JPWO2003040617A1

JPWO2003040617A1 - Mounting structure of fireproof tile for water pipe protection and fireproof structure for water pipe protection

Info

Publication number: JPWO2003040617A1
Application number: JP2003542833A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 寺部　保典; 保典寺部; 井上　敬太; 敬太井上; 中川　裕二; 裕二中川; 佐伯　健太郎; 健太郎佐伯
Original assignee: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Current assignee: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date: 2001-11-08
Filing date: 2002-11-06
Publication date: 2005-03-03
Anticipated expiration: 2022-11-06
Also published as: EP1443269A4; TW200303405A; TWI306145B; JP3881984B2; WO2003040617A1; EP1443269A1

Abstract

本発明は、ボイラ等に配設される水管を保護するために設けられた耐火タイルが該水管外表面をスライドさせて連結が困難な部位においても、該耐火タイルを容易かつ確実に施工可能であって、製造コストが安価である水管保護用耐火構造体を提供し、水管１０側より突設する耐火タイル係合部材として、基部の断面積を先端部の断面積より小にした支持部材１５と、該支持部材に係合され該支持部材の先端形状より大でかつ支持部材接離方向に移動自在な断面形状である耐火タイル側凹部１４とを有し、これらがモルタル等の接着剤１２を介して接合されており、さらに、前記支持部材１５の先端部及び基部が、段差部若しくは傾斜部を介して形成されることを特徴とする。The present invention is capable of easily and reliably constructing a fireproof tile even at a site where a fireproof tile provided to protect a water pipe disposed in a boiler or the like is difficult to connect by sliding the outer surface of the water pipe. The support member 15 is provided with a fire-resistant structure for protecting a water pipe that is inexpensive to manufacture, and has a base cross-sectional area smaller than a cross-sectional area of the tip as a fire-resistant tile engaging member protruding from the water pipe 10 side. And a refractory tile side recess 14 having a cross-sectional shape which is engaged with the support member and is larger than the tip shape of the support member and movable in the support member contact / separation direction, and these are adhesives 12 such as mortar. Further, the distal end portion and the base portion of the support member 15 are formed through a stepped portion or an inclined portion.

