JPS6363328B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention is a machine for precisely machining the tooth surface of a workpiece with teeth, which is rotatable but supported on a machine bed so as not to change its position. a rotatably driven gear-like tool disposed substantially above the workpiece and meshed with the workpiece; a vertical carriage movable up and down; a vertical carriage disposed on the vertical carriage and adjustable in rotation about a vertical axis to adjust the axis intersection angle between the tool and the workpiece; at two right angles to the receiving tool bed and to the perpendicular axis that is substantially tangent to the pitch circle of the tool and common to the tool and the workpiece;
Moreover, the present invention relates to a device having a device for relatively rotating the axis of the workpiece and the axis of the tool about a horizontal axis that is also perpendicular to the axis of the tool.

For example, according to the device disclosed in West German Patent Application No. 1208152, it is already possible to swivel a worktable on which a workpiece is attached about a horizontal axis in order to crown the tooth flank of the workpiece. It is publicly known. In order to swivel the worktable, particularly when the weight of the workpiece is large, a considerably large force is required, and swiveling of the worktable has an adverse effect on the machining accuracy. In addition, in this case, since the mechanism for rotating the work table is located below the processing area (where the tool processes the gear), there is a risk that chips may enter the guide surface of the mechanism and cause the guide surface to wear out prematurely. There is.

The object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the known devices of the type mentioned at the outset, in order to avoid the disadvantages of the known devices of the type mentioned at the outset. The relative movement is imparted by moving the tool side, and all the guide surfaces necessary for this are arranged above the workpiece to avoid premature wear of said guide surfaces and to ensure precision machining. The goal is to ensure that it is achieved.

This problem can be solved according to the first aspect of the present invention as set forth in claim 1, in a machine of the type mentioned at the beginning for precisely machining the tooth surface of a toothed workpiece. An intermediate member is disposed between the vertical carriage and the tool bed, in which the tool bed is received in a circular guide for rotation adjustment about the vertical axis; The solution is that the intermediate part is rotatably adjustable about the horizontal axis with a circular guide provided.

With this configuration, for all machining purposes including crowning machining, the relative motion that is required between the workpiece and the tool can be given from the tool side, and the workpiece to which the workpiece is attached can be Since there is no need to move the table, precision machining can be performed. Furthermore, since all the guides necessary to provide the relative motion are located above the processing area, the guide surfaces are prevented from being prematurely worn away by chips.

In the machine according to the first aspect of the present invention as set forth in claim 1, the tool can only be fed in the vertical direction, so that only plunge cutting can be performed.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem in a machine capable of performing underpass machining, diagonal machining, and conventional machining in addition to plunge cut machining, the second aspect of the present invention as set forth in claim 4 is provided. , in a machine of the type mentioned at the outset for precision machining of tooth flanks of toothed workpieces, the column being fixedly connected to the machine bed has a height-adjustable and therefore drivable and An adjusting carriage is provided on a lower surface of the vertical carriage, which is fixedly arranged in an adjusted position, for adjusting an axis intersection angle between the workpiece and the tool and a feeding direction of the tool, and the adjusting carriage is centered about the vertical axis. The adjustable carriage receives the tool bed with its axis perpendicular in a circular guide provided on its underside and is rotatable and driveable for this purpose. said tool is supported on said adjusting carriage, said tool bed is adjustable and fixable in an adjusted position relative to said adjusting carriage for intersecting axes of said workpiece and said tool; The platform is selectable and adjustable to tilt the tool axis relative to the workpiece axis about the horizontal axis and to be located in a plane parallel to the horizontal axis and the tool axis. The present invention is characterized in that it also enables the tool to reciprocate in different directions. With this arrangement, in addition to achieving the advantages achieved with the invention as claimed in claim 1, the adjustable carriage reciprocates the tool in a selectable and adjustable direction. In order to make this possible, in addition to plunge cut processing, underpass processing, diagonal processing, and conventional processing can be selectively performed.

Furthermore, in order to enable the machine described in claim 4 to perform not only tooth surface crowning processing but also tooth tip surface crowning processing, the machine described in claim 4 must be used. , it can be configured as described in claim 6. With this configuration, the mechanism for moving the tool relative to the workpiece in order to crown the tooth tip surface can also be
It will be located above the processing area.

