JPS63502355A - Ice removal process - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] water removal treatment The present invention applies to the field referred to herein as water removal treatment, i.e. Relates to treatments for removing ice from the surfaces of transportation machinery and structures. This term refers to deposition Eliminate all forms of freezing by removing objects (de-icing) or preventing build-up (anti-icing) This includes treatments for removing water (ice, snow, frost, etc.).

A liquid or solid that is water-soluble and has the property of lowering the freezing point of water when dissolved in water. It is well known that ice can be removed by drying or applying ice to the surface. . Anti-icing and de-icing treatments using liquid freezing point depressants are currently used in commercial aviation. In the main text, it is used to prevent icing or to prevent icing. Regardless of whether it is used for removal, do not use a liquid that has the effect of lowering the freezing point of water. It is called anti-ice liquid. Such liquids contain active base ingredients, but water It may also contain diluents and other ingredients such as. Anti-icing liquids in modern commercial aviation operations was prepared using various proportions of propylene glycol as a base component and water as a diluent. It is a combination of On the other hand, other liquids such as glycerol can also be used to form the base. The active base of the anti-icing liquid is potassium carbonate, which is well known to be used as a The liquid may contain this salt in solution or dispersion; Base materials such as are corrosive and are generally not welcomed.

The effectiveness of the water removal treatment is determined by the amount of anti-icing liquid applied and the base components in the liquid. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that it depends on the proportions. On the other hand, the effectiveness is determined by the liquid being treated on the surface, Zero ice removal operations are known to depend on the degree of runoff, especially down sloped surfaces. Maximize the time that the This is important for aircraft operational flexibility and economic reasons. .

The term “holdover time” refers to the period when the anti-icing process is the formation or accumulation of frost, ice or snow on the protective surfaces of the aircraft under average weather conditions within the limits of The addition of a thixotropic component to the anti-icing liquid, which represents an estimated time of de-icing It is known that holding times can be improved by On the one hand, the holding time It is desirable to further increase the Anti-icing liquid cannot be used on stationary aircraft. the aircraft is stationary for a long time, but the aircraft moves on the ground at a speed less than its rotational speed. It is also important that it is completely removed from all sensitive surfaces. This point is Its importance is increasing with the adoption of new wing configurations that are less resistant to debris.

It is also well known that anti-icing procedures can be used for automobile windshields.

Formulations for this use traditionally use alcohols such as methanol as freezing point depressants. I am using it.

Such formulations may be applied from a hand pump container or from an aerosol.

DE it is possible to remove ice from road surfaces and machinery by applying foamed carbamide. It is known from 3344564. In this literature, the foam used has a short lifespan. It has been used as an agent to improve the application of de-icing materials. Therefore, a Effective de-icing treatment with minimal amount of material to minimize any harmful environmental effects It is hoped that this will encourage a wide range of applications.

The present invention forms a stable foam of anti-icing liquid (as specified above) and applied to a surface to remove ice from the surface or provide anti-icing protection to the surface Concerning water removal treatment, which consists of several things.

The terms "foam" and "foaming" are used in the text in their conventional sense, refers to a gas/liquid mixture in which gas bubbles are contained within the liquid. "Stable foam '' is used to describe the foam's resistance to self-collapse. foamy 0 Anti-icing which must have sufficient resistance to remain foamed for a certain period of time By foaming the liquid, the flow rate of the liquid is reduced without relying on thickeners. Do a little.

However, thickeners may still be used in certain applications of the present invention. When used on an aircraft, the process of the present invention will result in anti-icing liquid being removed by the ground motion of the aircraft. It is expected that holding times can be increased without increasing the difficulty of removing residues. Ru. Furthermore, the icing removal treatment of the present invention can be applied particularly to icing prevention treatments such as automobile windshields. It has been discovered that there are other beneficial and unexpected benefits when used as a medical procedure. Ma First of all, if the anti-icing liquid is properly foamed, it will be able to do something that was not possible with conventional products. of evaporated liquid and diluted liquid sufficient to provide overnight anti-icing protection. Has resistance to spillage. Second, foam anti-icing liquid will freeze with frost after application. Even if the ice forms from the outer surface inward, it slowly soaks into the foaming liquid. transparent, so that an unfrozen liquid layer always remains adjacent to the protective surface, thus removing water from the protective surface. Ice can be easily removed.

