JPS644820B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a centrifugal separation bowl that separates blood into blood cell components and plasma, and then further separates the plasma into polymeric substances and purified plasma. Hereinafter, the separation of blood into blood cell components and plasma will be referred to as plasma separation, the separation of polymeric substances from plasma separated from blood will be referred to as plasma purification, and the plasma from which polymeric substances have been separated will be referred to as purified plasma.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

Centrifugal separators that utilize centrifugal force have been widely used. Initially, centrifugal separators were often used to separate cellular components such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets for purposes such as component transfusions, but as plasma exchange began to be attempted for the treatment of bacterial immune diseases, plasma It has also come to be used effectively for separation.

Centrifugal separation methods include a method of extracting the necessary components from a separation layer formed in a centrifugal container;
There are two main types of methods: methods that use disposable centrifugal separation bowls to extract only the necessary components. The present invention relates to the latter centrifuge bowl.

FIG. 3 shows the configuration of a conventional centrifuge bowl. In this centrifugation bowl, blood is introduced from a central inlet port 1 through a blood introduction tube 2, and is introduced into a centrifugation chamber through an opening 3b provided in the bottom 3a of a rotary container 3 that is axially supported concentrically with the blood introduction tube 2. 4. Guided inside. Then, the blood is subjected to a predetermined centrifugal force in the centrifugation chamber 4, and is separated into blood cell components and plasma. In this way, blood is continuously sent into the centrifugation bowl, and plasma separated from blood cell components in the centrifugation chamber 4 is passed through the passage 5a at the upper part of the centrifugation chamber 4 formed concentrically with the blood introduction tube 2. The plasma is taken out to the outside of the centrifugation bowl through a plasma outlet tube 5 consisting of a double-walled outer tube communicating with the plasma and an outlet port 6. Note that reference numeral 8 is a seal ring, and 7 is a seal packing material, and these seal ring 8 and seal packing material 7 work together to perform a sealing action for blood plasma and a bearing action for the rotating body.

After the separated plasma is taken out in this manner, when the inside of the centrifugation chamber 4 is filled with blood cell components, the blood cell components flow out from the passage 5a through the plasma outlet tube 5 to the outlet port 6. At this time, this state can be detected by a detector or a timer (both not shown), and based on this, the rotation of the rotating container 3 can be stopped, and the blood cell components can be collected by another means. In this case, the plasma taken out of the centrifugation bowl can be returned by further processing as required.

To date, disposable centrifuge bowls have been widely used clinically for plasma exchange. That is, plasmapheresis is a method of purifying blood by separating blood into blood cell components and plasma, discarding the separated plasma containing high-molecular substances, and replacing it with new plasma or substitute plasma. However, this method requires a large amount of new plasma or substitute plasma, which not only increases treatment costs but also makes it extremely difficult to secure new plasma or substitute plasma, which tends to be in short supply. Therefore, it is desirable to separate harmful polymeric substances from plasma separated from blood by some means and return the purified plasma to the living body together with blood cell components.

As a method to satisfy this requirement, there is a method in which blood is separated into blood cell components and plasma by centrifugation, and high molecular substances are separated from the plasma through a filtration membrane to obtain purified plasma. It is also possible to separate blood into blood cell components and plasma by centrifugation, and then centrifuge the plasma in stages to separate polymeric substances and obtain purified plasma.

However, the above two methods have the disadvantage that they are complicated in terms of equipment or operation and are expensive.

