JP2002291288A - Permanent magnet synchronous motor and multi-contact simultaneous short-circuited contactor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a high induced voltage generated at a high speed revolution in a permanent magnet synchronous motor 40. SOLUTION: Center taps U1, V1, W1 are provided at a center point of respective phases U, V, W, of the stator winding star-connected in the permanent magnet synchronous motor 40, its one ends U2, V2, W2 are connected to the ac current power source side of inverter 10 or the like, while the other ends U0, V0, W0 or the center taps U1, V1, W1, are selectively short-circuited to be neutral points by means of a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60. At a time of high speed revolution, the induction voltage is reduced by making the center taps U1, V1, W1 side being as neutral points.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the field of a permanent magnet synchronous motor used as a main motor of an electric vehicle such as a railway vehicle and an electric vehicle, and an electric contactor capable of switching characteristics of the electric motor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a main motor of an electric vehicle such as a railway vehicle, a DC series motor has been used for a long time. However, with the progress of power electronics, an induction motor controlled by an inverter has been used. It is now mainstream. However, research and development for an electric motor having higher performance, higher efficiency, lower loss, easier maintenance, or long-term non-decomposition without vigorously living at present are being actively conducted. Recently, strong permanent magnets using rare earth elements have appeared, and various applications of permanent magnet synchronous motors using these magnets to various fields have been studied, and electric vehicles such as electric vehicles and railway vehicles have been studied. As the main motor for
This type of motor is of interest.

[0003] For example, the development of a direct drive type main motor for a next-generation commuter train using a wheel-integrated main motor aiming at advantages such as low noise, space saving, maintenance saving, energy saving, low floor and light weight. (Koichi Matsuoka, seven other people, "1215
Development of Direct Drive Main Motor System for Next-Generation Commuter Train ”[No97-13] Proceedings of the 6th Transportation and Logistics Division Conference of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (Railway Symposium) [1997]
-7.28-30. Tokyo] 197p-200p Issued on: July 25, 1997 (issued by The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers), or as a high-efficiency, low-cost, fully-closed self-cooling, and currently mainstream induction machine Development of a new main motor for electric vehicles with the aim of obtaining an alternative (Shinko Son, Hiroshi 4 people, "Development of S4f-2 Permanent Magnet-assisted Reluctance Motor" 1999 Railway Technology Union Symposium (J-RAIL ' 99) Lecture Papers 215p to 218p
Issued on December 7, 1999, 1st edition, 1st printing Issuer
Researches by the Japan Society of Civil Engineers) are being actively conducted.

A permanent magnet synchronous motor has the greatest advantage in that it is inherently highly efficient. Since no current is required to generate the field magnetic flux, the copper loss is not generated and the efficiency is increased. Since the loss is small when the efficiency is high, the calorific value can be reduced. In applying this essentially high-efficiency permanent magnet synchronous motor to main motors for electric vehicles such as railway vehicles, at the dawn of practical development, the following problems must be solved first. Consider whether it is around.

[0005] Permanent magnet synchronous motors are essentially highly efficient motors. When the efficiency is high, the calorific value can be reduced, and useless energy can be avoided. Therefore, if the dimensions are the same as those of the conventional motor, the output becomes large, and if the output is the same, the size and weight can be reduced. This is the reason why permanent magnet synchronous motors using strong permanent magnets containing rare earth elements are being considered for application not only to electric vehicles but also to various fields.

FIG. 7 shows a conventional technique for driving a permanent magnet synchronous motor 40, which is a main motor for an electric vehicle, using an AC power source such as a typical inverter 10. 00 is an overhead wire, 02 is a pantograph, 04 is a reactor, 06 is an overvoltage protection circuit, 08 is a capacitor, 10 is an inverter, Ug, Xg, Vg, Yg, Wg, Zg is GTO, Ud, Xd, Vd, Yd, Wd, Zd is a diode, 20 is a contactor, 40 is a permanent magnet synchronous motor, 42 is an outer frame, 44 is a stator winding, and U, V, and W are each of three phases. The inverter 10 includes, for example, a GTO
Are used, and only the basic configuration of the main circuit is shown.
Each phase U, V, W of the inverter 10 is GTO Ug, Xg, Vg, Yg,
Wg, Zg and diode connected in anti-parallel to GTO
It is composed of a set of Ud, Xd, Vd, Yd, Wd, and Zd.

[0007] Here, the electric power taken into the vehicle from the overhead wire 00 via the pantograph 02 is smoothed by the reactor 04 and the capacitor 08, converted into AC by the inverter 10, and becomes the main motor through the contactor 20. The permanent magnet synchronous motor 40 is driven. Contactor 20
Is connected and disconnected between the inverter 10 and the permanent magnet synchronous motor 40 as the main motor as necessary to protect the main circuit. The overvoltage protection device 06 has, for example, an overvoltage protection resistor and a thyristor connected in series. If there is an abnormality in the line voltage for some reason, the overvoltage protection device 06 detects the overvoltage with a voltage detector, thereby firing the thyristor. In this way, a current flows through the overvoltage protection resistor to eliminate the overvoltage.

