JPS63501204A - wing sail system - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] wing sail system This invention relates to aerofoils, particularly wing sail aerofoils. It is.

The wing sail system according to the present invention is rotatably mounted around a vertical axis. It is an automatic setting type. Its wing sail system leads An element and its successor element, or a flag located immediately after the leading element. It is configured so that it can rotate in each direction so that each of the top and bottom can take a curved shape. It is. The moment exerted on the flap hinge by the airflow is quite large, and each If it maintains its warped shape, it will encounter considerable resistance. flap drive When using hydraulic rams for moving and maintaining their position, the expected maximum It is necessary to use a ram large enough to counteract the moment. rocking de A vise is used to assist the ram when the flaps are at maximum deflection.

This hydraulic ram should be large enough for flap deflection in high winds. be.

Aircraft flaps have rails and fixed rotation axes to solve many similar problems However, this method cannot be applied to the wing sail system. Difficult, because unlike aircraft flaps, these flaps steer the course. This is because it must be possible to deflect in both directions.

One of the features of this invention is that it is aimed at a means to assist in the deflection operation of the flap. Ru.

Another feature of this invention is that the wing sail has a leading aerofoil. a self-adjusting sail comprising: a trailing aerofoil; and an adjusting aerofoil. It must be equipped with a set of operating means, and also change the flap in a specific direction. , the force that moves the flaps in the above direction, and also the sail of the adjuster. Setting the posture of the set Adjuster and tip are provided so that the position of the device can be adjusted using the force of closing the lid. Equipped with a procedure that allows adjustment of the angle with the guiding airfoil.

The force is a force in the opposite direction that tends to favor movement of the flap in a particular direction.

The present invention also provides a system for controlling flap operation in an automatic posture adjustment device. Regarding.

Multi-element wing set with leading element and trailing flap element It is proposed to position the slats at the trailing edge of the leading element in the The slats widen towards the tip edge of the flap, and the It is formed from straight nozzles located at offset positions on the wrap. Which The leading element and trailing element are designed so that the flaps can be operated even on a different course. It has a pivoting slat that passes through the gap between.

If you connect the slats and flaps with cables, you can increase flexibility. In addition, the slats may be subject to excessive wear and damage during mounting. It has the advantage that it does not get tangled.

Another feature of this invention is to increase the durability of cable connections and other equipment. and to facilitate the passage of the slats beyond the leading edge of the flap. It was pointed to.

Sailsets according to the invention are generally multi-element, multi-winged. That is, , with multiple main thrust wings. One of its thrust wings is a small Consists of at least two aerofoil elements. Usually the leading element consists of a front flap and a trailing flap element. Those thrust wings are The attitude is adjusted by adjusting aerofoils such as:

For example, it is often required to remain stationary due to downdrafts. The airflow While stationary and in a eddy or rough place, the result is that it is thrown up onto the surface of the water; Additionally, the effectiveness of attitude control of the thrust wing in a stationary state is lost.

Another feature of this invention is that recovery is reliably achieved when an unstable state occurs. That's what I'm aiming for.

Therefore, this invention is equipped with a wing sail system consisting of multiple wings. each wing has a leading element and a deflection relative to this leading element. a trailing flap that can be The spacing is maintained to be less than the space between their leading edges.

This invention also provides a method for stopping a wing sail system consisting of multiple wings. comprising a stage, each wing deflecting relative to a leading element and the leading element; and a trailing flap, each means having a respective downwind flap. To stop faster, each flap is larger than the one on the windward side. means to deflect the flap on the leeward side of the

In a wing sail system consisting of multi-element wings, one of the Elements are deflected in conjunction with others. From a straight line on the center, it Generally required to be a movable element that can be deflected in each direction. It will be done. Wing sails are usually designed to have the same performance when turning to starboard and turning to port. and for this purpose are arranged to be supported in symmetrical positions.

This invention also. A system that deflects a movable aerofoil at the same speed in each direction. The aim is to propose a system and a double safety system for the operation of the aerofoil. The aim is to provide the system.

The invention further provides a wing sail deflector comprising at least two hydraulic cylinders. provide the system.

The two cylinders have an inward stroke movement of the first cylinder and an inward stroke movement of the second cylinder. They are coordinated to move in synchronization with the outward stroke movement of the da.

For this purpose, the liquid is supplied to the rond side of one cylinder and the piston of the other cylinder. The liquid supply to the main side is coordinated so that it is synchronized with the liquid supply to the main side.