Description

技術分野
本発明は、焼却炉やボイラ等に配設される冷却、熱交換用水管壁を高温ガス雰囲気から保護するための水管保護用耐火構造体であって、特に、前記水管が開口部や屈曲部等の複雑な形状を有し、耐火タイルを水管外表面に沿ってスライドさせて連結することが困難な部位に配設する水管保護用耐火タイルの取り付け構造と水管保護用耐火構造体に関する。
背景技術
ごみ焼却炉やボイラ等には、高温ガス雰囲気の冷却、熱交換を目的として水管壁が配設されているが、例えば焼却炉炉壁などのように高温ガス雰囲気に加えて焼却灰の飛散による磨耗、腐食が著しい設置場所などでは、耐火タイル、耐火キャスタブル等の耐火構造体を炉内壁に周設して水管を保護している。
従来の耐火構造体は第９図（Ａ）、（Ｂ）に示すように、隣接する水管１０同士を連結するフィン１１の高温ガス側にＬ型フック１８を植設し、一方、水管に沿った湾曲形状を有する耐火タイル１３には前記フィン１１と係合可能な凹部１９を設け、前記Ｌ型フック１８と前記凹部１９とをスライドさせて嵌合させ、前記耐火タイル１３にかかる重力により該タイル１３が掛止されるように構成されている。さらに、前記耐火タイル１３と前記フィン１１との間、及び前記Ｌ型フック１８と凹部１９との間にはモルタルを介装させて該モルタルの接着力により強固に接合させている。
また、特開２０００−２１３７０３に示される水管保護用耐火構造体は、第９図（ｃ）に示されるように、水管１０の平面リブ（フィン）１１から耐火タイル１３側に向けて立設された支持アーム部１７の形状を、前記耐火タイル１３側へ向けて断面積が拡大されるような形状に構成し、該支持アーム部１７が嵌合される耐火タイル１３の凹部１９も該支持アーム部１７の形状に対応して奥まるに従い断面積が拡大される形状に構成し、両者の間にモルタル１２を充填している。
このように、前記Ｌ型フック１８及び支持アーム部１７等の支持部材と、前記耐火タイル側に設けた凹部１９とをスライドさせて嵌合し、該耐火タイルを掛止することにより、支持部材が燃焼ガス側に露出することがなくこれらの部材が燃焼ガスによって腐食するのを阻止し、また、かかる腐食によって引き起こされる耐火タイルの脱落や破損を防止できる。
さらに、ＰＣＴ／ＪＰ９８／０４８３２では、前記耐火タイルの凹部、すなわち前記支持部材の嵌合部に、該耐火タイルと同様のＳｉＣ等の材料を用いた耐火スリーブを接着し、該耐火スリーブの下側開口部から前記支持部材をスライドさせて挿入しこれらを嵌合させている。
このように前記耐火スリーブを介装することにより、前記耐火タイルと前記支持部材とがズレを生じることなく確実に嵌着される。
しかしながら、例えばストーカ式焼却炉に配設される水管などのように、燃焼用空気供給口、測定器設置口、作業用出入口であるマンホール及びクリンカチル等の水管が複雑に屈曲している部分が多く存在する場合においては、前記したように耐火タイルをスライドさせて嵌合させる構造では施工が非常に困難である。
また、前記耐火スリーブを介して支持部材と接合する場合においては、該耐火スリーブが複雑な形状を有しているうえに、該耐火スリーブを高精度に製造しなければならないために製造コストが嵩み、さらに施工性が悪化してしまうという問題が残る。
また、耐火タイルと水管外表面、フィン及び支持部材との間の空間にモルタル等の接着剤を充填して該耐火タイルと該水管とを接合させる場合、該モルタルを充填した前記各空間に隙間や気泡が存在すると、該耐火タイルと該水管外表面とのモルタルを介した接着面積が小さくなり、その結果、接着力が低下するため、該耐火タイルが該水管から脱落する可能性が高くなるという問題がある。
耐火タイルや水管の外観から、前記モルタルが前記各空間に隙間や気泡無く充填できたか否かを確認することはできない。該耐火タイル及び該水管は可視出来ないので、該耐火タイルと該水管との間の空間の様子を目視できないからである。前記モルタルの充填状況を目視以外で観察する方法として、Ｘ線透過を利用できるが、高価なＸ線透過計測装置と、計測するための工程が必要となり、水管保護用耐火構造体の製造コストを高くする問題がある。
発明の開示
本発明はかかる従来技術の問題に鑑み、ボイラ等に配設される水管を保護するために設けられた耐火タイルを、該水管外表面をスライドさせて連結することが困難な部位においても、該耐火タイルを容易かつ確実に施工可能で、かつ製造コストが安価である水管保護用耐火構造体を提供することを目的とする。
本発明は、かかる課題を達成するために、ボイラ等に配設される水管を保護するために、水管側より突設する耐火タイル係合部材にモルタル等の接着剤を介して止設された耐火タイルが設けられた水管保護用耐火構造体であって、該水管外表面をスライドさせて前記耐火タイルを前記係合部材に係合連結することが困難な部位における耐火タイル取り付け構造において、
前記困難な部位に位置する耐火タイル取り付け構造が、基部の断面積を先端部の断面積より小にした支持部材と、該支持部材の先端形状より大でかつ支持部材接離方向に移動自在な断面形状である凹部を耐火タイル係合側に設けた耐火タイルとを有し、該耐火タイルを水管接近方向に押圧させて嵌め合い、前記係合部材にモルタル等の接着剤を介して接合されていることを特徴とする。
かかる発明によれば、前記耐火タイルに設けた凹部と前記水管から突設する支持部材とを水管表面に沿ってスライドさせずに耐火タイルを水管接近方向に押圧させて、いわゆる嵌め込み形式で係合させるために、スライドさせる余裕空間のない開口部や屈曲部等の複雑な形状を有する水管にも容易に接合可能であるとともに、耐火スリーブ等を用いない構造であるために安価で、また高施工性で以って施工可能である。
さらに、前記支持部材と耐火タイルとをモルタル等の接着剤により固定しているため、該接着剤の粘着力に加えて前記支持部材の先端部が乾燥固化したモルタルに掛止されることにより、つまり、接着剤の乾燥焚き後に発生する強度により前記耐火タイルと水管とを接合し、鉛直方向のみならず天井部に施工しても脱落せず確実に固定可能な耐火構造体を得ることができる。
また、本発明は、前記支持部材が基部より先端側が太なる径の略断面円形である、即ち前記支持部材の軸直交断面形状を略円形とすることで、該支持部材との熱膨張差による前記接着剤若しくは前記耐火タイルへのき裂の発生を防止することができる。
また、本発明は、前記支持部材が、段差を介して基部と先端部とを形成しているか、若しくは前記支持部材が、基部より先端側に向けてテーパ広がり部を介して基部と先端部とを形成したりするように構成することで、前記支持部材と接着剤との掛止効果が向上し接合部分がより強固に形成される。
また、本発明は、支持部材の外表面積が、円筒状又は直方体状の支持部材の外表面積よりも広くなるので、支持部材と接着剤との接触面積が増加し、該支持部材と該接着剤との掛止効果が向上することにより接合部分がより強固に形成される。
また、本発明は、前記耐火タイルの凹部の開先開口断面空間が、前記支持部材の先端面形状より遊嵌可能に大きく、かつ、該凹部の開先開口断面空間より深さ方向に向かって奥部側が、末広がり状に拡大していくことを特徴とする。
かかる発明によれば、前記凹部の内表面積が、凹部の開先開口幅と基部開口幅とが同じ場合に比べて広くなるので、前記耐火タイルと接着剤との接触面積が増加し、耐火タイルを水管接近方向に押圧させて、前記係合部材にモルタル等の接着剤を介して接合される為に、そのモルタルが介在する押圧面積が増大し、該耐火タイルと該接着剤との掛止効果が向上することにより接合部分がより強固に形成される。その結果、鉛直方向のみならず天井部に施工しても脱落せず確実に固定可能な耐火構造体を得ることができる。
また、本発明は、前記耐火タイルの凹部に、該耐火タイルの水管側から反対側に貫通する孔を設けたことを特徴とする。
かかる発明によれば、前記耐火タイルと前記水管との間の空間に注入したモルタル等の接着剤が該孔から溢出することにより、該接着剤が該空間に隙間や気泡無く充填されたことを目視によって確認できるので、耐火タイルと該水管外表面とのモルタルを介した接着面積空間に隙間や気泡無く充填できたか否かを確認することはでき該耐火タイルの施工を確実にできる。
また、本発明は、二次燃焼吹き込み口よりガス滞留時間が約２秒以上で、耐火物施工上限までの炉出口温度が約９００〜１２００℃のストーカ式焼却炉の燃焼用空気供給口、測定器設置口、作業用出入口であるマンホール及びクリンカチル等の水管が複雑に屈曲している部分が多く存在する部位若しくは炉壁鉛直面や天井部に設けられた位置する耐火タイル取り付け構造が、基部の断面積を先端部の断面積より小にした支持部材と、該支持部材の先端形状より大でかつ支持部材接離方向に移動自在な断面形状である凹部を耐火タイル係合側に設けた耐火タイルとを有し、該耐火タイルを水管接近方向に押圧させて、前記係合部材をモルタル等の接着剤を介して接合されていることを特徴とする水管保護用構造体にある
かかる発明によれば、一般に広く普及しているストーカ式焼却炉より高温に設定された炉に配設したものであって、このような焼却炉の場合には、従来耐火キャスタブル等の不定形耐火物で対応していた水管開口部や屈曲部等の複雑な形状を有する部位にも高温でも耐久性の高い耐火タイルを施工する必要が生じるため、前記したような発明を適用することによって高温ガス雰囲気においても確実に水管を保護することのできる耐火物を簡単に施工することができる。
発明を実施するための最良の形態
以下、図面を参照して本発明の好適な実施例を例示的に詳しく説明する。但しこの実施例に記載されている構成部品の寸法、材質、形状、その相対的配置等は特に特定的な記載がない限りは、この発明の範囲をそれに限定する趣旨ではなく、単なる説明例に過ぎない。
第１図は本発明の実施形態に係る水管保護用耐火物の係合部材の側断面図（Ａ）、Ａ−Ａ断面図（Ｂ）である。
本実施形態において耐火構造体を配設する水管は、一例としてストーカ式焼却炉に設けられるものとする。さらに、係るストーカ式焼却炉は炉出口温度が約９００〜１２００℃の高温炉とし、炉壁温度は８００℃程度まで上昇することがある。
第１図（Ａ）、（Ｂ）において、１０は冷却水を通流する水管で、隣接する該水管１０を水平方向あるいは垂直方向に連結して補強するためのフィン１１により水管壁を形成している。１３はＳｉＣを主成分とする耐火タイルであり、該耐火タイル１３に用いられる材料は、ＳｉＣのほかにＳＫ、Ｓｉ_３Ｎ_４等耐久性、耐食性の高い材料であれば特に限定されない。
かかる耐火タイル１３は、施工現場の外部の工場等で材料を型材に入れて加圧、焼結等の加工成型を施して製造したものを使用する。尚、前記耐火タイル１３の製造過程において、水管１０接合側に凹部１４を設けておく。この場合、前記耐火タイル１３の、後述する支持部材１５との係合部は、従来のＬ型凹部のように精密に作る必要がなく、かつフィン１１側に開放された形状であるため、型抜きが容易となるので、プレス成型により製造することができるため製造コストを低く抑えることができる。
前記フィン１１には、炉内へ向けてステンレス製の金属材料を用いた支持部材１５が植設されており、該支持部材１５と前記凹部１４とがモルタル１２を介して接合されている。なお、前記モルタル１２は、ＳｉＣモルタル、アロンセラミック（商品名）等の２５０℃以上の高温においても接着性能が低下しない無機系接着剤を用いているために、熱による接着劣化が生じることはない。
前記支持部材１５及びこれに対応して設けられた前記凹部１４は、水管１０の２列を１組として前記フィン１１に設けるのが好適であるが、３列以上を１組として設けても良い。
そして、前記支持部材１５は第２図乃至第４図に示したものから製造条件及び使用状態等に応じて選択される。
第２図乃至第４図は本発明の第１乃至第３実施例に係る支持部材の斜視図（Ａ）及び側面図（Ｂ）である。
第２図に示される第１実施例では、支持部材１５ＡにＴ字状のフックを用いており、先端部１５Ａａは基部１５Ａｂより断面形状が大である方形板で、縦長辺と略同じ長さの基部１５Ａｂにより前記水管１０に接合されている。このように前記先端部１５Ａａと基部１５Ａｂとに段差部を設けた支持部材とすることにより前記モルタル１２との掛止効果が高まり耐火タイル１３が前記水管に強固に接合される。
また、第３図に示される第２実施例における支持部材１５Ｂは、先端部１５Ｂａが基部１５Ｂｂより断面形状が大である円形板で、円柱状の基部１５Ｂｂにより前記水管１０に接合されている。このように前記先端部１５Ｂａを円形板とすることで、施工した際に熱膨張により前記モルタル１２に部分的に応力がかかることを防ぎ、該モルタル１２にき裂が発生し難くなる。さらに、前記第１実施例と同様に段差部を設けているために前記モルタル１２と該支持部材１５Ｂとの掛止効果が向上する。
なお、支持部材として、前記形状を有するボルトを用いても良い。
第４図に示される第３実施例における支持部材１５Ｃは、先端部１５Ｃａを基部１５Ｃｂより断面形状が大である円形板とし、該先端部１５Ｃａから基部１５Ｃｂに向けて縮径して傾斜する円錐台形状を有する基部１５Ｃｂにより前記水管１０に接合する形状としている。
かかる形状とすることにより角部を有さない滑らかな形状とすることができ、熱膨張差によるき裂の発生を、前記第２実施例よりさらに確実に防止することが可能となる。
なお、本発明に用いることができる支持部材は、前記実施例に限らず基部の断面積が先端部の断面積より小である支持部材であれば何れでも良い。
第５図乃至第６図は本発明の第４乃至第５実施例に係る支持金物（支持部材）を用いた水管保護用耐火物の横断面図である。
また、第５図に示される第４実施例においては、第１図（ｂ）に示す構造において、前記耐火タイル１３の凹部の開先部１４ａ開口断面空間が、前記支持部材の先端面１５Ａａ形状より遊嵌可能に大きく、かつ、該凹部の開先１４ａ開口断面空間より深さ方向に向かって奥部側（凹部基部１４ｂ）が、末広がり状に拡大していくように構成している。即ち耐火タイルの凹部の開先部１４ａ開口幅が、支持部材１５の該開口幅方向の最大幅（支持部材先端部１５Ａａ）よりも大きく、かつ、該凹部基部１４ｂ基部より開先部１４ａ側に向けての深さ方向の開口幅が該耐火タイル１３側から水管１０のフィン１１側に向かって縮小していくように構成した。第２図に示す支持部材１５Ａを用いた場合、支持部材先端部１５Ａａの幅よりも該耐火タイル１３の凹部開先部１４ａの開口幅を大きくし、更に凹部基部１４ｂの幅を凹部開先部１４ｖの開口幅よりも大きくする。支持部材１５Ａの高さは先端部から基部にかけて一定なので、凹部の深さは支持部材１５Ａの高さより大きくし一定とする。