[0008]

Here, the permanent magnet synchronous motor 40 always generates a field magnetic flux, and therefore has a problem which has not been considered so far. this is,
The permanent magnet synchronous motor 40 normally generates an induced voltage proportional to magnetic flux × rotational speed. The main motor of an electric vehicle needs to operate in a wide rotation speed range in proportion to the running speed of the electric vehicle. However, at a high rotation speed, a high induced voltage is generated. You need to increase the value. However, the AC power supply such as the inverter 10 is expensive among the vehicle components. If the rated value is increased, the cost is increased, and the volume is increased, so that it cannot be accepted economically or in terms of space.

In the permanent magnet synchronous motor 40, which is the main motor of the electric vehicle, if a magnetic design is performed to secure the required torque at low rotation speed operation, a large induced voltage is generated at high rotation speed. Therefore, even at a high rotation speed, it is very difficult to design a motor capable of exhibiting a predetermined rotation speed-torque characteristic over a wide range while satisfying the rated voltage and current of the inverter 10 at a low level.

In addition, when the motor is rotated by another force, such as when coasting or when being sent to a rescue center or a repair center due to a vehicle failure or the like, a high induced voltage is similarly generated at a high rotation speed. appear. In addition, when a high voltage is generated in the main motor, a current flows backward to the overhead wire 00 power supply side through each diode connected in anti-parallel to each GTO which is a main element of the AC power supply such as the inverter 10, and at this time, If the overvoltage protection device 06 is activated for some reason, the current continues to be supplied from the main motor 40, so that the overvoltage protection resistor may be burned out.

In a normal synchronous motor, in order to avoid such a high induced voltage at a high rotation speed, it is usual to perform a weak field control for weakening the field and reducing the induced voltage. However, such a control method cannot be adopted in the permanent magnet synchronous motor because the field magnetic flux cannot be weakened. Although attempts have been made to control the stator current with an AC power supply such as the inverter 10 to perform pseudo and equivalent weak magnetic flux weakening control, it is difficult to perform significant control and the efficiency is reduced. Remains.

At the time of coasting, a control for preventing a current from flowing to the main motor was performed. However, none of the effects are sufficient, and if control fails, the inverter 10
Another inconvenience arises, such as destroying the AC power supply. Apart from this control of the field, in the structure of the motor itself, control for switching between star connection and delta connection, or control for switching between series and parallel by providing two sets of stator windings has been attempted. The structure of the contactor for use is complicated and large, and furthermore, there are many problems such as the routing of electric wires, the number of connection points and the number of lines, and the connection between the contactor and the motor becomes complicated.

For example, in a reluctance type permanent magnet synchronous motor in which a permanent magnet is embedded in an iron core, the torque is obtained by utilizing the reluctance torque of the iron core, and the amount of the permanent magnet provided in the iron core is reduced by that amount. Attempts have been made to reduce the induced voltage caused by the field magnetic flux, but at present it is not practical.

In addition to the control by the AC power supply such as the inverter 10 and the improvement of the structure of the electric motor, a contactor 20 is inserted between the AC power supply such as the inverter 10 and the electric motor 40, and It is also practiced to surely shut off the circuit in terms of wear and protect the main circuit. However, such a method does not essentially reduce the high induced voltage generated at a high rotation speed, and also occupies valuable vehicle space by mounting a large contactor. It is inconvenient.

Accordingly, in the permanent magnet synchronous motor 40, in any case, how to prevent a large induced voltage generated at a high rotation speed is still the biggest problem in all cases. . Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet synchronous motor 40 for preventing the generation of an excessive induced voltage at a high rotation speed, and to solve the problem when the motor is mounted on an electric vehicle as a main motor. It is an object of the present invention to prevent the generation of an excessive induced voltage according to the vehicle speed corresponding to the rotation speed of the motor, and to disconnect the electric motor from the power supply circuit at the time of another power rotation such as coasting. Further, in order to prevent the generation of the excessive induced voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 40 and to easily realize the characteristic of disconnecting the permanent magnet synchronous motor 40 from the power supply circuit, the connection routing is small and the connection can be easily performed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor having a simple structure, being compact and easy to manufacture.

[0016]

The main characteristic means for solving these problems will be described below. The first means is a permanent magnet synchronous motor including a stator winding 44 capable of star connection and a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor (60), wherein each phase U, V of the stator winding 44 is provided. , W have intermediate taps U1, V1, W1, respectively. One end U2, V2, W2 is connected to the AC power source side such as the inverter 10, and the other end U0, V1, W2.
V0, W0 or the intermediate taps U1, V1, W1 can be selectively connected to the neutral point via the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60, and at high rotation speeds, the intermediate taps U1, V1, W1.
This is a permanent magnet synchronous motor that reduces the induced voltage by connecting the side to a neutral point. A second means is the first means, wherein the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60 is a movable contact comprising first and second fixed contact boards 61 and 62 which are separated and juxtaposed, and a conductive plate interposed therebetween. The first and second fixed contact disks 61 and 62 are respectively formed with a plurality of contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1 arranged on an insulator. Each of the contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0 of the first fixed contactor board 61 has a phase U,
The other ends U0, V0, W0 of V, W are connected, and the respective contacts Su1, Sv1, Sw1 of the second fixed contact disc 62 are connected to the respective phases U, V,
The intermediate taps U1, V1, and W1 of W are connected, and the movable contact disc 63 selectively contacts one of the first and second fixed contact discs 61 and 62 so as to be switchable, and the stator Winding 44
Is a permanent magnet synchronous motor in which the other ends U0, V0, W0 of the respective phases U, V, W or the intermediate taps U1, V1, W1 are short-circuited to make a neutral point.