Therefore, as a result of intensive studies to improve and improve the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, the present inventors have discovered that the blood is transferred from the blood introduction tube to the centrifugation bowl in the inner and outer centrifugation chambers. After the plasma is separated into blood cell components and plasma, the plasma is introduced into a second centrifugation chamber provided outside the first centrifugation chamber, where the plasma is separated into polymer substances and purified plasma. It has been found that plasma can be effectively separated by separating the purified plasma into two parts and then guiding the purified plasma to a purified plasma outlet tube consisting of a double outer tube formed concentrically with the blood inlet tube.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to separate plasma from blood and to separate purified plasma and harmful polymer substances from plasma by providing a centrifugation chamber inside a rotating container with a double-layered centrifugation chamber inside and outside using a partition plate. It is an object of the present invention to provide a centrifugal separation bowl that can easily and conveniently accomplish the separation of plasma and blood purification processing that returns purified plasma to the living body together with blood cell components.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve the above object, the centrifugal separation bowl according to the present invention comprises a blood inlet tube and a purified plasma outlet tube as concentric double tubes, and a rotating container is pivotally supported on the double tube concentrically, In a centrifugal separation bowl in which a centrifugal separation chamber formed inside the rotating container is connected in communication with an inner tube and an outer tube of the double tube, respectively, the centrifugal separation chamber is configured to have an inner and outer double structure with a partition plate. , the inside thereof is set as a first centrifugation chamber, and the outside thereof is set as a second centrifugation chamber, and a conduit extending in the radial direction is connected to the lower end of the blood introduction tube consisting of the inner tube of the double tube. and the open end of this conduit is located at the bottom of the first centrifugation chamber, and the first centrifugation chamber and the second centrifugation chamber communicate with each other at the top of the partition plate, and the rotating container A passageway is provided at the bottom of the second centrifugation chamber to communicate the bottom of the second centrifugation chamber with the lower end of the purified plasma outlet tube made of the double-walled outer tube.

In this case, it is preferable to coat the inner wall of the second centrifugation chamber with an adsorbent that acts specifically with a specific polymer substance to be separated from purified plasma.
It is also effective to fill the second centrifugation chamber with the adsorbent.

[Effect]

According to the centrifugal separation bowl of the present invention, in the centrifugation chamber which has a double structure of inner and outer parts with a partition plate, blood is introduced into the inner first centrifugation chamber to separate blood cell components and plasma, and then The plasma that has overflowed the top of the partition plate and flowed into the second centrifugation chamber is separated into a polymer substance and purified plasma in this second centrifugation chamber, and the obtained purified plasma is passed through the bottom of the rotating container. It can be taken out to the outside through a purified plasma outlet tube, mixed with blood cell components, and immediately returned to the blood.

In this case, the second centrifugation chamber is coated with or filled with an adsorbing substance that acts specifically with the specific polymer substance to be separated from the purified plasma. Separation from substances can be achieved more effectively.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, embodiments of the centrifugal separation bowl according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a centrifugal separation bowl according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the centrifugal separation bowl taken along the line A-A' in FIG. That is, the first
In Figures 1 and 2, the centrifuge bowl has an inner tube having an inlet port 11 forming a blood inlet tube 12 and an outlet port 19 forming a purified plasma outlet tube 18.
The rotary container 14 is comprised of a double tube consisting of an outer tube forming an outer tube, and a rotary container 14 that is axially supported concentrically with the double tube. Note that reference numeral 20 indicates a bearing. Blood is introduced from the inlet port 11, and the blood is introduced through the blood introduction tube 1.
2 into the centrifugation bowl, and through four branched conduits 13 extending radially from the lowermost end of the blood introduction tube 12, the blood enters the centrifugation chamber, which is dually configured inside and outside by a partition plate 21. It is guided to the first centrifugation chamber 15 formed inside. The rotating container 14 is rotated at a predetermined rotational speed, and the blood is separated into blood cell components and plasma in the first centrifugation chamber 15. When the blood is continuously sent to the centrifugation bowl, the plasma separated by centrifugal force overflows the upper opening 22 of the partition plate 21 from the first centrifugation chamber 15 on the inside and is sent to the second centrifugation bowl on the outside. into chamber 16. In the second centrifugation chamber 16, the introduced plasma is separated into a polymer substance and purified plasma. The separated purified plasma is introduced through the passage 17 at the bottom of the rotating container 14 into the lower end opening 18a of the purified plasma outlet tube 18, which is a double outer tube formed concentrically with the blood inlet tube 12. , furthermore, this purified plasma outlet tube 1
8 and taken out to the outside via an outlet port 19. The purified plasma taken out is mixed with separated blood cell components and returned to the living body.