なお、本実施例における支持部材１５の形状は、第２図に示す第１実施例、第３図に示す第２実施例、第４図に示す第３実施例の何れでも構わないし、これらの形状に限定されるものでもない。例えば、第３図に示す支持部材１５Ｂの場合、凹部開先部１４ａを円形開口として、該開口径を支持部材先端部１５Ｂａの外径よりも大きくする。凹部基部の径は該開口径よりも大きくする。第４図に示す支持部材１５Ｃの場合も、凹部開先部１４ａを円形開口として、該開口径を支持部材先端部１５Ｃａの外径よりも大きくする。凹部基部の径は該開口径よりも大きくする。
以上のように、耐火タイルの凹部の開先開口幅若しくは開先径を、支持部材の該開口幅方向の最大幅若しくは径よりも大きく、かつ、該凹部の深さ方向の開口幅若しくは径を該耐火タイル側から水管側に向かって縮小していく構造とすることによって、該耐火タイルを該水管の外表面に沿ってスライドさせることなく、フィン１１押圧方向に向けてモルタルを介してタイル１３を押圧しながら遊嵌形式で該水管に係合させることができ、かつ、該耐火タイル１３とモルタル１２との接触面積を、凹部の開先部１４ａ開口幅と基部１４ｂ開口幅とが同じ場合に比べて大きくできるので、該耐火タイル１３と該モルタル剤との止設効果が向上し、接合部分がより強固に形成できる。その結果、鉛直方向のみならず天井部に施工しても脱落せず確実に固定可能な耐火構造体を提供することができる。
また、第６図に示される第５実施例においては、耐火タイル１３の凹部１４の水管側表面から反対側表面に確認孔２０を穿孔した耐火タイル１３を水管１０に接合した構造体を示している。本実施例は、耐火タイル１３に確認孔２０を穿孔した以外は第１図（Ｂ）に示した構造と同じである。本実施例によれば、耐火タイル１３と水管１０との間、耐火タイル１３とフィン１１との間、及び耐火タイル１３と支持部材１５との間の各空間に、水管１０の軸方向からモルタルを注入していくと、該各空間が該モルタルで満たされ、その後、前記確認孔２０から該モルタルが溢出することによって、該モルタルが該各空間に隙間や気泡無く充填されたことを目視によって確認できる。
または、前記水管１０の外表面、前記フィン１１、及び前記支持部材１５の表面にモルタルを予め塗布しておき、耐火タイル１３を該モルタル塗布面に圧着させることによって、もし該モルタルが前記各空間を満たしてさらに余れば、確認孔２０から溢出してくるので、該モルタルが該各空間に隙間や気泡無く充填されたことが目視によって確認できる。その結果、耐火タイルの水管外表面への施工を確実にかつ安価にできる。
なお、第６図に示す実施例では、支持部材１５に対向する位置に確認孔２０を穿孔した例を示したが、確認孔２０の位置、個数、開口形状及び開口寸法は任意であり、耐火タイル１３の形状によって適宜決めればよい。また、本実施例における支持部材１５の形状は、第２図に示す第１実施例、第３図に示す第２実施例、第４図に示す第３実施例の何れでも構わないし、これらの形状に限定されるものでもない。
、第７図及び第８図は本発明の実施形態にかかる水管保護用耐火物を施工した概略図である。
前記タイルの耐火タイルの取り付け構造体は、例えば、第７図若しくは第８図に示されるような水管壁に設けられる。第７図は、耐火タイル１３と耐火キャスタブル１６との境界部に位置する耐火タイル１３ａに適用したもので、このように、耐火タイル施工部の上方位置に耐火キャスタブル１６が施工されており該耐火タイル１３を上方からスライドさせて嵌め込むことが困難である施工部位において、フィン１１に前記したような支持部材１５を突設し、該支持部材１５と係合可能な凹部１４を有する耐火タイル１３ａを施工部位に垂直方向に嵌め込む。
このように、本実施形態における耐火タイル取り付け構造を用いることにより、上方部、またはその他の方向にスライドする余地のない接合部位においても、耐火構造体をスライドさせて係合させる必要がなく、該構造体を簡単にかつ確実に施工することができる。また、第８図のように、例えば焼却炉の燃焼用空気供給口、測定器設置口、作業用出入口であるマンホール及びクリンカチル等の水管が複雑に屈曲している部分であって、前記耐火タイル１３の施工時に該耐火タイル１３をスライドさせることが困難である場合に、前記屈曲部に応じて製造された耐火タイル１３に設けられた凹部１４（不図示）と支持部材１５とを施工部位に垂直方向に嵌め込むようにする。これにより、水管が複雑な形状をしている部位においても簡単にかつ確実に施工することが出来、本実施形態のような高温炉であっても全面的に耐火タイル１３を施工することができる。
産業上の利用可能性
以上記載のごとく本発明によれば、耐火タイルに設けた凹部と水管から突設する支持部材とをスライドさせずに嵌め込み形式で係合させるために、開口部や屈曲部等の複雑な形状を有する水管にも容易に固設可能であるとともに、耐火スリーブ等を用いない構成であるために安価で、また高施工性で以って施工可能である。
また、前記支持部材と耐火タイルとをモルタル等の接着剤により固定しているため、該接着剤の粘着力に加えて前記支持部材の先端部が乾燥固化したモルタルに掛止されることにより、つまり、モルタルの乾燥焚きに発生する強度により前記耐火タイルと水管とを固定し、鉛直方向のみならず天井部に施工しても脱落せず確実に接合可能な耐火構造体を提供することができる。
また、前記支持部材の断面形状を略円形とすることで、該支持部材との熱膨張差による前記接着剤若しくは前記耐火タイルへのき裂の発生を防止することができる。
また、前記支持部材を段差を介して基部と先端部とを形成したり、傾斜部を介して基部と先端部とを形成したりするように構成することで、前記支持部材と接着剤との掛止効果が向上し接合部分がより強固に形成される。
また、耐火タイルの凹部の内表面積が広くなるので、該耐火タイルと接着剤との接触面積が増加し、該耐火タイルと該接着剤との掛止効果が向上することにより接合部分がより強固に形成される。その結果、鉛直方向のみならず天井部に施工しても脱落せず確実に固定可能な耐火構造体を提供することができる。
また、耐火タイルに、該耐火タイルの水管側から反対側に貫通する孔を設けたので、該耐火タイルと該水管との間の空間に注入した接着剤が該孔から溢出することにより、該接着剤が該空間に隙間や気泡無く充填されたことを目視によって確認できるので、該耐火タイルの施工を確実にかつ安価にできる。
また、水管開口部や屈曲部等の複雑な形状を有する部位にも容易に施工することができ水管壁全面に施工可能で、また高温雰囲気下においても確実に水管を保護することのできる耐火構造体を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図は、本発明の実施形態に係る水管保護用耐火物の係合部材の側断面図（Ａ）、Ａ−Ａ断面図（Ｂ）である。
第２図は、本発明の第１実施例に係る支持部材の斜視図（Ａ）及び側面図（Ｂ）である。
第３図は、本発明の第２実施例に係る支持部材の斜視図（Ａ）及び側面図（Ｂ）である。
第４図は、本発明の第３実施例に係る支持部材の斜視図（Ａ）及び側面図（Ｂ）である。
第５図は、本発明の第４実施例に係る支持部材の横断面図である。
第６図は、本発明の第５実施例に係る支持部材の横断面図である。
第７図は、本発明の実施形態にかかる水管保護用耐火物を施工した概略図である。
第８図は、本発明の実施形態にかかる水管保護用耐火物を施工した概略図である。
第９図は、従来における水管保護用耐火物の側断面図（Ａ）、Ｂ−Ｂ断面図（Ｂ）、別の従来技術における水管保護用耐火物の断面図（ｃ）である。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention is a water tube protecting refractory structure for protecting a cooling and heat exchange water pipe wall disposed in an incinerator, a boiler, etc. from a high-temperature gas atmosphere. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a water tube protecting fireproof tile mounting structure and a water tube protecting fireproof structure that have a complicated shape such as a bent portion and are disposed at a site where it is difficult to connect the fireproof tile by sliding along the outer surface of the water tube. .
Background Art Waste incinerators and boilers are provided with water pipe walls for the purpose of cooling and heat exchange of high-temperature gas atmospheres. For example, incineration ash is added to high-temperature gas atmospheres such as incinerator furnace walls. In places where there is significant wear and corrosion due to splashing, fireproof structures such as fireproof tiles and fireproof castables are placed around the furnace inner wall to protect the water pipes.
As shown in FIGS. 9 (A) and 9 (B), the conventional refractory structure has an L-shaped hook 18 planted on the high-temperature gas side of the fin 11 connecting the adjacent water tubes 10 to each other. The refractory tile 13 having a curved shape is provided with a concave portion 19 that can be engaged with the fin 11, and the L-shaped hook 18 and the concave portion 19 are slid and fitted to each other. The tile 13 is configured to be hooked. Further, a mortar is interposed between the refractory tile 13 and the fin 11 and between the L-shaped hook 18 and the recess 19 to be firmly bonded by the adhesive force of the mortar.
Further, the water tube protecting fireproof structure disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-213703 is erected from the plane rib (fin) 11 of the water tube 10 toward the fireproof tile 13 as shown in FIG. 9 (c). The shape of the support arm portion 17 is configured such that the cross-sectional area is enlarged toward the fireproof tile 13 side, and the concave portion 19 of the fireproof tile 13 into which the support arm portion 17 is fitted is also the support arm. It corresponds to the shape of the part 17, and the cross-sectional area is enlarged as it goes deeper, and the mortar 12 is filled between the two.
As described above, the support member such as the L-shaped hook 18 and the support arm portion 17 and the recess 19 provided on the refractory tile side are slid and fitted, and the refractory tile is hooked to thereby support the support member. Is prevented from being exposed to the combustion gas side, so that these members can be prevented from corroding by the combustion gas, and the refractory tile can be prevented from falling off or being damaged by the corrosion.
Further, in PCT / JP98 / 04832, a refractory sleeve using a material such as SiC similar to the refractory tile is bonded to the recess of the refractory tile, that is, the fitting portion of the support member, and the lower side of the refractory sleeve The support member is slid and inserted through the opening, and these are fitted.