The invention will now be explained with reference to the drawings: At one end of the machine bed 1 there is a vertical column 2.
is rigidly mounted. This column 2 is provided with a vertical carriage 4 which is height-adjustable and can be driven for this purpose via a vertical linear guide 3 directed towards the free end of the machine bed 1, which at least partially covers the free end thereof. possible guidance. For this purpose, a step motor 5 is arranged in the column 2. This step motor 5 has a spur gear transmission 6,
7 drives a screw spindle 8. This threaded spindle 8 acts on a spindle nut 9 which is fixedly connected to the vertical carriage 4. A circular guide 46 is provided below the vertical carriage 4, to which an intermediate member 45 is arranged along a vertical axis 12 tangent to the pitch circle of the tool 14 and common to the tool 14 and the workpiece 20. It is rotatably received about a horizontal axis 43 which is perpendicular to the workpiece 20 and also perpendicular to the axis 42 of the workpiece 20. A tool head 13 is received on the underside of the intermediate part 45 and is rotatable about a vertical axis 12 via a circular guide 11 . A tool 14 is rotatably supported on the tool head 13. Tool 14
Even if it is a plunge cut shaving tool,
It may be a rolling tool or a tool suitable for other finishing operations that performs only the depth feed 22. The tool 14 projects from below the tool head 13.

Above the machine bed 1, two tailstocks 16, 17 are arranged longitudinally movably on a horizontal guide 15 as workpiece tensioning devices. The equipment necessary for this is not shown since it is known. The tailstocks 16, 17 are likewise equipped with tailstocks 18, 19 for automatically tensioning the workpiece 20 by means known and not shown. long workpiece,
For example, in order to be able to receive shaft-shaped workpieces, the tailstock 16 arranged laterally in the column 2 can also be moved into a recess 21 in the column.

To machine workpiece 20, tool 14 is brought toward workpiece 20 in the direction of arrow 22 and engaged therewith. The devices provided for this purpose, such as the step motor 5 and the vertical carriage 4, are as already described. A drive motor 25 is attached to the column 2 to rotate the tool 14. This drive motor 25 is a belt transmission device 2
6, a constant velocity cardan shaft 27, and a spur tooth transmission 28, 29 arranged in the tool holder 13 to the tool 1.
Drive 4. As drive motor 25 an electric motor or an adjustable hydro motor can be used. Belt transmission 26 can be omitted under certain circumstances. An opening 30 is provided for guiding the cardan shaft 27 through the column 2.

A modified embodiment of the machine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. Machine bet 31
A vertical column 32 is rigidly attached to one end of the vertical side. This column 32 is
It has an overhang 33 which covers the machine bed 31 in the area of the column 32. A linear guide 34 directed toward the free end of the machine bed 31 is arranged on this bulge 33 . In this linear guide 34 the vertical carriage 4 is guided as already described. The drive device of the vertical carriage 4, the intermediate member 45, and the tool head 1
3 and the drive of the tool 14 correspond to that shown in FIG. The arrangement of the column 32 next to the machine bed 31 makes it possible to process very long workpieces 35, since the entire length of the machine bed 31 can be used to guide the tailstocks 16, 17. However, in this case automatic loading and unloading of workpieces 35 is only possible from the free longitudinal sides of machine bed 31.

For shearing or machining bevel teeth, the axis 41 of the tool 14 and the axis 42 of the workpiece 20 intersect (FIG. 5). The intersection angle is γ
is shown. In order to crown the tooth surface of the workpiece, the tool 14 is mounted on the horizontal axis 43 (Fig. 2,
It is necessary to rotate around the center (Fig. 4). This horizontal axis 43 is located at the engagement portion between the workpiece 20 and the tool 14, and is perpendicular to the common perpendicular line 12 between the tool 14 and the workpiece 20 and the axis 42 of the workpiece 20. In order to pivot the tool 14 about the horizontal axis 43, a spindle 47 is provided, into which a crank or the like (not shown) can be inserted; a worm is attached to the spindle 47, and this The worms mesh with corresponding worm sector gears provided on intermediate member 45. The worm and worm sector gear are not shown because they are known members. Also not shown are the means provided for fixing the intermediate member 45 in the adjusted position.

As already mentioned, the tool head 13 is attached to the intermediate member 4.
5 is rotated about a vertical axis 12 in a circular guide 11 on the lower side of the 5, so that the axis crossing angle γ
(Fig. 5) is adjusted. The position in the horizontal plane where the axis 41 of the tool 14 is inclined with respect to the motor axis 24 by the same angle as the cross-axis angle γ is determined by the different dimensions of the workpiece and the vertical movement of the tool during the machining cycle. It is covered by a cardan shaft 27 with different height positions relative to the motor axis 24.