In order to derive the benefits obtained from the present invention, the foam must be processed for a reasonable de-icing treatment time. should have sufficient temporal stability to provide resistance to self-disintegration during Ru. Therefore, foam stability of 8 hours or more is preferable, but in some cases such as de-icing applications. Foam stability lower than this is still effective in certain applications.

The traditional base used in propylene glycol, an aircraft de-icing fluid, is Since foaming is not easy, at least in the implementation of the present invention itself, In fact, such bases are formed from other liquids. Can eliminate foam. Used in traditional car windshield de-icing products Alcohol bases cannot be suitable base ingredients due to their rapid evaporation rates. , the preferred base ingredient is glycerol. This is used as a mixture with water obtained and used in appropriate proportions to provide the required temperature protection, with foam accelerators or stabilizers as required. Add agent. Glycerol is preferably used in an amount of 20 to 60% by weight.

Used as an effective anti-icing treatment, at least in glycerol-based formulations Foam promoting and/or stabilizing agents may be used to form a foam with sufficient longevity. Contains in prevention liquid. Up to 5% by weight of a suitable surfactant can be used as a foam promoter. It is suggested that it be blended.

Surfactants useful in the practice of the present invention include the following categories:

1. Alkali metals, ammonia, low molecular weight amines and alkanolamines Kyl and alkyl ethoxy sulfates, such as sodium lauryl ether sulfate, 2 , alkyl and alkylaryl sulfonates such as dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Sodium phosphate, 3, amphoteric surfactant, such as TEGOBETAINE L7 ( Product name) Fatty acid amidoprobyl dimethylaminoacetic acid betaine (C++-C1-) , 4. Amine oxide, for example EMPI with EN OB<trade name) NN dimethyl ( CI2-CI4) Alkylamine oxides 5, such as mono-, di- and polyethanols fatty acid amides, such as coconut oil fatty acid gels, tanolamide, 6. Alkaline salts of fatty acids, such as sodium oleate, 7. Sarcosinate, For example, sodium lauryl sarcosinate.

Foam stabilizers are used to ensure sufficient foam life for use in the process of the present invention. In addition, it can be used to increase the resistance to self-collapse of foamed anti-icing liquids.

Foam stabilizers give foam anti-icing liquids greater resistance to external interference from the elements It can also be used to give.

Suitable foam stabilizers are water-soluble polymers that have both foam stabilizing and promoting effects. It is methyl cellulose. In addition to this, the following categories of foam stabilizers may be used: may be used.

1. Hydrophilic colloids or polymers, such as carboxymethylcellulose, algium sodium chloride, as well as materials generally considered similar to these, such as proteins. , hydrolyzed protein and modified starch, and 2. Medium to high molecular weight polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester or ether; For example, polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 6000) distearate.

In order to fully predict and utilize the duration and effectiveness of the process of the present invention, the foam must be The bubbles should be formed to have reasonable uniform size and distribution. like this The text describes three methods for forming foam.

The typical cell size currently in use is preferably within the millimeter range. Typical dimensions range from 172 to 273 millimeters. For commercial scale use Typical cell dimensions of less than 172 millimeters are more advantageous.

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a foam generator and compressed air distributor.

FIG. 2 shows an aerosol canister-foam generator and distributor.

FIG. 3 shows a commercial scale foam generator and compressed air operated distributor.

The apparatus shown in Figure 1 is of laboratory scale and has a removable cap 2. Consisting of a bottle 1 with a cap 2 and an outlet pipe 3 communicating with the inside of the bottle 1 via a cap 2. has been done. A predetermined amount of anti-icing liquid 4 is contained within the bottle 1 . liquid 4 A first gas population 5 communicating with a porous block diffuser 6 is arranged below the liquid level. It is. Compressed air is supplied from a cylinder or compressor (not shown) to an inlet 5 and a diffuser. The water is fed to the bottle 1 through the user 6. The gas flow rate is regulated by a control valve 7.