By interposing the fireproof sleeve in this manner, the fireproof tile and the support member are securely fitted without causing a shift.
However, there are many parts where water pipes such as a combustion air supply port, a measuring device installation port, a manhole and a clinker chill are bent in a complicated manner, such as a water tube disposed in a stoker-type incinerator. In the case where it exists, the construction is very difficult with the structure in which the fireproof tile is slid and fitted as described above.
Further, in the case of joining to the support member via the fireproof sleeve, the fireproof sleeve has a complicated shape and the fireproof sleeve has to be manufactured with high accuracy. However, the problem that the workability is further deteriorated remains.
Further, when the space between the refractory tile and the outer surface of the water pipe, the fin and the support member is filled with an adhesive such as mortar to join the refractory tile and the water pipe, there is a gap in each space filled with the mortar. If bubbles or bubbles are present, the adhesion area between the refractory tile and the outer surface of the water pipe through the mortar is reduced, and as a result, the adhesive force is reduced, so that there is a high possibility that the refractory tile is dropped from the water pipe. There is a problem.
From the appearance of the refractory tile and water pipe, it cannot be confirmed whether or not the mortar has been filled in the spaces without gaps or bubbles. This is because the refractory tile and the water pipe are not visible, and the state of the space between the refractory tile and the water pipe cannot be visually observed. X-ray transmission can be used as a method for observing the mortar filling condition other than by visual observation. However, an expensive X-ray transmission measuring device and a process for measurement are required, and the manufacturing cost of the fireproof structure for water tube protection is reduced. There is a problem to raise.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a fireproof tile provided for protecting a water pipe disposed in a boiler or the like in a region where it is difficult to connect the outer surface of the water pipe by sliding. It is another object of the present invention to provide a fireproof structure for protecting a water pipe, which can be applied easily and reliably and has a low manufacturing cost.
In order to achieve such a problem, the present invention was fixed to a fireproof tile engaging member protruding from the water pipe side through an adhesive such as mortar in order to protect the water pipe arranged in the boiler or the like. A fireproof structure for protecting a water pipe provided with a fireproof tile, wherein the outer surface of the water pipe is slid and it is difficult to engage and connect the fireproof tile to the engagement member.
The refractory tile mounting structure located in the difficult part has a support member in which the cross-sectional area of the base portion is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the tip portion, and is larger than the tip shape of the support member and is movable in the support member contact / separation direction. A fireproof tile provided with a recessed portion having a cross-sectional shape on the fireproof tile engaging side, and the fireproof tile is pressed and fitted in the water pipe approaching direction, and joined to the engaging member via an adhesive such as mortar. It is characterized by.
According to this invention, the recessed portion provided in the refractory tile and the support member protruding from the water pipe are not slid along the surface of the water pipe, and the refractory tile is pressed in the water pipe approaching direction, and is engaged in a so-called fitting type. Therefore, it can be easily joined to water pipes with complicated shapes such as openings and bends that do not have enough space to slide, and it is inexpensive and high construction because it has a structure that does not use a fireproof sleeve. It can be constructed with the characteristics.
Furthermore, since the support member and the refractory tile are fixed with an adhesive such as mortar, in addition to the adhesive force of the adhesive, the tip of the support member is hooked on the dried and solidified mortar, That is, the fireproof tile and the water pipe are joined by the strength generated after the adhesive is fired, and a fireproof structure that can be securely fixed without dropping even when applied to the ceiling as well as the vertical direction can be obtained. .
Further, according to the present invention, the support member has a substantially circular cross section with a diameter that is thicker on the tip side than the base, that is, the axial orthogonal cross sectional shape of the support member has a substantially circular shape. Generation of cracks in the adhesive or the refractory tile can be prevented.
Further, according to the present invention, the support member forms a base portion and a tip portion through a step, or the support member forms a base portion and a tip portion through a taper widening portion from the base portion toward the tip side. In this way, the latching effect between the support member and the adhesive is improved, and the joint portion is formed more firmly.
Further, in the present invention, since the outer surface area of the support member is larger than the outer surface area of the cylindrical or cuboid support member, the contact area between the support member and the adhesive increases, and the support member and the adhesive As a result, the joint portion is more firmly formed.
Further, according to the present invention, the groove opening sectional space of the recess of the refractory tile is larger than the shape of the front end surface of the support member so as to be loosely fitted, and the depth direction is greater than the groove opening sectional space of the recess. It is characterized in that the back side is enlarged in a divergent shape.
