JPS6339749A - Cutting method for ceramic - Google Patents
Cutting method for ceramicInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6339749A JPS6339749A JP18168786A JP18168786A JPS6339749A JP S6339749 A JPS6339749 A JP S6339749A JP 18168786 A JP18168786 A JP 18168786A JP 18168786 A JP18168786 A JP 18168786A JP S6339749 A JPS6339749 A JP S6339749A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- single crystal
- cutting
- diamond
- ceramic
- faces
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241001424392 Lucia limbaria Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000029152 Small face Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/18—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with cutting bits or tips or cutting inserts rigidly mounted, e.g. by brazing
- B23B27/20—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with cutting bits or tips or cutting inserts rigidly mounted, e.g. by brazing with diamond bits or cutting inserts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Turning (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〈産業上の利用分野〉
この発明はセラミックの切削加工方法に関するものであ
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a ceramic cutting method.
〈従来の技術とその問題点〉
セラミックは構造部品として、あるいはエレクトロニク
ス部品として、さらにはその他の用途分野で今後ますま
す多く使われようとしている。このセラミックを用いて
厳しい寸法精度を焼成のままで得ることは難しいので、
寸法精度に対する要求が厳しい時には何らかの後加工が
必要である。<Conventional technology and its problems> Ceramics are expected to be used more and more in the future as structural parts, electronic parts, and other application fields. It is difficult to obtain strict dimensional accuracy using this ceramic as it is fired, so
When the requirements for dimensional accuracy are severe, some kind of post-processing is necessary.
現在そのような後加工としては専ら研削加工が実施され
ているが、作業能率、コストなどの点で種々の問題点が
指摘されている。Currently, grinding is carried out exclusively as such post-processing, but various problems have been pointed out in terms of work efficiency, cost, etc.
しかして、研削加工を切削加工に置きかえるならば、上
記の問題点は大幅に改善されるため、切削加工が望まれ
ているが、現実には十分な寿命を示す切削刃具が得られ
ていない。However, if the grinding process is replaced with a cutting process, the above-mentioned problems will be greatly improved, and thus a cutting process is desired, but in reality, a cutting tool with a sufficient lifespan has not been obtained.
セラミックは高硬度であるので、これを切削加工する刃
具材料としては、硬度がセラミックより高いダイヤモン
ドがまず考えられる。そしてこのダイヤモンドとしては
２種類が考えられる。その一つは単結晶ダイヤモンドで
ある。Since ceramic has high hardness, diamond, which has a higher hardness than ceramic, is the most likely material for cutting tools. There are two possible types of diamonds. One of them is single crystal diamond.
たしかに単結晶ダイヤモンドを使用すると、セラミック
の切削は可能である。しかし、非常にチッピングしやす
くこのため断続切削はまず不可能である。It is certainly possible to cut ceramics using single crystal diamond. However, it is highly susceptible to chipping, which makes interrupted cutting almost impossible.
また、十分大きな切込みや送りをとることができないの
で実用的に使用されるまでには至っていない。他方、ダ
イヤモンド焼結体ではチッピングの間Ｂは大幅に改善さ
れるが、コバルトを代表とする結合金属を含有するため
に刃先温度が上ると、この結合金属がダイヤモンドから
の黒鉛化を促進することや、結合金属とダイヤモンドと
の熱膨張係数の差が大きいことに起因するマイクロクラ
ックの発生などにより、その工具寿命が低下し、実用的
な条件下で切削加工することが困難である。In addition, it has not been put to practical use because it is not possible to make a sufficiently large depth of cut or feed. On the other hand, with diamond sintered bodies, B is greatly improved during chipping, but when the temperature of the cutting edge increases because it contains a bonding metal, typically cobalt, this bonding metal promotes graphitization from the diamond. Also, the tool life is reduced due to the occurrence of microcracks due to the large difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the bonding metal and the diamond, making it difficult to perform cutting under practical conditions.