The tool head 13 is connected to the circular guide 11 of the intermediate member 45.
In order to avoid locking, the circular guide 11 is provided with a rolling bearing 50 preloaded by a spring 56, as shown in FIG. The outer race of the rolling bearing 50 is held on the intermediate member 45 by a retaining ring 51 . The inner race is received in a retaining ring 52. A centering ring 54 receives the tool head 13 in this holding ring 52 through a centering hole 53 . The retaining ring 52 has a notch 55 concentric with the centering hole 53 . A spring 56 is supported in the notch 55 in the axial direction. spring 56
The other end is supported by a spring plate 57.
The pin 58 passes through the spring 56 and the retaining ring 52 and has a female threaded hole. A screw 60 for fixing the centering ring 54 is screwed into this female threaded hole. The spring 56 is preloaded by this screw 60. In order to ensure that the tool head 13 rests with its upper plane 62 on the lower plane 63 of the intermediate member 45 and that there is no axial play in the rolling bearing 50, the preload of the spring 56 must be adjusted between the tool head 13 and the tool head. 14 and the downwardly directed force produced by the weight of the cardan shaft 27. Intermediate member 45
A screw 65 is arranged in the ring groove 64,
This screw 65 cooperates with a nut 66 and a disk 67 and serves to fix the tool head 13 at an adjusted cross-axis angle γ.

It is a step to bring the tool 13 closer to the workpiece 20 in order to reduce the axial distance of the tool 13 with respect to the workpiece 20 or to move the tool 13 away from the workpiece 20 in order to disengage the engagement between the workpiece 20 and the tool 14. The vertical carriage 4 is raised and lowered by a motor 5. The fact that the step motor 5 can be switched to different speeds, together with the spur gear transmissions 6, 7 and the low-friction linear guides 3, 34, provides a finely adjustable approach feed and a rapid return of the tool 14. enable. Control elements for this purpose or for automatic working cycles are known and will not be described further here. In order to hold the vertical carriage 4 in a given position, devices which are also known and not shown are provided, for example a hydraulic clamping device.

The linear guides 3, 34 are used for the stationary workpiece 20,
Based on the fact that the tool 14 is placed above the tool 35, it is located almost above the processing area, so
At least the linear guide section used during the working cycle is prevented from accumulating chips and causing wear of the linear guide. Similarly, the circular guide 11 for the tool head 13 and the circular guide 46 for the intermediate member 45 are also located above the machining area, so that these circular guides 11 and 46 are not worn away by chips. .

7 and 8, a machine is shown which is capable of performing all known gear shaving processes: plunge cut shaving, underpass shaving, diagonal shaving and conventional shaving. There is. The structure of the machine substantially corresponds to the structure described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2. In this embodiment, the tool head 13 is centered about a vertical axis 12 on an adjustment carriage 70 that provides feed motion to the tool 14 to perform diagonal, underpass, and conventional shearing. It is supported in a rotationally adjustable manner. This adjustment carriage 7
0 consists of three parts movably arranged relative to each other. That is, these three parts are the rotating plate 71, the guide holder 72, and the feed carriage 73 (FIG. 9). Feed carriage 73 of adjustment carriage 70
Regarding the tool head 13, which is mounted rotatably and adjustable about an axis 12 perpendicular to the circular guide 11 (see FIG. 7), in the description of FIG. What I said above applies. The pivot plate 71 is received in the vertical shuttle 4 in a circular guide 74 (FIG. 9). This makes it possible to arbitrarily adjust the tool feed direction required for diagonal shaving, conventional shaving, or underpass shaving. These feeding directions are indicated by symbols 75, 75', and 7 in FIG.
5''. A guide holder 72 is suspended from the pivot plate 71 via a pin 76 so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis 77. Guide holder 72
is a horizontal guide 78 with preload applied to the lower side.
A feed carriage 73 is received via the feed carriage 73. Since the preloaded horizontal guide 78 is a known combination of rolling and sliding guide, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. Horizontal guide 78 is oriented at right angles to axis 77. This horizontal guide 78 also allows the tool 14 to move toward the workpiece 20.
Due to the fact that it is located above the chip, it is located at a height that is approximately outside the area of the chips. The pivot plate 74 is also located above the swarf area so that it is not worn away by the swarf.

The circular guide 74 of the pivot plate 71 of the adjusting carriage 70 is constructed on the same principle as the circular guide 11. Therefore, the configuration shown in FIG.
This also applies to Of course, in this case, the downwardly directed gravitational force is large, so the preload on the spring 56 is also large.

In order to produce the feed movements 75, 75', 75'' (FIG. 5), a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 80 (FIG. 10) is provided on the guide holder 72. A piston rod 81 is connected to a feed carriage 73.A cylinder chamber 82 or 8
3 is filled with pressure oil, the piston 84 is moved to the left or right.
The feed carriage 73 follows this piston movement.
In this way it is possible to reciprocate the tool 14, for example a shaving tool, over the entire width of the workpiece.