According to this invention, since the inner surface area of the recess is wider than when the groove opening width and the base opening width of the recess are the same, the contact area between the refractory tile and the adhesive increases, and the refractory tile Is pressed in the water pipe approaching direction and joined to the engaging member via an adhesive such as mortar, so that the pressing area interposed by the mortar increases, and the fireproof tile and the adhesive are latched. By improving the effect, the joint portion is formed more firmly. As a result, it is possible to obtain a refractory structure that can be securely fixed without falling off even when installed on the ceiling as well as in the vertical direction.
Further, the present invention is characterized in that a hole penetrating from the water pipe side to the opposite side of the refractory tile is provided in the concave portion of the refractory tile.
According to this invention, when the adhesive such as mortar injected into the space between the refractory tile and the water pipe overflows from the hole, the adhesive is filled in the space without gaps or bubbles. Since it can be confirmed visually, it can be confirmed whether or not the adhesion area space between the refractory tile and the outer surface of the water pipe via the mortar can be filled without gaps or bubbles, and the construction of the refractory tile can be ensured.
The present invention also provides a combustion air supply port for a stoker-type incinerator having a gas residence time of about 2 seconds or more from the secondary combustion inlet and a furnace outlet temperature up to the upper limit of refractory construction of about 900 to 1200 ° C. A fireproof tile mounting structure located on the vertical part of the furnace wall or on the ceiling or in the ceiling where the water pipes such as manholes and clinker chills, which are installed in the container, are intricately bent. A fire-resistant tile having a support member having a cross-sectional area smaller than the cross-sectional area of the tip portion and a recess having a cross-sectional shape larger than the tip shape of the support member and movable in the support member contact / separation direction on the fire-resistant tile engaging side The invention according to the invention for a water tube protection structure comprising: a tile, wherein the fireproof tile is pressed in the water tube approaching direction, and the engaging member is joined via an adhesive such as mortar. According to one It was installed in a furnace set to a higher temperature than the stoker-type incinerator that is widely used in the past, and in the case of such an incinerator, it was conventionally handled with an irregular refractory such as a refractory castable. Since it is necessary to construct a fireproof tile having high durability even at a high temperature even in a part having a complicated shape such as a water pipe opening or a bent part, the water pipe can be surely applied even in a high temperature gas atmosphere by applying the invention as described above. It is possible to easily construct a refractory that can protect the fire.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified, but are merely illustrative examples. Not too much.
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view (A) and a cross-sectional view (B) taken along line AA of an engaging member of a water pipe protecting refractory according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In this embodiment, the water pipe in which the fireproof structure is disposed is provided in a stoker-type incinerator as an example. Furthermore, the stoker type incinerator is a high temperature furnace having a furnace outlet temperature of about 900 to 1200 ° C., and the furnace wall temperature may rise to about 800 ° C.
1A and 1B, reference numeral 10 denotes a water pipe through which cooling water flows, and a water pipe wall is formed by fins 11 for connecting and reinforcing adjacent water pipes 10 in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction. doing. Reference numeral 13 denotes a refractory tile mainly composed of SiC. The material used for the refractory tile 13 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material having high durability and corrosion resistance such as SK and Si ₃ N _{4 in} addition to SiC.
Such a refractory tile 13 is manufactured by putting a material into a mold material at a factory outside the construction site and performing processing such as pressurization and sintering. In the process of manufacturing the refractory tile 13, a recess 14 is provided on the water pipe 10 joint side. In this case, the engagement portion of the fireproof tile 13 with the support member 15 to be described later does not need to be made precisely like a conventional L-shaped recess and has a shape opened to the fin 11 side. Since it becomes easy to punch, it can be manufactured by press molding, so that the manufacturing cost can be kept low.
A support member 15 using a stainless steel metal material is implanted in the fin 11 toward the furnace, and the support member 15 and the recess 14 are joined to each other via a mortar 12. The mortar 12 uses an inorganic adhesive such as SiC mortar, Aron ceramic (trade name) or the like that does not deteriorate the adhesive performance even at a high temperature of 250 ° C. or higher. Therefore, the adhesive deterioration due to heat does not occur. .
The support member 15 and the concave portion 14 provided corresponding to the support member 15 are preferably provided in the fin 11 with two rows of the water tubes 10 as one set, but may be provided with three rows or more as one set. .
The support member 15 is selected from those shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 according to the manufacturing conditions and the use state.
2 to 4 are a perspective view (A) and a side view (B) of a support member according to first to third embodiments of the present invention.
In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a T-shaped hook is used for the support member 15A, and the distal end portion 15Aa is a square plate having a cross-sectional shape larger than that of the base portion 15Ab, and is approximately the same length as the longitudinal long side. The base portion 15Ab is joined to the water pipe 10. Thus, by using the support member provided with the step portion at the tip portion 15Aa and the base portion 15Ab, the latching effect with the mortar 12 is enhanced, and the refractory tile 13 is firmly joined to the water pipe.
