthermore, since a caregiver or the like directly grabs the stretcher body and lifts or lowers it, there is a possibility that a hand or an object may be caught in the X-shaped link.
On the other hand, a configuration is also conceivable in which the stretcher body is directly supported via a hydraulic cylinder device arranged vertically on the carriage, and the stretcher body is moved up and down by an expansion and contraction operation of the hydraulic cylinder device. However, it is difficult to stably support the stretcher body on which the patient rides with only one hydraulic cylinder device, and it is also difficult to satisfy the required strength. Further, when the stretcher body is supported by two or more hydraulic cylinder units, the cost becomes high. Moreover, since the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder device cannot be made longer than the cylinder length, a large stroke cannot be obtained unless a large hydraulic cylinder device is used, but the minimum height of the stretcher body can be obtained using a large hydraulic cylinder device. There is a problem that cannot be reduced. For this reason, it is difficult to obtain a wide stroke from a low position to a high position by adjusting the height of the stretcher body to the height of the transfer destination or transfer source of the patient.
Disclosure of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a stretcher capable of raising and lowering a stretcher body safely and easily even when a patient is on the stretcher and obtaining a sufficient raising and lowering stroke.
In order to achieve this object, a stretcher that can be changed in shape to a wheelchair according to the present invention has a stretcher body that can be folded into a chair and a carriage that supports the stretcher body, and is a parallelogram. A four-joint parallel link mechanism that supports four stretch fulcrums, two of which are fixed to the carriage, and that support the stretcher body at a portion that translates relative to the carriage. And a telescopic mechanism arranged in a positional relationship for pivoting the four-joint parallel link mechanism by expanding and contracting.
Accordingly, when the four-joint parallel link mechanism is rotated by the extension / contraction operation of the extension / contraction mechanism, the stretcher body supported by the parallel-moving portion of the four-joint parallel link mechanism maintains a predetermined posture with respect to the carriage. Move up and down while maintaining the angle. When the length of the expansion / contraction mechanism is fixed, the height of the stretcher body is maintained constant, so that it is not necessary to provide a separate lock mechanism. Moreover, there is no possibility that a hand or an object will be pinched like an X-shaped link. Therefore, the stretcher body can be raised and lowered safely and easily. Further, the range in which the stretcher body moves up and down is determined by the range in which the four-bar parallel link mechanism rotates, so that the stretcher body can be moved up and down beyond the stroke of the telescopic mechanism itself.
Here, the telescopic mechanism is attached to the base, a moving part movable relative to the base, a screw moving mechanism that is provided between the base and the moving part and moves the moving part by rotating, and a base. It is preferable to include an actuating mechanism that rotates the screw moving mechanism. In this case, the moving part can be expanded and contracted with respect to the base part by rotating the screw moving mechanism by an actuating mechanism manually operated by a motor or a handle. Since the rotation operation is converted into the expansion / contraction operation, the load during operation can be reduced.
The actuating mechanism further includes a handle portion that provides rotational input, and the screw moving mechanism is a screw rod that is attached to the base and arranged in the sliding direction, and a screw rod that is attached to the moving portion and screwed into the screw rod. And the actuator mechanism includes a first bevel gear that rotates the screw rod and at least one second bevel gear that meshes with the first bevel gear, and the second bevel gear rotates in conjunction with the handle portion. It is preferable to be connected to the handle portion.
In this case, by rotating the handle portion, the second bevel gear rotates. In conjunction with this, the first bevel gear rotates, the screw rod rotates, and the slider moves along the screw rod. Thereby, a moving part can be expanded-contracted with respect to a base. The stretcher body can be easily moved up and down by operating the handle, and further, since electricity is not required, it is possible to avoid the danger of being unable to operate due to power failure in an emergency.
The second bevel gear and the handle portion are preferably connected via a universal shaft joint. In this case, rotation input can be given to the second bevel gear while following the expansion / contraction mechanism that rotates together with the four-joint parallel link mechanism by the expansion / contraction operation.
Furthermore, when the actuating mechanism has a motor, the expansion / contraction mechanism can be expanded and contracted electrically by a switch operation on the motor. The operator can raise and lower the stretcher body only by operating the switch, and the labor of the operator can be reduced.
Moreover, it is preferable to further include auxiliary means for generating auxiliary force in the direction in which the telescopic mechanism is extended or the direction in which the stretcher body is lifted with respect to the carriage. In this case, the force required for the expansion / contraction operation of the expansion / contraction mechanism can be further reduced.
The stretcher body includes a frame configured to be deformable into a chair by being folded, and a support member that is attached to the frame and supports a part of the patient's body, and the core of the support member or the support member At least the portion of the support surface that requires deformation is divided into a plurality of parts, and the divided core members or support members are connected by a flexible mechanism, and the flexible mechanisms are arranged in parallel at intervals. A fixed side member having a plurality of overlapping plates, a tilting side member having a plurality of overlapping plates alternately overlapping with the overlapping plate of the fixed side member, and the overlapping portion of each overlapping plate of the fixed side member and the tilting side member. And a biasing means for biasing the superposition plates in the superposition direction. The side member rotates around the connecting shaft and tilts a part of the core material or the support member, and maintains the angle and maintains the shape of the support surface by using the frictional force at the contact portion between the overlapping plates. Is preferred.
In this case, the patient who uses the stretcher is held in a stable sitting or supine posture or an easy sitting or supine posture by supporting a part of the body. In addition, for example, even if the posture when transferred to the bed or the posture after transfer is somewhat collapsed, the support member prevents a part of the body from protruding from the bed or the supine posture from collapse. Therefore, for the patient, it is not necessary to apply excessive force to maintain the posture, and even if it suddenly approaches the end of the bed by changing its posture or turning over, it may fall down accidentally. You can have a sense of security and trust that you don't.
The expansion / contraction mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder that expands when pressure oil is supplied and contracts when the pressure oil is discharged, and supplies and discharges pressure oil to the hydraulic cylinder by storing a certain amount of hydraulic oil. It is preferable to be a so-called hydraulic jack provided with a hydraulic supply / discharge section. In this case, when the oil supply operation is performed by the hydraulic supply / discharge section, the hydraulic cylinder is extended by the hydraulic pressure, and the stretcher body is raised. On the other hand, when the oil discharge operation is performed by the hydraulic supply / discharge section, the hydraulic pressure is reduced, the hydraulic cylinder contracts, and the stretcher body is lowered.
The hydraulic cylinder has a cylinder part, a piston part slidably inserted into the cylinder part, a cylinder chamber surrounded by the cylinder part and the piston part, and the hydraulic supply / discharge part includes an oil tank, An oil pump that sucks oil from the oil tank and pumps the sucked oil to the cylinder chamber, an oil discharge passage that connects the cylinder chamber and the oil tank, and a release device that opens and closes the oil discharge passage. Further, a lifting pedal that is displaceably mounted on the carriage, a lifting link that converts the displacement of the lifting pedal into an operation for the oil pump, a release pedal that is displaceably attached to the carriage, and the release pedal It is preferable to provide a release link that converts the displacement of the pedal into an operation on the release device.
In this case, the oil pump is actuated via the lifting link by an operation on the lifting pedal, the hydraulic cylinder is extended, and the stretcher body is raised. On the other hand, by operating the release pedal, the release device is operated via the release link, the hydraulic cylinder contracts, and the stretcher body is lowered. The operator does not need to bend down to the lower part of the stretcher and can perform the expansion / contraction operation of the expansion / contraction mechanism by stepping.
Here, it is preferable that the aforementioned lifting pedal and release pedal are provided on both the left and right sides of the carriage. In this case, the operator does not have to go around to the side where the pedal is, and can quickly move the stretcher body up and down.
The elevating pedal is rotatably attached to the carriage, the elevating link is a first elevating link that rotates integrally with the elevating pedal, and a first elevating link that is rotatably supported by the carriage. In addition, it is preferable to have a second elevating link that contacts the oil pump and applies a pressing force to the oil pump by rotating in conjunction with the rotation of the first elevating link. In this configuration, the number of links can be reduced, so the configuration can be made compact, and there is no need to reduce the thickness of the component because there is room for the component storage space, so the strength of the component can be made sufficiently high. As a result, it is possible to reduce the cost, and the advantage that the cost can be reduced can be obtained.
The elevating pedal is rotatably attached to the carriage, and the elevating link is a first elevating link that rotates integrally with the elevating pedal, and a second elevating link that is rotatably connected to the first elevating link. A link and a third elevating link that is rotatably connected to the second elevating link and rotatably supported with respect to the carriage, and the second elevating link is formed by the rotation of the first elevating link. It moves, and the 3rd link for raising / lowering rotates by the said movement, and you may make it give a pressing force to an oil pump. In this configuration, since the second lifting link is interposed between the third lifting link for operating the oil pump and the first lifting link that rotates integrally with the lifting pedal, the rotation of the lifting pedal The shaft can be placed at a position away from the position where the oil pump is located, and even if the lifting / lowering pedal is placed in a horizontal shape instead of being bent, the lifting / lowering pedal is not in contact with the carriage. it can. For this reason, the pedal part of the lifting / lowering pedal can be arranged away from the carriage, the amount of the pedal part that is stepped on can be reduced to the rotating shaft side of the lifting / lowering pedal, and the operator's foot operating the lifting / lowering pedal can be Can be prevented from touching.
Further, the expansion / contraction mechanism that expands and contracts by supplying and discharging pressure oil preferably includes a brake mechanism that increases the force required to displace the release pedal as the release pedal displacement increases. In this case, the operation amount for the release device can be reduced by depressing the release pedal with a light force, and the operation amount for the release device can be increased by depressing the release pedal with a strong force. For example, when the release pedal is depressed with a light force, the expansion / contraction mechanism is operated when a relatively large load is applied to contract the expansion / contraction mechanism, such as when a person is placed on the stretcher body. When the release pedal is depressed with a stronger force, the expansion / contraction mechanism can be smoothly contracted by the weight of the stretcher body. Therefore, the stretcher body can be lowered at an appropriate speed according to the situation by the strength of the force to depress the release pedal.
In addition, the brake mechanism described above is in a non-engagement relationship between the pressing member that is integrally displaced with the release pedal and the pressing member when the release pedal is displaced within a certain range, and the release pedal that exceeds the certain range. It is preferable to have an elastic member that engages with the pressing member due to the displacement of the elastic member and elastically deforms according to the displacement of the pressing member. In this case, by pressing the release pedal with a light force until the pressing member contacts the elastic member, the amount of operation with respect to the release device can be reduced. After the pressing member contacts the elastic member, the force is released with a stronger force. By depressing the pedal, the amount of operation for the release device can be increased.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the above-mentioned expansion / contraction mechanism further includes an adjusting unit that adjusts the positional relationship between the pressing member and the elastic member. In this case, the range in which the release pedal can be depressed with a light force can be adjusted.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
1 to 53 show an embodiment of the stretcher of the present invention. This stretcher 1 that can be changed into a wheelchair has a stretcher body 2 that can be folded into a chair and a carriage 3 that supports the stretcher body 2, and has four rotation fulcrums forming a parallelogram. Of the four-joint parallel link mechanism 4 and the four-joint parallel link mechanism 4 that are fixed to the carriage 3 and that support the stretcher body 2 at a portion that translates relative to the carriage 3. It has an expansion / contraction mechanism 5 arranged in a positional relationship for rotating the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 by restricting rotation and expanding / contracting. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the stretcher body 2 is not shown.
In this embodiment, the cart 3 has four wheels 31 on the front, rear, left, and right, and is configured to form a frame shape. More specifically, the carriage 3 in the present embodiment has two base members 32 with wheels 31 attached to the front and rear and arranged in parallel on both sides of the stretcher 1, and orthogonal to these base members 32. These base members 32 have a front connecting member 33 that connects the front and a rear connecting member 34 that connects the rear. The base member 32 and the front connecting member 33, and the base member 32 and the rear connecting member 34 are integrally fixed by, for example, welding or screwing, and constitute a frame-shaped carriage 3. The front connecting member 33 is formed, for example, by bending the vicinity of both ends so that the central portion 33a is positioned on the grounding surface side of the base member 32 so as not to hinder the rotating operation of the four-node parallel link mechanism 4. ing.
The link support member 41 plays a role of fixing the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 to the carriage 3. For example, in the present embodiment, two link support members 41 are attached to the rear connection member 34. For example, the link support member 41 is provided with a hole through which the rear connection member 34 passes, and the link support member 41 is connected to the rear connection member by, for example, screwing in a state where the rear connection member 34 is passed through the hole. 34 is fixed. The rear connecting member 34 has a non-circular cross section, for example, a substantially elliptical shape, so as to prohibit the rotation of the link support member 41, for example.
The four-node parallel link mechanism 4 in the present embodiment includes a first link member 42 and a second link member 43 that are rotatably supported by the link support member 41, and a link support member 41 of the first link member 42 and the second link member 43. And a third link member 44 that is connected to the free end side with a pair. A first support shaft 45 that rotatably supports the first link member 42 and a second support shaft 46 that rotatably supports the second link member 43 are attached between the two link support members 41. ing. The first support shaft 45 and the second support shaft 46 are arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the rear connecting member 34 and are fixed to the link support member 41 by, for example, screwing or the like. A third support shaft 47 is arranged in parallel with the first support shaft 45 on the free end side of the first link member 42 with respect to the link support member 41. Further, a fourth support shaft 48 is disposed in parallel with the second support shaft 46 on the free end side of the second link member 43 with respect to the link support member 41. The third link member 44 is provided with a hole through which the third support shaft 47 and the fourth support shaft 48 can rotate, and the third support shaft 47 and the fourth support shaft 48 pass through the hole. As a result, the third link members 44 are connected. The first link member 42 has a first cylindrical body 421 that is rotatably supported by the first support shaft 45 through the first support shaft 45, and a third support shaft 47 through which the third support shaft 47 passes. The 3rd cylinder 422 supported so that rotation is possible, and it is arranged so that it may intersect perpendicularly to the 1st spindle 45 and the 3rd spindle 47, and it connects the 1st cylinder 421 and the 3rd cylinder 422. And two first connecting rods 423. The first connecting rod 423 is formed in a pipe shape, for example, and is fixed to the first cylinder 421 and the third cylinder 422 by welding or the like. The second link member 43 has a configuration similar to that of the first link member 42, and the second cylindrical body 431 that is rotatably supported by the second support shaft 46 through the second support shaft 46; A fourth cylindrical body 432, through which the fourth support shaft 48 passes and is rotatably supported by the fourth support shaft 48, is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the second support shaft 46 and the fourth support shaft 48. It has two parallel connecting rods 433 that connect the two cylinders 431 and the fourth cylinder 432. The second connecting rod 433 is formed in a pipe shape, for example, and is fixed to the second cylinder body 431 and the fourth cylinder body 432 by welding or the like. The first to fourth support shafts 45, 46, 47, and 48 that serve as the rotation fulcrum form a parallelogram, and the link support member 41, the first link member 42, the second link member 43, and the third link member 44 form four nodes A parallel link mechanism 4 is configured.
