JPS6348972B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a new chemical fiber or synthetic fiber (hereinafter referred to as "synthetic fiber") staple, and more specifically, it has an extremely fine uneven structure on its surface, has a texture and gloss close to that of natural fiber, and is easy to use in the spinning process. This invention relates to raw materials for spinning (staples and slivers) that can exhibit good process passability. Synthetic fibers have been around for a long time, but when looking at their spinnability, various improvements have been made to improve the entanglement, smoothness, and antistatic properties of the fiber aggregate through the design of oil agents, densification, etc. However, there are still many problems such as roller wrapping, coiler tube clogging, and occurrence of fluff. Furthermore, the productivity (for example, spindle rotation speed in the spinning process) when using 100% synthetic fibers is lower than when mixing and spinning with natural fibers. For example, if we compare spinning of 100% polyester and blended spinning of polyester and cotton, the latter can increase the spinning speed to 15,000 to 16,000 rpm, while the former can speed up to 12,000 to 16,000 rpm.
The limit is around 13000rpm. Next, products made of synthetic fibers have particularly excellent functionality, with good pleatability, pleat retention, and wrinkle resistance, as well as excellent wash-and-wear properties and durability. However, there are various characteristics required in the field of high-end clothing, such as tension and texture.
In many cases, they are not as good as natural fibers in terms of waist, repulsion, texture (softness, suppleness, volume, etc.), and color luster. Therefore, in practice, methods such as blending, twisting, and weaving with natural fibers have been taken. There are various possible reasons for the inferior properties compared to these natural fibers, but one of them is:
In particular, it can be said that the uniformity and regularity of synthetic fibers in the fiber axis direction have a large influence. In other words, natural fibers have irregular shapes in the fiber axis direction, such as the scales of wool, the natural twist of cotton, or the twists of silk, and these have the unique wind of the fiber. It is thought that this contributes to the improvement of the spinnability, and furthermore, it is presumed that it acts to maintain good spinnability. Based on the above-mentioned concept, the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to obtain an excellent spinning material, and as a result, they have obtained a spinning material having the following constituent requirements. That is, the present invention is a short fiber staple made of synthetic fibers, preferably cut into a certain length, and which has 300 to 300 indentations on an unspecified surface in the length direction of the short fibers.
It is characterized by having an uneven structure based on 3000 minute indentations per inch, and also having a minute twist (crimp-like) part based on the indentations. Here, the fine twist mentioned above is preferably 100
The more irregular and complex the shape is, the more suitable it is. In addition, other spinning raw materials according to the present invention include the above-mentioned short fiber staple according to the present invention, cotton, wool,
It is a raw material for spinning characterized by being made by blending natural fibers such as hemp. These will be explained in detail below. The synthetic fibers according to the present invention may be any of recycled fibers such as rayon, semi-synthetic fibers such as acetate and triacetate, and synthetic fibers such as polyamide, polyester and acrylonitrile fibers.
Although it is possible to apply crimp, which is generally applied for spinning, before cutting into staple fibers, according to the present invention, even fibers with almost no crimp can be applied to spinning. The denier of the above-mentioned short fibers can vary from ultra-fine denier of around 0.4d to thick denier of around 18d.