The third means is a permanent magnet synchronous motor including a stator winding 44 capable of star connection and a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60. The motor is used as a main motor in an electric vehicle. Mounted, each phase U, V, W of the stator winding 44 has intermediate taps U1, V1, W1, respectively, and one end U2, V2, W2 is connected to an AC power supply side such as the inverter 10, The other end U0, V0, W0 or middle tap U
1, V1, W1 are transmitted through the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor 60,
The multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60 is selectively connectable to a neutral point, is capable of performing a switching operation having a hysteresis characteristic, and is a first predetermined vehicle of an electric vehicle corresponding to the rotation speed of the electric motor. Above speed, intermediate taps U1, V1, W
When the first side is connected to the neutral point, and at the second predetermined vehicle speed which is lower than the first predetermined vehicle speed and lower than the second predetermined vehicle speed, the other ends U0, V0, W0 are connected to the neutral point, and the high speed Is a permanent magnet synchronous motor that reduces the induced voltage of the motor. A fourth means is the third means, wherein the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60 is a movable contact comprising first and second fixed contact boards 61 and 62 which are separated and juxtaposed, and a conductive plate interposed therebetween. The first and second fixed contact disks 61 and 62 are respectively formed with a plurality of contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1 arranged on an insulator. Each of the contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0 of the first fixed contactor board 61 has a phase U,
The other ends U0, V0, W0 of V, W are connected, and the respective contacts Su1, Sv1, Sw1 of the second fixed contact disc 62 are connected to the respective phases U, V,
The intermediate taps U1, V1, and W1 of W are connected, and the movable contact disc 63 selectively contacts one of the first and second fixed contact discs 61 and 62 so as to be switchable, and the stator Winding 44
The other end U0, V0, W0 of each phase U, V, W or the intermediate tap U1, V1, W1 is short-circuited to a neutral point.
The movable contact disk 63 can perform a switching operation having a hysteresis characteristic, and, when the electric vehicle is at or above a first predetermined vehicle speed, corresponding to the rotation speed of the electric motor, the movable contact disk 63 is connected to the intermediate tap. The movable contact disk 63 is connected to the U1, V1, W1 side to be a neutral point, and the movable contact disk 63 is connected to the other end (U0, V0, W) at a second predetermined vehicle speed which is lower than the first predetermined vehicle speed.
This is a permanent magnet synchronous motor that is connected to the 0) side and reduces the induced voltage at a high rotation speed as a neutral point.

A fifth means is a permanent magnet synchronous motor including a stator winding capable of star connection (44) and a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor (60), wherein the motor is an electric vehicle. Is mounted as a main motor, and the stator windings 44
Of each phase U, V, W are intermediate taps U1, V1, W
One end U2, V2, W2 is connected to the AC power supply side such as the inverter 10, and the other end U0, V0, W0 or the intermediate tap U1, V1, W1 is connected via the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60. The multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor 60 can be selectively connected to the neutral point, and the other end U0, V0, W is used when the electric motor rotates by another force at the time of coasting or towing of the electric vehicle.
This is a permanent magnet synchronous motor capable of selecting and maintaining a state in which 0 or any of the intermediate taps U1, V1, W1 is not connected to the neutral point. A sixth means is the fifth means, wherein the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60 is a movable contact comprising first and second fixed contact boards 61 and 62 which are separated and juxtaposed, and a conductive plate interposed therebetween. The first and second fixed contact disks 61 and 62 are respectively formed with a plurality of contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1 arranged on an insulator. Each of the contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0 of the first fixed contactor board 61 has a phase U,
The other ends U0, V0, W0 of V, W are connected, and the respective contacts Su1, Sv1, Sw1 of the second fixed contact disc 62 are connected to the respective phases U, V,
The intermediate taps U1, V1, and W1 of W are connected, and the movable contact disc 63 is provided with first and second fixed contact discs when the electric motor is rotating by another force such as when coasting or being towed by the electric vehicle. It is possible to maintain a state of not contacting any one of 61, 62, and the other end U0, V0, W0 of each phase U, V, W of the stator winding 44 or any of the intermediate taps U1, V1, W1. Is a permanent magnet synchronous motor capable of selecting and maintaining a state not connected to a neutral point.