The expansion / contraction mechanism 5 functions to receive and support the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 that is about to rotate by a load acting on the stretcher body 2 to restrict the rotation of the four-node parallel link mechanism 4, and to expand / contract 4 by expanding and contracting. The joint parallel link mechanism 4 is rotated to adjust the height of the stretcher body 2 with respect to the carriage 3. The load acting on the stretcher body 2 corresponds to, for example, the weight of the stretcher body 2 and the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 plus the weight of a person or object placed on the stretcher body 2.
The expansion / contraction mechanism 5 can support and support the rotation of the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 by receiving and supporting the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 that is about to rotate by a load acting on the stretcher body 2. The four-joint parallel link mechanism 4 is disposed at a position where the four-joint parallel link mechanism 4 can be rotated by expanding and contracting. For example, in the telescopic mechanism 5 in this embodiment, one end side is rotatably attached to the third support shaft 47 and the other end side is rotatably attached to the link support member 41. However, the position where the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 is attached is not limited to this example.
The link support member 41 in the present embodiment also has a role of supporting the expansion / contraction mechanism 5. In this case, compared with the case where the member which supports the expansion-contraction mechanism 5 is separately provided in the trolley | bogie 3, there exist effects, such as reduction of a number of parts. A fifth support shaft 50 that rotatably supports the telescopic mechanism 5 is attached between the two link support members 41 in a positional relationship that is parallel to the first support shaft 45 and the second support shaft 46. The fifth spindle 50 is fixed to the link support member 41 by screwing or the like, for example. Further, for example, in the present embodiment, the first support shaft 45, the second support shaft 46, and the fifth support shaft 50 are attached to the link support member 41 so that the points serving as the respective rotation centers are aligned on a straight line. The link support member 41 is attached to the base member 32 such that its longitudinal direction is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the base member 32, and the fifth support shaft 50 → second support is provided rearward and upward. The shaft 46 is arranged in the order of the first support shaft 45. For this reason, the telescopic mechanism 5 is substantially V-shaped with respect to the link support member 41 and receives and supports the four-node parallel link mechanism 4. The telescopic mechanism 5 is disposed between the first connecting rod 423, the second connecting rod 433, and the third link member 44.
The expansion / contraction mechanism 5 is a member that moves integrally with the stretcher body 2 or the stretcher body 2 while receiving a load acting on the stretcher body 2, for example, in this embodiment, a connection point to the third support shaft 47, the carriage 3 or Any member can be used as long as the distance between the member integrated with the carriage 3, for example, the connection point with respect to the fifth support shaft 50 in this embodiment can be expanded and contracted. For example, in this embodiment, the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 using a screw structure is employed. More specifically, the telescopic mechanism 5 in the present embodiment includes, as shown in FIG. A screw moving mechanism 53 that is provided and rotates to move the moving part 52 and an actuating mechanism 54 that is attached to the base 51 and rotates the screw moving mechanism 53 are provided. However, the structure of the telescopic mechanism 5 is not limited to this example.
The screw moving mechanism 53 includes a screw rod 531 attached to the base 51 and arranged in the axial direction of the base 51, and a slider 532 attached to the moving portion 52 and screwed with the screw rod 531. The actuate mechanism 54 includes a first bevel gear 541 that rotates the screw rod 531 and at least one second bevel gear 542 that meshes with the first bevel gear 541. The base 51 is, for example, a large-diameter pipe, and the moving unit 52 is, for example, a small-diameter pipe. The moving part 52 is inserted in the base part 51 so that it can appear and disappear. A sliding sleeve 55 that slidably supports the moving portion 52 is fitted into the end of the base portion 51 on the moving portion 52 side. The sliding sleeve 55 of the present embodiment abuts on the slider 532 at the maximum extension position of the moving part 52 and also has a function of defining the maximum extension position of the moving part 52. The end of the base 51 that is a counter electrode with the sliding sleeve 55 is closed by fitting a base end member 56. The base end member 56 is provided with an actuating mechanism 54. On the other hand, the slider 532 of the screw moving mechanism 53 is fitted into the end of the moving unit 52 on the base 51 side. An eighth cylinder 57 through which the third support shaft 47 penetrates rotatably is fixed, for example, by welding or the like, at the end of the moving portion 52 that is a counter electrode with the slider 532. Near the end of the base 51, two ninth cylinders 58 into which two fifth support shafts 50 arranged on both sides are rotatably fitted are fixed by, for example, welding.
The actuating mechanism 54 is rotatably attached so as to mesh with the first bevel gear 541 attached to the base end member 56 so as to be rotatable in the axial direction of the base portion 51. A second bevel gear 542 is provided. One second bevel gear 542 is provided, for example, and meshes with the first bevel gear 541 at an axial angle, that is, a crossing angle of 90 degrees. The first and second bevel gears 541 and 542 are bevel gears having the same tooth shape. However, the first bevel gear 541 has a larger diameter and a larger number of teeth than the second bevel gear 542. For example, when the first bevel gear 541 makes one rotation, the second bevel gear 542 makes about two rotations, preferably 1.3 rotations. That is, for example, when the second bevel gear 542 rotates 1.3 times, the screw rod 531 rotates once.
As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the tooth portions of the first and second bevel gears 541 and 542 have a conical angle on the root 501 while the tooth top is parallel to the rotation axis. It consists of a surface 500b orthogonal to the surface 500a. That is, the valley portion that becomes the tooth bottom 501 is formed along a conical surface, but the tooth crest is a triangle formed by a cylindrical surface 500a such as a crown gear and a plane 500b orthogonal to the rotation axis. It has a shaped face. By forming the tooth portions of the first and second bevel gears 541 and 542 in this way, the tooth crest can be made higher than the tooth bottom at the outer diameter portion, and the meshing surfaces can be widened in a triangular shape. It is possible to transmit a large torque. Further, the tooth is partly cut down on the inner diameter side near the surface 500b so that the teeth mesh smoothly, but in some cases, the tooth may not be cut down. That is, the first and second bevel gears 541 and 542 can be made small and capable of transmitting a large torque.
On the bottom surface of the first bevel gear 541, for example, a hexagonal hole 541a which is a hexagonal hole is formed. The upper end portion 531a of the screw rod 531 is formed with an attachment portion that fits into the hexagon hole 541a, and the attachment portion is inserted into the hexagon hole 541a. The upper end portion 531a of the screw rod 531 is formed, for example, in the shape of a shaft having a circular cross section, and is supported by a thrust bearing 561. When Both of them are provided with a pin 562 for preventing slipping that engages with the thrust bearing 561. The screw rod 531 and the first bevel gear 541 may be integrated by, for example, fixing the screw rod 531 and the shaft portion 541b of the first bevel gear 541 with a screw that penetrates. good. As a result, the screw rod 531 is rotatably attached to the base end member 56 and rotates integrally with the first bevel gear 541. On the other hand, the second bevel gear 542 is rotatably supported by a support member 563 that is fixed to the base end member 56 by screwing or the like. For example, a C-ring 564 for preventing removal is attached to a portion of the second bevel gear 542 exposed from the support member 563.
Further, the screw teeth formed on the screw rod 531 are formed so that the cross-sectional shape is a trapezoid as shown in FIG. 8, for example. Thus, it becomes easy to transmit a big torque by making the cross-sectional shape of a tooth into a trapezoid. Further, since the cross-sectional shape of the teeth is trapezoidal, the screw rod 531 does not rotate even when the axial force of the screw rod 531 acts on the slider 532. Therefore, the screw moving mechanism 53 is not reversed by the load acting on the stretcher body 2 and the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 is naturally contracted, and a complicated mechanism for maintaining the height is not required. On the other hand, an internal thread portion 533 that meshes with the threaded rod 531 is fixed inside the slider 532 by, for example, screwing. Therefore, when the screw rod 531 rotates, the slider 532 moves up and down along the screw rod 531 to move the moving portion 52 in the axial direction of the base portion 51.
The second bevel gear 542 in the actuate mechanism 54 is connected to, for example, the handle portion 59, and is configured such that the second bevel gear 542 rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the handle portion 59. Here, the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 in the present embodiment rotates together with the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 by an expansion / contraction operation. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the handle portion 59 and the actuating mechanism 54 are connected using a universal shaft joint in order to give a rotational input to the second bevel gear 542 while following the rotating telescopic mechanism 5. ing. For example, the shaft portion 542a of the second bevel gear 542 and one end of the connecting shaft 591 are connected by the first universal shaft joint 592, and the other end of the connecting shaft 591 and the handle portion 59 are connected to the second portion. They are connected by a universal shaft joint 593. The first universal shaft joint 592 and the second universal shaft joint 593 are, for example, well-known cruciform universal shaft joints. The handle portion 59 has a rotation shaft rotatably attached to the cover body 594, and the cover body 594 is fixed to the rear connection member 34 by welding or the like so as to cover the connection shaft 591.
Furthermore, for example, in this embodiment, in order to reduce the operation force accompanying the expansion / contraction operation of the expansion / contraction mechanism 5, an auxiliary force is generated in the direction in which the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 is extended or the stretcher body 2 is lifted with respect to the carriage 3. Auxiliary means is provided. The auxiliary means of this embodiment is, for example, a spring that stores a restoring force to the original state by elastic deformation. For example, in this embodiment, auxiliary means is built in the base 51 of the telescopic mechanism 5. In this case, there is an advantage that the spring as the auxiliary means is not visible from the outside, the appearance is good, and an accident such as a hand being caught in the spring as the auxiliary means can be prevented. For example, a compression coil spring 510 as an auxiliary means is disposed between a flange 565 provided on the base end member 56 and a flange 532 a provided on the outer periphery of the slider 532. The flanges 565 and 532a are set in consideration of, for example, the maximum extension position and the maximum contraction position of the moving unit 52. However, the position where the auxiliary means is disposed may be a position where an auxiliary force can be generated in the direction in which the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 is extended or the stretcher body 2 is lifted with respect to the carriage 3, and is limited to the above example. It is not a thing.
The stretcher body 2 is attached to a portion of the four-bar parallel link mechanism 4 that moves in parallel with the carriage 3. For example, in this embodiment, the stretcher body 2 is attached to the third support shaft 47 and the fourth support shaft 48. Therefore, the stretcher body 2 moves in parallel with the carriage 3 by the rotation of the four-node parallel link mechanism 4. That is, the second bevel gear 542 is rotated by the rotation operation of the handle portion 59, whereby the first bevel gear 541 is rotated and the screw rod 531 is rotated. Thereby, the slider 532 moves along the screw rod 531, the moving part 52 moves in the axial direction, and the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 extends or contracts. As the telescopic mechanism 5 expands and contracts, the four-bar parallel link mechanism 4 rotates, and the stretcher body 2 moves up or down in parallel to the carriage 3.
According to the lifting mechanism of the stretcher 1, the height can be adjusted with a light handle operating force even when a strong load is applied to the stretcher body 2, for example, when a patient is placed on the stretcher 1. . By using the auxiliary means, the operation force is further reduced. Further, since the screw rod 531 does not rotate even if a sliding force is applied to the slider 532, the stretcher body 2 is not lowered by the load acting on the stretcher body 2, and the height is maintained. No complicated mechanism is required. Furthermore, since the telescopic mechanism 5 of the present embodiment does not require electricity, there is no danger of being unable to operate because the power cannot be taken in an emergency.
Next, the stretcher body 2 will be described. The stretcher body 2 in this embodiment is composed of a bed with a flat upper surface shown in FIG. 4 and a seatable chair shown in FIG. The form can be changed. In this embodiment, in order to enable such a change in the shape of the stretcher body 2, a frame is formed by a frame 20 made of a round pipe assembled in a foldable manner. According to this frame 20, the rotating mechanism can be constituted by a rotating pair such as a hinge formed of round pipes having different diameters, and the extending / contracting mechanism can be constituted by a sliding pair constituted by pipes having different diameters.
In the frame 20 in the present embodiment, for example, a back portion 21, a seat portion 22, and a leg portion 23 are connected to each other so as to be bendable. . In addition, when the stretcher 1 whose shape has been changed to a bed is shown mainly by the frame 20 as shown in FIG.
For example, the back portion 21 connects the two first vertical pipes 210 arranged in parallel, the first base plate 211 that connects the first vertical pipes 210, and the lower end side of the first vertical pipe 210 and the first part. The first horizontal pipe 212 is rotatably supported by the bending shaft 11. In addition, the intermediate pipe 213 is fixed to a substantially intermediate position of the first vertical pipe 210 by, for example, welding or the like in a direction orthogonal to the first vertical pipe 210 and toward the outside with respect to the first vertical pipe 210. ing. A substantially U-shaped first pushing pipe 214 is fixed to the intermediate pipe 213, and an armrest 73 is rotatably attached to the end of the intermediate pipe 213.
Further, for example, the seat portion 22 includes two second vertical pipes 220 having one end side rotatably supported by the first bending shaft 11 and the other end side rotatably supported by the second bending shaft 12, A second horizontal pipe 221 that connects the two vertical pipes 220 on the first bent shaft 11 side, a third horizontal pipe 222 that connects the second vertical pipe 220 on the second bent shaft 12 side, and a second horizontal pipe 221 on one end side. Two first support pipes 223 that are fixed to the other end and rotatably supported by the third support shaft 47, and one end side is rotatably supported by the third support shaft 47 and the other end is the second end. And two second support pipes 224 that are rotatably supported by the bending shaft 12. The first support pipe 223 and the second support pipe 224 are fixed to a fifth cylinder 225 that is rotatably attached to the third support shaft 47 so as to form a substantially V shape in a side view.
For example, the leg portion 23 includes two third vertical pipes 230 whose one end side is rotatably supported by the second bending shaft 12, and a second base plate 231 that connects the third vertical pipes 230. Composed.