A second gas inlet 8 communicates with the interior of the bottle 1 above the surface of the liquid 4. . Compressed air is passed from a source (not shown) to an inlet 8 at a flow rate regulated by a regulating valve 7. is introduced into the bottle via. When the device is operating, the anti-icing fluid is approximately at the level shown. Air flow is started through inlets 5 and 8 until 0 is introduced into the bottle, and the control valve is closed to the outlet. Adjustments are made to create the desired foam flow through the mouth tube 3 and the desired bubble size. Enter The flow through the port 5 causes foaming of the anti-icing liquid. Flow through inlet 8 is directed to outlet pipe 3 Different pore sizes to help create the excess pressure needed to expel foam through Another diffuser 6 may be installed to change the size of the bubbles within the foam.

The laboratory apparatus described above was used to form foams from various anti-icing liquids. each foam is based on an equal mass mixture of glycerol and water, each containing foam-promoting and stabilizing ingredients. A combination of seeds was used. Using the sample anti-icing liquid shown in Table 1, When foamed to form typical cell sizes ranging from 2 mm to 273 mm, foam Good results were obtained in terms of stability, robustness and spill resistance. Low viscosity anti-icing liquid It has been found that forming this small cell size in the body is easier.

Contains methylcellulose as the sole additive or with Teepol Some foams containing chillcellulose are physically more robust than others. It was. All of the samples shown below were easily foamed by the above equipment, and at ambient temperature and A foam was formed with a lifetime of at least 24 hours in cold room conditions.

Teepol is a patented surfactant that is considered to fall under category 1 and/or 2 above. This is the brand name of the agent. Sodium oleate is a Class 6 soap.

FIG. 2 shows a typical aerosol spray device. The device includes canister 2 0, a nozzle 21 and a valve 22. Valve 2 in ready position 2 by the action of the compression spring 23 which presses the sealing part 24 of the valve against the seat 25. Closed. When the nozzle 21 is pushed down against the force of the spring, it breaks the seal, A passage is formed through the valve 22 to the nozzle 21. In this state, the liquid 26 is , internal pressure generated within the canister 20 by the propellant 28, such as liquefied petroleum gas. The force causes the canister to pass through the siphon tube 27, valve 22 and nozzle 21. is discharged from.

Using the device shown in Figure 2, which uses liquefied petroleum gas as a propellant, the following composition is used: The process of the invention was carried out.

and m Glycerol 50.0, Methylcellulose (foam stabilizer) 0.50, Sodium Lauryl sarcosinate (class 7 surfactant) 1.00, water 48.50° E19L Glycerol 50.0, Methylcellulose 0.50, TEGOBETAINEL 7 (trade name, class 3 surfactant) 2.0, coconut oil diethanolamide (class 5 surfactant) 0.3, water 47.20° Glycerol 50.0, Methylcellulose 0.50, Sodium lauryl ether sulfate Lithium (3 ethylene oxide) (class 1 surfactant) 0.50, water 49.0° All of the above compounding ratios are expressed in weight%. The solution was sprayed onto a vertical enamelled metal plate maintained at room temperature. Both formulations It remained as a foam and remained in place without spilling for at least 24 hours.

The formulation was similarly sprayed onto the windshield of a car placed under freezing conditions. Ta. - After being exposed to freezing conditions overnight, the foam froze, but this icing did not occur on the windshield. stuck in the unfrozen layer adjacent to the windshield wiper. It was easily removed.

Figure 3 shows the type of compressed air used to dispense foam cleaning fluid. A commercial-scale foam generator 30 is shown operated as shown in FIG. using this type of device The anti-icing liquid was foamed and dispensed according to the method of the present invention. Foam generator is a pressurized tank 31, a flexible outlet hose 32 and a rigid lance 33. Tank 31 is , has a compressed air supply 34 connected to a compressor (not shown). This connection is , may be a mold that is maintained during use of the generator 30, or may be filled into the tank 31. There is a designated container in the tank 31, which may be a separate separable mold used only for A quantity of anti-icing liquid 35 is retained.