The seventh means comprises first and second separated and juxtaposed.
Is a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor composed of fixed contactor boards 61 and 62 and a movable contactor board 63 interposed therebetween. The first and second fixed contactor boards 61 and 62 are Each of the plurality of contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1 is formed on an insulator, the movable contact board 63 is made of a conductive plate, and the first and second fixed contact boards 61, 62, and selectively comes into contact with any one of them so as to be selectively switchable, and a plurality of contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Su1, of the first and second fixed contact discs 61, 62, respectively. Sv1, Sw1
Can be short-circuited, or a plurality of contacts S of each of the first and second fixed contact discs 61 and 62 do not contact any of the first and second fixed contact discs 61 and 62.
u0, Sv0, Sw0: A multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor capable of maintaining Su1, Sv1, Sw1 in an open state. 8th
In the seventh means, the first and second fixed contact discs 61, 62 are provided with a plurality of contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1 at both ends of the insulating cylinder 64, respectively. The movable contact disc 63 is a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor interposed inside the insulating cylinder 64.

[0020]

1 to 6 show embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows the connection of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 40 of the present invention and the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor 60,
It is housed in the outer frame 42. Here, 40 is a permanent magnet synchronous motor, 42 is an outer frame, 44 is a stator winding,
V and W are the respective phases of the stator winding 44, U2, V2 and W2 are one ends thereof, U1, V1 and W1 are intermediate taps thereof, and U0 and V
0 and W0 are other ends. Here, one end U2, V2, W2 of each phase of the stator winding 44 is connected to the AC power supply side of the inverter 10 or the like (see FIG. 7). 60 is a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor; 61 is a first fixed contact disc; Su0, Sv0, Sw0 are formed on an insulator and are insulated from each other;
Reference numeral 2 denotes a second fixed contact disc, Su1, Sv1, and Sw1 are formed on an insulator and a plurality of contacts insulated from each other, and 63 is a movable contact disc, which is made of, for example, a plate-like conductor.

The contacts Su1, Sv1, Sw1 of the second fixed contact disc of the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor 60 are connected to the intermediate taps U1, V1, W1 of the stator winding 44, respectively. The contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0 of the panel 61 are connected to the other ends U0, V
0 and W0. The movable contact board 63 is made of a conductive plate, and includes a first fixed contact board 61 and a second fixed contact board 6.
2 and can be freely switched and selectively contacted with either one. Each of the contacts Su0, Sv0,
Sw0 or Su1, Sv1, Sw1 can be simultaneously short-circuited to a neutral point. The switching operation is performed by the movable contact disc 6.
3 can be provided by providing an insulating rod for operation, or by providing a known means such as an electromagnetic plunger, and can be performed automatically by detecting the rotation speed or induced voltage or manually. It is possible.

FIG. 2A shows a permanent magnet synchronous motor 4
0, (b) shows the multiple contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60, and (c) shows the first fixed contact disc 61 of the multiple contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60. As shown in the cross-sectional view of (c), the contact disk 61 is provided with respective contacts Su0, Sv0, S
w0 is fixed. FIG. 3 shows a permanent magnet synchronous motor 40.
And the induced voltage is generated substantially in proportion to the rotational speed in accordance with the number of turns of the stator winding 44. The upper graph (low-speed operation side) shows the induced voltage characteristics at the time of full turn, and the lower graph (high-speed operation side) shows the characteristics when the number of turns is reduced by the intermediate tap. When the rotation speed increases and the induced voltage approaches the limit voltage, the connection is switched to the intermediate tap side by tap switching and short-circuited as a neutral point, so that the induced voltage can be reduced. The multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60 is composed of first and second fixed contact plates 61 and 62 which are separated and juxtaposed, and a movable contact plate 63 made of a conductive plate interposed therebetween. And the first and second fixed contact discs 61, 6
2 denotes a plurality of contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, S
v1 and Sw1 are arranged and formed on an insulator serving as a base. The movable contact disc 63 does not contact any of the contacts of the first and second fixed contact discs 61 and 62 at the neutral cutting position. Then, it selectively contacts the first and second fixed contact discs 61 and 62 by the movement, and short-circuits the contacts at the same time. When functioning as a neutral point, it is not necessary to particularly connect a lead wire or the like, and it is not necessary to draw a lead wire out of the outer frame 42. What simply shorts the multiple contacts simultaneously may be a simple conductive plate, and the structure is simple. The other ends U0, V0, W0 of the stator windings 44 of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 40 on the neutral point side are connected to the respective contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0 of the first fixed contactor board 61, Second fixed contact disk 62
The intermediate taps U1, V1, W1 of the respective phases of the stator winding 44 are connected to the respective contacts Su1, Sv1, Sw1. The movable contact board 63 selectively and freely switches to one of the first and second fixed contact boards 61 and 62 so as to make contact with the stator windings 44.
The other end U0, V0, W0 of each phase or the intermediate tap U1, V
1, W1 can be short-circuited to a neutral point, and at a high rotation speed, the intermediate taps U1, V1, W1 are selected and short-circuited as a neutral point. By doing so, the induced voltage is reduced. In addition, when the electric motor is mounted on an electric vehicle, the same switching operation can be performed according to the traveling speed of the electric vehicle corresponding to the rotation speed during the driving operation of the electric vehicle. It is also possible to associate with. FIG. 4 shows this case. The switching is given a hysteresis characteristic to prevent frequent switching operation. For example, when the maximum vehicle speed is 120 km / h, the first predetermined speed is 60 km / h, and the second predetermined speed is 55 km / h.
/ h. In this way, once switching to the high-speed side, the high-speed side is maintained without switching to the low-speed side unless the speed drops to 55 km / h or less, preventing unnecessary operation of the contactor and contributing to a longer life. In addition, the effect on the passengers due to the switching is prevented, and the riding comfort is also improved. Furthermore, the electric motor can hold the movable contact disc 63 at the neutral cutting position during passive driving such as coasting. In this way, the motor can be easily disconnected from the AC power supply.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor 60. Multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor 6
FIG. 2 (b) shows a structure which is a basic tone of 0. For example, as shown in a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 (c), the first fixed contact disc 61 has contact points Su0, Sv0, Sw0. It is fixed to an insulator that is a base. The movable contact board 63 is made of a conductive plate, and includes a first fixed contact board 61 and a second fixed contact board 62.
And any one of the contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0 or Su1, Sv1, Sw1 can be simultaneously short-circuited to a neutral point. it can. In this embodiment, the insulating cylinder 6
And first and second fixed contact discs 6 at both ends thereof.
1, 62 are formed. Each contact Su0, Sv0, Sw0:
Su1, Sv1, Sw1 are insulating cylinders 64, which are insulator bases.
Are fixed at both ends. The movable contact board 63 is made of a conductive plate, is movably interposed therebetween, and has an insulating rod 65 for a switching operation. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor 60. The movable contact board 63 is made of a conductive plate and is movable. In this example, it is freely movable in the horizontal direction. The first and second fixed contact discs 61 and 62 arranged on both sides are provided with respective contacts S
u0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1 are formed by stacking three plate-like bodies, the base is fixed to an insulator (not shown), the tip is slightly curved outward, and the movable contact disc 63 Is easily received to make squeeze contact. FIG. 7 shows a permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 as a main motor for an electric vehicle.
1 shows a conventional technique of driving a 0 using a typical AC power supply such as an inverter 10.

