EP0220964B1 - Cubic boron nitride abrasive bodies - Google Patents

Cubic boron nitride abrasive bodies Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0220964B1
EP0220964B1 EP86308445A EP86308445A EP0220964B1 EP 0220964 B1 EP0220964 B1 EP 0220964B1 EP 86308445 A EP86308445 A EP 86308445A EP 86308445 A EP86308445 A EP 86308445A EP 0220964 B1 EP0220964 B1 EP 0220964B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool insert
compact
boron nitride
cubic boron
insert according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86308445A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0220964A2 (en
EP0220964A3 (en
Inventor
Cornelius Phaal
John Dodsworth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
De Beers Industrial Diamond Division Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
De Beers Industrial Diamond Division Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by De Beers Industrial Diamond Division Pty Ltd filed Critical De Beers Industrial Diamond Division Pty Ltd
Priority to AT86308445T priority Critical patent/ATE67437T1/en
Publication of EP0220964A2 publication Critical patent/EP0220964A2/en
Publication of EP0220964A3 publication Critical patent/EP0220964A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0220964B1 publication Critical patent/EP0220964B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/14Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
    • B24D3/16Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings for close-grained structure, i.e. of high density
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/007Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent between different parts of an abrasive tool

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cubic boron nitride abrasive bodies.
  • Cubic boron nitride abrasive compacts are known in the art (e.g. EP-A1-0 101 259) and consist of a polycrystalline mass of cubic boron nitride particles present in an amount of at least 70 percent by volume bonded into a hard conglomerate. Such compacts may contain a second phase. When provided, the second phase is typically a ceramic phase. The second phase acts to some extent as a binder phase for the cubic boron nitride particles.
  • One of the most successful cubic boron nitride abrasive compacts presently on the market is one wherein the second phase consists essentially of aluminium nitride and/or aluminium diboride.
  • This compact is sold in the form of large discs which are clamped into a suitable tool holder and used in this manner for abrading various work pieces. A curved edge of the compact is used as the abrading edge.
  • This compact is designed for applications where a high removal rate of workpiece is desired.
  • Abrasive compacts comprising diamond or cBN abrasive particles or a mixture thereof, present in an amount of at least 50 volume percent, bonded into a hard conglomerate by means of a metal are known from US-A-4 063 909. According to this document the compacts are bonded to a support by a layer of high temperature braze with a thickness of less than 0.5 mm.
  • Suitable high temperature braze metals include Ti, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Mn, V, Mo, Ta or Pt or an alloy containing one or more thereof, Ti or Ti-alloys are particularly preferred.
  • a tool insert comprising an abrasive compact comprising a polycrystalline mass of cubic boron nitride particles present in an amount of at least 70 percent by volume and containing substantial direct particle-to-particle bonding and a second phase dispersed through the cubic boron nitride particle mass, the abrasive compact presenting major surfaces on each of opposite sides thereof, the one major surface providing a cutting point for the insert and the other major surface having bonded thereto, and being in direct contact with, a layer of molybdenum of thickness less than 0,5mm, the largest linear dimension of the compact being no more than 10mm.
  • the tool insert of the invention is thus a small cubic boron nitride compact which has a molybdenum layer bonded to one major flat surface thereof. Because of its size, it is not practical to hold the insert mechanically in a suitable tool holder. However, the presence of the molybdenum layer renders the compact brazeable to a tool holder. It is preferable that the compact is first brazed to a cemented carbide support which is then brazed to the tool holder or mechanically held in a tool holder. Cemented carbide has a similar coefficient of thermal expansion to the compact and problems arising due to differences in thermal expansion of the compact and support are minimised.
  • the abrasive compact of the insert preferably has a rectangular, triangular, pentagonal or hexagonal shape.
  • the compact presents several points and it is these points which provide cutting points for the insert.
  • the molybdenum layer is the thin layer, preferably having a thickness in the range 50 to 150 ⁇ m (microns).
  • the layer of molybdenum may have an outer nickel or like metal layer applied to it, that is to say, the layer of molybdenum is in direct contact with the abrasive compact and is between the abrasive compact and the nickel or like metal layer.
  • the cubic boron nitride compact may be any known in the art but is preferably one wherein the second phase contains aluminium nitride and/or aluminium diboride. Second phases of this nature are produced when aluminium is present during manufacture of the compact.
  • One particularly preferred cubic boron nitride of this nature has a second phase which consists essentially of aluminium nitride and/or aluminium diboride.
  • the second phase may also contain other components such as silicon which is either in elemental or combined form.
  • the tool inserts of the invention may be used for a wide variety of applications. They have particular application for light to medium turning, boring, grooving, threading and milling of various steels, irons and alloys such as: Ni-HARD white irons having a hardness of 55 to 58 HRC High chromium irons having a hardness of 55 to 62 HRC Cold work tool steels having a hardness of 60 HRC High speed steels having a hardness of 62 HRC Grey cast irons (pearlitic) having a hardness of 220 HB Sintered irons having a hardness of 100 HB Cobalt-based hard facing alloys Nickel-based hard facing alloys Meehanite white irons having a hardness of 55 HRC
  • cubic boron nitride abrasive compact will be brazed to a cemented carbide support, preferably a cemented tungsten carbide support, by means of the readily brazeable molybdenum layer and using a braze such as a silver brazing alloy having a melting point between 660°C and 840°C.
  • a braze such as a silver brazing alloy having a melting point between 660°C and 840°C.
  • the tool insert is particularly useful for light to medium cut applications. This means that the infeed of the tool insert during turning, boring, grooving or milling will not exceed 0,3mm per revolution or pass of the insert across the workpiece.
  • a mass of cubic boron nitride particles was placed in contact with an aluminium foil which itself was placed in contact with a foil of molybdenum.
  • This unbonded assembly was placed in the reaction zone of a conventional high temperature/high pressure apparatus and subjected to a temperature of about 1500°C and a pressure of about 5.5Gpa (55 kilobars) for a period of 15 minutes.
  • Recovered from the reaction zone using conventional techniques was an abrasive compact containing about 90 percent by volume of cubic boron nitride particles in which there was substantial direct particle-to-particle bonding and a second phase consisting essentially of aluminium nitride and/or aluminium diboride.
  • the compact was produced in the form of a disc and had bonded to a major flat surface thereof a layer of molybdenum of thickness about 100 ⁇ m (microns).
  • This compact was cut into a plurality of equilateral triangles, some having a side dimension of 5mm and others having a side dimension of 7mm.
  • Each triangle constituted a tool insert of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