A siphon tube 36 extends below the surface of the liquid 35 and is located above the surface. In this case, the side passage 37 is connected to the siphon tube 36 . The compressed air in tank 31 is liquid The body 35 is propelled into the siphon tube 36 and from the side passage 37 through the introduction restriction 38. enters the tube and forms a foamy liquid downstream of the connection. Siphon tube 36 and pressure A compressed air passage 39 extends from the tank 31 through the cross section of the flexible hose 32 to the lance 33. ing. At the distal end of lance 33 compressed air from passageway 39 is pumped through nozzle 40. The foamed anti-icing liquid is injected into the foamed anti-icing liquid stream from the Ifon tube 36, and the foamed anti-icing liquid is nozzled. Spray from the nozzle 40. A patent using the above type of device that is unknown to the applicant. Anti-icing consisting of an equal mass mixture of glycerol and water with a foam-generating surfactant The liquid was foamed and dispensed. This anti-icing liquid is foamed by the device and It could be easily dispensed onto car windshields and automobile windshields. car front gas In the simulation of the use of lath, the same equipment and mixture in the icing chamber Another test was carried out using a material. The chamber temperature was set to -15°C, and one of the plates was onto a glass plate maintained at 30° to the vertical so that the area is covered with a thin layer of foam. Foam anti-icing liquid was sprayed. The rest of the plate was left unprotected.

Next, fine water droplets are sprayed onto the glass plate, and a weak breeze is applied by a fan behind the spray. I guessed. This spraying lasted for several minutes until a layer of ice covered the glass plate. So After that, spraying was stopped. Preservation of glass by breaking the ice at several different points The ice layer could be easily removed by hand as large pieces of ice from the protected area. Non adjacent to the glass A frozen layer remains, so the ice chips slide off the glass. Glass plate non-preservation Ice on the protective area is firmly attached to the glass and cannot be removed using traditional Raping was necessary.

international search report ANNEX To’zHE INTERNATIONAf, 5IJRCHRE PORT　NPate　document　Publication　P attendant family PubLicatjoncited in 5ea rch data member(s) dater@port

Claims (18)

[Claims] 1. Form a stable foam of anti-icing liquid (as specified above) and apply the stable foam to the surface. or by providing anti-icing protection to the surface. ice removal treatment. 2. Claim 1, wherein the anti-icing liquid is foamed to be stable for at least 8 hours. Ice removal treatment. 3. Claim 1: The anti-icing liquid contains glycerol as a base component. Or the ice removal treatment described in 2. 4. Claim 2, wherein the anti-icing liquid contains a surfactant as a foam promoting component. Or the ice removal treatment described in 3. 5. Claim 4, wherein the foam-promoting component constitutes up to 5% by weight of the anti-icing liquid. Ice removal treatment as described. 6. Foam promoting ingredients include alkali metals, ammonia, low molecular weight amines and alkanoids alkyl or alkyl ethoxy sulfate of a member of the group consisting of Ice removal treatment according to range 4 or 5. 7. The foam promoting ingredient is an alkyl sulfonate or an alkylaryl sulfonate. Ice removal treatment according to claim 4 or 5. 8. The ice removal treatment according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the foam promoting component is an amphoteric surfactant. Reason. 9. The ice removal treatment according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the foam promoting component is an amine oxide. Reason. 10. The foam-promoting component is a member of the group consisting of mono-, di- and polyethanolamides. The ice removal treatment according to claim 4 or 5, which is a fatty acid. 11. The ice according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the foam promoting component is an alkali salt of a fatty acid. removal process. 12. Ice removal according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the foam promoting component is sarcosinate. process. 13. The ice removal treatment according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the foam promoting component is an oleate salt. Reason. 14. Any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the anti-icing liquid contains a foam stabilizing component. Ice removal treatment as described in one of the above. 15. The ice removal treatment according to claim 14, wherein the foam stabilizing component is methylcellulose. Reason. 16. Anti-icing liquid is 20-60% by weight glycerol and up to 5% by weight interface Claims containing an activator and up to 2.0% by weight of a foam stabilizer and the balance water. Ice removal treatment according to any one of boxes 1 to 15. 17. Foamed anti-icing liquid is produced by foaming and distributing the anti-icing liquid using an aerosol distributor. The application consists of applying the de-icing or anti-icing treatment to vehicle windows. The ice removal treatment according to any one of claims 1 to 16. 18. The anti-icing liquid is foamed and distributed using a compressed air device, and the foamed anti-icing liquid is Application as a de-icing or anti-icing treatment for aircraft or other large equipment or structures. The ice removal treatment according to any one of claims 1 to 16, comprising: