JPS641894B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS641894B2 JPS641894B2 JP7716080A JP7716080A JPS641894B2 JP S641894 B2 JPS641894 B2 JP S641894B2 JP 7716080 A JP7716080 A JP 7716080A JP 7716080 A JP7716080 A JP 7716080A JP S641894 B2 JPS641894 B2 JP S641894B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- blackened film
- blackened
- mask frame
- blackening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 11
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 101100269850 Caenorhabditis elegans mask-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/86—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
- H01J29/88—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings
Landscapes
- Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明はカラー受像管の製造方法に関し、特に
受像管内に配設されるシヤドウマスクなどの鉄製
部品の表面に効率よく黒化被膜を形成し、特性と
作業能率の向上をはかることを目的とするもので
ある。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a color picture tube, and in particular to a method for efficiently forming a blackened film on the surface of iron parts such as a shadow mask disposed inside the picture tube, thereby improving characteristics and work efficiency. The purpose is to measure.
カラー受像管は、たとえば図に示すように、シ
ヤドウマスク１がマスクフレーム２に取りつけら
れ、このマスクフレーム２の側面には前記シヤド
ウマスク１をパネル３に組みこむためのホルダー
４が取つけられている。前記パネル３内面には所
定通りけい光面５が形成され、シヤドウマスク１
の取りつけられたパネル３は内面に所定の導電膜
を塗布したフアンネル６に封着されている。前記
フアンネル６のネツク部７には電子銃８が封止さ
れ、排気やエージングなどの工程を経て製品とな
つている。なお特性の向上をはかるためインナー
シールドがマスクフレームに取着されているもの
もある。 In the color picture tube, for example, as shown in the figure, a shadow mask 1 is attached to a mask frame 2, and a holder 4 for assembling the shadow mask 1 into a panel 3 is attached to the side surface of the mask frame 2. A predetermined fluorescent surface 5 is formed on the inner surface of the panel 3, and a shadow mask 1 is formed on the inner surface of the panel 3.
The panel 3 to which is attached is sealed to a funnel 6 whose inner surface is coated with a predetermined conductive film. An electron gun 8 is sealed in the neck portion 7 of the funnel 6, and the product is manufactured through processes such as exhaust and aging. In some cases, an inner shield is attached to the mask frame in order to improve the characteristics.
このようなカラー受像管内には前記したよう
に、シヤドウマスクやマスクフレームやインナー
シールドなどの鉄製部品が配設されていて、これ
ら各部品の表面には黒化膜が形成されている。こ
の黒化膜は光線や電子線を吸収・散乱させ、また
放熱および製造工程中の熱工程において表面にさ
びが発生するのを防止する機能を有していて、こ
れらの機能をよく果たすために鉄製部品表面に普
通2μ以上の厚さに形成される必要がある。 As described above, iron parts such as a shadow mask, a mask frame, and an inner shield are disposed inside such a color picture tube, and a blackened film is formed on the surface of each of these parts. This blackened film absorbs and scatters light and electron beams, and also has the function of dissipating heat and preventing rust from forming on the surface during the thermal process during the manufacturing process. It usually needs to be formed on the surface of iron parts to a thickness of 2μ or more.
この黒化膜は前記のようなすぐれた効果を示す
ものであるが、一面次のような欠点もある。すな
わち製造工程中の熱工程での熱サイクルによつて
黒化膜の密着性が劣化し、振動があたえられると
一部剥離し、小破片が脱落したり、又金属部品と
の溶接の際に黒化膜が絶縁膜として作用するため
にスプラツシユが発生することがある。このよう
に発生した脱落黒化膜やスプラツシユはシヤドウ
マスクに附着すると孔詰りを起こしてけい光面に
おける画像特性を悪くし、また電子銃に付着して
電極間のスパークを誘発して耐電圧特性を劣化さ
せるなど、カラー受像管の品質を著しく低下させ
るものである。 Although this blackened film exhibits the above-mentioned excellent effects, it also has the following drawbacks. In other words, the adhesion of the blackened film deteriorates due to heat cycles during the heat process during the manufacturing process, and when vibrations are applied, parts of the blackened film may peel off, small pieces may fall off, or when welding with metal parts. Splash may occur because the blackened film acts as an insulating film. If the blackened film or splatter generated in this way adheres to the shadow mask, it will clog the holes and deteriorate the image characteristics on the fluorescent surface, and if it adheres to the electron gun, it will induce sparks between the electrodes and deteriorate the withstand voltage characteristics. This significantly reduces the quality of the color picture tube.
