JPS63502793A - Permanent magnet field type synchronous machine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Permanent magnet field type synchronous machine Conventional technology The present invention is directed to an automobile, for example, having the configuration described in the generic concept described in claim 1. Regarding the installed permanent magnet field type synchronous machine.

Synchronous machines have been installed in automobiles as power generators [-f, that is, three-phase alternating current generators] for many years. It has been used. A compact car with a large cabin space is required. In order to No. Additionally, these additional devices are highly wear resistant and require little maintenance. It has to be something.

Permanent magnet field type synchronous machines are small and have no rotating parts for power supply, so they are suitable for use in automobiles. Effects of the invention suitable for mounting Compared to prior art synchronous machines, the synchronous machine can be It has the advantage that it can be used even if it is derived from a child winding. synchronous machine is a con sect, which has great abrasion resistance and has a variety of uses. Therefore, there is little It can be produced in large quantities at low cost.

Splitting the polyphase armature winding according to the invention into two partial windings per winding spar Due to the use of synchronous machine as photoelectric in 12v-automotive equipment, this synchronous One starter that reduces the voltage by half when the engine is used as a drive motor In order to ensure reliable starting, the photoelectric power At a rotation speed of 50 Or, l), m, higher than the voltage of the vehicle battery (12V) This is because a high charging voltage (approximately 14V) must be output. additionally partial winding The wire enables electromagnetic freewheeling when operating the motor of a synchronous machine. Therefore, the e-war electronics required for motor operation do not require any protection circuits. The configuration described in the embodiment section requires no or low cost protection circuits. , an advantageous embodiment of the synchronous machine according to claim 1 is possible.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 2. listed here The configuration of the armature winding allows the symmetrical polyphase winding to be divided into two partial windings per digit. It is divided into wires, and the partial windings corresponding to one phase can be closely electromagnetically coupled at the same time. It can be easily achieved. In this case, the armature winding is configured as a single layer @ wire or a double layer winding. It can also be configured as a lap or wave wrap. electromagnetic coupling can also be obtained by a soft iron pole piece of a rotary excitation magnet as described in claim 9. .

A further advantageous embodiment is specified in claim 3. This is the end of the winding. The synchronous machine can be used as a generator in a car by connecting it to Wear.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 4. winding end By connecting as in this example, the synchronous machine in motor operation can be automatically It can be operated as a drive motor, which is directly connected to the car's DC voltage distribution line.

A switch corresponding to each winding is used to select the appropriate modulation method, e.g. ξ pulse width modulation. Control.

A further advantageous embodiment is specified in claim 5. The structure described here By configuring a synchronous machine with It can also be used as a drive motor for a wheel starter. fly An additional drive motor for the wheel starter can be omitted, saving space and cost. becomes smaller. In the case of generators, voltage adjustment of electronic switches necessary for motor operation In this case the electronic switch can be used in a parallel control system (Querre constitutes an operating section of a voltage regulator that operates according to the generator luck This is how much power electronics is required for motor and motor operation. This is a significantly lower figure of 2. For example, for a changeover switch configured as a contactor. The cost to do so is also significantly lower.

A further advantageous embodiment is provided in claim 6. Claim No. 6 The difference between the embodiment described in claim 5 and the embodiment described in claim 5 is that the changeover switch (In this embodiment, there are six switches, and the cost is In the embodiment described in section 5 there are three switches) instead of the voltage controlled generator. Even when operating as a machine, power loss is small (the reason is that the controllable electronic switch If the switch is configured as described above, all the Instead of the winding being short-circuited, only one partial winding of the winding is short-circuited each time This is true.

drawing Next, the present invention will be explained in detail based on examples using figures.

FIG. 1 shows a synchronous machine with permanent magnet pole wheels and two-phase symmetrical armature windings.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view showing the configuration of one embodiment of the armature winding shown in FIG. It is. Figures 3 and 3 show the selective generator operation shown in Figure 1. A circuit diagram showing a first embodiment and a second embodiment of a synchronous machine that operates with motor operation. be.