In particular, in the case of a fine denier, it can exhibit its characteristics as having a large number of fine indentations. The fiber length can be set in various ways from 32 mm to 150 mm, which is the average fiber length used for spinning, but according to the present invention, the cut length, which has been generally designed to some extent, can be set from the denier of single fibers. For example, it is possible to spin thick denier and short cut length, or fine denier and long cut length, making it possible to select an extremely wide range of fineness and fiber length. . Now, the fiber morphology according to the present invention is composed of irregular fine unevenness indentation in the fiber axis direction and twist based on this. The single fibers constituting the fiber group are mutually arranged in a very random manner, a large number of intersecting and intersecting parts are generated between the single fibers, and then the intersecting parts are pressed with one or more pairs of hard rollers made of metal or the like, Shaping is performed by compression and shear force between fibers. More specifically, to describe the method for producing short fiber staples according to the present invention, first, in the case of synthetic fibers, a spun and drawn tow-like material is cut into short fiber pieces, and the short fiber pieces are sufficiently divided into aggregates. , the fibers are opened, and the directionality of the constituent single fibers is made random, and the single fibers are arranged so as to intertwine with each other. Next, a web-like fiber bundle 28 as shown in FIG. 4 is deposited on a feed device comprising a feed roller 29, an apron-like endless band 30, and a suction pipe 31. 33 and 3
4,35. The above-mentioned inter-fiber intersections are pressed against each other by the hard roller portion, and an extremely large number of impressions are generated. As another method, the web-like fiber bundle 28
The fibers may be supplied to a carding machine in the spinning process, sufficiently opened under carding action, and then supplied to the hard roller. Now, although some examples of the fiber form during the above-mentioned pressing are shown in FIG. 1, there are many forms. For example, in the case of figure A, fiber 1 and fiber 2 form a certain angle and a
In the case of the figure B, the fiber 3 itself is twisted at point b, and intersected again with the same fiber at point c. In this case, indentations are added to both the twist point b and the intersection point c. In the case of diagrams H to H, loop-shaped single fibers 4, 5, and 6 intersect at points d, f, and i, and the fiber piece itself has intersecting points other than these intersecting points. Deformation strain will be applied to point, g point, and h point. In reality, the short fibers are intersected and pressed in a complicated manner under various deformations and twists shown in the model. An example of an actual indentation form is shown in FIG. That is, Figure A in Figure 2 is a front view, and Figure B is a cross-sectional view of Figure A viewed from the side. and 11, 11', and 10, 10', which is deeply recessed in the shape of an angular groove, and 12, 1, which is shallowly recessed.
2' etc. are constructed. The number of these impressions is
The effect of the present invention can be exhibited by setting the number of indentations in the range of 300 to 3000 indentations/in, but the number of indentations cannot be measured using a general optical microscope or scanning electron microscope.
A certain number of indentations are photographed at a magnification of about 100 to 400 times, and the number of impressions that can be determined on the photograph is expressed as an average value per inch. Next, examples of fine twisting based on the above-mentioned indentation are shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. As mentioned earlier, the constituent single fibers in the fiber group when intersecting short fibers are not only straight, but also curled, twisted, looped, etc., and the indentation is applied to the fiber axis. There is a probability that there will be a twisting state at the same time as objects with various angles. In addition, in areas where excessive pressing force is applied, indentations are generated due to the shearing force and compressive force caused by the excessive pressing force, and the opposite side of the indentation and its vicinity become protrusions and form fine twists. do. In FIG. 3A, for example, twisting j occurs in the impression portion 14 of the short fiber piece 13, and twisting k occurs in the impression portions 16 and 17. The other impression parts 15 and 18 are not directly involved in the generation of the torsions j and k. In addition, in the short fiber piece 19 shown in Figure B, the streak-like impressions are quite uniform and perpendicular to the fiber axis, but due to the strength and weakness of the impressions, twists l, 23, 24 at points 20 and 21 are formed. Twisted at the points m, 26, 27
Each twist of n occurs at the location. It can be said that the other indentations 22, 25, etc. have a small degree of involvement in the generation of twisting. As mentioned above, the frequency of occurrence of twisting has a great influence on spinning properties and product properties, and is at least 100 pieces/in.
It is important that there be at least 200 pieces/in (preferably 200 pieces/in or more). The torsion is measured as in the case of the indentation mentioned above.
A photograph is taken using a general optical microscope or a scanning electron microscope, and the eccentricity of the short fiber pieces with respect to the fiber axis is read and expressed as an average number per inch. If the number of indentations and the degree of twist do not satisfy the above-mentioned ranges, the effect of improving spinnability and the effect in the product characteristic diagram described below will be sharply impaired. Next, the effects obtained by the present invention will be explained. First of all, since the short synthetic fiber staple according to the present invention has a large number of extremely fine indentations formed on its surface as described above, it has particularly high frictional characteristics such as the coefficient of friction between fibers (hereinafter referred to as μf). It is possible to significantly increase the coefficient of friction between the fiber and the metal (hereinafter referred to as μm). These are explained below using experimental data on polyester fiber ("Tetron", 1.25d, 44mm cut length). If the above static friction coefficients μf and μm are respectively μfs and μms, the values measured by the Ro¨der method (JIS-L-1074 test method) are as shown in Table 1 before and after the indentation treatment of the present invention. be. For reference, the measured values for cotton are also listed.