Furthermore, the frame 20 in this embodiment includes an interlocking mechanism 24 that interlocks the back portion 21 and the leg portion 23. The interlocking mechanism 24 includes, for example, two first interlocking tools 240 fixed to the first horizontal pipe 212, two second interlocking tools 241 rotatably supported on the second bending shaft 12, and a first interlocking mechanism. Two interlocking links 242 that connect the tool 240 and the second interlocking tool 241, and a fourth horizontal pipe 243 that is arranged to engage with the second interlocking tool 241 and is fixed to the third vertical pipe 230. It is comprised.
A first interlocking shaft 244 having an axial direction parallel to the first bending shaft 11 is fixed to the first interlocking tool 240, and the second interlocking tool 241 has an axial direction parallel to the second bending shaft 12. The second interlocking shaft 245 having the same is fixed. One end of the interlocking link 242 is rotatably supported by the first interlocking shaft 244, and the other end is rotatably supported by the second interlocking shaft 245. The fourth horizontal pipe 243 is disposed so as to be orthogonal to the third vertical pipe 230, and is fixed to the grounding surface side of the two third vertical pipes 230 in the vicinity of the second bending shaft 12 by welding or the like. . The fourth horizontal pipe 243 comes into contact with the second interlocking tool 241 by the weight of the leg portion 23.
For example, in the present embodiment, the rotation centers of the first bending shaft 11, the second bending shaft 12, the first interlocking shaft 244, and the second interlocking shaft 245 are set to form a parallelogram in a side view. The first vertical pipe 210 and the third vertical pipe 230 are set so that their longitudinal directions are parallel. Therefore, when the back portion 21 rotates about the first bending shaft 11, the first interlocking tool 240 also rotates integrally with the back portion 21 and rotates about the first bending shaft 11. The rotation operation is transmitted to the second interlocking tool 241 via the interlocking link 242, and the second interlocking tool 241 rotates around the second bending shaft 12 while pushing the fourth horizontal pipe 243. As a result, the leg portion 23 rotates around the second bending shaft 12. That is, the leg portion 23 also rotates about the second bending axis 12 by the amount that the back portion 21 rotates about the first bending axis 11.
Further, for example, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment includes a deformation control mechanism 25 that restricts free rotation of the back portion 21. The deformation control mechanism 25 includes, for example, a third interlocking tool 250 fixed to the first horizontal pipe 212, and a deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 that connects the third interlocking tool 250 and the third horizontal pipe 222. Configured. The third interlocking tool 250 is fixed at the center of the first horizontal pipe 212.
The deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 can be expanded / contracted between a preset maximum length and the shortest length, and can be fixed at an arbitrary length between the maximum length and the shortest length. As such a deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251, for example, in the present embodiment, the cylinder portion 251 a, the rod portion 251 b that is incorporated in the cylinder portion 251 a so as to be extendable / contracted, and the rod portion 251 b inside the cylinder portion 251 a are arranged. A so-called not-shown coil spring, and a so-called operation means (not shown) that switches between a locked state in which the coil spring is wound around the rod portion 251b and a loosely unlocked state. A so-called mechanical lock is used. Therefore, if the coil spring is loosened by the operating means, the rod portion 251b can be expanded and contracted between the maximum length and the shortest length, and if the coil spring is tightened by the operating means, the rod portion 251b is locked so as not to expand and contract. However, the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 may be any mechanism that can expand and contract and can be locked, and the structure thereof is not limited to the example of the present embodiment. For example, a well-known gas spring with a lock mechanism may be employed as the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251. A gas spring with a lock mechanism is a cylinder device that contains gas inside, and has a valve that opens and closes the movement path of the enclosed fluid and an operating means such as a lever that opens and closes the valve, allowing movement of the enclosed fluid. By doing so, the lock can be expanded and contracted, and the locked fluid cannot be expanded and contracted by prohibiting the movement of the sealed fluid.
For example, a third interlocking shaft 252 that is coaxial with the first interlocking shaft 244 is fixed to the third interlocking tool 250, and the cylinder portion 251 a of the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 is rotatable about the third interlocking shaft 252. Supported. In addition, a set of brackets 253 is fixed to the third horizontal pipe 222 by welding or the like, for example, and a rod portion 251b of the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 is rotatably supported on an axis fixed to the bracket 253. .
Therefore, when the length of the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 is fixed, the second vertical pipe 220, the third interlocking tool 250, and the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 form a triangular fixed link, and the third interlocking tool. The rotation of the first horizontal pipe 212 integrated with 250 around the first bending axis 11 is locked. Therefore, the back portion 21 and the leg portion 23 are positioned. On the other hand, if the rod portion 251b can be freely expanded and contracted by operating the operating means (not shown), the lock of the first horizontal pipe 212 is released, and the back portion 21 can rotate about the first bending shaft 11. That is, the stretcher body 2 can be appropriately transformed into a chair state or a desired link lining position or bed state. For example, in the present embodiment, the stretcher body 2 is set to be in a bed state when the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251 has the shortest length. In order to obtain an appropriate reaction force when the stretcher 1 is deformed, means for accumulating the return force to the original position by displacing, for example, a spring, around the rod portion 251b or inside the cylinder portion 251a or the third interlocking shaft. You may make it provide between 252 and the axis | shaft fixed to the bracket 253. FIG. Further, a shock absorber that generates resistance to the expansion / contraction operation of the deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251, for example, a well-known oil damper having a speed proportional type attenuation may be provided.
Further, for example, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment includes an angle adjustment mechanism 26 that adjusts the inclination of the stretcher body 2 with respect to the carriage 3. The angle adjustment mechanism 26 includes a tilt expansion / contraction mechanism 260 that couples the fourth support shaft 48 and the second bending shaft 12, and a shock absorber 261 that generates resistance to the expansion / contraction operation of the tilt expansion / contraction mechanism 260. Configured.
The tilting expansion / contraction mechanism 260 is a mechanism that can expand and contract between a preset maximum length and the shortest length, and can be fixed at an arbitrary length between the maximum length and the shortest length. As such a tilting expansion / contraction mechanism 260, for example, in this embodiment, similarly to the above-described deformation control expansion / contraction mechanism 251, a cylinder portion 260a, a rod portion 260b that can be expanded and contracted in the cylinder portion 260a, and a cylinder portion Switching between a coil spring (not shown) disposed around the rod portion 260b in the interior of 260a, and a locked state in which the coil spring is wound around the rod portion 260b and a loose unlocked state are omitted. A so-called mechanical lock constituted by operating means and the like is employed. The tilt expansion / contraction mechanism 260 only needs to be a mechanism that can be expanded and contracted and can be locked, and the structure thereof is not limited to the example of the present embodiment. For example, the well-known gas spring with a lock mechanism described above may be adopted as the tilt expansion / contraction mechanism 260.
The rod portion 260b of the tilting expansion / contraction mechanism 260 is fixed to the sixth cylindrical body 262 rotatably supported by the second bending shaft 12 by screwing or welding. The cylinder portion 260a of the tilting expansion / contraction mechanism 260 is fixed to the seventh cylindrical body 263 rotatably supported by the fourth support shaft 48 by screwing or welding. The shock absorber 261 is an oil damper which is a known viscous damper having, for example, a speed proportional type damping. The oil damper 261 is disposed, for example, so that the expansion / contraction direction is parallel to the tilt expansion / contraction mechanism 260. A set of brackets 264 for attaching the oil damper 261 is fixed to the sixth cylinder 262, and a shaft for rotatably supporting the piston portion 261b of the oil damper 261 is fixed between the brackets 264. Yes. A fixing tool 265 for attaching the oil damper 261 is fixed to the seventh cylinder 263 by, for example, welding, and the cylinder portion 261a of the oil damper 261 is fixed to the fixing tool 265 by, for example, screwing.
Accordingly, when the length of the tilt expansion / contraction mechanism 260 is fixed, the second support pipe 224, the third link member 44, and the tilt expansion / contraction mechanism 260 form a triangular fixed link, and the seat portion 22 is the carriage 3. Fixed against. In this embodiment, it is set so that the second vertical pipe 220 is horizontal, that is, the seat portion 22 is horizontal when the tilting expansion / contraction mechanism 260 has the shortest length. On the other hand, if the rod portion 260b can be freely expanded and contracted by operating the operating means (not shown), the stretching mechanism 260 for tilting is extended and the stretcher body 2 is tilted with respect to the carriage 3 as shown in FIG. Can do. Then, the stretcher body 2 can be fixed to the carriage 3 with a desired inclination. Further, due to the action of the oil damper 261, resistance is generated when the tilting expansion / contraction mechanism 260 is expanded / contracted, so that the stretcher main body 2 is prevented from being rapidly inclined with respect to the carriage 3. Thereby, dangers, such as a patient fall, can be prevented.
The stretcher 1 in this embodiment includes a headrest 13 that supports a patient's head. The headrest 13 is attached to a first slide plate 130 configured to be slidable with respect to the first base plate 211. Thereby, the position of the headrest 13 can be adjusted. The first slide plate 130 is slidably disposed with the two first vertical pipes 210 and the first base plate 211 as slide guides. In order to increase the rigidity, the side end portion of the first slide plate 130 is bent to form a rib.
The first base plate 211 and the first slide plate 130 are positioned by, for example, a first tightening screw 131 that passes through the first base plate 211 and the first slide plate 130 that are overlapped with each other. The first slide plate 130 is provided with a first long groove 132 in which the first tightening screw 131 is slidable in the sliding direction, and within a range defined by the first long groove 132, the first slide plate 130 is The first base plate 211 can be slid. The first tightening screw 131 is fixed integrally with a first operation knob 133 disposed on the back side of the first base plate 211 and is rotatably attached to the first base plate 211. The first female screw portion 134 that is screwed into the first tightening screw 131 is prohibited from rotating by being sandwiched between ribs provided on both side ends of the first slide plate 130, for example. Accordingly, the first slide plate 130 is fixed to the first base plate 211 by frictional force by tightening the first tightening screw 131 with the first operation knob 133. A head bracket 135 to which the headrest 13 is attached is fixed to the upper end portion of the first slide plate 130 by welding or the like. A frame-like second hand pushing pipe 136 that is curved toward the back side is fixed to the head bracket 135 by welding or the like.
Moreover, the stretcher 1 in this embodiment is also provided with the footrest 14 which supports a patient's step. The footrest 14 is attached to a second slide plate 140 configured to be slidable with respect to the second base plate 231. Thereby, the position of the footrest 14 can be adjusted. The structure of the second base plate 231 and the second slide plate 140 includes, for example, a second tightening screw 141, a second long groove 142, a second operation knob 143, and a second female screw portion 144. The structure is the same as that of the first slide plate 130. A foot support portion 145 is fixed to the lower end portion of the second slide plate 140 by welding or the like. The foot support 145 is formed so as to protrude about the thickness of the footrest 14 in a direction orthogonal to the third vertical pipe 230 and in a direction in which the patient's toe faces, and the foot support portion 145 is supported by the protruding tip portion. The shaft 146 is fixed. A foot frame 147 serving as a core material of the footrest 14 is rotatably attached to the foot support shaft 146. For example, the foot frame 147 is set so as to be able to rotate about 90 degrees between a position where it abuts on the third vertical pipe 230 and a position where it abuts on the foot support 145. Thereby, the footrest 14 is configured to be foldable.
Further, for example, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment has a structure capable of adjusting the depth and angle of the headrest 13 as shown in FIGS. More specifically, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment includes a first head support shaft 62a fixed to the head bracket 135, a second head support shaft 62b provided on the headrest 13, and a first head support shaft 62a. The depth and angle of the headrest 13 can be changed by a support arm 63 rotatably attached to the second head support shaft 62b.
The stretcher 1 according to this embodiment includes a rotation preventing member 66 having a pressed inclined portion 64 and a pressing portion 65, a wedge member 68 having a pressing inclined portion 67, and load applying means 69 for applying a load to the wedge member 68. An anti-rotation mechanism 61 is provided, and the angle of the support arm 63 around the first head support shaft 62a and the angle of the headrest 13 with respect to the support arm 63 can be fixed simultaneously.
As shown in FIGS. 23 to 25, the headrest 13 is rotatably attached to the distal end side of a support arm 63 that is rotatable about a first head support shaft 62a. It is possible to move in the front-rear direction when in the state, and in the up-down direction when in the bed state, and it is possible to adjust the inclination of the holding surface of the headrest 13 itself, that is, the surface holding the patient's head. For example, the first head support shaft 62a made of a pipe is fixed to the head bracket 135 by welding or the like, and the support arm 63 is rotatably attached to the first head support shaft 62a.
A pair of left and right brackets 614 are provided on the back surface, which is the surface opposite to the holding surface of the headrest 13. The bracket 614 is bent on the headrest 13 side, and the bent portion is fixed to the back surface of the headrest 13 with two screws 615 in total on the left and right sides. A second head support shaft 62b made of a pipe or the like is integrated with the left and right brackets 614 by welding or the like.
The support arm 63 is a member that is rotatably attached to the first head support shaft 62a at the proximal end side and rotatably supports the headrest 13 at the distal end side, and the relative rotation motion of both the shafts 62a and 62b by the rotation prevention mechanism 61. The headrest 13 is fixed at a desired position and angle, or the relative rotation motion of both the shafts 62a and 62b is allowed to change the position of the headrest 13 and the angle of the holding surface.
The support arm 63 has a first cover 616 and a second cover 617 that are substantially divided into two parts, and includes a rotation preventing member 66, a wedge member 68, and a load applying means 69. The pair of covers 616 and 617 have a semicircular recess, and are combined with the cover on the other side to form shaft holes 63a and 63b that rotatably support the shafts 62a and 62b. In the present embodiment, a bolt 69a and a nut 69b are used as the load applying means 69, and the pressing inclined portion 67 of the wedge member 68 is pressed against the pressed inclined portion 64 of the rotation preventing member 66 using these tightening forces. ing.
The anti-rotation member 66 is a member that presses the shafts 62a and 62b and tightens them between the shaft holes 63a and 63b to prevent rotational movement of the shafts 62a and 62b. As shown, it has a pressed inclined portion 64 that receives a pressing force and a pressing portion 65 that is pressed against the peripheral surfaces of the shafts 62a and 62b. 19 and 20 show the rotation preventing member 66 on the first head support shaft 62a side. As shown in FIG. 12, the anti-rotation member 66 has a pair of symmetrical members arranged symmetrically with respect to the two shafts 62a and 62b.