Brief description of the drawing Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the hinge moment of a pair of wing sails, Figure 2 shows all Schematic diagram of a self-adjusting wing sail with in-line aerofoils. , Figure 3 is a diagram of the pinlock in the hydraulic state, Figures 4 to 6 are illustrations of the flap deflection. Schematic diagram of a self-adjusting wing sail mounted in the attitude adjustment position, Figure 7. Schematic diagram of an automatically adjustable wing sail with adjustable wings for maintenance, Figure 8 Figure 9 is a flow diagram of the control system for changing the forward port side opening. Showing a chain element wing sail.

Figure 1O shows the multi-element wing sail during forward starboard opening; Figure 1 shows the position changed from port side open to starboard side forward. Figure 12 is the wing Figure 13, which shows how to attach the cable to the sail, shows details of how the cable is fixed. show. Figure 14 shows details of the state in which the cable is attached to the rear edge of the slat. Figure 5 shows details of how the cable is attached to the flap. Figure 16 is part of Figure 7 Fig. 17 shows a part of the distal edge of the flap, Fig. 18 shows the details of the two Schematic plan views showing the arrangement of sails, Figures 19 and 20, are similar to those in Figure 18. A schematic plan view showing the relative arrangement of sails, FIG. 21 is one of the features of this invention. A schematic plan view of the hydraulic system, Figure 22 is a collection of wing sails in Figure 18. Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of a set of thrust wings, Fig. 24 is a perspective view of the state. Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of a thrust wing arranged in a toe-in manner; 25 is a schematic illustration of the set of wings of FIG. 24 with the wraps deflected; FIG.

detailed description FIG. 1 shows a leading aerofoil 1 and a leading aerofoil 1. Trailing aerofoil flap (trailing a, er@foil fla p) wing sail consisting of 2 and biased when tacking upwind) Shown with the trailing wing flap 2 1 The airflow normally indicated by arrow 3 is replaced by arrow 4 on trailing wing flaps that tend to rotate in the opposite direction from the biased position shown. apply pressure to encourage This movement of the trailing wing flap is caused by a hydraulic ram ( or other devices). When a device such as a pinlock is upwind Sometimes incorporated into hinges to relieve pressure on hydraulic systems However, when moving the trailing wing flap in strong winds, Unless the system is easily stressed and the wind is extremely strong (and therefore uneconomical) may experience excessive pressure before reaching a position where the pin can be inserted.

To reduce pressure on the hydraulic system when trailing wing flaps are biased, automatic A dynamically adjustable wing sail system has been developed. This adjustment system is a flap It has the function of reducing the movement that opposes the moment around the hinge. This automatic adjustment In sailing sails, the sail is constructed using an adjustable wing, preferably a tail mounted above the boom. This adjustment blade is used to adjust the airfoil blade and readjust it when the wind direction changes. The preferred deflection angle (angle of attack) ) is set. Automatic adjustment system reduces flap hinge moments. A method to reduce the It is necessary to tilt the tail as much as possible in the direction you are trying to move. This is the main aero Rotate the foil to greatly reduce drag on the flap or The resistance force can be removed by the force that helps. Thus, the flap is deflected and fixed, and the tail is readjusted to the desired deflection angle.

This series of movements is shown in Figures 4 to 7, and this is first shown in Figure 2. The tail fin 6 and the main wing are aligned, and the aerofoils 1 and 2 are also aligned. Start by facing the direction of the wind. Generally, the wings are arranged in parallel and the tail The wings are connected to rotate as a single device, each of its flaps They are linked together so that they work together. The device that moves the flap is shown in Figure 2. , installed on the stay connected to the wing by a hydraulic ram 5 installed on the wing spar 7 I get kicked.

In Figure 4, the tail is biased as much as possible in one direction (downward as shown in the figure), and this tail is affected by the wind. As shown in Figure 5, the main wing system is Rotate around an axis. Then, with the help of the wind, flap 2 moves downward as shown in Figure 6. When this deviation reaches its maximum, flap 2 is fixed in that position. the moving mechanism is released from pressure. Figure 7 shows the main wing with the desired bias. The empennage is shown mounted at different angles to adjust the orientation angle.

For reverse tacking, just repeat the same steps in the opposite direction. .