When machining the tool 14 in the feed movement directions 75, 75', 75'', the adjusting carriage 7 is used to crown the tooth tip of the workpiece 20.
A simple device is attached to the 0 (see Figures 9 and 10). The feed carriage 73 has an upwardly directed arm 86 at one end;
A strip-shaped guide member 87 is attached to the free end of 6 . The guide member 87 is pivotable about a horizontal axis 88 parallel to the horizontal axis 77 and can be fixed to the arm 86 (FIG. 9). The rotating plate 71 has an overhanging portion 89, and the overhanging portion 89
A guide slide 90 is rotatably attached to the free end of the guide slide 90 . The guide slider 90 has a guide member 87
is being guided. When guide member 87 is linear, horizontally adjusted and tightened as shown in FIG. 10, feed carriage 73 performs a normal linear reciprocating motion. On the other hand, when the guide member 87 is adjusted clockwise by an arbitrarily selectable angle β as shown in FIG. 11, the following occurs. That is, when the feed carriage 73 moves to the left, the guide member 87 is guided by the guide slide 90, so that the arm 86 is lifted and simultaneously pivoted to the left. The feed carriage 73 moves along with the guide holder 72 on the rotating plate 71.
Based on the fact that the feed carriage 7
3 and thus also the guide holder 72 performs a pivoting movement 94 in the counterclockwise direction. When the feed carriage 73 moves to the right, the arm 86 is lowered and the feed carriage 73 moves to the right.
and the guide holder 72 is pivoted clockwise. The pivoting movement of the feed carriage causes the tool 14 to be tilted relative to the workpiece. This tilt angle α (FIG. 12) can be varied by changing the angle β at which the guide member 87 is tilted.