Example In FIG. 1, a four-pole structure with permanent magnet poles 42 having soft iron pole pieces 41 is shown. A magnetic pole wheel (rotor) 10 is shown. The magnetic pole 42 of this permanent magnet is , while rotating in the armature 12 forming the stator. As a stratified core 14 armature windings are inserted into the grooves (slots) 13 on the surface of the armature 12. ;Insert. This electric machine 1,000 windings 1!14 extend uniformly all around the armature. ing. The armature winding 14 has a symmetrical shape 2.15.16Y. Phase winding - formed as a wire has been done. As usual, by the winding start end beam of phase winding 15 or 16 or ■ The winding ends are shown as X or Y. The winding ends as shown are is V, YLz or y+.

It is indicated by Y.

In FIG. 2, as an example of the armature winding 14, three windings around the armature core are shown. Inserted into two m (slots) (indicated by 1-32 in Figure 2) The configuration of a two-phase single-layer winding is shown. It has a winding start end U and a winding end X The phase winding 15 is shown more clearly in this case by a thick line. 1st layer The two-phase winding is constructed as a lap winding with Φ grooves (slots) for each pole and every q digits. Each phase winding 15 or 16 consists of 247,742 turns (2 turns). Ru. The configuration of this double wire in each groove is shown in Figure 2 by bifilar winding. The two partial windings 151, 152 or 1 of each phase winding are connected to each other in a joint. 61.162 is configured. One of these partial windings in Figure 3 shows the rotation of the synchronous machine. A route map is shown.

Winding of one partial winding 151 or 161 in each phase winding 15 or 16 The terminal end X1 or Yl and the winding start end of the other partial winding 152 or 162 are mutually It is connected. Each phase winding 15 or 160 winding ends and the rest forming the winding ends The free winding ends U and X or ■ and Y are connected to two power diodes 17'l - connected to the input side of the full-wave rectifier 17 or 18 consisting of 174 or 181-184. It is continued. The same output potential of the two full-wave rectifiers 17.18 is connected to each The connecting wire for one connecting terminal 19 is connected to terminals 19 and 20, and A first switch 21 of the changeover switch 24, which is designed as a contactor, is provided. It is being The changeover switch 24 is activated at the same time as the switch 21, but always , with two further switches 22, 23 having opposite switching positions with respect to switch 21. It is growing. Simultaneous actuation of switches 21-23 causes switches 21-23 to interlock. Indicated by the actuating rod.

If switch 21 is closed - then switches 22 and 23 are open In this case, the aforementioned synchronous machine can be operated as a motor. magnetic pole wheel 10 When driving, the positive potential of the generator's direct current is applied to the connection terminal 19, and the connection terminal A negative potential is applied to 20.

In addition, the starting end U or V of the -10,000 partial winding 151f or 161 and the other winding [15 2! or 162 terminals X or Y respectively via controllable electronic switches. and is connected to the connection terminal 20. Controllable electronic switch) It is configured as stars 25-28. /e power transistors 25 to 28 are When the generator operates as a generator, the storage connected to connection terminals 19 and 20 When a battery reaches a given charging voltage value, i.e. in the case of a car, Transistors 25 to 28 are controlled to be conductive, and phase windings 15 and 16 are shorted. This way Such control is called "parallel control."

If the second switch 22.23 is closed - then switch 21 is open. - If DC voltage is applied to the connection terminals 19.20, the synchronous machine Operates as a motor. , e2 transistors 25 to 28 are 90° in one period. Electrically offset from each other by K, the required torque is obtained for the corresponding partial windings. The current is controlled so that enough current flows to Sequentially within one cycle / power transistor 2δ, then ξ2 transistor 2f, then power Transistor 26 and then nozzle transistor 28 are controlled. For example, at the beginning 1. Magnetic pole wheel (rotor), 1 of 10. 1181st place f must be taken into consideration. The amount of torque that can be achieved also depends on the rotor position. It is controlled by the phase angle between the current-carrying part winding and the current-carrying part winding.・Niwort The transistors 173, 174 and 183,184 are connected to the nozzle transistor 25. Used as a protection diode for ~28.