さらに重要なことは、単結晶ダイヤモンドにしても焼結
体にしても非常な難研削材であるので工具をへロエする
費用は穫めて高く、このことも切削加工の普及を阻害し
ている重要要素である。More importantly, both single-crystal diamond and sintered diamond are very difficult to grind, so the cost of grinding tools is extremely high, and this is also hindering the spread of machining. This is an important element.
〈問題点を解決するための手段〉
本発明者はセラミックの切削における上記の問題点を解
決するため種々の検討を加えた結果、この発明に至った
ものである。<Means for Solving the Problems> The present inventor has made various studies to solve the above-mentioned problems in cutting ceramics, and as a result, has arrived at the present invention.
即ち、この発明は単結晶ダイヤモンドを義械的に保持す
ることによって切削工具を構成し、該単結晶ダイヤモン
ドの有する突起を順次刃先とじて使用することを特徴と
するセラミックの切削加工方法を提供するものである。That is, the present invention provides a ceramic cutting method characterized in that a cutting tool is constructed by mechanically holding a single crystal diamond, and the protrusions of the single crystal diamond are sequentially used to close the cutting edge. It is something.
〈作用〉
現在の切削加工工具は、全て一定寸法精度の刃先形状を
もっているが、これは金属切削には必要であっても、セ
ラミックの切削には不必要なのではないかと本発明者は
着眼した。金属切削においては、切削は一種の塑性変形
現象の結果として行なわれる。従って、すくい角とか、
逃げ角とかの刃先の形状、は重要な作用をする。<Function> Current cutting tools all have a cutting edge shape with a certain dimensional accuracy, but the inventor noticed that although this is necessary for cutting metals, it may be unnecessary for cutting ceramics. . In metal cutting, cutting occurs as a result of a kind of plastic deformation phenomenon. Therefore, the rake angle, etc.
The relief angle and the shape of the cutting edge have important effects.
従来セラミック切削に使われた、またはテストされたバ
イトは、全てこの金属切削で培かわれた刃先設計をその
まま踏襲したものであった。All of the cutting tools that have been used or tested for ceramic cutting have followed the same cutting edge design developed for metal cutting.
セラミック切削では、切粉が生成される前に金属の場合
と違って塑性変形は全くといってよい程生じない。高剛
性のものが押しつけられ、これにより被剛材のその部分
が破壊するという機構である。従って、刃具先端は、そ
の先端に接したあるいはその周辺のセラミックが破壊す
る程度に尖っていればよく、金属切削におけるほど尖っ
た刃先を必要としない。In ceramic cutting, unlike in the case of metals, almost no plastic deformation occurs before chips are generated. It is a mechanism in which a highly rigid object is pressed against it, which destroys that part of the rigid material. Therefore, the tip of the cutting tool only needs to be sharp enough to destroy the ceramic in contact with or around the tip, and the cutting edge does not need to be as sharp as in metal cutting.
工作機械の剛性上や被削材の強度上刃具に余りに大きな
荷重はかけられないので、余りに刃先が大きいとその刃
先周辺で破壊が生ぜず、切削も生じない。Due to the rigidity of the machine tool and the strength of the work material, it is not possible to apply too large a load to the cutting tool, so if the cutting edge is too large, no breakage will occur around the cutting edge, and no cutting will occur.
小型種質を用いた実験の結果では刃先半径が１闇以下惟
であれば、充分な切削が行なわれることがわかった。The results of experiments using small-sized seeds have shown that sufficient cutting can be performed if the radius of the cutting edge is 1 mm or less.
単結晶ダイヤモンドで先端半径が１ ｒｔｒｔｎ程度以
下の突起があれば、この全ての突起を刃先とすることが
できる。また、摩耗することによって新たに生ずる突起
も新たな刃先として使用することができる。このことは
刃先の研磨を全く必要としないことを意味し、工具費を
大幅に安価にできることを意味する。If a single crystal diamond has protrusions with a tip radius of about 1 rtrtn or less, all of these protrusions can be used as cutting edges. Furthermore, new protrusions that are formed due to wear can also be used as new cutting edges. This means that there is no need to polish the cutting edge at all, which means that tool costs can be significantly reduced.