[Table] As is clear from Table 1, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain extremely high μfs values and low μms values, and the entanglement properties of fiber bundle aggregates, especially as sliver-like materials, are improved. , the smoothness is improved with respect to metals. The μfs value is significantly higher than that of the comparative cotton, which is advantageous in terms of improving the lack of entanglement of conventional cotton. Furthermore, the μms value is close to that of cotton, and it is possible to easily achieve a reduction in friction against metal, which has been difficult to achieve with polyester fibers. Here, due to the significant improvement in the μfs value mentioned above,
It has been confirmed that there are no concerns about deterioration of drafting properties in spinning or other processes. That is, the increase in the μfs value of the present invention is particularly due to the effect of the surface morphology due to extremely fine surface irregularities/indentations, and during drafting, slipping between fibers occurs extremely smoothly on these fine irregularities. Therefore, the sticks and slips between fibers during drafting in each of the above steps are extremely small, and no draft defects or uneven slivers occur. Due to the above frictional characteristics, it is possible to significantly increase μfs, significantly reduce roller wrapping in each process of drawing, roving, and spinning, and reduce the amount of fluff generated. . Furthermore, by improving the convergence of the fiber bundle by increasing the entanglement property, it is possible to reduce looseness in each step of roving and spinning, and it is possible to improve productivity. Furthermore, by making it possible to significantly reduce the μms value, it is possible to solve the problem of coiler tube clogging in the spinning process and to increase the spindle rotation speed in the spinning process, thereby improving productivity. Next, according to the present invention, by creating a large number of twisted fine surface irregularities in an appropriate range, voids between fibers are effectively formed within the fiber bundle, and the effect of the voids improves bulkiness in the state of yarn and fabric. to a high degree,
In terms of texture, it has good drape, volume, tension/waist, and repulsion. In addition, the impressions and twisting of the surface irregularities make the surface of the fabric mildly glossy, and a luxurious color tone can be obtained. Furthermore, since the above-mentioned frictional characteristic values can be easily obtained, the friction against metal is low and the friction between fibers is high, so there is strong resistance to external force in the form of ironing, which is useful in the spinning and weaving processes. The occurrence of neps is suppressed as much as possible, and the surface uniformity of the final fabric is improved.
Good quality can be achieved. The staple of the present invention does not necessarily have to be 100% sliver or spun yarn, but according to the findings of the present inventors, the above-mentioned effects can be achieved by using a sliver containing 40% by weight or more of the staple. This results in good spinning performance. Furthermore, even when the staple is blended with natural fibers such as cotton, wool, hemp, etc., a good product with high added value and good spinnability can be obtained. In particular, the staples and slivers of the present invention have been carefully considered to approximate natural fibers in form as described above, and their compatibility with natural fibers has been greatly improved. Therefore, for example, when mixed with cotton, it has a luxurious texture that is much more cotton-like than conventional ones, and when mixed with wool and linen, it has changed from the conventional one that only added functionality to synthetic fibers. According to the invention, it can be used extremely effectively in terms of texture, making full use of the characteristics of wool and linen, complementing them, and eliminating the insufficient characteristics of natural fibers. Examples will be described below. Example 1 Polyester bright type short fiber staples of 1.5 d and 44 mm were sufficiently opened and separated, and after being given a carding effect by a carding machine, a sliver-like fiber bundle was made into a fourth fiber bundle with a thickness of 3.5 g/m. Supply the device shown in the figure,
Surface indentation processing was performed. Rollers 31, 32
The pressure was 800 kg, and the rollers 33 and 34 were pressurized with 600 kg, and the spinning speed of the rollers 33 and 34 was 30 m/min. Constituent single fiber bundle N of spun sliver bundle 37
= 40 (book) was observed with a microscope, and it was confirmed that the target indentation was almost achieved, and a photograph was taken to investigate the surface morphology. The staple has a fine indentation number of approximately 1,210 indentations/in on average, and approximately 420 indentations/in.