The pressed inclined portion 64 of the rotation preventing member 66 is provided so as to come into contact with the wedge member 68, as shown in FIG. The inclined surface is moved toward the second head spindle 62b. In the case of the present embodiment, the inclined portion 64 to be pressed is a flat surface whose inclination angle is equal to the inclination angle of the pressing inclined portion 67 and is in surface contact with the pressing inclined portion 67. Further, the pressing portion 65 that contacts the outer peripheral surfaces of the first head support shaft 62a and the second head support shaft 62b tightens the first head support shaft 62a and the second head support shaft 62b to the extent that they cannot rotate. A shape capable of generating an appropriate frictional force, for example, a substantially semicircular concave curved surface corresponding to the outer peripheral shape of the first head support shaft 62a and the second head support shaft 62b as in the present embodiment, and the shafts 62a and 62b A shape in which a large contact area is secured is preferable.
The wedge member 68 has a pressing inclined portion 67 that presses the pressed inclined portion 64 of the rotation preventing member 66 while sliding. The wedge member generated between the pressing inclined portion 67 and the pressed inclined portion 64 causes the rotation preventing member 66 to be It is a member pressed against the shafts 62a and 62b. As shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, the wedge member 68 of the present embodiment is rectangular in plan view, and has a substantially trapezoidal shape in front view provided with a pair of symmetrically inclined pressing inclined portions 67 on the surfaces of the shafts 62a and 62b. It is a member. The pressing inclined portion 67 has a flat surface as shown in the figure, and is formed so as to be in surface contact with the pressed inclined portion 64. Further, a through hole 68a through which the threaded portion of the bolt 69a passes is provided at the center of the wedge member 68. A part of the through-hole 68a, for example, the upper half, is a substantially rectangular recess 611 larger than the through-hole 68a. It can be accommodated in an impossible state. In this embodiment, the nut 69b is dropped into the recess 611 as shown in FIG.
The bolt 69 a and the nut 69 b functioning as the load applying means 69 apply a load so as to press the wedge member 68 against the pressed inclined portion 64 of the rotation preventing member 66. In the present embodiment, the head of the bolt 69a has a butterfly shape as shown in FIG. A resin washer 618 is provided between the head of the bolt 69a and the second cover 617 for the purpose of ensuring ease of slipping.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 15 to 18, through holes 621 and 623 with seats 622 and 624 through which the screw portion of the cover fastening bolt 619 can pass are communicated with the covers 616 and 617. Is provided. In the case of this embodiment, a bolt 619 is passed through each of the through holes 621 and 623 in a state where the covers 616 and 617 are combined, and the covers 616 and 617 are assembled by fitting with the nuts 620. The seat 622 of the nut 620 has a wall surface in contact with the side surface of the nut 620 as shown in FIG. 13, for example, and is formed so as to prevent the nut 620 from rotating.
At the center of the second cover 617, a through hole 610 is provided for allowing the threaded portion of the bolt 69a to pass therethrough. Although this through-hole 610 may be a round hole, it is preferably a long hole extending perpendicularly to both shafts 62a and 62b as in the present embodiment. In such a case, since the bolt 69a can be stroked in the long hole, the wedge member 68 can be moved toward and away from the shafts 62a and 62b by this stroke. Therefore, even if a bias occurs, for example, the pressing force on one rotation preventing member 66 is smaller than the pressing force on the other rotation preventing member 66 due to the shape error of the rotation preventing member 66 or the wedge member 68. The wedge member 68 strokes to absorb and equalize the bias of the pressing force, and press the rotation preventing member 66 against the first head support shaft 62a and the second head support shaft 62b with substantially equal force. For this reason, according to the rotation prevention mechanism 61 of this embodiment, it is possible to make both the shafts 62a and 62b relatively unrotatable almost simultaneously, or to allow relative rotation almost simultaneously.
The rotation prevention mechanism 61 in the stretcher 1 of this embodiment functions as follows.
First, when both shafts 62 a and 62 b are not tightened, the support arm 63 can rotate with respect to the frame 20, and the headrest 13 can rotate with respect to the support arm 63. Therefore, the headrest 13 can be moved in the front-rear direction while maintaining a constant inclination as shown in FIGS. Alternatively, an arbitrary inclination can be set at an arbitrary position.
Here, the headrest 13 is moved to a desired position, and if the holding surface can be adjusted to a desired angle, the bolt 69a is turned and tightened while maintaining the position and inclination. As a result, the wedge member 68 is pulled toward the head side of the bolt 69a, and the pressing inclined portion 67 of the wedge member 68 contacts the pressed inclined portion 64 of the rotation preventing member 66 and presses while sliding. Then, each rotation preventing member 66 receives the pressing force and moves outward, and the pressing portion 65 presses the first head supporting shaft 62a and the second head supporting shaft 62b, and these shaft shafts 63a, 63b The shafts 62a and 62b are tightened to prevent relative rotation. At this time, since both the shafts 62a and 62b are tightened almost simultaneously with substantially equal force, the support arm 63 and the headrest 13 can be fixed simultaneously only by the operation of tightening the bolt 69a. Directional positioning and tilt adjustment can be performed simultaneously. Further, since the bolt 69a and the nut 69b are less likely to loosen naturally and the shafts 62a and 62b are maintained in a tightened state, the headrest 13 is fixed at a desired position and angle and supports the head. There is no such thing as moving unexpectedly.
On the other hand, by loosening the tightened bolt 69a, the pressing force is released, and the support arm 63 and the headrest 13 can be rotated again. Therefore, in this state, the front-rear position and the inclination of the headrest 13 can be adjusted again.
In the above-described example, the pressed inclined portion 64 and the pressed inclined portion 67 are both flat surfaces, but this is only a preferable example. It will never be done. For example, these inclined parts 64, 67 Is a curved surface approximating a plane, and as a result, even if the wedge member 68 is not a perfect trapezoidal shape but approximate to this, it is possible to prevent relative rotation of the shafts 62a and 62b as long as the wedge action is exhibited. is there.
Furthermore, in the above-described example, the pressing portion 65 of the rotation preventing member 66 is formed of a substantially semicircular concave curved surface that matches the outer peripheral shape of the shafts 62a and 62b. However, the shape is not particularly limited to such a shape. The shaft 62a, 62b may be in surface contact with the shaft 62a, 62b or may be in line contact as long as an appropriate frictional force can be exerted between the shafts 62a, 62b. Further, an elastomer such as rubber that is elastically deformed in a pressed state may be provided on the pressing portion 65 and brought into contact with the peripheral surfaces of the shafts 62a and 62b. Alternatively, although not particularly illustrated, the shafts 62a and 62b are relatively connected by providing shallow contact irregularities extending in the axial direction on the contact surface of the pressing portion 65 and the peripheral surfaces of the shafts 62a and 62b, and engaging each other in the pressed state. It is also possible to reliably prevent rotation. When such irregularities are provided, the shafts 62 a and 62 b rotate relative to the support arm 63 in a stepwise manner.
Further, the wedge member 68 is not limited to the one having the pressing inclined portion 67 on the side surface and pressing the rotation preventing member 66 to the outside. You may press on an outer peripheral side. For example, in the case of a wedge shape straddling both shafts 62a and 62b as shown in a wedge member 68 shown in FIG. It is possible to tighten the shafts 62a and 62b.
In this embodiment, the wedge member 68 and the second cover 617 are sandwiched between the bolt 69a and the nut 69b so that a load is applied, and the wedge action is naturally released by loosening. In such a configuration, for example, a return spring such as a coil spring may be provided between the wedge member 68 and the second cover 617 to positively release the pressing force that causes the wedge action.
Moreover, the form which gives a load with respect to the wedge member 68 is not restricted to what sandwiches the wedge member 68 and the 2nd cover 617 with the volt | bolt 69a and the nut 69b. For example, it is possible to apply the load in such a manner that the wedge member 68 is pushed in by utilizing the action of moving the nut 69b in the direction in which the nut 69b is released when the right-hand bolt 69a is reversely rotated.
Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 27, these shafts 62 a and 62 b can be directly tightened by the pressing inclined portion 67 of the wedge member 68. In this case, the wedge member 68 strongly presses the shafts 62 a and 62 b by the wedge action produced by the pressing inclined portion 67 and is clamped between the support arm 63 to prevent relative rotation. Further, in this case, the shafts 62a and 62b are tightened by the wedge member 68, but an elastomer such as rubber is provided on the surface of the pressing inclined portion 67 to indirectly tighten the shaft 62a, The relative rotation of 62b may be reliably prevented. In FIG. 27, the pressing inclined portion 67 is a flat surface, but the shape can be appropriately changed, such as a curved surface matching the peripheral surfaces of the shafts 62a and 62b.
Here, cushion materials that function as the headrest 13, the backrest 15, the seat 16, and the lower knee 17 are attached to the frame 20 of the stretcher body 2. Each cushion material is fixed to the cushion material mounting bracket 27 fixed to the frame 20 by welding or the like, for example, by screwing or the like.
Further, for example, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment includes a retractable armrest device 7. That is, for example, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 28, a retractable armrest device 7 that is used as necessary when the stretcher 1 is transformed into a wheelchair is provided. In FIG. 28, illustration of the cart 3 and the four-bar parallel link mechanism 4 is omitted. The stretcher 1 can recline the backrest 15 in a state of being deformed into a wheelchair.
The retractable armrest device 7 is rotatably attached to the side portion of the reclining backrest 15, and can be retractably attached to the seatrest 16 so as to be coplanar with the backrest 15, and the seat 16. The armrest strut 76 that can be stored so as to be flush with the member to be supported, the connecting means 77 that connects the tip of the rotated armrest 73 and the tip of the rotated armrest strut 76 so that the angle can be changed, the armrest 73 and the armrest At least one of the support columns 76 is expanded and contracted, and an expansion / contraction means 78 is provided to adjust the length so that the arrangement of the connected armrest 73 and the armrest support column 76 is a parallelogram with respect to the backrest 15 and the seat 16. In the present embodiment, the expansion / contraction means 78 expands / contracts the armrest 73. The member that supports the seated person is, for example, the lower knee 17. However, the member that supports the seated person is not limited to the lower knee 17 and may be the seat 16, for example.
An armrest 73 is shown in FIGS. The armrest 73 includes a proximal end arm 79 and a distal end arm 710, which are connected by an expansion / contraction means 78. A sleeve 711 is fixed to the proximal end of the proximal arm 79, and this sleeve 711 is rotatably fitted to a shaft 213 a fixed to the end of the intermediate pipe 213 of the frame 20 of the stretcher 1. The armrest 73 is rotatably connected to the backrest 15. The distal end side arm 710 is a hollow member that is thicker than the proximal end side arm 79, and the distal end of the proximal end side arm 79 can be inserted from the end on the base side.
A guide groove 712 is formed along the longitudinal direction on the bottom surface of the proximal arm 79. Further, a pair of guide members 713 and 714 that sandwich the proximal end arm 79 from both sides and two sliding bodies 715 and 716 that slide in the guide groove 712 are attached in the distal end side arm 710. The guide members 713 and 714 are fixed to the distal end side arm 710 by, for example, screws. Further, the sliding bodies 715 and 716 are fitted into the distal end side arm 710. The guide groove 712, the guide members 713 and 714, and the sliding bodies 715 and 716 constitute an expansion / contraction means 78. The distal arm 710 slides with respect to the proximal arm 79 until the two sliding bodies 715 and 716 contact the front and rear end walls of the guide groove 712. When the distal arm 710 is slid with respect to the proximal arm 79, the armrest 73 expands and contracts as a whole.
The expansion / contraction means 78 is provided with a lock mechanism 717. The lock mechanism 717 locks the distal arm 710 to the proximal arm 79 with the armrest 73 extended. It is comprised from the extension groove | channel 719 provided continuously.
As shown in FIG. 37, after the armrest 73 is extended and the tip side sliding body 715 is applied to the end wall of the guide groove 712, the tip side arm 710 is slid toward the inside in the horizontal direction, that is, the inside of the stretcher 1. By sliding the moving body 715 into the extension groove 719, the edge 713a of one guide member 713 fits into the recess 718, and the armrest 73 cannot be contracted. That is, when the distal arm 710 is pulled straight along the guide groove 712 and then slightly rotated in the horizontal direction around the proximal end sliding body 716, the distal arm 710 is locked to the proximal arm 79. be able to. Further, by performing an operation opposite to this operation, the locking of the distal arm 710 can be released and the armrest 73 can be contracted.
FIG. 31 and FIG. 32 show the armrest support 76. A sleeve 720 is fixed to the base end of the armrest strut 76, and the armrest strut 76 is rotatably connected to the backrest 15 by fitting the sleeve 720 to the second bending shaft 12 of the frame 20 of the stretcher 1. Yes.
33 and 34 show the connecting means 77. The connecting means 77 includes an outer unit 721 and an inner unit 722. In the present embodiment, the outer unit 721 is secured to the distal end of the distal arm 710 of the armrest 73, and the inner unit 722 is secured to the distal end of the armrest column 76. However, the outer unit 721 may be fixed to the tip of the armrest column 76, and the inner unit 722 may be fixed to the tip of the tip side arm 710 of the armrest 73.
The outer unit 721 includes a housing 723 provided with an opening 723a on the peripheral surface, a partition member 724 accommodated in the housing 723, a release button 725 protruding from the housing 723, and between the partition member 724 and the release button 725. The coil spring 726 is provided. One partition member 724, release button 725, and coil spring 726 are provided on each of the left and right sides of the housing 723. The left and right partition members 724 are fixed to the housing 723. The release button 725 protrudes from the housing 723 due to the elastic force of the coil spring 726. When the release button 725 is pushed against the elastic force of the coil spring 726, a projection 725a provided on the inner surface of the release button 725 is formed. It protrudes inward from the hole 724a of the partition member 724.
The inner unit 722 includes a housing 727, a pair of convex members 728 protruding from the housing 727, and a coil spring 729 provided between the pair of convex members 728. The convex member 728 protrudes from the housing 727, but can be retracted into the housing 727 by contracting the coil spring 729, so that the inner unit 722 can be inserted into the housing 723 of the outer unit 721, or the housing 723 can be pulled out from within.