A tool insert comprises an abrasive compact comprising a polycrystalline mass of cubic boron nitride particles present in an amount of at least 70 percent by volume and containing substantial direct particle-to-particle bonding and a second phase dispersed through the cubic boron nitride particle mass. The abrasive compact presents major surfaces on each of opposite sides thereof. The one major surface provides a cutting point for the insert and the other major surface has bonded thereto a layer of molybdenum of thickness less than 0,5 mm. The largest linear dimension of the compact is no more than 10 mm. The tool insert is designed for applications where a high removal rate of work piece is desired.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention relates to cubic boron nitride abrasive bodies.
  • Cubic boron nitride abrasive compacts are known in the art (e.g. EP-A1-0 101 259) and consist of a polycrystalline mass of cubic boron nitride particles present in an amount of at least 70 percent by volume bonded into a hard conglomerate. Such compacts may contain a second phase. When provided, the second phase is typically a ceramic phase. The second phase acts to some extent as a binder phase for the cubic boron nitride particles.
  • One of the most successful cubic boron nitride abrasive compacts presently on the market is one wherein the second phase consists essentially of aluminium nitride and/or aluminium diboride. This compact is sold in the form of large discs which are clamped into a suitable tool holder and used in this manner for abrading various work pieces. A curved edge of the compact is used as the abrading edge. This compact is designed for applications where a high removal rate of workpiece is desired.
  • Abrasive compacts comprising diamond or cBN abrasive particles or a mixture thereof, present in an amount of at least 50 volume percent, bonded into a hard conglomerate by means of a metal are known from US-A-4 063 909. According to this document the compacts are bonded to a support by a layer of high temperature braze with a thickness of less than 0.5 mm. Suitable high temperature braze metals include Ti, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Mn, V, Mo, Ta or Pt or an alloy containing one or more thereof, Ti or Ti-alloys are particularly preferred.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • According to the present invention, there is provided a tool insert comprising an abrasive compact comprising a polycrystalline mass of cubic boron nitride particles present in an amount of at least 70 percent by volume and containing substantial direct particle-to-particle bonding and a second phase dispersed through the cubic boron nitride particle mass, the abrasive compact presenting major surfaces on each of opposite sides thereof, the one major surface providing a cutting point for the insert and the other major surface having bonded thereto, and being in direct contact with, a layer of molybdenum of thickness less than 0,5mm, the largest linear dimension of the compact being no more than 10mm.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The tool insert of the invention is thus a small cubic boron nitride compact which has a molybdenum layer bonded to one major flat surface thereof. Because of its size, it is not practical to hold the insert mechanically in a suitable tool holder. However, the presence of the molybdenum layer renders the compact brazeable to a tool holder. It is preferable that the compact is first brazed to a cemented carbide support which is then brazed to the tool holder or mechanically held in a tool holder. Cemented carbide has a similar coefficient of thermal expansion to the compact and problems arising due to differences in thermal expansion of the compact and support are minimised.
  • The abrasive compact of the insert preferably has a rectangular, triangular, pentagonal or hexagonal shape. Thus, the compact presents several points and it is these points which provide cutting points for the insert.