As the amount of blood cell components increases inside the first centrifugation chamber 15, these blood cell components eventually flow out to the outlet port 19 via the second centrifugation chamber 16 and purified plasma outlet tube 18. When this state is reached, this is detected by an appropriate detector or timer (none of which is shown), and based on this, the rotation of the rotating container 14 is stopped, and the blood cell components are collected by another means. I can do it. This operation can be repeated several times to process the required amount of blood.

Recently, attempts have been made to separate a chilled gel by cooling plasma to around 4°C. It is possible to separate the chilled gel by cooling the inside of the .

Furthermore, by coating the inner wall of the second centrifugation chamber 16 with an adsorbent that specifically interacts with a specific polymeric substance, or by filling the second centrifugation chamber 16 with the adsorbent, It is possible and effective to effectively remove specific polymeric substances.

When blood purification was performed using the centrifugal separation bowl according to the present invention, it was confirmed that very good results were obtained in both plasma separation and plasma purification.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the scope of application of the present invention is extremely wide, and it goes without saying that various design changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, plasma separation and plasma purification can be carried out continuously and efficiently using one centrifugal bowl, and at the same time, there are significant improvements in terms of cost and operability. This point becomes even clearer when the present invention is compared with two-stage filtration plasma separation.

That is, the present invention has been described so far mainly from the perspective of plasma separation and plasma purification by centrifugation, but a two-stage filtration plasma separation (DEPP) method using a filtration membrane is a method for plasma separation and plasma purification. There is. This two-stage filtration plasma separation is
Whereas two filtration membranes are required, the centrifugal separation bowl according to the present invention requires only one use, and the difference in cost is significant. Furthermore, as a performance problem, in the second stage membrane of two-stage filtration plasma separation, that is, the plasma purification membrane, the membrane performance deteriorates due to clogging with polymeric substances, especially when the separated plasma is cooled to 4°C. In the separation of cooled gels by the sustained cooling method, the deterioration of membrane performance is extremely significant.
However, the centrifuge bowl according to the present invention does not become clogged. Furthermore, it is clear that the present invention, which uses only one centrifugal bowl, is superior in handling operability.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of a centrifugal separation bowl according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A' in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a conventional centrifugal separation bowl. It is. 11...Inlet port, 12...Blood introduction tube, 1
3... Conduit, 14... Rotating container, 15... First centrifugation chamber, 16... Second centrifugation chamber, 17... Passage, 18... Purified plasma outlet tube, 19... Outlet port, 20... ... Bearing, 21 ... Partition plate, 22 ... Opening.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. The blood inlet tube and the purified plasma outlet tube are composed of concentric double tubes, a rotating container is axially supported concentrically with the double tube, and a rotating container is formed inside the rotating container. In a centrifugal separation bowl in which a centrifugal separation chamber is connected in communication with an inner tube and an outer tube of the double tube, respectively, the centrifugal separation chamber has an inner and outer double structure with a partition plate, and the inner side is a first centrifugal chamber. A separation chamber is set, and the outside is set as a second centrifugation chamber, and a conduit extending in the radial direction is connected to the lower end of the blood introduction tube consisting of the inner tube of the double tube, and the open end of this conduit is The first centrifugation chamber is opened at the bottom of the first centrifugation chamber, and the first centrifugation chamber and the second centrifugation chamber are communicated with each other at the top of the partition plate. A centrifugal separation bowl characterized in that a passage is provided that communicates the bottom of the separation chamber with the lower end of the purified plasma outlet tube made of the outer tube of the double tube. 2. The centrifugation bowl according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the second centrifugation chamber is coated with an adsorbent that acts specifically with a specific polymeric substance to be separated from purified plasma. 3. The centrifugal separation bowl according to claim 1, wherein the second centrifugation chamber contains an adsorbent that acts specifically with a specific polymeric substance to be separated from purified plasma.