Further, the supporting member 15B in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is a circular plate having a tip portion 15Ba having a larger cross-sectional shape than the base portion 15Bb, and is joined to the water pipe 10 by a columnar base portion 15Bb. Thus, by making the said front-end | tip part 15Ba into a circular board, when constructing, it prevents that the said mortar 12 applies a stress partially by thermal expansion, and it becomes difficult to generate | occur | produce a crack in this mortar 12. Further, since the step portion is provided in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the latching effect between the mortar 12 and the support member 15B is improved.
In addition, you may use the volt | bolt which has the said shape as a supporting member.
The support member 15C in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is a cone whose tip 15Ca is a circular plate having a cross-sectional shape larger than that of the base 15Cb, and whose diameter decreases from the tip 15Ca toward the base 15Cb. The base 15 </ b> Cb having a trapezoidal shape is joined to the water pipe 10.
By adopting such a shape, it is possible to obtain a smooth shape having no corners, and it is possible to more reliably prevent the occurrence of cracks due to a difference in thermal expansion than in the second embodiment.
The support member that can be used in the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and any support member may be used as long as the cross-sectional area of the base is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the tip.
FIGS. 5 to 6 are cross-sectional views of refractories for protecting water pipes using support hardware (support members) according to fourth to fifth embodiments of the present invention.
Further, in the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 5, in the structure shown in FIG. 1 (b), the groove 14a opening cross-sectional space of the concave portion of the refractory tile 13 has the shape of the front end face 15Aa of the support member. It is configured so that it can be loosely fitted, and the back side (the recessed portion base portion 14b) expands toward the depth direction from the opening cross-sectional space of the groove 14a. That is, the opening width of the groove portion 14a of the recess of the refractory tile is larger than the maximum width of the support member 15 in the opening width direction (support member front end portion 15Aa) and is closer to the groove portion 14a than the base portion of the recess base portion 14b. The opening width in the depth direction is reduced from the refractory tile 13 side toward the fin 11 side of the water pipe 10. When the support member 15A shown in FIG. 2 is used, the opening width of the recess groove portion 14a of the refractory tile 13 is made larger than the width of the support member front end portion 15Aa, and the width of the recess base portion 14b is further reduced to the recess groove portion. It is larger than the opening width of 14v. Since the height of the support member 15A is constant from the distal end portion to the base portion, the depth of the recess is made larger than the height of the support member 15A and constant.
The shape of the support member 15 in this embodiment may be any of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3, and the third embodiment shown in FIG. It is not limited to the shape. For example, in the case of the support member 15B shown in FIG. 3, the recess groove portion 14a is a circular opening, and the opening diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the support member tip portion 15Ba. The diameter of the recess base is made larger than the opening diameter. Also in the case of the support member 15C shown in FIG. 4, the recess groove portion 14a is formed as a circular opening, and the opening diameter is made larger than the outer diameter of the support member front end portion 15Ca. The diameter of the recess base is made larger than the opening diameter.
As described above, the groove opening width or groove diameter of the recess of the refractory tile is larger than the maximum width or diameter of the supporting member in the opening width direction, and the opening width or diameter of the recess in the depth direction is set. By adopting a structure that shrinks from the refractory tile side toward the water pipe side, the tile 13 is placed through the mortar in the pressing direction of the fin 11 without sliding the refractory tile along the outer surface of the water pipe. The contact area between the refractory tile 13 and the mortar 12 is the same as the opening width of the groove 14a and the opening width of the base portion 14b. Therefore, the fixing effect of the refractory tile 13 and the mortar agent is improved, and the joint portion can be formed more firmly. As a result, it is possible to provide a fireproof structure that can be securely fixed without falling off even if it is applied to the ceiling as well as the vertical direction.
Further, in the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 6, a structure in which a refractory tile 13 having a confirmation hole 20 drilled in the opposite surface from the water pipe side surface of the recess 14 of the refractory tile 13 is joined to the water pipe 10 is shown. Yes. This embodiment is the same as the structure shown in FIG. 1B except that the confirmation hole 20 is drilled in the fireproof tile 13. According to the present embodiment, mortar from the axial direction of the water pipe 10 is provided in each space between the fireproof tile 13 and the water pipe 10, between the fireproof tile 13 and the fin 11, and between the fireproof tile 13 and the support member 15. As the mortar is filled, the mortar is filled with the mortar, and then the mortar overflows from the confirmation hole 20 to visually check that the mortar is filled in the spaces without gaps or bubbles. I can confirm.