It had a twist of 1/in. Further, when the short fiber pieces were measured for μfs and μms (relative to chromium) using the Ro¨der method, they were 0.441 and 0.235, respectively. Next, a total of two sliver bundles according to the present invention and a sliver bundle without surface impression processing (blank product (comparative product)) for comparison were supplied to a spinning process, and their spinnability was comparatively evaluated. FIG. 5 shows the measured values of the number of times the roller wraps when passing through each process in the drawing process (first process to third process). The sliver thickness was 280 gel/6 yd, the drawing machine used a roller with no surface treatment immediately after polishing, and a forced winding test was conducted without using a clearer. As is clear from FIG. 5, compared to the blank product, the sliver according to the present invention has a particularly remarkable effect of reducing winding troubles even though the number of drawing steps increases. In addition, Figure 6 shows the frequency of occurrence of yarn breakage when the spindle rotation speed was forcibly increased from 15,000 rpm to 18,000 rpm in a spinning machine, the spinning number was 60S, and the twist coefficient K was 3.1. This is a comparative evaluation with a blank product. As is clear from the figure, the product of the present invention obtained extremely better results. Next, the 60S spun yarn was woven (texture: plain weave lawn, density: 115 vertical yarns/in, horizontal 104 yarns/in), and after dyeing and finishing, the fabric properties were compared. The fabric using the sliver according to the present invention had particularly good surface uniformity, few iron-like neps, and had a mild, silk-like luster, giving it a luxurious feel. The ones that were not subjected to indentation processing were used for comparison.
The surface quality is poor as there are many scratchy neps.
In addition, the product of the present invention had excellent drapability, was extremely soft, and had firmness and elasticity. Example 2 Polyester staples 2d, 51mm, acrylic staples 2d, 51mm, rayon staples (semi-dull) 2d, 51mm, and nylon 2.2d, 51mm were subjected to surface indentation processing under the same conditions as Example 1, and the spinning count was 36S. (Twist coefficient K=3.0) spun yarn was produced. In addition, for comparison, similar spun yarns were also manufactured from yarns that were not subjected to surface impression imparting processing. Next, these spun yarns were woven and the occurrence of strained neps was investigated. Table 2 shows the presence or absence of surface indentation processing and friction characteristics for each of the staple materials mentioned above. In particular, according to the present invention, with respect to the values of μfs and μms, either one of the following equations (1) and (2) It was confirmed that it is easy to satisfy both conditions, and that the effect of improving the straining strain can be obtained by satisfying either one of them. In addition, it was found that when both conditions are satisfied, the effect is significant and glue-free weaving is also fully possible. μfs≧0.38 …(1) μms≦0.25 …(2)

【table】 [Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a model diagram showing an example of the intertwined state of short fibers according to the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are side views and partial sectional views showing examples of the indentation form of the present invention, respectively. Fourth
The figures are process schematic diagrams showing a specific manufacturing method for obtaining the staple or sliver of the present invention, Figures 5 and 6.
The figure is a graph showing the effects of the present invention as spinnability data as a specific example. Description of main parts, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12: fine impression, 32, 33, 34, 35... hard roller, j, k, l, m, n: twist.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A short fiber staple made of synthetic fiber,
The number of indentations is 300 on the unspecified surface of the short fiber in the length direction.
A staple for spinning, characterized in that it has a fine uneven structure of ~3000/in and also has a fine twist part based on the indentation. 2 A short fiber staple made of synthetic fiber,
The number of indentations is 300 on the unspecified surface of the short fiber in the length direction.
It is characterized by being made by blending a staple that has ~3000 pieces/in of fine uneven structures and also has fine twisting parts based on the impressions with natural fibers such as cotton, wool, and hemp. raw material for spinning.