/e quadiodes 171.172 and 181.182 have no effect.゛Automatic When the S-telephone installed in the car is connected to the connection terminals 19 and 20 of the synchronous machine, Can be used as a generator or as an off motor for one flywheel starter It is only necessary to operate the transfer switch 24 to operate the synchronous machine. Shown in Figure 3. In the selector switch position, the synchronous machine operates as a generator. Mo The starter switches the transfer switch to another position to start the starter. this In this way, the synchronous machine operates as a motor, and the ξ power transistors 25 to 28 are By controlling the flywheel starter accordingly to start the internal combustion engine. Reach a rpm that is sufficient for starting.

The circuit diagram of the synchronous machine shown in FIG. 4 is different from the circuit diagram of FIG. 51,152,161゜162(7) Volume [IU, X, U, X, V, Y, V, Y) connection is modified and also indicated by 30 The difference is that the configuration of the changeover switch is different. Components shown in Figure 3 Components that are the same as are designated by the same numbers.

One part of the phase in the middle! 151 or 161 winding 1゛620 winding start end U 1 or vl is the first switch 31 or 3 of the item 30 connected to each other. 2 is provided, and the above-mentioned winding start end or winding end of 2 is provided with a nosowart, respectively. b/ connected to the connection terminal 2o through one of the registers 25 to 28. E power transistors 25 to 28 each have 1? Protection die, O r37~40 are connected in parallel. A winding starting end U or V of the partial phase winding 15 or 16, The winding end X or Y and the winding end 6-1 and 162 are the same as in the case of Fig. 3. 12, are connected to the input sides of the two full-wave rectifiers 17.1 to 8, and additional and second switches 33. and 33. respectively. ．． Connect to connection terminal 19 through 34°35.3el It is continued.

Switches 31 and 32 have switching positions opposite to those of the second switches 33 to 36. Toru.

In the position of the changeover switch 30 shown in FIG. 4, the synchronous machine operates as a generator. Operate. Power transistors 25 to 28 are also adjustment parts of a charging voltage regulator. Ru. The changeover switch 3o is switched to another position and the first switch 31,32 is opened. When the second switch 33 to 36 closes, this synchronous machine connects to the positive Q potential. When a negative potential is applied to the connecting terminal 19 and is applied to the connecting terminal 20, 83.184 acts. do not have.

The advantage of the circuit shown in Figure 4 is that the power loss in the generator is small. Therefore, in charge voltage regulation, only one partial winding of both phase windings is always short-circuited. This is because it will be done. However, the cost for the changeover switch 30 is relatively large. Hey, this is because there are a total of 6 individual switches in this selector switch 3o. Because it has to be.

The present invention provides a permanent magnet that can be selectively switched between generator operation and motor operation. The present invention is not limited to synchronous machines excited by stones. In other words, the synchronous machine is a generator. It can also be used as a motor or as a motor only, with features for both use cases. The advantages of the configuration of the mechanical and electrical parts are retained and only the appearance of the partial phase windings is modified. Ru. . Of course, the changeover switch is omitted and the fixed switch is replaced with an inkstone instead of an individual switch. It must be. In the case of a motor, there is a rectifier, and this rectifier is a transistor. In the case of a generator, it is omitted unless it fulfills a protective function. Omitted unconditionally.

The electric machine of the synchronous machine, the child winding is advantageously 3. It is configured as a phase @ line and three phase windings are formed at that time. Six examples where the lines are electrically offset from each other by 1 to 120°a around the stator. For example, circuit elements such as A-transistors, rectifiers, and individual switches such as changeover switches. The number of is 1. Each increases by two as well. In case of motor operation, therefore A total of six power transistors are electrically controlled with a mutual offset of 60 degrees. .

international search report ANNEX To TF, E INTERNATIONAL 5EARCHRE :'ORT ON---・-device+・---1・---Akebono Ichigu Akebono--+Koma--+- ―Moan-＋――-m--・-１・彎INTERNATIONAL APPLICA TION No. PCT/DE 86100439 (SA 0976) - ―＋彎－−−――――・−−＋−ゆう−−−――−钼−−−Rumor −・−−−−−− ---+Sauce-----------・----Pat@nt document P Publication Patant fmily Publicationc ited in s@arch date memar(s) dat・r@p ort