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, as described above, a stator winding 44 capable of star connection,
A permanent magnet synchronous motor including a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor 60, wherein each phase U, V, W of the stator winding 44 has intermediate taps U1, V1, W1, respectively, and one end U2, V1.
2 and W2 are connected to the AC power supply side such as the inverter 10, and the other end U0, V0, W0 or the intermediate tap U1, V1, W1 is selectively connected to the neutral point via the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60. Connectable, and at high rotation speeds, the intermediate taps U1, V
This is a permanent magnet synchronous motor that reduces induced voltage by connecting the (W) side to a neutral point. The second embodiment of the present invention is the same as the first embodiment of the present invention, except that the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor 60 having the specific structure as described above is used. Here, the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60 is composed of first and second fixed contact plates 61 and 62 which are separated and juxtaposed, and a movable contact plate 63 made of a conductive plate interposed therebetween. 1st, 2nd
Fixed contact discs 61, 62 each have a plurality of contacts Su.
0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1 are arranged and formed on the insulator, and each contact Su0, S1 of the first fixed contactor board 61 is formed.
The other ends U0, V0, W0 of the respective phases U, V, W of the stator winding 44 are connected to v0, Sw0, and the respective contacts Su1, Sv1, Sw1 of the second fixed contactor board 62 are connected to The intermediate taps U1, V1, W1 of the phases U, V, W are connected, and the movable contact disc 63 selectively contacts one of the first and second fixed contact discs 61, 62 in a switchable manner. Then, each phase U of the stator winding 44,
V, W other ends U0, V0, W0 or intermediate taps U1, V
1, a permanent magnet synchronous motor that short-circuits W1 and makes it a neutral point.

According to a third embodiment of the present invention, an electric motor as described above is mounted on an electric vehicle as a main motor,
The switching having the hysteresis characteristic is performed according to the vehicle speed corresponding to the rotation speed of the electric motor. That is, it is a permanent magnet synchronous motor including a stator winding 44 capable of star connection and a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60, and the motor is mounted on an electric vehicle as a main motor,
Each phase U, V, W of the stator winding 44 has intermediate taps U1, V1, W1, respectively, one end U2, V2, W2 is connected to the AC power supply side such as the inverter 10, and the other ends U0, V0. , W0
Alternatively, the intermediate taps U1, V1, and W1 can be selectively connected to the neutral point via the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor 60,
The multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60 can perform a switching operation having a hysteresis characteristic, and when the electric vehicle corresponding to the rotation speed of the electric motor is equal to or higher than a first predetermined vehicle speed, the intermediate taps U1, V1, W1 side. Is connected to a neutral point, and when the vehicle speed is equal to or lower than a first predetermined vehicle speed and equal to or lower than a second predetermined vehicle speed, the other ends U0, V0, and W0 are connected to a neutral point to induce induction at a high rotation speed. It is a permanent magnet synchronous motor that reduces voltage. The fourth embodiment of the present invention uses the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60 having the specific structure as described above in the third embodiment. Here, the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60 is composed of first and second fixed contact plates 61 and 62 which are separated and juxtaposed, and a movable contact plate 63 made of a conductive plate interposed therebetween. The first and second fixed contact discs 61, 62 are respectively provided with a plurality of contacts Su0,
Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1 are arranged and formed on the insulator, and the respective contacts Su0, Sv0,
Sw0 includes the other end U of each phase U, V, W of the stator winding 44.
0, V0, and W0 are connected, and intermediate taps U1, V1, and W1 of the respective phases U, V, and W are connected to the respective contacts Su1, Sv1, and Sw1 of the second fixed contact disc 62. 63 selectively comes into contact with either one of the first and second fixed contactor boards 61 and 62 in a switchable manner, so that each phase U,
V, W other ends U0, V0, W0 or intermediate taps U1, V
1, W1 is short-circuited to a neutral point, and the movable contact disc (63) can perform a switching operation having a hysteresis characteristic, and the electric vehicle is driven in accordance with the rotation speed of the electric motor. Above the first predetermined vehicle speed, the movable contact disk (6
3) is connected to the intermediate taps U1, V1, W1 to make the neutral point, and when the vehicle speed is lower than the second predetermined vehicle speed which is lower than the first predetermined vehicle speed, the movable contact disk 63 is connected to the other ends U0, V0. , W0 side to reduce the induced voltage at a high rotational speed as a neutral point.