したがつてこのような不具合を起こさないため
には、黒化膜の厚さをできるだけ薄くして黒化膜
の脱落防止をはかることが望ましいが、膜厚を薄
くすると、熱工程によるさびの発生を防止するこ
とがむづかしく、発生したさびは黒化膜よりもさ
らに剥離しやすいので、膜厚を余り薄くすること
もむづかしい。 Therefore, in order to prevent such problems from occurring, it is desirable to make the thickness of the blackened film as thin as possible to prevent the blackened film from falling off. It is difficult to prevent this, and the generated rust is even easier to peel off than the blackened film, so it is also difficult to reduce the film thickness too much.
本発明はこれの点にかんがみてなされたもので
あつて、シヤドウマスクなどの管内に配設される
鉄製部品表面に効率よく黒化被膜を形成して特性
の向上をはかるカラー受像管の製造方法を提供す
るものである。すなわちあらかじめシヤドウマス
クなどの鉄製部品にニツケルめつきまたはクロー
ムめつきをほどこし、黒化処理工程を設けること
なく製造工程中の熱工程によつて部品表面に黒化
被膜を形成させることを特徴とするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of this point, and provides a method for manufacturing a color picture tube, which improves the characteristics by efficiently forming a blackened film on the surface of iron parts disposed inside the tube, such as a shadow mask. This is what we provide. That is, it is characterized by applying nickel plating or chrome plating to iron parts such as shadow masks in advance, and forming a blackened film on the surface of the part by a heat process during the manufacturing process without providing a blackening treatment process. It is.
以下本発明の実施例について説明する。 Examples of the present invention will be described below.
管内に配設される鉄製部品としてシヤドウマス
クを支持するマスクフレームを１例として述べ
る。従来はマスクフレームの表面に黒化膜を形成
するには、たとえばH2O−N2あるいはCO2−N2
などの雰囲気中にて560゜〜600℃に加熱してマス
クフレームの表面に黒化膜を形成していた。この
ような黒化膜形成工程では雰囲気中にO2が１％
以上含まれていると、雰囲気中のH2Oによる黒
化膜形成よりもO2によるさびの発生の方が優先
して良好な黒化膜が形成できなかつた。このよう
な不具合を防止するためにマスクフレームの表面
にニツケルめつきしてのち黒化処理して黒化膜を
形成することを先に発明者は提案した。この場合
は雰囲気中にO2があつてもさびとなる鉄がない
ために、O2はニツケルと反応してニツケルの酸
化物がマスクフレームの表面に先ずできることに
なり、そのうち鉄がニツケル層を拡散して表面に
あらわれるが、ニツケル−鉄の複合酸化物が形成
されることになつて、さびの発生はほとんどおこ
らない。この現象はO2の多少にかかわらずおこ
るものである。 A mask frame that supports a shadow mask will be described as an example of a steel component disposed inside a pipe. Conventionally, to form a blackened film on the surface of a mask frame, for example, H 2 O−N 2 or CO 2 −N 2 was used.
A blackened film was formed on the surface of the mask frame by heating it to 560° to 600°C in an atmosphere such as . In this process of forming a blackened film, 1 % O2 is added to the atmosphere.