In most workpieces with crowned teeth, the plane of rotation 91 of the tool 14 is oriented toward the axis 42 of the workpiece 20. Particularly in the case of workpieces with small diameters or wide workpieces, the normal crowning is
7 is not achieved. In such a case, a curved guide member 92 (FIG. 9) from the center towards the opposite side is advantageous. This guide member 92 provides a greater tilt angle α at the end of the reciprocating movement. Such a guide element 92 or a similarly curved guide element 93 will give the crowning a special shape. One embodiment of this is shown in FIG. This 13th
A corresponding guide member 93 is also shown in the figure.
By using suitable guide elements, it is also possible to machine teeth that are crowned only on one side or conical teeth.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show a plurality of embodiments of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 shows the first embodiment of the machine of the invention, and Fig. 2 shows the machine of Fig. 1 viewed from the direction of the arrow. 3 is a front view of the second embodiment of the machine of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a side view of the machine of FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the circular guide for the tool head, FIG. 7 is a front view of the third embodiment of the machine of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a view showing the machine of FIG. 7 in the direction of the arrow. 9 is an enlarged view of the adjusting carriage of the machine shown in Fig. 7, and Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the adjusting carriage of Fig. 9.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the feed carriage of the adjustment carriage in various positions, Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the tool and the workpiece when performing ordinary crowning processing, and Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the tool and the workpiece when performing ordinary crowning processing. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between a tool and a workpiece when performing a crowning process of a different shape, and a guide member used for the crowning process. 1... Mechanical bed, 2... Column, 3... Straight guide,
4... Vertical carriage, 5... Step motor, 6, 7...
Spur gear rolling device, 8... Threaded spindle, 11... Circular guide, 12... Vertical axis, 13... Tool head,
14... Tool, 15... Horizontal guide, 16, 17... Tailstock, 18, 19... Tailstock, 20... Workpiece, 2
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Notch, 22... Depth feed, 24... Axis of drive motor, 25... Drive motor, 26... Belt transmission, 27... Constant velocity cardan shaft, 28, 29... Spur gear transmission, 30... Opening, 31 ...Machine bet, 32
...Column, 33...Overhang, 34...Linear guide, 35
... Workpiece, 41 ... Tool axis, 42 ... Workpiece axis, 43 ... Horizontal axis, 45 ... Intermediate member, 46 ... Circular guide, 47 ... Spindle, 50 ... Rolling bearing,
51... Retaining ring, 52... Retaining ring, 53... Centering hole, 54... Centering ring, 55... Notch, 56...
Spring, 57... Spring plate, 58... Pin, 59... Hole, 6
0...screw, 62...plane, 63...plane, 64...ring groove, 65...screw, 66...nut, 67...disk,
70...Adjustment carriage, 71...Swivel plate, 72...Guide holding body, 73...Feed carriage, 74...Circular guide, 7
5, 75', 75''... feed movement direction, 76... pin,
77...Horizontal axis line, 78...Horizontal guide, 80...Cylinder, 81...Piston rod, 82, 83...Cylinder chamber, 84...Piston, 86...Arm, 87...Guiding member, 88...Horizontal axis line, 89...Overhanging part, 90... Guide slider, 92, 93... Guide member.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A machine for precisely machining the tooth surface of a workpiece 20 with teeth, which is rotatable but supported on the machine bed 1 so as not to change its position. A gear-shaped tool 14 that can be rotated and is disposed substantially above the workpiece 20 and meshed with the workpiece 20, and a machine for changing the axial distance between the tool 14 and the workpiece 20. a vertical carriage 4 that can run up and down along the column 2; a tool head 13 which is rotatably adjustable around its center and which receives said tool 14;
the vertical axis 12 common to and the workpiece 20;
at right angles to the axis 4 of the workpiece 20
and a device for relatively rotating the axis 42 of the workpiece 20 and the axis 41 of the tool 14 about a horizontal axis 43 that is also perpendicular to the vertical carriage. 4 and the tool head 13, an intermediate member 45 is disposed between the tool head 13,
The tool head 13 is received in a circular guide 11 so as to be rotatably adjustable about the vertical axis 12 in this intermediate member 45, and a circular guide 46 provided on the vertical carriage 4 allows the tool head 13 to be adjusted in rotation about the vertical axis 12. A machine for precisely machining the surface of a toothed workpiece, characterized in that it is adjustable in rotation around a horizontal axis 43. 2. A motor 25 for driving the tool 14 is fixedly arranged on the column 2 or its extension 33, and the transmission of the driving force to the tool 14 changing position takes place at least partially via the cardan shaft 27. A machine according to claim 1, wherein the machine comprises: 3. The circular guide 11, which receives the prong 13 into the tool, is loaded with an upwardly directed spring force, which spring force is applied to the component held under the circular guide 11, which is held by the circular guide 11. 13,1
4. The machine according to claim 1, wherein the machine has a weight larger than that of the machine according to claim 1. 4. A machine for precisely machining the tooth surface of a workpiece 20 with teeth, which is rotatable but supported on the machine bed 1 so as not to change its position, approximately on the upper side of the workpiece 20. A gear-shaped tool 14 which can be driven in rotation and is disposed in and meshed with the workpiece 20, and a gear-shaped tool 14 that can be driven in rotation up and down along the machine column 2 in order to change the axial spacing between the tool 14 and the workpiece 20. a vertical carriage 4 that is movable along the vertical carriage 4; and is substantially tangent to the pitch circle of the tool 14 with the tool head 13 that receives the tool 14;
the vertical axis 12 common to and the workpiece 20;
at right angles to the axis 4 of the workpiece 20
2, the machine bed 1 and The workpiece 20 and the tool 14 are mounted on the underside of the vertical carriage 4, which is arranged height-adjustably and therefore drivable and fixedly fixed in the adjusted position on the column 2, which is fixedly connected to the column 2. An adjusting carriage 70 for adjusting the axis intersection angle of The screw 13 is received in the tool with its axis 12 perpendicular to the tool.
3 in which the tool 14 is rotatably and therefore drivably mounted;
is the axis 42 of the workpiece 20 and the tool 14,
41 is adjustable and fixable in an adjusted position relative to the adjusting carriage 70 to intersect the axis 41 of the tool 14 with the axis 42 of the workpiece 20. Tilting about the horizontal axis 77 also causes the tool 14 to reciprocate in a selectable and adjustable direction lying in a plane parallel to the horizontal axis 77 and the axis 41 of the tool 14. A machine for precisely machining the tooth surface of a workpiece with teeth. 5. The adjustment carriage 70 has approximately three parts, namely: (a) a pivot plate 71 held on the vertical carriage 4 so as to be pivotable by a circular guide 74 and fixable in the pivoted position; ) a guide holder 72 suspended from the pivot plate 71 so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis 77; , a feed carriage 73 for receiving the tool head 13; and a feed carriage 73 for receiving the tool head 13. 6. A strip-shaped guide member 87 is arranged on the feed carriage 73 and whose inclination relative to the feed carriage 73 can be adjusted about a horizontal axis 88 and which can be fixed in the adjusted position. member 87
6. The machine according to claim 5, wherein the rotating plate 71 is guided by a guide slide 90 which is freely rotatably arranged on the pivot plate 71. 7. Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the guide members (92, 93) have a non-linear contour in relation to the crowning that they are intended to impart to the teeth of the workpiece (20).