According to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the above-described electric motor is mounted on an electric vehicle as a main electric motor, and is separated from a power supply circuit at the time of another rotation such as coasting. That is, a stator winding 44 capable of star connection,
A permanent magnet synchronous motor including a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor 60, the motor being mounted as a main motor on an electric vehicle, and each phase U, V, W of the stator windings 44:
Each has an intermediate tap U1, V1, W1, and one end U2, V1.
2 and W2 are connected to the AC power supply side such as the inverter 10, and the other end U0, V0, W0 or the intermediate tap U1, V1, W1 is selectively connected to the neutral point via the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60. The multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor 60 can be connected to the other end U0, V0, W0 or the intermediate tap U1, at the time of another rotation of the electric motor at the time of coasting or towing of the electric vehicle.
Both V1 and W1 are permanent magnet synchronous motors capable of selecting and maintaining a state not connected to a neutral point. In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the specific structure as described above is used as the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60 in the fifth embodiment.
Here, the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60 is composed of first and second fixed contact plates 61 and 62 which are separated and juxtaposed, and a movable contact plate 63 made of a conductive plate interposed therebetween.
Each of the first and second fixed contact discs 61 and 62 has a plurality of contacts Su0, Sv0 and Sw0: Su1, Sv1 and Sw1 arranged and formed on an insulator. The contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0 are connected to the respective phases U, V,
The other ends U0, V0, W0 of W are connected, and intermediate taps U1, V1, W1 of the respective phases U, V, W are connected to the respective contacts Su1, Sv1, Sw1 of the second fixed contact disc 62, Movable contact disk 6
Numeral 3 is capable of maintaining a state in which the electric vehicle does not come into contact with any of the first and second fixed contact disks 61 and 62 when the electric motor rotates by another force at the time of coasting or towing. , The other end U of each phase U, V, W of the stator winding 44
Any of 0, V0, W0 or the intermediate taps U1, V1, W1 is a permanent magnet synchronous motor capable of selecting and maintaining a state not connected to the neutral point.

The seventh embodiment of the present invention is a contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor having a specific structure as described above. That is, the first and second fixed contact discs 6 which are separated and juxtaposed.
1 and 62, and a movable contact disk 63 interposed therebetween, which is a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor. The first and second fixed contact disks 61 and 62 each have a plurality of contacts S.
u0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1 are arranged and formed on an insulator. The movable contact board 63 is made of a conductive plate, and freely moves between the first and second fixed contact boards 61, 62. Go to
Contacting selectively with one of them, and
It is possible to short-circuit the plurality of contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1 of each of the second fixed contact discs 61, 62, or it is possible to short-circuit the first and second fixed contact discs 61, 62.
62, a plurality of contacts Su0, Sv0, Sw0 of the first and second fixed contact discs 61, 62, respectively.
This is a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor capable of maintaining Su1, Sv1, and Sw1 in an open state. The eighth embodiment of the present invention is a contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor having another structure different from that of the seventh embodiment. Here, the first and second fixed contact discs 61 and 62
A plurality of contacts Su0 and Sv are provided at both ends of the insulating cylinder 64, respectively.
0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1 are provided, and the movable contact disc 63 is a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor interposed inside the insulating cylinder 64.