If the above content was present, the formation of rust due to O 2 took precedence over the formation of a black coating due to H 2 O in the atmosphere, making it impossible to form a good black coating. In order to prevent such problems, the inventor previously proposed that the surface of the mask frame be plated with nickel and then subjected to a blackening treatment to form a blackened film. In this case, even if there is O 2 in the atmosphere, there is no iron to rust, so O 2 reacts with nickel and nickel oxide is first formed on the surface of the mask frame. Although it diffuses and appears on the surface, a nickel-iron composite oxide is formed and rust hardly occurs. This phenomenon occurs regardless of the amount of O2 .
このように形成された黒化膜は、ニツケルめつ
き層中を拡散した鉄がニツケルめつき表面上で酸
化反応して形成されるので、黒化膜の熱工程中で
の剥落も生じにくく、さびもニツケルめつきで保
護されて問題は少なく、従来の黒化膜の欠点をよ
く除去したものである。 The blackened film formed in this way is formed by an oxidation reaction of iron diffused in the nickel plating layer on the nickel plated surface, so the blackened film is less likely to peel off during the heat process. Rust is also protected by the nickel plating, so there are few problems, and the drawbacks of conventional blackening films have been successfully eliminated.
このようにして黒化膜を形成する熱工程につき
更に検討した。すなわち加熱温度を種々かえて処
理した結果を次の表に示す。 The thermal process for forming the blackened film in this way was further studied. That is, the results of processing at various heating temperatures are shown in the following table.
表
熱処理温度 表面の色
400℃ 濃青色
450℃ 黒 色
500℃ 〃
550℃ 〃
600℃ 〃
この表から分るように、450℃以上で加熱すれ
ば黒化度はほとんど同じように得られた。従来普
通の黒化処理では550℃以上に温度をあげないと
黒化できないものであるが、ニツケルめつきする
とき黒化温度の低減化がみられたので、さらに雰
囲気を従来のH2O−N2やCO2−N2などと異なり
大気中で加熱処理を行つた。その結果は前記表に
示すものとほぼ同じ状態となつた。ニツケルめつ
きをほどこせば大気中においても450℃に加熱す
れば良好な黒化膜が形成できることが分つた。 Table Heat treatment temperature Surface color 400℃ Dark blue 450℃ Black Color 500℃ 〃 550℃ 〃 600℃ 〃 As can be seen from this table, almost the same degree of blackening was obtained when heated at 450℃ or higher. In conventional blackening treatments, blackening cannot be achieved unless the temperature is raised to 550°C or higher, but since a reduction in the blackening temperature was observed during nickel plating, the atmosphere was further changed from conventional H 2 O− Unlike N 2 or CO 2 −N 2 , heat treatment was performed in the atmosphere. The results were almost the same as those shown in the table above. It was found that if nickel plating is applied, a good blackened film can be formed even in the atmosphere by heating to 450°C.
前記した製造工程中での熱処理としてのスタビ
ライズ工程は約450℃で行うものであるので、ニ
ツケルめつきしたマスクフレームは特に黒化処理
をほどこさずとも、このスタビライズ工程を通す
と、その表面に黒化膜を形成することができる。
この加熱工程で黒化できる最高のめつき厚さと、
その後の熱工程でのさび発生防止の最低のめつき
厚さとは、検討した結果ニツケルめつきが5μま
では黒化可能であり、0.5μ以上あればさび防止が
はかられることが分つた。したがつてこの範囲の
めつき層を表面に形成しておけば黒化膜が得られ
るものである。好ましくは0.5μ〜1.0μの範囲であ
る。 The stabilizing process as a heat treatment in the manufacturing process mentioned above is carried out at approximately 450°C, so even if the nickel-plated mask frame is not subjected to any particular blackening process, the stabilizing process will cause the surface to change. A blackened film can be formed.
The highest plating thickness that can be blackened through this heating process,
After examining the minimum plating thickness to prevent rust from occurring during the subsequent heat process, we found that nickel plating of up to 5μ can be blackened, and that 0.5μ or more can prevent rust. Therefore, if a plating layer in this range is formed on the surface, a blackened film can be obtained. Preferably it is in the range of 0.5μ to 1.0μ.