When the inner unit 722 is inserted into the housing 723 of the outer unit 721, the convex member 728 protrudes and is caught by the partition member 724. As a result, the inner unit 722 cannot be removed from the outer unit 721, and the outer unit 721 and the inner unit 722, that is, the distal end of the armrest 73 and the distal end of the armrest column 76 are connected. An opening 723 a provided in the housing 723 of the outer unit 721 is formed larger than the cross-sectional area of the armrest strut 76. Therefore, the connection angle between the armrest 73 and the armrest support 76 can be changed.
When removing the inner unit 722 from the outer unit 721, the right and left release buttons 725 of the outer unit 721 may be pushed into the housing 723. By pushing the left and right release buttons 725, the protrusion 725 a pushes the convex member 728 of the inner unit 722 into the housing 727 and separates it from the partition member 724. If the inner unit 722 is pulled out from the outer unit 721 in this state, the inner unit 722 can be easily detached from the outer unit 721.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 28, a support member 730 is fixed to the first vertical pipe 210 of the frame 20 of the stretcher 1. When the armrest 73 is contracted and placed on the support member 730, the armrest 73 and the backrest 15 are flush with each other, and the armrest 73 can be used as a part of the backrest 15. Note that “the armrest 73 and the backrest 15 are flush with each other” means that the surface that supports the seated person of the backrest 15 and the surface that supports the seated person of the stored armrest 73 are exactly the same face. It is not included, and the case where these surfaces are substantially the same surface is also included.
A support member 731 is fixed to the third vertical pipe 230 of the frame 20. When the armrest strut 76 is placed on the support member 731, the armrest strut 76 and the knee lower portion 17 are flush with each other, and the armrest strut 76 can be used as a part of the knee lower portion 17. Note that “the armrest strut 76 and the knee lower portion 17 are flush with each other” means that the surface that supports the seated person of the armrest strut 76 and the surface that supports the seated person of the knee lower portion 17 are exactly the same plane. Is not included, and the case where these surfaces are substantially the same surface is also included.
When the armrest device 7 in the stored state is used, the armrest device 7 is assembled. That is, as shown in FIG. 35, the armrest strut 76 housed on the side of the lower knee 17 is rotated to cause it. Moreover, the armrest 73 accommodated in the side of the backrest 15 is rotated and extended while being pulled down. Then, after fixing the length of the armrest 73 by the lock mechanism 717, the armrest 73 is fitted so that the outer unit 721 at the distal end of the armrest 73 is covered with the inner unit 722 at the distal end of the armrest strut 76 as shown in FIG. 34. Thereby, the armrest 73 and the armrest support | pillar 76 are connected, and an assembly is completed.
In a state where the armrest 73 and the armrest strut 76 are connected, the lock mechanism 717 that fixes the length of the armrest 73 is not released. That is, in order to release the lock mechanism 717, it is necessary to slightly rotate the tip side arm 710 of the armrest 73 horizontally to change the direction, but the outer unit 721 of the connecting means 77 is fitted into the inner unit 722. Therefore, the direction of the tip side arm 710 cannot be changed. For this reason, the lock mechanism 717 is not released unexpectedly while the armrest 73 is being used, and the use of the armrest 73 can be continued.
When the armrest device 7 is stored, the armrest 73 and the armrest support 76 may be disconnected. Then, the armrest column 76 that has been raised is brought down and placed on the support member 731. Thereby, the armrest support | pillar 76 can be accommodated in the side of the knee lower part 17. FIG. Further, the armrest 73 that has been lowered is lifted while being contracted and placed on the support member 730. Thereby, the armrest 73 can be stored in the side of the backrest 15. The armrest strut 76 is flush with the lower knee 17, and the armrest 73 is flush with the backrest 15, so that the armrest device 7 can be stored without getting in the way, and the armrest strut 76 can be placed below the knee. The armrest 73 can be used as a part of the backrest 15. In other words, the lower knee 17 and the backrest 15 can be used in a wide range, or the backrest 15 and the lower knee 17 can be made thinner by the armrest 73 and the armrest support 76 to make the stretcher 1 compact.
When the stretcher 1 is used by being transformed into a wheelchair, the armrest device 7 is stored to facilitate getting on and off from the side of the seated person who is physically inconvenient. Moreover, by assembling the armrest device 7, it is possible to use the armrest 73 and to prevent a seated person who is physically disabled from falling.
In this retractable armrest device 7, since the armrest 73 is provided with the expansion / contraction means 78, when the armrest 73 and the armrest strut 76 are connected, the arrangement of the armrest 73 and the armrest strut 76 is parallel to the backrest 15 and the seat 16. The length of the armrest 73 can be adjusted to form. That is, when the armrest 73 is used, the armrest 73, the armrest support 76, the backrest 15, and the seat 16 can be arranged in a parallelogram when viewed from the side of the stretcher 1. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 36, even if the backrest 15 is reclined, in other words, even if the angle of the backrest 15 relative to the seat 16 is changed, the angle of the armrest 73 relative to the seat 16 can be maintained constant. The armrest 73 can be used without a sense of incongruity.
In the above description, the armrest 73 is provided with the expansion / contraction means 78 and the length of the armrest 73 is adjusted so that the above-mentioned parallelogram is formed. 78 may be provided, and the above-described parallelogram may be formed by adjusting the length of the armrest support 76. Further, the expansion and contraction means 78 may be provided on both the armrest 73 and the armrest support column 76, and the above-mentioned parallelogram may be formed by adjusting the lengths of both. Further, when the above-mentioned parallelogram can be formed without adjusting the lengths of the armrest 73 and the armrest support 76, the expansion / contraction means 78 may not be provided.
Further, in the above description, the armrest struts 76 are stored on the side of the lower knee 17, but the armrest struts 76 may be stored on the side of the seat 16.
Furthermore, the armrest 73 described above has the distal end side arm 710 disposed at the top during storage and the proximal end arm 79 disposed below, and is rotated in a direction to be pulled down during use and connected to the armrest support 76. Alternatively, it may be turned upside down and connected to the armrest support 76 by rotating it in the direction of lifting during use.
In addition, although the structure provided with the retractable armrest device 7 is a preferable example, it is not necessarily limited to this structure. You may make it attach an armrest with respect to a support | pillar. In this case, the armrest may be slidable parallel to the seat surface, and the armrest may form part of the bed surface when the stretcher body 2 is in the bed state.
Further, for example, in the stretcher 1 of this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 38 to 53, a part of the patient's body sitting on the stretcher 1 in the chair state or lying on the stretcher 1 in the bed state is supported. Thus, a body support mechanism 8 that can maintain a stable posture or a comfortable posture of the patient is provided. In the body support mechanism 8, the core material of the support member or at least a portion of the support member that requires deformation of the support surface is divided into a plurality of parts, and the divided core material or support members are flexible mechanisms 81. It is constituted by being connected.
As shown in FIG. 38, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment supports the head, waist, and legs of the patient. Therefore, the headrest 13 that is the support member of the head, the backrest 15 that is the support member of the waist, the legs The body support mechanism 8 is provided in each seat 16 which is a support member of each part. Below, the body support mechanism 8 provided in the headrest 13 is demonstrated first.
The headrest 13 is provided so as to hold a patient's head transferred to the stretcher 1 so that a stable posture or an easy posture can be maintained. For example, a structure in which a plate-like core material is covered with a cushioning material. It has become. In the present embodiment, this core material is divided into three parts, a central part 818 attached to the frame 20 of the stretcher 1, and a left side part 819 and a right side part 820 provided on both sides of the central part 818. Further, by allowing the right side portion 820 to tilt upward from a flat state, the patient's head can be held from one side or both sides as the left side portion 819 and the right side portion 820 are flipped up as necessary. I have to.
As shown in FIG. 42, the core material of the headrest 13 of the present embodiment is substantially square and has a central portion 818 having a shape provided with protrusions and the like, a left side portion 819 having a shape shown in FIG. The left part 819 and the symmetrical right part 820 are combined as shown in FIGS. 39 to 41. As shown in FIGS. 42 and 43, each portion 818 to 820 is provided with through holes 818a, 819a, and 820a for attaching the fixed side member 85 or the tilting side member 86 of the flexible mechanism 81, and further in the center. The part 818 is provided with a through hole 818 b for attaching the headrest 13 to the frame 20. The left side 819 or the right side 820 and the central part 818 are connected by a flexible mechanism 81 that can be bent so that the left side 819 or the right side 820 can be flipped up.
The flexible mechanism 81 will be described below. As shown in FIGS. 45 to 47, the flexible mechanism 81 has a fixed side member 85 and a tilt side member 86 connected to each other so as to be bent by a structure such as a hinge, which is shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, two are provided on the side portion of the central portion 818, and the left side portion 819 or the right side portion 820 is connected to the central portion 818. The flexible mechanism 81 of the present embodiment includes a fixed-side member 85 having a plurality of overlapping plates 87 and 88 arranged in parallel at intervals, and a plurality of overlapping plates 87 and 88 of the fixed-side member 85 that alternately overlap. The tilting side member 86 having the overlapping plates 87 and 88, the coupling side 812 that passes through the overlapping positions of the overlapping plates 87 and 88 of the fixed side member 85 and the tilting side member 86, and the overlapping plate 812 and the overlapping plate And a biasing means 811 for biasing 87 and 88 in the superposition direction, and the tilting side member 86 rotates about the connecting shaft 812 to tilt part of the core, that is, the left side 819 and the right side 820. And maintain the angle of the support surface of the headrest 13 by using the frictional force at the contact portion between the overlapping plates 87 and 88. It has become. In this specification, for convenience of explanation, one of the two members that tilt relatively is referred to as a fixed side, and the other is referred to as a tilt side. However, the concept of the fixed side and the tilt side is merely relative. The member 86 may be the fixed side, and the fixed side member 85 may be tilted.
As shown in FIG. 44, the stationary member 85 is composed of a single base plate 89 and a plurality of overlapping plates 87 and 88 mounted on the base plate 89. As shown in FIGS. 44 and 45, the base plate 89 is provided with a through-hole 89b for screwing the fixed side member 85 to the core material of the headrest 13, specifically, the central portion 818. Yes.
The overlapping plates 87 and 88 of the fixed side member 85 are preferably large in number from the viewpoint of securing a large contact area between the plates, but the number of sheets used in consideration of the weight and cost when the number of parts increases. Is determined. For example, in the present embodiment, four sheets are used as shown in the figure, but the number may be more or less. Each superposition plate 87, 88 is provided with claws 87a, 88a for attaching the superposition plates 87, 88 to the base plate 89, and the base plate 89 is provided with attachment holes 89a for inserting the claws 87a, 88a. ing. Further, among the plurality of mounting holes 89a provided in the base plate 89, the one located at the end may be a notch groove provided at the edge of the base plate 89 as shown in FIG. In this case, the overlapping plate 87 can be attached to the base plate 89 even if the claws are inserted into the holes instead of being inserted into the holes.
These overlapping plates 87 and 88 are arranged in parallel on the base plate 89 with the plates being separated by a predetermined distance. In the present embodiment, the arrangement interval between the overlapping plates 87 and 88 is made constant, and the interval between the plates is made to coincide with the thickness of the overlapping plates 87 and 88. These superposition plates 87 and 88 may all be fixedly attached to the base plate 89 so that they do not wobble, but the two superposition plates 88 located on the inner side of the four pieces are a little. It is preferable that the movable plate is movable to the extent that it fluctuates. In this way, when the four overlapping plates 87 and 88 of the fixed side member 85 and the tilting side member 86 are alternately stacked, the overlapping plate 88 is slightly inclined. It becomes easy to let each plate 87 and 88 sink into a mutual gap by making it. In the present embodiment, the two overlapping plates 87 arranged on the outside are fixed, and the claws 87a are formed in the mounting holes 89a or the mounting grooves 89a of the base plate 89 as shown in FIGS. It is a projection-like claw that can be fixed by welding or the like in a state where the superposition plate 87 is aligned and aligned. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 49, the two overlapping plates 88 arranged on the inner side are configured to be engaged with the base plate 89 by the engaging claws 88a so as to be movable with respect to the base plate 89. The base plate 89 is not fixed by welding or the like. The engaging claws 88a are for allowing the individual overlapping plates 88 to tilt in the overlapping direction as shown in FIG. 53, but not to be detached from the fixed base plate 89. For example, as shown in FIG. It is formed in a bowl shape as shown. In this case, as shown in FIG. 45 and FIG. 46, by directing each claw 88a to the outside, even if the flexible mechanism 81 repeats the bending operation, the engaging claw 88a slides backward and comes off from the mounting hole 89a. It becomes easy to prevent such a thing from occurring.
An example of attaching these superposition plates 87 and 88 to the base plate 89 on the fixed side is as follows. First, as shown in FIGS. Then, the movable overlapping plate 88 may be attached to the base plate 89 by inserting the engaging claw 88a into the attachment hole 89a and sliding it. The movable superposition plate 88 can be tilted towards any fixed superposition plate 87 arranged on the outside thereof.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 48 and 49, the polymerization plates 87 and 88 are provided with through holes 87b and 88b, respectively. As shown in FIG. 51, these through holes 87b and 88b are provided at positions that become the center of rotation when the tilt side member 86 rotates relative to the fixed side member 85. The fixed-side member 85 and the tilt-side member 86 are tiltable with the connecting shaft 812 inserted into the through-holes 87b and 88b in a state where the respective rotation centers, that is, the through-holes 87b and 88b are overlapped with each other. Connected in state.
As described above, the fixed-side member 85 is constituted by the base plate 89 and the overlapping plates 87 and 88 attached thereto. One tilting-side member 86 is also connected to the base plate 810 and the same as the fixed-side member 85. It is comprised by the superposition | polymerization plates 87 and 88 to which it is attached. For example, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 44, the base plate 810 having the mounting holes 810a or the mounting grooves 810a in the same manner as the fixed side base plate 89 has a superposition plate 87 having the same shape as the fixed side member 85, 88 is attached in the same manner as described above to constitute the tilt side member 86. As shown in FIGS. 44 and 45, the base plate 810 is provided with a through hole 810b for screwing the tilt side member 86 to the left side 819 or the right side 820.
As shown in FIG. 47, the fixed side member 85 and the tilting side member 86 formed in this way are alternately arranged on the overlapping plate 87, 88 on the fixed side member 85 side and the overlapping plate 87, 88 on the tilting side member 86 side. The hinge-like flexible mechanism 81 that can be bent is configured by being alternately overlapped and pin-connected by the connecting shaft 812. In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 45 and 46, the inner edges of the base plates 89 and 810 are in contact with each other with the fixed member 85 and the tilt member 86 opened 180 degrees. I try not to tilt more. Therefore, the bendable flexible mechanism 81 can freely adjust the opening angle within a range up to a maximum opening angle of 180 degrees.