  • The molybdenum layer is the thin layer, preferably having a thickness in the range 50 to 150µm (microns). The layer of molybdenum may have an outer nickel or like metal layer applied to it, that is to say, the layer of molybdenum is in direct contact with the abrasive compact and is between the abrasive compact and the nickel or like metal layer. The cubic boron nitride compact may be any known in the art but is preferably one wherein the second phase contains aluminium nitride and/or aluminium diboride. Second phases of this nature are produced when aluminium is present during manufacture of the compact. One particularly preferred cubic boron nitride of this nature has a second phase which consists essentially of aluminium nitride and/or aluminium diboride. The second phase may also contain other components such as silicon which is either in elemental or combined form.
  • The tool inserts of the invention may be used for a wide variety of applications. They have particular application for light to medium turning, boring, grooving, threading and milling of various steels, irons and alloys such as:
    Ni-HARD white irons having a hardness of 55 to 58 HRC
    High chromium irons having a hardness of 55 to 62 HRC
    Cold work tool steels having a hardness of 60 HRC
    High speed steels having a hardness of 62 HRC
    Grey cast irons (pearlitic) having a hardness of 220 HB
    Sintered irons having a hardness of 100 HB
    Cobalt-based hard facing alloys
    Nickel-based hard facing alloys
    Meehanite white irons having a hardness of 55 HRC
  • In all these applications the cubic boron nitride abrasive compact will be brazed to a cemented carbide support, preferably a cemented tungsten carbide support, by means of the readily brazeable molybdenum layer and using a braze such as a silver brazing alloy having a melting point between 660°C and 840°C. The thus bonded cubic boron nitride abrasive compact will then be held mechanically or brazed to the shank of a tool and used in this form for the various abrading applications mentioned above.
  • As mentioned above, the tool insert is particularly useful for light to medium cut applications. This means that the infeed of the tool insert during turning, boring, grooving or milling will not exceed 0,3mm per revolution or pass of the insert across the workpiece.
  • In an example of the invention, a mass of cubic boron nitride particles was placed in contact with an aluminium foil which itself was placed in contact with a foil of molybdenum. This unbonded assembly was placed in the reaction zone of a conventional high temperature/high pressure apparatus and subjected to a temperature of about 1500°C and a pressure of about 5.5Gpa (55 kilobars) for a period of 15 minutes. Recovered from the reaction zone using conventional techniques was an abrasive compact containing about 90 percent by volume of cubic boron nitride particles in which there was substantial direct particle-to-particle bonding and a second phase consisting essentially of aluminium nitride and/or aluminium diboride. The compact was produced in the form of a disc and had bonded to a major flat surface thereof a layer of molybdenum of thickness about 100µm (microns). This compact was cut into a plurality of equilateral triangles, some having a side dimension of 5mm and others having a side dimension of 7mm. Each triangle constituted a tool insert of the invention.
  • The triangular-shaped inserts produced in this manner were found to be excellent for the boring of pearlitic grey cast iron, for the facing of Stellite 6 hard facing alloy and the threading of Ni-HARD white cast iron. The particular conditions used in each example are given below.
    EXAMPLE 1 - BORING
    Material Pearlitic grey cast iron
    Hardness 220 HB
    Speed 600m/min
    Feed 0,2mm/rev
    Cut 0,5mm
    Coolant None
    EXAMPLE 2 - FACING
    Material Stellite 6 hard facing alloy
    Hardness 30 HRC
    Speed 200m/min
    Feed 0,2mm/rev
    Cut 0,5mm
    Coolant None
    EXAMPLE 3 - THREADING
    Material Ni-HARD white cast iron
    Hardness 58 HRC
    Speed 40m/min
    Thread form ISO M16
    Radial infeed 0,1mm/pass
    Coolant None