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An armature consisting of several phase windings each forming one symmetrical polyphase winding. A permanent magnet field, for example mounted on a motor vehicle, with an armature phase winding provided In a type synchronous machine, Each phase winding (15, 16) is electromagnetically coupled to each other and is two partial windings (151, 152, 161, 162) extending over the body; have A permanent magnet field type synchronous machine characterized by: 2. Each phase winding (15, 16) to obtain a partial winding (161, 161, 162) A permanent magnet field type synchronous machine according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet field type synchronous machine is formed into a bifilar winding. 3. Winding of one partial winding (151 or 161) in each phase winding (15, 16) The wire end (X1 or Y1) and the winding start end of the other partial winding (152 or 162) (U1 or V1) are connected to each other and also form the free end ( The winding end (U, X or V) forming the phase winding end (X or Y) , Y) to the input side of the full-wave rectifier (17 or 18), The same output potentials of the full-wave rectifiers (17, 18) are connected to each other to form two connection terminals. The permanent battery according to claim 1 or 2, which is connected to the child (19, 20) Kumagnet field type synchronous machine. 4. One partial winding (152 or 162; 15 1 or 161) winding start end (U1 or V1; U or V) and the other partial winding (151 or 161; 152 or 162) winding termination (X1 or Y1; or Y) directly, and the one partial winding (152 or 162; 151 , 161) of the winding end (X or Y; X1 or Y1) and the other partial winding ( 151 or 161; 152 or 162) with two restraints, respectively. One of the electronic switches (25, 26 or 27, 28) to be controlled one of the two connection terminals (19, 20) in each case via a switch. The permanent magnet field type synchronizer according to claim 1 or 2, which is connected to Machine. 5. Connection terminals with the same potential form a terminal pair (19, 20), Connection terminal between the output potential point of the full-wave rectifier (17, 18) and the terminal pair (19, 20) A switch (21) is provided between (19) and From the connection terminal (19), winding ends (X1, U1, Y1, A second switch (22, 23) is provided on each of the connection lines leading to V1), and the switch One selector switch (24) to operate the switches (21 to 23) in common. The second switches (22, 23) correspond to the same first switch (21), respectively. Claim 3 or 4, wherein the switching position is reversed (FIG. 3). Permanent magnet field type synchronous machine. 6. Connection terminals with the same potential form a terminal pair (19, 20), In each phase winding (15 or 16) two partial windings (151, 152 or 161, 162) winding end (X1 or Y1) and winding start end (U1 or V1) A first switch (31 or 32) is provided on the connecting wire with X1, Y1) and the starting ends of these windings (U1, V1) are connected to electronic switches (25 to 28 ) form the connection point of Another winding start end (U, V) of the partial winding (151, 152, 161, 162) and the winding from the termination (X, Y) to one connection terminal (19) of the terminal pair (19, 20). A second switch (33-36) is provided on the connecting line, The first switch (31, 32) and the second switch (33 to 36) are operated in common. so that the first switch and the second switch are identical, but mutually Claims in which the changeover switch (60) is configured to take the opposite switching position (FIG. 4) Permanent magnet field type synchronous machine according to item 3 or 4 of the above. 7. Protective diodes (37-40) are connected to electronic switches (25-28). A permanent magnet field type synchronous machine according to claim 6, which is connected in a row. 8. Controllable electronic switches are formed as power transistors (25-28) Also, the first switch (21, 31, 32) is closed and the second switch (22, 32) is closed. 23; 33 to 36) are open, the electronic switch adjusts the voltage regulator. The first switch (21, 31, 32) forming the section is open and the second switch (21, 31, 32) is open. When the channels (22, 23; 33 to 36) are closed, the electricity is They are electrically offset from each other by 360°/2m, and electrically correspond to 360°/2m. (where m is the sum of the windings, that is, 2 or 3). A permanent magnet field type synchronous machine according to any one of the desired ranges 5 to 7. 9. From claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet pole (42) has a soft iron pole piece (41). The permanent magnet field type synchronous machine according to any one of items up to item 8.