Preferably, the sailing conditions are monitored and controlled by a microprocessor. control system, it is necessary to change the bow (ca + nbe r) (e.g. tack). ). Figure 8 shows the tacking control system. In drawing 0, which is a simplified flow diagram for the purpose of but in practical cases it is better to treat these separately, ″lock tail The question “is taillook out” and this 1' Following the affirmation of 1', the command ``movetail'' (5) and “is flap 1ook o?” ut”) and “Move the flap” as a response to each of these questions. (“move flap”) is performed in two parts.

Figures 9 and 10 show the leading element 1 and the flaps forming the wing sail. 2. The relative arrangement of the slats 23 when opening on the port side and opening on the starboard side is shown. There is. A similar sail set, but with the boat turned 180 degrees. As shown in Figure 0, the arrangement corresponds to starboard opening and port opening in astern. The element is a fixed symmetrical vertical air loft that can be rotated around a vertical axis. It is a sail in the form of a foil. Also the subsequent elements and flap 2.

The air deflection slats can also be similar or fixed aerofoils. A good general arrangement is shown in European Patent Specification No. 0062191. What you have is also good.

In FIG. 11, when the flap 2 passes through the center position, the slat 23 It can be seen that it is pressed against the leading edge of the cup. No. This position, shown in Figure 11, is the forward port side of Figure 9 prior to the starboard opening of Figure 10. This is the position taken when the flap is centered by opening. Slat 23 In this case, the deviation of flap 2 becomes large, and the distance between element 1 and the flap becomes slippery. The flap is kept pressed until it is wide enough to allow the passage of the flap. This is wind pressure This is achieved by a centering spring. Slat 23 becomes It is made as long as possible, and the exchange of the sides of the slats maximizes the deviation of the flap. done just before The cable 24 has a predetermined length and has a desired nozzle shape. I am doing it.

Cable 24 is connected to the trailing edge of the slat by means of electric wheels or similar devices. g edge) and the front edge of the flap (for example, Fig. 12). (as shown in ″), the cable is resistant to friction and snags during tacking. Furthermore, the mounting of the cable 24 prevents the passage of the slats. .

A preferred example of the cable of the present invention is shown in FIG. stainless steel and plastic This cable is fitted with a solid stop at the end of the slat at position 25. (solid th-imble) It is connected to 26 with a swage closure, and it is It is swaged to a special part 28 attached to the flap at position 27.

Preferably, the slats are metal products with riveted or welded trailing edges; A portion 29 in FIG. 14 is usually cut out. This cut out A pivot 30 is passed through the portion and fixed with a side plate 31. The stopper 26 has There is an opening 32 in its central part, which is located between the spring washers 32. The pivot pin 30 will pass through it. Pivot pins on two wheels 33 are inserted through them, one on each side of the fastener. Also, the wheel rim , protruding to the outside of the trailing edge of the slat.

At the opposite end of the cable 24, it is important to have a gentle contact with the flap surface. It is. Plate 34, which is part of the part (28) shown in detail in FIG. The curvature of matches the curvature of the leading edge of the flap. Moreover, the leading edge of the flap There is an indentation so that the tip makes good contact with the rest of the flap surface. play The central portion of the plate has a recess with substantially planar upper and lower surfaces; The inward curvature of the sides of 7 and 38 when viewed from above has a "rubber" shape. . The distance between the upper surface and the lower surface is slightly larger than the thickness of the cable 24 including its covering. Curves 37 and 38 are the minimum radius of curvature that can suppress stainless steel cables. This will give you a larger radius. At the inward (narrow) end of this recess has a cylindrical part to hold the cable, but this recess is not suitable for swaging. If the swage is made of material, the 39 separate parts should be swaged as shown in Figure 15. You can also make a dent in this shape separately from the plate and use it as a template later. It may also be attached to the seat.

A modified version of the plate and the concave shape is shown in Figure 16, which is a device. a curved part 37a which is driven into the plate and installed on the swage at the end of the cable; 38a is molded. To make these installations easier.

In some cases, a recess is created along the swage. This is the curvature of the plate It is curved to cover the area, fastened with metal fittings, and fixed by welding or brazing. This curved part The leading edge of the flap is recessed (Figure 17) for better adjustment of the The curved structure is used to prevent water from entering the flap, which can cause If used, this is highly preferred. In these cases, the plate or flap It is applied to the areas freed up for water distribution.