Further, as described above, since the overlapping plates 87 and 88 of the stationary member 85 and the overlapping plates 87 and 88 of the tilting member 86 are overlapped in a staggered manner, the frictional force of the overlapping portions that are in contact with each other. The tilting angle of the tilting side member 86 with respect to the fixed side member 85 can be maintained using. In addition, the flexible mechanism 81 in this case is used as a part of the mechanism constituting the body support mechanism 8, and therefore can be easily adjusted to obtain a desired angle, and after the adjustment, the load depends on the load. It is preferable that the angle does not easily change even when an external force is applied. Therefore, in the present embodiment, in addition to fastening the superposition plates 87 and 88 with the connecting shaft 812, an urging means 811 for urging the superposition plates 87 and 88 in the superposition direction is provided.
The biasing means 811 is, for example, a coil spring disposed around the connecting shaft 812 as shown in FIGS. 44 and 47, and the superposition plate 87, via one of two stepped rings 813 sandwiching both ends of the spring. The urging force 88 is pressed against each other. In this case, if the overall length of the coil spring can be adjusted, it is preferable in that the biasing force can be changed and the frictional force between the overlapping plates 87 and 88 can be changed. For example, in this embodiment, a double nut 814 is provided at one end of the connecting shaft 812. By changing the position of the double nut 814 on the shaft, the total length of the coil spring can be changed and the urging force can be changed. ing. The coil spring shown here is a preferred example of the urging means 811. However, the coil spring is not particularly limited as long as it can urge the overlapping plates 87 and 88 and more preferably adjust the frictional force. There is nothing.
As shown in FIG. 41, the flexible mechanism 81 of the present embodiment is attached to the back side of the core material of the headrest 13 by attachment means 15 made of, for example, bolts and nuts, and the left side 819 and the right side 820 are shown in FIG. It can be tilted to jump up as shown. Further, when the left side portion 819 and the right side portion 820 are lowered to the lowest, as shown in FIG. 40, the both side portions 819 and 820 and the central portion 818 between them form the same surface to form a flat surface. Further, the left side portion 819 and the right side portion 820 can operate separately, and for example, the inclination can be adjusted independently of each other, for example, one is flat and the other is inclined.
According to the body support mechanism 8 in which both side portions 819 and 820 of the core material divided as described above can be tilted, the headrest 13 of the stretcher 1 has a shape suitable for body support, that is, the left side portion 819 or the right side portion 820 is formed. By tilting as a flipped state, it is possible to appropriately support the patient's head so that it always approaches the center. Moreover, since the left side 819 and the right side 820 can be independently and continuously tilted, only one of the headrests 13 can have a desired shape. Further, since the movable range of the flexible mechanism 81 is limited so that the left side portion 819 and the right side portion 820 are not lowered below the flat state, the headrest is also in a state where both side portions 819 and 820 are lowered most. 13 is only flattened, and does not have a reverse inclination that drives the patient's head to the end of the stretcher 1. Further, in addition to being tightened by the connecting shaft 812 in a state in which a plurality of overlapping plates 87 and 88 are alternately overlapped, a configuration in which a frictional force is applied by the biasing means 811 capable of adjusting the biasing force is sufficient. A frictional force is obtained, and the state of being flipped up can be maintained. In this case, for example, if the patient is a small patient, the both sides 819 and 820 can be moved relatively easily without increasing the urging force. Conversely, if the patient is a large patient, the head is pressed. Users should customize themselves, such as increasing the biasing force in advance to prevent both sides 819 and 820 from dropping unexpectedly, that is, to obtain a frictional force according to the patient's weight and physique. Is easy. Moreover, according to such a stretcher 1, even when the shape is changed to a chair, it is possible to provide an easy posture in which the back of the head is leaned.
Therefore, the patient using the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment is held in a stable seating or supine posture or an easy sitting or supine posture by supporting a part of the body, for example, the head. In addition, for example, even if the posture when transferred to the bed or the posture after transfer is somewhat collapsed, the body support mechanism 8 supports the head, so that a part of the body protrudes from the bed or the supine posture collapses. To be prevented. Therefore, for the patient, it is not necessary to apply excessive force to maintain the posture, and even if it suddenly approaches the end of the bed by changing its posture or turning over, it may fall down accidentally. You can have a sense of security and trust that you don't.
Next, another body support mechanism 8 provided in the stretcher 1 will be described. The stretcher 1 of this embodiment is a body for supporting a patient's waist or leg on a seat 16 other than the headrest 13, specifically a backrest 15 that is a part that contacts the patient's waist and a seat 16 that is a part that contacts the leg. A support mechanism 8 is provided.
The body support mechanism 8 provided at the portion corresponding to the waist functions to prevent the patient's waist and surrounding portions from moving toward the side of the stretcher 1 to maintain the patient's stable posture or comfortable posture. In the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment, the body that mainly supports and supports the upper body of the patient, and of the core material 15a that becomes the backrest 15 when the stretcher 1 has a chair shape, is flipped up on both sides of the portion that contacts the waist. A support mechanism 8 is provided. Hereinafter, the left side portion of the jumping up portion is referred to as “left side portion 819 ′”, and the right side portion is referred to as “right side portion 820 ′”. The left side portion 819 ′ and the right side portion 820 ′ in the present embodiment are smaller than the flip-up type left side portion 819 and the right side portion 820 of the headrest 13, but this is merely an example, and the size and shape are not particularly limited. Further, each of the left side portion 819 ′ and the right side portion 820 ′ is connected to the core member 15 a by a pair of flexible mechanisms 81 as in the case of the headrest 13 and can be flipped up. The flexible mechanism 81 used here is the same as that in the headrest 13. The left side portion 819 ′ and the right side portion 820 ′ can be adjusted with respect to the core material 15a independently of each other, for example, one is flat and the other is inclined. Thereby, according to this stretcher 1, the left side part 819 'and right side part 820' can be flipped up as needed, and a patient's waist | hip | lumbar part can be supported from one side or both sides. When the stretcher 1 has a chair shape, the left side 819 ′ and the right side 820 ′ can be folded forward as needed to support the patient's waist from one side or both sides. In the above description, the term “lumbar region” is used. However, since the original purpose is to support the periphery of the patient's lumbar region even when the patient's physique is different, In this sense, it includes not only the waist part but also the upper part, that is, the part closer to the back and the lower part, for example, the buttocks.
In addition, the body support mechanism 8 provided in the portion corresponding to the leg functions to prevent the patient's leg from moving to the side of the stretcher 1 and to keep the patient's stable posture or comfortable posture. In the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment, the body support mechanism of the flip-up type is mainly supported on the lower body of the patient, in particular, the leg, and is flipped up on both sides of the core 16a of the portion that becomes the seat 16 when the stretcher 1 becomes a chair shape. 8 is provided. Hereinafter, the left portion of the jumping portion is referred to as “left side portion 819 ″”, and the right portion is referred to as “right side portion 820 ″”. Unlike the left side portions 819, 819 ′ and right side portions 820, 820 ′, the left side portion 819 ″ and the right side portion 820 ″ are elongated so as to support from the base of the thigh to the knee. However, this is only an example, and the size and shape are not particularly limited. Further, each of the left side portion 819 ″ and the right side portion 820 ″ is connected to the core member 16a by a pair of flexible mechanisms 81 as in the case of the headrest 13, and can be flipped up. The flexible mechanism 81 used here is the same as that in the headrest 13. The left side portion 819 "and the right side portion 820" can be tilted independently of each other, for example, one is flat and the other is tilted with respect to the core member 16a. Thereby, according to this stretcher 1, if necessary, the left side 819 "and the right side 820" can be flipped up to support the patient's leg from one side or both sides. Even when the stretcher 1 has a chair shape, the patient's sitting thigh is supported from one side or both sides by flipping up the left side 819 "right side 820" as necessary. Can do.
In the above-described example, the side portions 819 and 820 of the body support mechanism 8 can be tilted steplessly so that the tilt can be adjusted steplessly, but may be tilted stepwise. For example, a radial unevenness centered on the connecting shaft 812 is provided at a certain angle in a region where the overlapping plates 87 and 88 are in contact with each other. If both are engaged, both side portions 819 and 820 can be tilted stepwise. In this case, the step width at the time of tilting can be freely set by adjusting the interval between these irregularities.
In the above example, the superposition plates 87 and 88 are all the same thickness, and these are arranged on the base plates 89 and 810 at regular intervals. However, the thickness and arrangement interval of the plates are not necessarily constant. For example, in the case where the plate thickness is not uniform, the flexible mechanism 81 can be formed in the same manner as in the present embodiment if the arrangement intervals of the plates 87 and 88 are made to correspond to the uneven thickness. Can do.
In the above-described example, the body support mechanism 8 provided so as to support the head, waist, and legs of the patient has been described. However, these are preferred examples of the body support mechanism 8 and are installed. By appropriately changing the position and shape, it can function as a mechanism that can support other parts of the body such as the neck, shoulder, back, arm, lower leg, and ankle. For example, as shown in Fig. 67, the body support mechanism 8 provided in the portion that hits the waist may support not only the waist portion but also a wider upper body portion, and the portion that hits the leg portion. The provided body support mechanism 8 may be supported with a particular focus on the knee. Note that the number of divisions of the portion requiring the deformation of the support surface may vary depending on the portion to be applied, but the body support mechanism 8 can be applied if there is at least one tiltable member with respect to the fixed member. It becomes.
Next, another embodiment of the stretcher of the present invention will be described. The expansion / contraction mechanism that can be employed in the stretcher of the present invention is not limited to the above-described example. For example, a hydraulic cylinder that extends when pressure oil is supplied and contracts when pressure oil is discharged, and hydraulic pressure You may use what is comprised by the hydraulic supply-and-discharge part which supplies and discharges pressure oil with respect to a cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder is, for example, a device having a cylinder part, a piston part slidably inserted into the cylinder part, a cylinder chamber surrounded by the cylinder part and the piston part, and the like. The hydraulic supply / discharge unit includes, for example, an oil tank, an oil pump that sucks oil from the oil tank and pumps the sucked oil to the cylinder chamber of the hydraulic cylinder, and an oil that connects the oil pump and the cylinder chamber of the hydraulic cylinder. It is a device having a supply path, an oil discharge path that connects a cylinder chamber of the hydraulic cylinder and an oil tank, a pressure release valve that opens and closes the oil discharge path, and the like. The oil pump is preferably a pedal type that can perform a pump action by a stepping action. In this case, the operator does not have to bend down to the lower part of the stretcher 1 and can perform the extension operation of the extension mechanism 5 while standing. According to the expansion / contraction mechanism 5, when an oil supply operation is performed by an oil pump with the pressure relief valve closed, oil is supplied to the cylinder chamber of the hydraulic cylinder, and the piston portion is extended with respect to the cylinder portion by the hydraulic pressure. On the other hand, when the pressure relief valve is opened, oil is discharged from the cylinder chamber of the hydraulic cylinder to the oil tank, and the piston portion contracts. In addition, when the piston portion contracts, speed-proportional damping is expressed by the oil, and the stretcher main body 2 is prevented from dropping rapidly.
An example of a stretcher that employs an expansion / contraction mechanism having a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic supply / discharge section will be described below with reference to FIGS. 54 to 66 as a second embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a hydraulic jack 5 ′ in which a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic supply / discharge unit are integrated is used as an expansion / contraction mechanism. However, the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic supply / discharge section do not need to be integrated, and they may be arranged separately.
In the hydraulic jack 5 ′, for example, as shown in FIGS. 63 to 66, a hydraulic cylinder 91, an oil tank 92, an oil pump 93, and a release device 94 are attached to a base 95. As shown in FIG. 65, the hydraulic cylinder 91 includes a cylinder part 91a, a piston part 91b slidably inserted into the cylinder part 91a, a cylinder chamber 91c surrounded by the cylinder part 91a and the piston part 91b, Further, an O-ring 91d as a sealing material for preventing oil leakage from the cylinder portion 91a, a retaining pin 91e for preventing the piston portion 91b from protruding beyond the upper limit position, and the like are provided. The oil tank 92 is formed around the cylinder portion 91a. As shown in FIG. 66, the oil pump 93 includes a pump cylinder 93a, a pump piston 93b slidably inserted into the pump cylinder 93a, a pump chamber 93c surrounded by the pump cylinder 93a and the pump piston 93b, An O-ring 93d as a sealing material for preventing oil leakage from the pump cylinder 93a is provided.
The base 95 is connected to an oil suction path 96a that connects the oil tank 92 and the pump chamber 93c, an oil supply path 96b that connects the pump chamber 93c and the cylinder chamber 91c, and a cylinder chamber 91c and the oil tank 92. An oil discharge passage 96c is formed. As shown in FIG. 66, a spherical first check valve 96d that allows oil flow from the oil tank 92 to the pump chamber 93c and prevents reverse flow is disposed in the oil suction path 96a. Yes. The first check valve 96d functions to open the oil suction path 96a by the operation of the pump piston 93b protruding from the pump cylinder 93a, and to close the oil suction path 96a by the operation of the pump piston 93b immersing in the pump cylinder 93a. In the oil supply path 96b, a spherical second check valve 96e that allows the oil flow from the pump chamber 93c to the cylinder chamber 91c and prevents the reverse flow is disposed. The second check valve 96e functions to open the oil supply path 96b by an operation in which the pump piston 93b is immersed in the pump cylinder 93a, and close the oil supply path 96b by an operation in which the pump piston 93b protrudes from the pump cylinder 93a.
The release device 94 that opens and closes the oil discharge path 96c includes, for example, a spherical pressure relief valve 94a disposed in the oil discharge path 96c, and a release screw 94b. The release screw 94b is attached to the base 95 by, for example, a screw structure. When the release screw 94b is rotated in the tightening direction, the tip of the release screw 94b presses the pressure release valve 94a, and the pressed pressure release valve 94a closes the oil discharge path 96c. When the release screw 94b is rotated in the loosening direction, the pressing force by the release screw 94b acting on the pressure release valve 94a is released, the pressure release valve 94a is movable, and the oil discharge passage 96c is opened.
According to this hydraulic jack 5 ', when the release screw 94b is tightened to close the oil discharge passage 96c and the pump piston 93b is protruded from the pump cylinder 93a, oil flows from the oil tank 92 to the pump chamber 93c, When the pump piston 93b is immersed in the pump cylinder 93a, oil flows from the pump chamber 93c to the cylinder chamber 91c. Accordingly, oil is pumped from the oil tank 92 to the cylinder chamber 91c by the reciprocating operation of the pump piston 93b. The first check valve 96d and the second check valve 96e prevent oil backflow. Accordingly, the piston portion 91b extends with respect to the cylinder portion 91a by the pressure of the oil sent to the cylinder chamber 91c by the reciprocating operation of the pump piston 93b. On the other hand, when the release screw 94b is loosened, the oil discharge passage 96c is opened, the oil is discharged from the cylinder chamber 91c to the oil tank 92, and the piston portion 91b contracts. Here, depending on the degree to which the release screw 94b is rotated, the allowable movement amount of the pressure relief valve 94a changes, and the size of the oil discharge passage 96c also changes. That is, when the rotation for loosening the release screw 94b is small, the allowable movement amount of the pressure relief valve 94a is small, and the flow path of the oil discharge path 96c is small. For this reason, the speed at which the piston part 91b contracts becomes slow, and in order to contract the piston part 91b at an appropriate speed, a certain amount of load is required to push the piston part 91b into the cylinder part 91a. On the other hand, when the rotation to loosen the release screw 94b is large, the flow rate of the oil discharge passage 96c becomes large, so the speed at which the piston portion 91b contracts increases, and the load that pushes the piston portion 91b into the cylinder portion 91a is compared. Even if it is small, the piston portion 91b contracts. The hydraulic jack 5 ′ is not necessarily limited to the one having the above-described configuration, and other existing or new ones may be adopted.
As shown in FIGS. 54 to 62, the hydraulic jack 5 ′ is housed in, for example, a jack case 97 and fixed to the bottom of the jack case 97 by screws. The jack case 97 has an open upper surface, and both side surfaces are attached to the link support member 41. An attachment member 100a is fixed to the lower end of the link support member 41, and the attachment member 100a and the side wall of the jack case 97 are fixed by screws, for example, via a spacer 100b. In the case of this configuration in which the jack case 97 and the hydraulic jack 5 ′ are fixed to the carriage 3, the pedal lifting / lowering pedal 101 and the release pedal 105 which are attached to the jack case 97 as the operation part of the hydraulic jack 5 ′ are a four-bar parallel link mechanism. Since the posture is not changed in accordance with the rotation of 4, there is an advantage that it is easy to perform the lifting operation.
On the other hand, brackets 100c are fixed to the two first connecting rods 423 in the four-node parallel link mechanism 4, and a connecting shaft 100d for connecting these brackets 100c is provided. The jack case 97 is disposed at a position where the connecting shaft 100d that rotates together with the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 and the tip of the piston portion 91b that linearly expands and contracts are always in contact. Accordingly, the four-joint parallel link mechanism 4 is rotated by the expansion and contraction of the piston portion 91b. For example, in the present embodiment, the tip of the piston portion 91b is in contact with a pipe 100e through which the connecting shaft 100d is rotatably passed, and the pipe 100e and the piston portion 91b are covered with a lifting cover 97a. Further, a cover 97b is attached to the opened upper surface of the jack case 97. The cover 97b is formed with a hole through which the elevating cover 97a can protrude and retract. Further, a gap is provided between the piston portion 91b and the cylinder portion 91a and the lifting cover 97a so as not to prevent expansion and contraction of the piston portion 91b. By these covers 97a and 97b, the jack case 97 is closed as long as the expansion and contraction of the piston portion 91b is not hindered, and dust and foreign matter can be prevented from entering the jack case 97.
In the present embodiment, the hydraulic jack 5 ′ is fixed to the link support member 41 and the tip of the piston portion 91b is always in contact with the four-node parallel link mechanism 4. Not limited to this, the hydraulic jack 5 ′ may be arranged in a positional relationship for rotating the four-joint parallel link mechanism 4 by expanding and contracting. For example, the jack case 97 is rotatably attached to the link support member 41, and the tip of the piston portion 91 b is rotatably attached to the four-bar parallel link mechanism 4 to follow the rotation of the four-bar parallel link mechanism 4. The jack 5 'may be rotated.
The stretcher 1 according to the present embodiment includes a lift pedal mechanism that operates the oil pump 93 by operating the pedal. The elevating pedal mechanism includes an elevating pedal 101 that is displaceably attached to the carriage 3 and an elevating link 102 that converts the displacement of the elevating pedal 101 into an operation with respect to the oil pump 93.
The raising / lowering pedal 101 is attached to the carriage 3 so as to be rotatable, for example. A rotating shaft 101a having the longitudinal direction of the stretcher 1 as an axial direction is rotatably supported by a bearing 100j provided in the jack case 97, and a lifting / lowering pedal 101 is protruded from the jack case 97 of the rotating shaft 101a. Is fixed with screws. Further, for example, the elevating pedal 101 extends from the rotary shaft 101a so as to approach the ground plane so that the elevating pedal 101 and the operator's foot operating the elevating pedal 101 do not come into contact with the base member 32 of the carriage 3. After that, it has a bent shape extending almost horizontally.
The lifting link 102 is, for example, supported by the first lifting link 102 a that rotates integrally with the lifting pedal 101, the first lifting link 102 a and the oil pump 93 while being rotatably supported by the carriage 3. The second link 102b for elevating / lowering that applies a pressing force to the pump piston 93b of the oil pump 93 by rotating in conjunction with the rotation of the first link 102a for elevating / lowering. In this configuration, the number of links can be reduced, so the configuration can be made compact, and there is no need to reduce the thickness of the component because there is room for the component storage space, so the strength of the component can be made sufficiently high. As a result, it is possible to reduce the cost, and the advantage that the cost can be reduced can be obtained. However, the raising / lowering link 102 should just be what can convert operation | movement of the raising / lowering pedal 101 into operation with respect to the oil pump 93, and is not necessarily limited to this example.
In the jack case 97, a cylinder 101b through which the rotating shaft 101a of the lifting / lowering pedal 101 passes is fixed to the rotating shaft 101a with screws, and the first lifting / lowering link 102a is fixed to the cylinder 101b. Yes. Further, a plate member 100f is fixed to the inner surface of each side wall of the jack case 97 with screws, and two support plates 100g are spanned between these plate members 100f. The second elevating link 102b is attached between the two support plates 100g by a rotary shaft 100h parallel to the rotary shaft 101a of the lift pedal 101. The portion of the second elevating link 102b that contacts the first elevating link 102a and the pump piston 93b is substantially circular so that the members can smoothly contact each other. For example, a cylindrical contact portion 100i that is in contact with the first elevating link 102a is fixed to the second elevating link 102b. Further, for example, the rotating shaft 101a is disposed closer to the portion where the lifting / lowering pedal 101 is depressed than the oil pump 93 disposed substantially at the center of the jack case 97, and the rotating shaft 100h is formed between the oil pump 93 and the rotating shaft 101a. The second elevating link 102b is disposed such that the first elevating link 102a and the pump piston 93b are always in contact with the lower surface thereof.
Here, for example, in this embodiment, an elevating pedal mechanism is provided on both the left and right sides of the stretcher 1. The two elevating pedal mechanisms are basically arranged symmetrically, and the left and right elevating second links 102b that are overlapping portions are arranged alternately as shown in FIG. 56, for example. Since the left and right lifting pedals 101 are connected to different lifting links 102, the left and right lifting pedal mechanisms operate independently.
Further, the elevating pedal mechanism is provided with means for returning the depressed pedal 101 to its original position. For example, a spring hooking portion 101c is fixed to a cylinder 101b that rotates integrally with the lifting pedal 101, and a tension coil spring 103 is attached between the left and right spring hooking portions 101c as the return means. Yes.
As shown in FIG. 54 and FIG. 55, when the operator depresses one of the left and right lifting pedals 101, the cylinder body 101b and the first lifting link 102a rotate while pulling the tension coil spring 103. The second elevating link 102b that is in contact with the first elevating link 102a is rotated by the rotation, and the pump piston 93b that is in contact with the second elevating link 102b is pushed into the pump cylinder 93a. Here, the oil pump 93 is provided with a compression coil spring 104 as means for returning the pump piston 93b immersed in the pump cylinder 93a to a position protruding from the pump cylinder 93a. A spring receiver 115 that receives the restoring force of the compression coil spring is fixed to the tip of the pump piston 93b. When the force to depress the lifting / lowering pedal 101 is eliminated or weakened, the lifting / lowering pedal 101 depressed by the restoring force of the tension coil spring 103 returns to the original position and is pushed into the pump cylinder 93a by the restoring force of the compression coil spring 104. The pump piston 93b returns to the original position. Therefore, the pump piston 93b reciprocates by stepping on either the left or right lifting pedal 101. When the operator depresses one lifting / lowering pedal 101, a force to reversely rotate the other lifting / lowering pedal 101 is transmitted via the tension coil spring 103. In this embodiment, for example, the first lifting / lowering link is transmitted. By engaging 102a with the jack case 97, the reverse rotation of the lifting / lowering pedal 101 is restricted.
Moreover, the stretcher 1 of this embodiment is provided with the release pedal mechanism which operates the release apparatus 94 by operation with respect to a pedal. The release pedal mechanism includes a release pedal 105 that is displaceably attached to the carriage 3 and a release link 106 that converts the displacement of the release pedal 105 into an operation on the release device 94.
For example, the release pedal 105 is rotatably attached to the carriage 3 and is disposed on both the left and right sides of the stretcher 1. The distal end portions of the rotation shafts 105a of the two right and left release pedals 105 are respectively inserted into bearings 100k provided in the jack case 97 with the left and right directions of the stretcher 1 as the axial direction, and are arranged in the jack case 97. It is inserted into one cylinder 105b and fixed to this cylinder 105b with screws. Accordingly, the two right and left release pedals 105 and the cylindrical body 105b rotate integrally. For example, the release pedal 105 is bent so as to be away from the lift pedal 101 so as not to contact the lift pedal 101.
The release link 106 includes, for example, a first release link 106a that rotates integrally with the release pedal 105, a second release link 106b that rotates integrally with the release screw 94b, and one end side of the release link 106a. The release third link 106c is connected to the other end and connected to the release second link 106b.
The first release link 106a is fixed to the cylindrical body 105b. One end of the second release link 106b is fixed to the release screw 94b, and a connection hole 107 to which the third release link 106c is connected is formed on the other end. The third release link 106c is provided with a rotating shaft 100m rotatably connected to the first release link 106a on one end side, and a pressing shaft 108 inserted into the connection hole 107 of the second release link 106b on the other end side. Is provided. For example, in this embodiment, the rotation shaft of the release screw 94b and the rotation shaft 105a of the release pedal 105 are not parallel, but the diameter of the pressing shaft 108 of the release third link 106c is set to the connection hole 107 of the second link for lease. The second release link 106b is configured to rotate by the displacement of the pressing shaft 108.
The release pedal mechanism is provided with means for returning the depressed pedal 105 to its original position. For example, a case-side spring hooking portion 100n is provided inside the jack case 97, and a pedal-side spring hooking portion 105c is provided on the first release link 106a, which is symmetrical to the first release link 106a on the cylinder 105b. The pedal side spring hooking portion 105c is also fixed at the position where the tension coil spring 109 is attached as a return means between the case side spring hooking portion 100n and the pedal side spring hooking portion 105c.
As shown in FIGS. 58 and 60, when the operator depresses one of the right and left release pedals 105, the cylindrical body 105b and the first release link 106a rotate while pulling the tension coil spring 109. The third link for release 106c swings by the rotation, and the pressing shaft 108 of the third link for release 106c presses the connection hole 107 of the second link for release 106b to rotate the second link for release 106b. 94b is rotated in the loosening direction. When the force for depressing the release pedal 105 is eliminated or weakened, the release pedal 105 depressed by the restoring force of the tension coil spring 109 returns to the original position, and the pressing shaft 108 of the third release link 106c is released. The two links 106b are rotated in the reverse direction to rotate in the direction in which the release screw 94b is tightened.
Furthermore, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment includes a brake mechanism that increases the force necessary to displace the release pedal 105 in accordance with the amount of displacement. In this brake mechanism, for example, the pressing member 110 that is integrally displaced with the release pedal 105 is in a non-engagement relationship with the displacement within a certain range of the release pedal 105, and exceeds the certain range. An elastic member 111 that is engaged with the pressing member 110 by the displacement of the release pedal 105 and elastically deforms according to the displacement of the pressing member 110 is used.
The pressing member 110 is fixed to a cylindrical body 105 b that rotates integrally with the release pedal 105. On the other hand, the elastic member 111 is, for example, a rubber material, and is fixed to the support member 112 that is rotatably attached to the cylindrical body 105b by screwing. When the pressing member 110 and the elastic member 111 are arranged to face each other and the release pedal 105 is in the original position, that is, when the release pedal 105 is not depressed, the pressing member 110 and the elastic member A space is formed between the head and the head 111.
Here, the stretcher 1 of the present embodiment has an adjusting means for adjusting the positional relationship between the pressing member 110 and the elastic member 111. This adjusting means is, for example, an adjusting screw 113 that is attached to the bottom of the jack case 97 and whose tip portion contacts a support member that supports the elastic member 111. When the adjustment screw 113 is rotated, the tip end portion of the adjustment screw 113 rotates the support member 112 around the cylindrical body 105b. Therefore, by rotating the adjustment screw 113 and adjusting the amount of protrusion of the adjustment screw 113 from the bottom inner surface of the jack case 97, the distance between the elastic member 111 and the pressing member 110 can be adjusted to a desired value. .
According to this brake mechanism, as shown in FIGS. 59 and 61, when the release pedal 105 is depressed, the pressing member 110 rotates, and the rotation amount of the release pedal 105 exceeds a certain amount. The pressing member 110 contacts the elastic member 111, and then the pressing member 110 rotates while elastically deforming the elastic member 111. Until the pressing member 110 comes into contact with the elastic member 111, the force necessary to rotate the release pedal 105 is sufficient to extend the tension coil spring 109, but the pressing member 110 comes into contact with the elastic member 111. Thereafter, a force for elastically deforming the elastic member 111 is required. Therefore, until the pressing member 110 comes into contact with the elastic member 111, the release pedal 105 can be stepped on with a light force and the release screw 94b can be slightly loosened. After the pressing member 110 comes into contact with the elastic member 111, By releasing the release pedal 105 with a stronger force, the release screw 94b can be loosened a lot. For example, in the present embodiment, when the release pedal 105 is depressed with a light force, a relatively large load that tends to push the piston portion 91b into the cylinder portion 91a as when a person is placed on the stretcher body 2 or the like. The piston portion 91b is smoothly contracted when the sway is acting, and when the release pedal 105 is depressed with a stronger force, the piston portion 91b is also smoothly contracted by the weight of the stretcher body 2. ing.
According to the stretcher 1 configured as described above, when the operator depresses one of the right and left lifting pedals 101, the piston portion 91b extends with respect to the cylinder portion 91a, and the four-node parallel link mechanism 4 rotates. The stretcher body 2 can be moved parallel to the carriage 3 by being moved. On the other hand, when the left or right release pedal 105 is depressed, the piston portion 91 b contracts, and the stretcher body 2 can be lowered in parallel with the carriage 3. According to the stretcher 1, the operator does not need to bend down to the lower part of the stretcher 1 and can perform the extension operation of the extension mechanism 5 while standing. Further, since the lifting pedal 101 and the release pedal 105 are arranged on the left and right sides of the stretcher 1, the operator does not need to go around to the side where the pedal is present, and can quickly move the stretcher body 2 up and down. Furthermore, the piston portion 91b can be contracted at an appropriate speed according to the situation by the strength of the force of depressing the release pedal 105 by the brake mechanism.
The lifting link 102 of the lifting pedal mechanism is not limited to the one described above, and may be as shown in FIGS. 69 and 70, for example. The elevating link 102 includes a first elevating link 102a ′ that rotates integrally with the elevating pedal 101, a second elevating link 102b ′ that is rotatably connected to the first elevating link 102a ′, and an elevating link. A second link 102c ′ that is rotatably connected to the second link 102b ′ and that is rotatably supported with respect to the carriage 3; The link 102b ′ is moved, and the third link 102c ′ for raising and lowering is rotated by the movement to apply a pressing force to the pump piston 93b of the oil pump 93. The configuration of the release pedal mechanism and the like other than the lifting link 102 may be the same as described above, and therefore the release pedal mechanism and the like are omitted in FIGS. 65 and 66.
In the jack case 97, the cylinder 101b through which the rotating shaft 101a of the lifting / lowering pedal 101 passes is fixed with screws so as to rotate integrally with the rotating shaft 101a, and the lifting first link 102a ′ is It is fixed to the cylinder 101b.
Two support shafts 100p are spanned between the front wall and the rear wall of the jack case 97, and two support plates 100g are fixed to the support shafts 100p. The third elevating link 102c ′ is attached between the two support plates 100g by a rotary shaft 100h parallel to the rotary shaft 101a of the lift pedal 101. A portion of the third elevating link 102c ′ that comes into contact with the pump piston 93b is substantially circular so that the members can be smoothly contacted. The second lifting link 102b ′ has one end connected to the first lifting link 102a ′ by the rotating shaft 100r and the other end connected to the third lifting link 102c ′ by the rotating shaft 100s. For example, the rotating shaft 101a is disposed closer to the portion where the lifting / lowering pedal 101 is depressed than the oil pump 93 disposed substantially at the center of the jack case 97, and the rotating shaft 100h sandwiches the oil pump 93 with respect to the rotating shaft 101a. The rotary shaft 100s is arranged between the rotary shaft 100h and the oil pump 93, and the third elevating link 102c ′ is arranged so that the pump piston 93b is always in contact with the lower surface thereof.
Also when this elevating link 102 is employed, the elevating pedals 101 can be arranged on both the left and right sides of the stretcher 1 and the left and right elevating pedals 101 can be connected to different elevating links 102, respectively. The two raising / lowering links 102 are basically arranged symmetrically, and the second raising / lowering link 102b ′ and the third raising / lowering link 102c ′ which are overlapping portions are shifted forward and backward as shown in FIG. 70, for example. Are arranged.
Further, the elevating pedal mechanism is provided with means for returning the depressed pedal 101 to its original position. For example, a spring hooking portion 101c is fixed to a cylinder 101b that rotates integrally with the lifting pedal 101, and a tension coil spring 103 is attached between the left and right spring hooking portions 101c as the return means. Yes.
As shown in Fig. 69, when the operator depresses one of the right and left lifting pedals 101, the cylinder body 101b and the first lifting link 102a 'rotate while pulling the tension coil spring 103. The second elevating link 102b ′ connected to the first link 102a ′ moves, and the third elevating link 102c ′ connected to the second elevating link 102b ′ rotates by the movement, and the elevating second link 102b ′ rotates. The pump piston 93b that is in contact with the third link 102c ′ is pushed into the pump cylinder 93a. When the force to depress the lifting / lowering pedal 101 is eliminated or weakened, the lifting / lowering pedal 101 depressed by the restoring force of the tension coil spring 103 returns to the original position and is pushed into the pump cylinder 93a by the restoring force of the compression coil spring 104. The pump piston 93b returns to the original position. Therefore, the pump piston 93b reciprocates by stepping on either the left or right lifting pedal 101. Reference numeral 116 denotes a rotation stopper that prevents the lifting / lowering pedal 101 from rotating backward.
In the case of the elevating link 102 of this elevating pedal mechanism, the elevating and lowering is performed between the elevating third link 102c ′ for pushing the pump piston 93b and the elevating first link 102a ′ rotating together with the elevating pedal 101. Since the second link 102b ′ is interposed, the rotating shaft 101a of the lifting / lowering pedal 101 can be disposed at a position away from the position where the oil pump 93 is located. Further, even if the elevating pedal 101 is arranged in a straight line without being bent, the elevating pedal 101 can be configured not to contact the base member 32 of the carriage 3. Accordingly, the pedal portion of the lifting / lowering pedal 101 moves away from the base member 32 of the carriage 3 and the amount L of the stepped-on pedal portion moving toward the rotating shaft 101a side of the lifting / lowering pedal 101 can be reduced. Thus, the operator's foot can be prevented from coming into contact with the base member 32 of the carriage 3.
In addition, the material of each member which comprises the stretcher 1 demonstrated above can select suitably the metal material or synthetic resin etc. which have required or desirable mechanical strength, lightness, weather resistance, workability, etc. is there. For example, the frame 20 can be reduced in weight while having the necessary strength of the stretcher 1 by being made of a light alloy.
The above-described embodiment is an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. For example, the configuration itself of the stretcher body 2 is not necessarily limited to the example of the above-described embodiment, and the present invention may be applied to a known or new stretcher body 2.
Further, in the above-described embodiment, the stretcher body 2 is attached to the third support shaft 47 and the fourth support shaft 48. Any structure may be used as long as the stretcher body 2 is supported by the parallel moving part. Thereby, the stretcher body 2 can be lifted and lowered in parallel to the carriage 3.
Further, the number of expansion / contraction mechanisms 5 is not limited to one, and a plurality of expansion / contraction mechanisms 5 may be provided. Furthermore, in this case, a plurality of actuating mechanisms 54 described in the first embodiment may be connected to transmit the rotation of one actuating mechanism 54 to another actuating mechanism 54. For example, when two telescopic mechanisms 5 are provided, two second bevel gears 542 are provided on the drive side actuating mechanism 54 and the second bevel gears 542 of the drive side and driven side actuating mechanisms 54 face each other. The second bevel gears 542 arranged and opposed to each other are connected by, for example, a connecting shaft or the like. When the opposing second bevel gears 542 are simply connected to each other, the rotation direction of the first bevel gear 541 is reversed between the drive side actuating mechanism 54 and the driven side actuating mechanism 54. Therefore, the screw rods 531 of the adjacent screw moving mechanisms 53 reverse the screw directions. Thereby, the slider 532 moves in the same direction. By providing a plurality of expansion / contraction mechanisms 5, there are advantages such as increased rigidity. Furthermore, a handle portion 59 that gives rotational input to the actuate mechanism 54 may be provided on both the left and right sides of the stretcher 1.
Further, the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 is not limited to the one that expands / contracts using the operator's force, but may be one that expands / contracts electrically. For example, the second bevel gear 542 is not limited to being manually rotated using the handle portion 59, and the motor 114 is attached to the base 51 as shown in FIG. Anyway. In this case, a switch for operating the motor 114 is provided, and the expansion / contraction mechanism 5 is electrically expanded / contracted by the switch operation. Further, the screw rod 531 may be directly rotated by the motor 114 without using the bevel gear. Further, a reduction gear train may be provided between the motor 114 and the screw rod 531 to reduce the rotation of the motor 114 and transmit it to the screw rod 531. In the case where the telescopic mechanism 5 ′ having the hydraulic cylinder 91 is employed, an electric pump may be used as the oil pump.
Further, the rotation of the motor 114 or the handle portion 59 is not necessarily limited to the one that transmits the rotation of the motor 114 or the handle portion 59 to the screw rod 531 via the bevel gears 541 and 542. You may make it transmit to the screw rod 531 or the slider 532 via wire conduction, chain conduction, etc.

Claims (15)

In a stretcher that can be changed into a wheelchair having a stretcher body that can be transformed into a chair by folding and a carriage that supports the stretcher body, the stretcher has four rotation fulcrums forming a parallelogram, and two of the rotation fulcrums are A four-joint parallel link mechanism that is fixed to the carriage and that supports the stretcher body at a portion that translates relative to the carriage, and restricts rotation of the four-joint parallel link mechanism and expands and contracts. A stretcher capable of changing the form of a wheelchair, comprising: an expansion / contraction mechanism arranged in a positional relationship for rotating the four-barrel parallel link mechanism. The extension mechanism includes a base, a moving part movable with respect to the base, a screw moving mechanism that is provided between the base and the moving part and moves the moving part by rotating, and is attached to the base The stretcher according to claim 1, further comprising an actuating mechanism that rotates the screw moving mechanism. The actuating mechanism includes a handle portion that gives a rotational input, and the screw moving mechanism includes a screw rod that is attached to the base and arranged in a sliding direction, and a screw rod that is attached to the moving portion and the screw rod is The actuator mechanism includes a first bevel gear that rotates the screw rod, and at least one second bevel gear that meshes with the first bevel gear, and the second bevel gear includes the handle portion. The stretcher capable of changing its form to a wheelchair according to claim 2, wherein the stretcher is connected to the handle portion so as to rotate in conjunction with the wheelchair. The stretcher capable of changing the form of the wheelchair according to claim 3, wherein the second bevel gear and the handle portion are connected via a universal shaft joint. The wheelchair according to claim 1, further comprising auxiliary means for generating an auxiliary force in a direction in which the telescopic mechanism is extended or a direction in which the stretcher body is lifted with respect to the carriage. Stretcher. The stretcher body includes a frame configured to be deformable into a chair by being folded, and a support member that is attached to the frame and supports a part of the patient's body, and the core of the support member or the support The part of the member itself that requires deformation of at least the support surface is divided into a plurality of parts, and the divided core members or the support members are connected by a flexible mechanism, and the flexible mechanism is parallel to each other at intervals. A fixed side member having a plurality of superposition plates arranged, a tilting side member having a plurality of superposition plates alternately overlapping with the superposition plates of the fixed side member, and each superposition plate of the fixed side member and the tilt side member A connecting shaft for passing through the polymerization points and fastening the polymerization plates, and urging the polymerization plates in the polymerization direction Biasing means, the tilt side member rotates about the connecting shaft and tilts a part of the core member or the support member, and utilizes the frictional force at the contact portion between the overlapping plates. The stretcher capable of changing its shape to a wheelchair according to claim 1, wherein the angle is maintained and the shape of the support surface is maintained. The stretcher capable of changing its shape to a wheelchair according to claim 2, wherein the actuating mechanism has a motor. The expansion and contraction mechanism extends when pressure oil is supplied and contracts when the pressure oil is discharged, and supplies and discharges pressure oil to the hydraulic cylinder by storing a certain amount of hydraulic oil. A stretcher capable of changing the form of the wheelchair according to claim 1, further comprising: The hydraulic cylinder has a cylinder portion, a piston portion slidably inserted into the cylinder portion, and a cylinder chamber surrounded by the cylinder portion and the piston portion. A tank, an oil pump that sucks oil from the oil tank and pumps the sucked oil to the cylinder chamber, an oil discharge passage that connects the cylinder chamber and the oil tank, and opens and closes the oil discharge passage A lifting device that is displaceably attached to the carriage, a raising / lowering link that converts the displacement of the raising / lowering pedal into an operation on the oil pump, and a displaceable attachment to the carriage. A release pedal; and a release link that converts a displacement of the release pedal into an operation on the release device. Stretcher range eighth claimed in claims characterized. The stretcher according to claim 9, wherein the lift pedal and the release pedal are provided on both left and right sides of the carriage. The elevating pedal is rotatably attached to the carriage, and the elevating link is supported by the first elevating link that rotates integrally with the elevating pedal, and is supported rotatably with respect to the carriage. And a second link for raising and lowering that contacts the first link for oil and the oil pump and applies a pressing force to the oil pump by rotating in conjunction with rotation of the first link for raising and lowering. A stretcher capable of changing its form to a wheelchair according to range 9. The elevating pedal is rotatably attached to the carriage, and the elevating link includes a first elevating link that rotates integrally with the elevating pedal, and an elevating unit that is rotatably connected to the first elevating link. A second link for rotation and a third link for raising and lowering that is rotatably connected to the second link for raising and lowering and that is rotatably supported with respect to the carriage, and by the rotation of the first link for raising and lowering The stretcher capable of changing the form of a wheelchair according to claim 9, wherein the second link for lifting is moved, and the third link for lifting is rotated by the movement to apply a pressing force to the oil pump. . The stretcher capable of changing the form of the wheelchair according to claim 9, further comprising a brake mechanism that increases a force required to displace the release pedal as the displacement amount of the release pedal increases. . The brake mechanism is in a non-engagement relationship between the pressing member that is integrally displaced with the release pedal and the pressing member at a displacement within a certain range of the release pedal, and the release member that exceeds the certain range. The stretcher capable of changing the form of a wheelchair according to claim 13, further comprising: an elastic member that engages with the pressing member by displacement of a pedal and elastically deforms according to the displacement of the pressing member. The stretcher capable of changing the form of the wheelchair according to claim 14, further comprising adjusting means for adjusting a positional relationship between the pressing member and the elastic member.

Images