表面に0.7μのニツケルめつきをほどこしたマス
クフレームを所定通り管内に配設し、スタビライ
ズ工程を通すと表面に黒化膜を形成することがで
きた。この黒化膜は電子線に対する前記した機能
などをよく果たし、熱工程におけるさび発生を防
止し、膜厚も薄いので脱落やスプラツシユの発生
も少なく、かつ特別に黒化処理工程を設けること
なく黒化膜の形成ができるので省エネルギと能率
の向上に寄与できる。したがつてこれの配設され
たカラー受像管の特性が維持向上されるものであ
る。 A mask frame with 0.7μ nickel plating on the surface was placed inside the tube as specified, and a stabilization process was performed to form a blackened film on the surface. This blackened film performs the above-mentioned functions well against electron beams, prevents the formation of rust during thermal processes, and is thin, so there is little chance of shedding or splashing, and it can be blackened without the need for a special blackening process. Since a chemical film can be formed, it can contribute to energy saving and efficiency improvement. Therefore, the characteristics of the color picture tube in which this is installed can be maintained and improved.
また管内に配設されるインナーシールドについ
てみると、ニツケルめつきしたものは前記例と同
じように良好な効果を示すが、さらにクロムめつ
きしたものについて検討した。すなわちクロムめ
つき鋼板としてハイトツプ（東洋鋼板製・商品
名）を使用した。このものは鋼板を電解クロム酸
処理して表面に金属クロムとその上にクロム水和
酸化物の２層の被膜が約0.1μの厚さに形成された
ものである。 Regarding the inner shield disposed inside the pipe, a nickel-plated one showed good effects as in the previous example, but a chrome-plated one was also investigated. That is, Hitoppu (manufactured by Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd., trade name) was used as the chrome-plated steel plate. This product is made by electrolytically treating a steel plate with chromic acid to form a two-layer coating of metallic chromium on the surface and chromium hydrated oxide to a thickness of about 0.1μ.
インナーシールドはパネルがフアンネルに封着
される前にマスクフレームに取りつけられるもの
であつて、封着工程は約450℃に加熱されるので、
とりつけられたインナーシールドは封着工程後は
表面は酸化クロムに変化し、黒ずんだ黄青色の被
膜となる。この被膜は通常の鉄酸化物からなる黒
化膜とは異なるので、電子ビームの反射などにつ
いて測定した。その方法は走査型の電子顕微鏡を
用いて、試料の表面に25KVの電圧をかけ電子ビ
ームを照射し、その反射電子の電流値を測定し
た。この結果は通常の鉄素地上の黒化膜のときに
比べ同一条件で測定して反射電流値で約10％大き
かつたが、実装して評価したところ、従来の黒化
膜のものに比べほとんど変らなかつた。封着工程
後は表面に酸化クロムの被膜が形成されるので、
この被膜の脱落は全くなく、スプラツシユの発生
はきれめて少なく、またさびの発生防止にも効果
をあらわした。このようにこのハイトツプを用い
るとき、特別に黒化処理工程を設けることなく、
製造工程中の、この場合は封着工程である熱工程
によつて、いわゆる黒化被膜と同じ作用をする被
膜が表面に形成されるものである。 The inner shield is attached to the mask frame before the panel is sealed to the funnel, and the sealing process is heated to about 450℃, so
After the attached inner shield is sealed, the surface changes to chromium oxide, forming a dark yellow-blue coating. Since this film is different from a normal blackened film made of iron oxide, the reflection of electron beams was measured. The method used a scanning electron microscope to apply a voltage of 25KV to the surface of the sample, irradiate it with an electron beam, and measure the current value of the reflected electrons. This result was about 10% larger in reflected current value when measured under the same conditions compared to the case of a blackened film on a normal iron substrate, but when it was mounted and evaluated, it was compared to a conventional blackened film. There was almost no change. After the sealing process, a chromium oxide film is formed on the surface, so
This coating did not come off at all, the occurrence of splashes was extremely low, and it was also effective in preventing the occurrence of rust. When using this high top in this way, there is no need for a special blackening treatment process.