一方、天然のダイヤモンドで突起をもっているものは少
ない。これは天然ダイヤモンドは地下１２０〜１３０−
のマグマ中で生成されてから地表まで出てくる訳である
が、この間に溶解作用を受けて、歳も溶けやすい角部や
陵部が消失するためとされている。On the other hand, few natural diamonds have protrusions. This natural diamond is 120-130-
It is said that this is because the horns and ridges, which are easily melted, disappear as a result of the melting process during this time.
この点、合成ダイヤモンドは足高圧プレス中で生成され
るので、地球的尺度でいえば瞬時に冷却されるので明瞭
に角部や陵部を有している。In this regard, synthetic diamonds are produced in a high-pressure press and are instantly cooled on a global scale, so they have distinct corners and ridges.
このため、本発明の目的には天然ダイヤモンドでもよい
が、合成ダイヤモンド単結晶の方が適した素材であると
いうことができる。このほか、切削工具材としてその強
度が高いなどの天然ダイヤモンドよりもすぐれた種々の
特性を有し、形状、大きさも再現性よく製造できるので
この点からも合成ダイヤモンド単結晶はすぐれた切削工
具材料であるといえる。Therefore, although natural diamond may be used for the purpose of the present invention, synthetic diamond single crystal is a more suitable material. In addition, synthetic diamond single crystals have various properties that are superior to natural diamonds, such as high strength, and can be manufactured with good reproducibility in shape and size, making them an excellent cutting tool material. You can say that.
本発明は上記のようなダイヤモンド単結晶の角部や陵部
の如き突起を順次刃先として使用していくことが特徴で
ある。このためダイヤモンド単結晶をろう付けなどの方
法で固定してしまうとそれが難しくなる。The present invention is characterized in that projections such as the corners and ridges of the diamond single crystal as described above are sequentially used as cutting edges. This makes it difficult to fix diamond single crystals using methods such as brazing.
従ってダイヤモンド単結晶を橢械的に保持することが好
ましい。Therefore, it is preferable to mechanically hold the diamond single crystal.
〈実施例〉 以下、この発明を実施例により説明する。<Example> This invention will be explained below with reference to Examples.
実施例１
窒素６０ｐｐｌを含有する合成したままの約３×３Ｘ
１．５ｒＲｍの短面状のダイヤモンド単結晶を用意した
。この単結晶は８面とも（１ｏｏ）面からなり、その隅
部に小さな（１１１）面をもっていた。Example 1 Approximately 3x3X as-synthesized containing 60 ppl nitrogen
A short-sided diamond single crystal of 1.5 rRm was prepared. This single crystal consisted of all eight (1oo) planes, with small (111) planes at the corners.
他方図面に示すような保持具を作製した。この保持具は
シャンク２上に下面の一部に凹部１を設けた固定治具３
をねじ止めできるようにしたものであり、該固定治具３
の凹部１に上記の短冊状のダイヤモンド単結晶をおき、
ねじ穴４にねじを用いて締めつけて保持せしめた。On the other hand, a holder as shown in the drawing was manufactured. This holder is a fixing jig 3 that has a recess 1 in a part of the lower surface on the shank 2.
The fixing jig 3 is designed to be able to be screwed.
Place the above-mentioned strip-shaped diamond single crystal in the recess 1 of the
A screw was used in the screw hole 4 to tighten and hold it.
この際、締めつけをより完全にする目的で厚み０．２ｍ
ｔｎの小銅片を単結晶の周囲に配置した。At this time, the thickness is 0.2m for the purpose of tightening more completely.
Small copper pieces of tn were placed around the single crystal.