During operation, the flap end of the cable is securely fixed and the 37 or 38 Although it is possible that the cable may be in a relative position with the cable hanging on one of the surfaces, , the curvature is not too great, the leading edge of the flap is designed to eliminate the protrusion of the cable. When the slats move from side to side, they always move smoothly. Minimize interference. A wheel attached to the trailing edge of the slat is placed on the flap surface. Rolls on top to reduce friction and ease passage of the slats over the surface of the trailing edge of the flap do. At the slat side end of the cable, a convergent cut end (solid 5tube) ) with a hollow stopper (i.e., a loop fitting) whose opening is filled with the above-mentioned stopper. It can be used in place of a space washer, in which case the cut end is attached to the space washer. integrally formed in one or both.

The purpose of a solid or filled stop is to allow movement of the pivot pin. This is of course due to the pivot pin rather than the stopper. This is done through changes.

Figure 18 shows a wing sail consisting of a leading element 1 and a trailing flap 2. It is shown. The flap 2 is placed in the position shown in FIGS. 19 and 20. , it can also be biased around the axis. This bias is caused by connecting liquid cylinders such as hydraulic rams. controlled by the system that connects it. The problem with using a hydraulic ram is that the ram Dimensions of the head of the piston by the hydraulic fluid during the inward stroke of the cylinder and that the hydraulic fluid reacts during the outward stroke of the ram. Annular whose working part is defined by the outer circumference of the piston head and the outer circumference of the ram and therefore, for a given ratio of flow rate, the extrusion speed and pull There is a difference in return speed, which is affected by whether the direction of the ram's stroke is inward or outward. This will result in an imbalance in the ratio of bias that is generated.

In Figure 21, two cylinders are used to equalize the speed of deviation in each direction. A system is shown that also serves as a safety device. 43 and 44-2 Two hydraulic cylinders are installed symmetrically on the opposite side of flap 2, and Lines 45 and 46 are the pump and tank lines for hydraulic fluid, respectively. Showing in. The pump line branches into two, 47 and 48, and each line Continue to valve 49. Of the branched lines, 47 lines are the annular of the hydraulic cylinder 43. On the water side, line 48 connects to the full pore side of hydraulic cylinder 44. of the tank The line also branches into two, 50 and 51, and each goes through valve 49. Connected to the full pore side of the pressure cylinder 43 and the 7 neurus side of the hydraulic cylinder 44. ing.

Thus, when the spool valve 52 is set to drain pressure , pressure is applied to the full pore side of the cylinder 44 and the annulus side of the cylinder 43. , on the other hand, the hydraulic fluid is supplied to the full pore side of the cylinder 43 and the annular side of the cylinder 44. from the tank to the tank. This allows the flap to The cylinder moves in a certain direction at a fixed speed by interlocking with a, and the cylinder moves in the opposite direction. The flaps move in the opposite direction at the same speed due to the interlocking.

The valve 49 is a device that responds sharply to the flow rate, and if the flow rate exceeds a predetermined amount. (e.g. due to a pipe bursting) are designed to close. valve 4 If one of the 9 is closed, the flaps will continue to move, but the power supply will be Since it only comes from the other cylinder, the speed decreases.

The two cylinders can also be repositioned perpendicularly to each other. parable For example, in a mechanism such as that shown in Figure 22, one of the cylinders (not shown) is It can also be mounted on one of the hinge assemblies shown in position Example 53. like this When using two or more pairs of cylinders, arrange them alternately or use hinges. It is sufficient to place one pair at each assembly position. The load at the time of imbalance is Linder will share according to the ratio of full pore to annulus, and the imbalance will be It is distributed according to the torsional stiffness of the wrap. This mechanism is a multi-element Although detailed in relation to wind sails, similar configurations can be applied to wind sail systems. Other aerofoil grooves, such as the tail adjustment device shown in Figure 23. It could also be used to bias the position.

FIG. 23 illustrates a twin plane of propulsion blades. Each propulsion blade , consisting of a leading element 1 and a trailing flap 2. Flap 2 is The axis 54 at the center chord of each leading element is It can be rotated around the center. Each flap then has a leading element It can be biased horizontally with both sides of itself. The spacing of the leading elements is vertical. It is fixed and maintained in the channel connecting the two leading elements at a directional spacing. this The leading elements are kept parallel to each other.

The deflection of these flaps is done by a control system that includes a liquid cylinder. . Each flap has its own liquid cylinder or one is moved by the cylinder and the other flaps follow as slave controls. Either they are interconnected.

The latter device is powered by a central flap (or a pair of flaps). , for systems with three or more zeta wings so that the outer flap is a subordinate control device. more suitable.

In either case, the operation of such wing systems typically involves a series of flaps. movement is required, which means that the matching of the flap movements is due to physical coupling. Well, it doesn't matter whether it's due to the control mechanism or not.