Alternatively, by applying mortar in advance to the outer surface of the water pipe 10, the fins 11, and the surfaces of the support members 15, and by pressing the refractory tile 13 to the mortar application surface, If it is more than that, and the remainder overflows from the confirmation hole 20, it can be visually confirmed that the mortar is filled in the spaces without gaps or bubbles. As a result, construction of the refractory tile on the outer surface of the water pipe can be reliably and inexpensively performed.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, an example in which the confirmation hole 20 is formed at a position facing the support member 15 is shown. However, the position, the number, the opening shape, and the opening size of the confirmation hole 20 are arbitrary, and the fire resistance is improved. What is necessary is just to determine suitably with the shape of the tile 13. FIG. Further, the shape of the support member 15 in this embodiment may be any of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3, and the third embodiment shown in FIG. It is not limited to the shape.
FIGS. 7 and 8 are schematic views of construction of a water tube protecting refractory according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The tile refractory tile mounting structure is provided, for example, on a water pipe wall as shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. FIG. 7 is applied to the fireproof tile 13a located at the boundary between the fireproof tile 13 and the fireproof castable 16, and the fireproof castable 16 is thus constructed above the fireproof tile construction part. In a construction site where it is difficult to slide the tile 13 from above and to be fitted, the support member 15 as described above protrudes from the fin 11 and has a recess 14 that can be engaged with the support member 15. Is inserted vertically into the construction site.
Thus, by using the refractory tile mounting structure in the present embodiment, it is not necessary to slide and engage the refractory structure even at the upper portion or in the joint portion where there is no room to slide in the other direction. The structure can be constructed easily and reliably. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, for example, a combustion air supply port of an incinerator, a measuring device installation port, a manhole which is a work entrance and a water tube such as clinker chill, and the like, and the refractory tile When it is difficult to slide the refractory tile 13 during the construction of the refractory 13, a recess 14 (not shown) provided in the refractory tile 13 manufactured according to the bent portion and the support member 15 are used as a construction site. Fit in the vertical direction. Thereby, it is possible to easily and surely construct the water pipe in a complicated shape, and it is possible to construct the refractory tile 13 on the entire surface even in a high-temperature furnace such as this embodiment. .
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, according to the present invention, an opening or a bent portion is used to engage the recessed portion provided in the refractory tile and the support member protruding from the water pipe in a fitting manner without sliding. It can be easily fixed to a water pipe having a complicated shape such as the above, and it is inexpensive and can be constructed with high workability because it does not use a fireproof sleeve.
In addition, since the support member and the refractory tile are fixed with an adhesive such as mortar, in addition to the adhesive force of the adhesive, the tip of the support member is hooked on the dried and solidified mortar, In other words, the fireproof tile and the water pipe are fixed by the strength generated when the mortar is dry-fired, and a fireproof structure that can be securely joined without being dropped even when applied to the ceiling as well as the vertical direction can be provided. .
Moreover, by making the cross-sectional shape of the support member substantially circular, it is possible to prevent occurrence of cracks in the adhesive or the refractory tile due to a difference in thermal expansion with the support member.
Further, the support member is configured to form a base portion and a tip portion via a step, or to form a base portion and a tip portion via an inclined portion, whereby the support member and the adhesive are formed. A latching effect improves and a junction part is formed more firmly.
Further, since the inner surface area of the concave portion of the refractory tile is widened, the contact area between the refractory tile and the adhesive is increased, and the effect of latching between the refractory tile and the adhesive is improved, so that the joint portion is stronger. Formed. As a result, it is possible to provide a fireproof structure that can be securely fixed without falling off even if it is applied to the ceiling as well as the vertical direction.
In addition, since a hole penetrating from the water pipe side of the refractory tile to the opposite side is provided in the refractory tile, the adhesive injected into the space between the refractory tile and the water pipe overflows from the hole, Since it can be visually confirmed that the adhesive is filled in the space without gaps or bubbles, the construction of the refractory tile can be performed reliably and inexpensively.
In addition, it can be easily applied to parts with complicated shapes such as water pipe openings and bent parts, can be applied to the entire surface of the water pipe wall, and can be reliably protected even in high-temperature atmospheres. A structure can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view (A) and a cross-sectional view A-A (B) of an engaging member of a water pipe protecting refractory according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view (A) and a side view (B) of the support member according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view (A) and a side view (B) of a support member according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view (A) and a side view (B) of a support member according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a support member according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a support member according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of construction of a water tube protecting refractory according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of construction of a water pipe protecting refractory according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a side sectional view (A), a BB sectional view (B) of a conventional water tube protecting refractory, and a sectional view (c) of another prior art water tube protecting refractory.

Claims

In order to protect water pipes arranged in boilers, etc., a fireproof structure for water pipe protection, in which a fireproof tile secured by a fireproof tile engaging member protruding from the water pipe side via an adhesive such as mortar, is provided. In the fireproof tile mounting structure at a site where it is difficult to slide and connect the fireproof tile to the engagement member by sliding the outer surface of the water pipe,
The refractory tile mounting structure located in the difficult part has a support member in which the cross-sectional area of the base portion is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the tip portion, and is larger than the tip shape of the support member and is movable in the support member contact / separation direction. A fireproof tile provided with a recessed portion having a cross-sectional shape on the fireproof tile engaging side, and the fireproof tile is pressed and fitted in the water pipe approaching direction, and joined to the engaging member via an adhesive such as mortar. A fireproof tile mounting structure for protecting water pipes.

The water pipe protecting refractory tile mounting structure according to claim 1, wherein the support member has a substantially circular cross-section with a diameter that is thicker at a tip side than a base portion.

The structure for mounting a fireproof tile for water pipe protection according to claim 1, wherein the support member forms a base portion and a tip portion through a step.

The water pipe protecting refractory tile mounting structure according to claim 1, wherein the support member forms a base portion and a distal end portion through a taper widening portion from the base portion toward the distal end side.

The groove opening cross-sectional space of the recess of the refractory tile is larger than the shape of the front end surface of the support member so that it can be loosely fitted, and the back side of the groove opening cross-sectional space in the depth direction extends toward the end. 2. The structure for mounting a fireproof tile for protecting a water pipe according to claim 1, wherein the structure is expanded.

2. The structure for mounting a fireproof tile for water pipe protection according to claim 1, wherein a hole penetrating from the water pipe side of the fireproof tile to the opposite side is provided in the recess of the fireproof tile.

Combustion air supply port, measuring device installation port, working for a stoker type incinerator with a gas residence time of about 2 seconds or more from the secondary combustion inlet and a furnace outlet temperature up to the upper limit of refractory construction is about 900-1200 ° C The fireproof tile mounting structure located on the vertical section of the furnace wall or on the ceiling, where the water pipes such as manholes and clinker chills that are intricately bent are present, or on the ceiling, has a cross-sectional area at the base. A support member having a smaller cross-sectional area, and a fireproof tile provided with a recess having a cross-sectional shape larger than the tip shape of the support member and movable in the support member contact / separation direction on the fireproof tile engaging side, A structure for protecting a water pipe, wherein the refractory tile is pressed in the water pipe approaching direction, and the engaging member is joined via an adhesive such as mortar.