[0028]

According to the first embodiment of the present invention,
As described above, a permanent magnet synchronous motor having a reduced induced voltage at a high rotation speed can be obtained. The second embodiment of the present invention uses a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 60 having a specific structure provided with a movable contact disk 63 made of a conductive plate that can be a neutral point. The connection between the synchronous motor 40 and the stator winding 44 is simple, the wiring is small, the compact motor can be stored compactly in the outer frame 42, and it is easy to make it fully closed. The third embodiment of the present invention is mounted on an electric vehicle, performs switching in accordance with the vehicle speed, and performs switching having a hysteresis characteristic in reducing induced voltage. To prevent
It contributes to prolonging the life of the contactor, eliminating passenger discomfort associated with the switching operation, and improving ride comfort. The fourth embodiment of the present invention is suitable for mounting on a vehicle because it is as compact as the second embodiment, and the switching operation having hysteresis characteristics by driving the movable contactor panel is facilitated. I can do it. According to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, when a failure such as a short circuit occurs in a device on the power supply side such as an inverter, a large short-circuit current flows according to the induced voltage of the motor. The inverter can be separated and can be performed without using another contactor. The sixth embodiment of the present invention is suitable for being mounted on a vehicle because it is compact as in the second embodiment, and can be easily driven by driving the movable contact disk like in the fourth embodiment. To maintain the neutral cutting position and to cut off the motor from the power supply circuit.

According to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the connection with the permanent magnet synchronous motor 40 is easy, the multiple contacts can be short-circuited at the same time by moving the movable contact disk, and the neutral point can be formed. A neutral cutting position can be selected, which can be used to reduce the induced voltage or cut off from the power supply circuit. The whole is made compact, the motor is housed in the outer frame 42, and the connection line is not routed outside. It is convenient to make it a fully closed type. In addition, since the number of parts can be reduced, the manufacture is easy. In the eighth embodiment of the present invention, an insulating cylinder 64 is used. A plurality of contacts are provided at both ends of the insulating cylinder 64 to form first and second fixed contact plates, and movable contacts are provided therein. Since the board 63 is interposed, the connection with the stator winding 44 of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 40 is simple. Further, since the electric motor can be compactly stored in the outer frame 42 and does not come out of the insulating cylinder 64 even if a spark is generated, the motor can be easily configured as a fully closed type.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which a permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention and a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor are connected and housed in an outer frame 42.

FIG. 2 shows a permanent magnet synchronous motor (a), a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor (b), and a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor 60 according to the present invention.
For example, it is a sectional view (c) of the first fixed contact disc 61.

FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the rotational speed and the induced voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows vehicle speed and induced voltage characteristics corresponding to the rotation speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention mounted on an electric vehicle. The hysteresis characteristic at the time of switching is also shown.

FIG. 5 is an embodiment of the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is another embodiment of the multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a connection diagram of a conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor and an AC power supply such as an inverter.

[Explanation of symbols]

 00 Overhead wire 02 Pantograph 04 Reactor 06 Overvoltage protection circuit 08 Capacitor 10 Inverter 20 Contactor 40 Permanent magnet synchronous motor 42 Outer frame 44 Stator winding U, V, W Three phase of stator winding U0, V0, W0 Fixed The other end of each phase of the stator winding U1, V1, W1 The intermediate tap of each phase of the stator winding U2, V2, W2 One end of each phase of the stator winding 60 Multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor 61 First fixed contactor board Su0 , Sv0, Sw0 Each contact of the first fixed contact disc 62 Second fixed contact disc Su1, Sv1, Sw1 Each contact of the second fixed contact disc 63 Movable contact disc 64 Insulated cylinder 65 Insulated rod

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) H02K 21/12 H02K 21/12 MF term (Reference) 5G051 EA01 LA02 LA11 5H115 PA08 PC01 PC06 PG01 PG04 PI03 PU10 PV09 PV25 QE02 QE03 QE11 QN06 RB21 SE03 TB06 TB10 UI01 5H575 BB05 BB06 DD03 DD06 HA06 LL01 MM03 5H621 AA03 BB10 GB14 JK14 PP10

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A stator winding capable of star connection (44).
And a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor (60), wherein each phase (U, V, W) of the stator winding (44) has an intermediate tap (U1, V1, W1) and one end (U2, V
2, W2) is connected to the AC power supply side such as the inverter (10), and the other end (U0, V0, W0) or the intermediate tap (U1, V2)
1, W1) through a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor (60)
A permanent magnet synchronous motor that can be selectively connected to the neutral point and reduces the induced voltage by connecting the intermediate tap (U1, V1, W1) to the neutral point at high rotational speeds. 2. A multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor (60) comprising: first and second fixed contact discs (61, 62) separated and juxtaposed;
A movable contact board (6) made of a conductive plate interposed therebetween.
3) The first and second fixed contact discs (61, 62) each have a plurality of contacts (Su0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1) arranged and formed on an insulator. Each contact (Su0, Sv0, Sw) of the first fixed contact disc (61)
0), the other end (U0, V0, W0) of each phase (U, V, W) of the stator winding (44) is connected to each contact (Su1) of the second fixed contactor board (62). , Sv1, Sw1) are connected to intermediate taps (U1, V1, W1) of each phase (U, V, W), and the movable contact board (63) is composed of first and second fixed contact boards. (61, 62), and selectively comes into contact with either one of the other ends (U0, V0, W0) or intermediate taps of each phase (U, V, W) of the stator winding (44). (U1, V1, W1)
2. The permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein a short circuit is made to a neutral point. 3. A stator winding capable of star connection.
And a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor (60), the permanent magnet synchronous motor being mounted as a main motor on an electric vehicle, and each phase (U) of a stator winding (44). , V, W) each have an intermediate tap (U1, V1, W1) and one end (U2, V1, W1).
2, W2) is connected to the AC power supply side such as the inverter (10), and the other end (U0, V0, W0) or the intermediate tap (U1, V2)
1, W1) through a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor (60)
The multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor (60) can be selectively operated at a neutral point, can be switched with a hysteresis characteristic, and can be operated by a first predetermined electric vehicle corresponding to the rotation speed of the electric motor. Above the vehicle speed of
The intermediate tap (U1, V1, W1) side is connected to the neutral point, and the other end (U0, V0, W0) side is neutral at the second predetermined vehicle speed below the first predetermined vehicle speed. Permanent magnet synchronous motor connected to a point to reduce induced voltage at high rotation speed. 4. A multiple contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor (60) comprising first and second fixed contact discs (61, 62) separated and juxtaposed;
A movable contact board (6) made of a conductive plate interposed therebetween.
3) The first and second fixed contact discs (61, 62) each have a plurality of contacts (Su0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1) arranged and formed on an insulator. And the first fixed contact disc (6
1), the other end (U0, V0, W) of each phase (U, V, W) of the stator winding (44) is connected to each contact (Su0, Sv0, Sw0).
0) is connected, and intermediate contacts (U1, V1, W1) of each phase (U, V, W) are connected to the respective contacts (Su1, Sv1, Sw1) of the second fixed contact disc (62). The movable contact board (63) is selectively contacted with one of the first and second fixed contact boards (61, 62) in a switchable manner, so that each phase of the stator winding (44) can be switched. The other end (U0, V0, W0) of (U, V, W) or the intermediate tap (U1, V1, W1)
The movable contact disk (63) is capable of a switching operation having a hysteresis characteristic, and the electric vehicle is driven by the first electric vehicle in accordance with the rotation speed of the electric motor. Above a predetermined vehicle speed, the movable contact disc (63) is connected to the intermediate tap (U1, V1, W1) side to be a neutral point, and a second predetermined vehicle speed lower than the first predetermined vehicle speed 4. The permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 3, wherein the movable contact disk (63) is connected to the other end (U 0, V 0, W 0) to set a neutral point to reduce an induced voltage at a high rotation speed. 5. A stator winding capable of star connection.
And a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor (60), the permanent magnet synchronous motor being mounted as a main motor on an electric vehicle, and each phase (U) of a stator winding (44). , V, W) each have an intermediate tap (U1, V1, W1) and one end (U2, V1, W1).
2, W2) is connected to the AC power supply side such as the inverter (10), and the other end (U0, V0, W0) or the intermediate tap (U1, V2)
1, W1) through a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor (60)
The multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor (60) can be selectively connected to the neutral point, and the other end (U0, V0, W0) or middle tap (U1, V
1, W1) is a permanent magnet synchronous motor capable of selecting and maintaining a state where it is not connected to a neutral point. 6. A multiple contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor (60) comprising first and second fixed contact discs (61, 62) separated and juxtaposed;
A movable contact board (6) made of a conductive plate interposed therebetween.
3) The first and second fixed contact discs (61, 62) each have a plurality of contacts (Su0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1) arranged and formed on an insulator. Each contact (Su0, Sv0, Sw) of the first fixed contact disc (61)
0), the other end (U0, V0, W0) of each phase (U, V, W) of the stator winding (44) is connected to each contact (Su1) of the second fixed contactor board (62). , Sv1, Sw1) are connected to the intermediate taps (U1, V1, W1) of each phase (U, V, W), and the movable contactor (63) is used when the electric vehicle coasts or is towed. At the time of another rotation of the electric motor in the first,
It is possible to maintain a state of not contacting any of the second fixed contactor boards (61, 62),
4) Select and maintain a state in which neither the other end (U0, V0, W0) or the intermediate tap (U1, V1, W1) of each phase (U, V, W) is connected to the neutral point. 6. A permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 5, wherein said motor is capable of: 7. A multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor composed of first and second fixed contact plates (61, 62) separated and juxtaposed and a movable contact plate (63) interposed therebetween. The first and second fixed contact discs (61, 62) each have a plurality of contacts (Su0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1) arranged and formed on an insulator. The child board (63) is made of a conductive plate, and has a first and a second.
Between the fixed contactor boards (61, 62), and selectively contactably and selectively contact with either one of the first and second fixed contactor boards (61, 62).
The plurality of contacts (Su0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1) of each of the fixed contact boards (61, 62) can be short-circuited, or the first and second fixed contact boards can be used. (61, 62) A plurality of contacts (S) of each of the first and second fixed contact discs (61, 62) without contacting any of them.
u0, Sv0, Sw0: a multi-contact simultaneous short-circuiting contactor capable of maintaining Su1, Sv1, Sw1) in an open state. 8. The first and second fixed contact discs (61, 62).
Is provided with a plurality of contacts (Su0, Sv0, Sw0: Su1, Sv1, Sw1) at both ends of the insulating cylinder (64), and the movable contactor board (63) is provided inside the insulating cylinder (64). 8. The multi-contact simultaneous short-circuit contactor according to claim 7, wherein said contactor is interposed in said contact.