The natural combination is one in which the flaps are kept parallel to each other and therefore The curvature obtained from the conducting element and its flap is the same. However, flat A method of combining flaps other than rows has also been proposed. In this proposal, Figure 24 The position shown is taken in a symmetrical position, with the trailing edge of the flap at the spacing between the leading edges. slightly narrower than the

This combination is called "twin." Toe-in when in symmetrical position The effect is that once the flaps are biased as shown in Figure 25, the flaps on the leeward side are If the flap is biased at a larger angle than the upper flap and starts to stop in this way, the leeward wing will The wing first stops at a deeper angle than the upwind wing. The degree of toe-in is Determine the difference in the angle of the flaps, preferably the difference in angle between adjacent flaps is about 2″ .

In three-wing systems, the central flap remains parallel to the leading element. So, when the outside flap is toe-in at a symmetrical position and is biased, for example, +38@ , +40°.

The angle is +42@, and when you turn it in the opposite direction, it becomes -38', -40@, –48” angle. For relative placement of four or more flaps, multiple wing The pairs have different toe-in degrees to maintain downwind motion even in deep lulls. shall be taken.

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Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A wing sail system with multiple wings, each with a can be deflected with respect to the leading element and with respect to this leading element. a trailing flap, and a space between the trailing edges of a pair of trailing flaps. spaces are kept smaller than their leading edge spaces. 2. Includes auto-setting and adjusting aerofoils, and also allows for direction-specific flanging. force to counteract the movement of the flaps, to allow the flaps to move in the above direction, and to adjustment device to position the system to set the attitude of the cut. as claimed in claim 1, comprising a device for adjusting the angle between the leading element and the leading element. system. 3. Claimed comprising a device for fixing the flap after said action for said deflection. A system according to scope 2. 4. Each of the above for operating the flaps in relation to the respective leading element. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inward stroke of the first cylinder at least two coupled movements and outward stroke movements of the second cylinder; Hydraulic cylinders are provided, with the liquid supply to the rod side of one cylinder and the other cylinder Both cylinders are connected to synchronize the liquid supply to the piston side of the cylinder. . 5. Each cylinder has a bar connecting each of their inner and outer flow passages. These valves are adjusted to close when there is excess flow. The system according to claim 4. 6. It is stopped at the rear end position of the leading element and the flap swings. At least one cable connects the flap to move in response to motion. and a straight nozzle-shaped slat. and the cable allows relative rotation of the cable with respect to the slat. and preferably at least one wheel extending beyond the trailing edge of the slat. ensure that the flaps are fastened to the ing. 7. The cable was curved to match the flap and secured to the distal surface of the flap. Extended through the plate and fastened to a fixed part located within the arc of the plate 7. The system according to claim 6. 8. A wing sail system consisting of multiple wings shall be equipped with means for stopping each wing. The leading element and the leading element can be deflected relative to this leading element. following flaps, and each means moves the respective downwind flap earlier. Deflect each leeward flap larger than each upwind side to stop It is a means to do so. 9. The wing sail has a leading aerofoil, a trailing aerofoil and an adjustment element. means for operating a self-adjusting sail set with arofoil, the operation of which The means is a force that opposes the movement of the flap in a particular direction, a force that moves the flap in the said direction. position the equipment to set the sailset attitude. means for adjusting the angle between the adjusting device and the leading element so that the Ru. 10. Means according to claim 9, for fixing the flap after said deflection operation. . 11. The adjuster is the tail, and when the adjuster is deflected the maximum amount, the flaps are the same. 11. Means according to claim 9 or 10, which is biased in one direction. 12. The wing sail has a leading aerofoil and a trailing aerofoil flash. Control system for self-adjusting sailsets with adjustable aerofoils a force that opposes the movement of the flap in a particular direction; position the equipment to operate the sailset and to set the attitude of the sailset. a device for adjusting the angle between the adjusting device and the leading element so as to align the It is equipped with a 13. Inward stroke movement of the first cylinder and outward of the second cylinder a wing with at least two hydraulic cylinders that coordinate the stroke movements of A sail deflection system comprising a liquid supply to the rod side of one cylinder and a Both cylinders are connected to synchronize the liquid supply to the piston side of the cylinder. ing. 14. Each cylinder connects each of their inner and outer flow paths have valves and these valves are adjusted to close when there is excess flow. 14. The wing sail deflection system according to claim 13.