Claims (10)

  1. A tool insert comprising an abrasive compact comprising a polycrystalline mass of cubic boron nitride particles present in an amount of at least 70 percent by volume and containing substantial direct particle-to-particle bonding and a second phase dispersed through the cubic boron nitride particle mass, the abrasive compact presenting major surfaces on each of opposite sides thereof, the one major surface providing a cutting point for the insert and the other major surface having bonded thereto, and being in direct contact with, a layer of molybdenum of thickness less than 0,5mm, the largest linear dimension of the compact being no more than 10mm.
  2. A tool insert according to claim 1 wherein the second phase contains aluminium nitride and/or aluminium diboride.
  3. A tool insert according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the second phase contains silicon in elemental or combined form.
  4. A tool insert according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the thickness of the molybdenum layer is in the range of 50 to 150µm (microns).
  5. A tool insert according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the compact has a triangular, rectangular, pentagonal or hexagonal shape .
  6. A tool insert according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the cubic boron nitride compact is brazed to a cemented carbide support by means of the molybdenum layer and a braze.
  7. A tool insert according to claim 6 wherein the braze is a silver brazing alloy having a melting point between 660°C and 840°C.
  8. A method of abrading a workpiece in a light to medium cut application, i.e. wherein the infeed of the tool insert does not exceed 0.3 mm per revolution or pass of the insert across the workpiece, including the step of causing the workpiece to be contacted in an abrading manner by the cutting point of a tool insert according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
  9. Use of a tool insert according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in a light to medium cut application, i.e. wherein the infeed of the tool insert does not exceed 0.3 mm per revolution or pass of the insert across the workpiece.
  10. A tool comprising the tool insert of any one of claims 1 to 7.
EP86308445A 1985-10-30 1986-10-29 Cubic boron nitride abrasive bodies Expired - Lifetime EP0220964B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86308445T ATE67437T1 (en) 1985-10-30 1986-10-29 CUBIC BORON NITRIDE GRINDING BODY.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA858339 1985-10-30
ZA858339 1985-10-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0220964A2 EP0220964A2 (en) 1987-05-06
EP0220964A3 EP0220964A3 (en) 1987-12-02
EP0220964B1 true EP0220964B1 (en) 1991-09-18

Family

ID=25578135

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86308445A Expired - Lifetime EP0220964B1 (en) 1985-10-30 1986-10-29 Cubic boron nitride abrasive bodies

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0220964B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62107007A (en)
AT (1) ATE67437T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3681553D1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA867605B (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2601284B2 (en) * 1987-09-01 1997-04-16 株式会社石塚研究所 Sintered diamond composite and manufacturing method thereof
FR2620362B1 (en) * 1987-09-11 1993-05-21 Combustible Nucleaire NON-POROUS THERMOSTABLE ABRASIVE GRAINS FOR SAWING WORKS AND CUTTING ELEMENTS COMPRISING SUCH GRAINS
US5626909A (en) * 1994-12-07 1997-05-06 General Electric Company Fabrication of brazable in air tool inserts
JP5420533B2 (en) 2007-05-22 2014-02-19 エレメント シックス リミテッド Coated CBN

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3743489A (en) * 1971-07-01 1973-07-03 Gen Electric Abrasive bodies of finely-divided cubic boron nitride crystals
US3944398A (en) * 1974-04-30 1976-03-16 Frank Rutherford Bell Method of forming an abrasive compact of cubic boron nitride

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5844635B2 (en) * 1974-08-02 1983-10-04 インスチテユ−ト プロブレム マテリアロヴエデニア アカデミイ ナウク ウクラインスコイ エエスア−ル Method of brazing metal and ultra-hard artificial material and brazing agent therefor
IE42084B1 (en) * 1974-09-18 1980-06-04 De Beers Ind Diamond Abrasive bodies
IL59519A (en) * 1979-03-19 1982-01-31 De Beers Ind Diamond Abrasive compacts
US4401443A (en) * 1981-10-26 1983-08-30 General Electric Company Polycrystalline silicon-bonded cubic boron nitride body and method
US4522633A (en) * 1982-08-05 1985-06-11 Dyer Henry B Abrasive bodies
JPS60263602A (en) * 1984-06-11 1985-12-27 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd Composite sintered tool

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3743489A (en) * 1971-07-01 1973-07-03 Gen Electric Abrasive bodies of finely-divided cubic boron nitride crystals
US3944398A (en) * 1974-04-30 1976-03-16 Frank Rutherford Bell Method of forming an abrasive compact of cubic boron nitride

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3681553D1 (en) 1991-10-24
JPS62107007A (en) 1987-05-18
ATE67437T1 (en) 1991-10-15
EP0220964A2 (en) 1987-05-06
ZA867605B (en) 1987-06-24
EP0220964A3 (en) 1987-12-02

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