かくして臀られた切削工具（バイト）を用い、５％ＳＬ
Ｏｅを含む無孔質アルミナ磁器製の４０ｆｆｉｊｌφ
丸捧を回転数８００回／分で回転させながら切込み０．
５ｓ＋、送り０．１ｚ＃Ｉ／ｒｅｙの条件で切削した。Using the cutting tool (bite) that has been fitted in this way, 5% SL
40ffijlφ made of non-porous alumina porcelain containing Oe
The depth of cut is 0.
Cutting was performed under the conditions of 5s+, feed 0.1z#I/rey.
工具は単結晶の隅が刃先となるよう若干、上下左右に傾
けた。その結果、５００Ｍ位は切削応力の増加なく切削
することができた。そして切れ味の悪くなってた時点で
別の隅部を使い、切削を行なったが同じような切削結果
が得られた。The tool was tilted slightly vertically and horizontally so that the corner of the single crystal became the cutting edge. As a result, it was possible to cut approximately 500M without increasing cutting stress. Then, when the cutting edge became dull, I tried cutting another corner and obtained similar cutting results.
実施例２
市販の黄色と褐色の天然ダイヤモンド単結晶で不完全で
はあるが陵を示しているものを実施例１と同様に保持具
に保持し、３（ｌｕ＋φのジルコニア製丸棒を回転数１
００回／分、切込み０．５ａｍ、送り０．１ｒＲｎ／ｒ
ｅｖで切削した。黄色のものは合成のものと同等の長さ
の切削ができたが、褐色のものは切れ味の悪くなったと
ころで刃先をかえ、３刃先で切削したが、合計で１間し
か切削できなかった。Example 2 A commercially available yellow and brown natural diamond single crystal showing ridges, although imperfect, was held in a holder in the same manner as in Example 1, and a zirconia round rod of 3 (lu + φ) was rotated at a rotation speed of 1.
00 times/min, depth of cut 0.5am, feed 0.1rRn/r
Cut with ev. The yellow one was able to cut the same length as the synthetic one, but the brown one changed its cutting edge when it became dull and was cut with three cutting edges, but could only cut one length in total.
〈発明の効果〉
以上詳述したようにこの発明のセラミック切削加工方法
は単結晶ダイヤモンドを機械的に保持せしめた切削工具
を用い、かつ該単結晶ダイヤモンドの有する突起を１１
１次刃先として使用するため切削効果が非常に大きいこ
とが認められた。<Effects of the Invention> As detailed above, the ceramic cutting method of the present invention uses a cutting tool that mechanically holds a single crystal diamond, and the protrusions of the single crystal diamond are
It was found that the cutting effect was very large because it was used as a primary cutting edge.
図面はこの発明の方法で単結晶ダイヤモンドを機械的保
持する保持具の説明図である。The drawing is an explanatory view of a holder for mechanically holding a single crystal diamond using the method of the present invention.
Claims (2)
して切削工具を構成し、該単結晶ダイヤモンドの有する
突起を順次刃先として使用することを特徴とするセラミ
ックの切削加工方法。(1) A ceramic cutting method characterized in that a cutting tool is constructed by mechanically holding a single crystal diamond on a shank, and protrusions of the single crystal diamond are successively used as cutting edges.
ドであることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の
セラミックの切削加工方法。(2) The ceramic cutting method according to claim 1, wherein the single crystal diamond is natural or synthetic diamond.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18168786A JPS6339749A (en) | 1986-07-31 | 1986-07-31 | Cutting method for ceramic |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18168786A JPS6339749A (en) | 1986-07-31 | 1986-07-31 | Cutting method for ceramic |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6339749A true JPS6339749A (en) | 1988-02-20 |
Family
ID=16105112
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18168786A Pending JPS6339749A (en) | 1986-07-31 | 1986-07-31 | Cutting method for ceramic |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6339749A (en) |
-
1986
- 1986-07-31 JP JP18168786A patent/JPS6339749A/en active Pending
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