A film having the same effect as a so-called blackening film is formed on the surface by a heat process during the manufacturing process, in this case a sealing process.
このように本発明によれば、表面にニツケルめ
つき又はクロムめつきした鉄製部品をカラー受像
管内に配設してカラー受像管を製造するときに、
黒化処理工程を設けることなく製造中の熱工程に
よつて黒化被膜あるいはこれに代用できる被膜が
形成される。この被膜は従来の黒化膜よりは薄い
ものであつて、それぞれ電子ビームに対する所望
の機能を果たし、さらにシヤドウマスクの孔詰り
や耐電圧特性の低下をおこすことがきわめて少な
いので、カラー受像管の特性を向上させ、本発明
の方法は黒化処理工程を特に設けずに、カラー受
像管製造工程中の何れかの熱工程によつて黒化被
膜が形成できるので、経済的で工業的に有用な方
法である。 According to the present invention, when manufacturing a color picture tube by disposing iron parts whose surfaces are plated with nickel or chrome in the picture tube,
A blackened film or a film that can be substituted for it is formed by a thermal process during manufacturing without providing a blackening process. This film is thinner than the conventional blackening film, performs the desired function against the electron beam, and is extremely unlikely to cause clogging of the shadow mask or deterioration of withstand voltage characteristics, making it a characteristic of color picture tubes. The method of the present invention is economical and industrially useful because the blackening film can be formed by any heat process during the color picture tube manufacturing process without the need for a blackening process. It's a method.
図面はカラー受像管の一部切欠いて概略を示す
説明図である。
１……シヤドウマスク、２……マスクフレー
ム、３……パネル、４……ホルダー、５……けい
光面、６……フアンネル、８……電子銃。
The drawing is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a color picture tube with a portion cut away. 1... Shadow mask, 2... Mask frame, 3... Panel, 4... Holder, 5... Fluorescent surface, 6... Funnel, 8... Electron gun.
Claims (1)
しマスクフレームにホルダーを取りつける工程
と、マスクフレームに固定された前記シヤドウマ
スクをホルダーを介してパネルに組みこむ工程
と、前記パネル内面に所定のけい光面を形成して
のちパネルとフアンネルとを封着する工程と、前
記フアンネルのネツク部に電子銃を封止し、排
気、エージングする工程を具備し、管内に配設さ
れる前記シヤドウマスク等の鉄製部品があらかじ
めニツケルめつきまたはクロムめつきされ、前記
製造工程中の熱工程において部品表面に黒化被膜
が形成されることを特徴とするカラー受像管の製
造方法。1 A step of welding and fixing a shadow mask to a mask frame and attaching a holder to the mask frame, a step of assembling the shadow mask fixed to the mask frame into a panel via the holder, and forming a predetermined fluorescent surface on the inner surface of the panel. The process includes a process of sealing the panel and the funnel, and a process of sealing an electron gun in the neck part of the funnel, exhausting it, and aging it. A method for manufacturing a color picture tube, characterized in that the component is plated or chrome plated, and a blackened film is formed on the surface of the component in a heat step during the manufacturing process.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7716080A JPS575239A (en) | 1980-06-10 | 1980-06-10 | Manufacture of color picture tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7716080A JPS575239A (en) | 1980-06-10 | 1980-06-10 | Manufacture of color picture tube |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS575239A JPS575239A (en) | 1982-01-12 |
| JPS641894B2 true JPS641894B2 (en) | 1989-01-13 |
Family
ID=13626033
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7716080A Granted JPS575239A (en) | 1980-06-10 | 1980-06-10 | Manufacture of color picture tube |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS575239A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2762328B2 (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1998-06-04 | 東洋鋼鈑株式会社 | Material for inner shield and its manufacturing method |
-
1980
- 1980-06-10 JP JP7716080A patent/JPS575239A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS575239A (en) | 1982-01-12 |
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