JPS63304951A - Production of fed for domestic animal - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a feed suitable for a ruminant such as cattle or sheep, by removing petiole from the leaf of oil palm, sterilizing and washing the leaf with steam and hot water and subjecting the leaf to drying and then pressing process. CONSTITUTION:A leaf of oil palm id divided into petiole and a leaflet. The leaflet is washed with steam or hot water to wash off attached mud or dirty materials and to kill insects and bacteria and obtain a harmless leaflet. The cleaned leaf is dried e.g. with a far infrared heater until the water content reaches 9-20% and pressed with a press or a press roller, etc., to easily obtain the objective feed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention is aimed at producing livestock feed, especially fibrous feed that is indispensable for breeding animals, from oil palm leaves that have conventionally been disposed of without being used as industrial waste. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing.

Conventional technology After World War II, the amount of animal protein consumed by Japanese people increased rapidly, and the amount of plants consumed annually as livestock feed has now reached approximately 30 million tons. However, most of them rely on imports.

In particular, for animals such as cows and sheep, feed with high fiber content is essential due to their special digestive system structure, and crude fiber feed such as rice straw or pressed sugar cane is used as crude fiber feed. Even bagasse, which is waste, is imported. Since this crude fiber feed is sourced from grass and other herbaceous plants this year, its supply fluctuates significantly seasonally, leading to chronic shortages during periods of depletion such as winter. ing.

On the other hand, in Malaysia and other tropical regions, oil palms are cultivated for the purpose of extracting edible oil. The amount of leaves cut is as high as 22 per tree per year, a staggering amount in total.

Although no useful value has been found for these leaves, if they are left to accumulate, they become a breeding ground for harmful small animals such as poisonous snakes and poisonous insects, so they are collected and disposed of at great expense. This is the reality, and making use of it is one of the important issues.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention The purpose of the present invention is to develop a method suitable for feeding to livestock, particularly anti-seabream animals such as cows and sheep, using oil palm leaves, which have hitherto been unused and discarded, as a raw material. The purpose is to produce fibrous feed.

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of extensive research into the effective use of oil palm leaves, the inventors of the present invention have developed a method for processing oil palm leaves under specific conditions.
It was discovered that the product can be made suitable as livestock feed by pressing it, and based on this knowledge, the present invention was accomplished.

That is, the present invention removes petioles from oil palm leaves, sterilizes and washes them with steam or boiling water, and then
The present invention provides a method for producing livestock feed, which is characterized in that the feed is dried until the moisture content becomes 9 to 20 inches, and then the dried product is subjected to a compression process.

In the method of the present invention, the leaves removed from the trunk of the oil palm and collected are cut into petioles,
So-called leaflets) (leaflθt) only. If this petiole remains, if given to livestock,
This hinders mastication and causes loss of appetite.

Next, the petiole-removed leaves are washed with steam or hot water to wash away adhering mud, filth, etc., as well as kill insects, sterilize them, and render them harmless. This cleaning can be done by passing the leaves through boiling water for 10 to 30 seconds, or by placing the leaves in a container made of wire mesh or the like and blowing steam into the container.

The thus washed leaves are then subjected to drying treatment, which must be carried out so that the moisture content of the leaves is 9 to 20% by weight, preferably 13 to 18% by weight. If the water content is more than 20% by weight, mold will form during transportation and storage, making it unusable.If the water content is less than 9% by weight, it will not be palatable to livestock, resulting in decreased appetite. It causes.

This drying process may be hot air drying or roasting drying, but these drying methods require a long time of 3 to 4 hours, and
Far-infrared drying is advantageous because the surface of the leaves turns brown and loses its freshness. This far infrared drying
For example, in a heating chamber that is irradiated with a far-infrared heater,
This is done by continuously passing the raw material leaves through a moving means such as a belt conveyor. The surface temperature of the heater at this time is 300-500℃, and the drying temperature is 75-15℃.
Approximately 0°C is appropriate. In this way, it is possible to dry to a predetermined moisture content, usually in several tens of seconds to several minutes.

In the method of the present invention, it is necessary to subsequently subject the thus dried leaves to a crushing process. This flattening process is performed by pressing and flattening multiple cores that run vertically through the center of the leaf using a press plate, press roller, etc. This is to soften the cores that have hardened after drying. belongs to.

If this treatment is not carried out, when given to livestock, the hardened core will interfere with mastication, leading to a loss of taste.

Leaves treated in this way can have a length of 5c11, as desired.
Thereafter, the product is preferably shredded into pieces of 1 to 5 ax, or compression molded into blocks or sheets for convenient transportation and storage.

Next, an example of a suitable drying apparatus for carrying out the drying process of the method of the present invention will be explained according to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining the structure of this drying device.
．． ', 2' are arranged in parallel in three stages, and a belt conveyor 3 is placed between each panel heater and under the bottom panel 2'.
, 3', 3' are arranged. The left end of the belt conveyor 3 (in the figure) protrudes from the left end of the panel heater 1, the right end of the belt conveyor 3' protrudes from the right end of the belt conveyor 3 and the panel 2', and the left end of the belt conveyor 3'' protrudes from the left end of the panel heater 1. Conveyor 3 and panel heater 2
They protrude from the left end of the ", and can easily catch leaves falling from the conveyor belt directly above them.

The leaves, which have been cleaned with the petiole removed, are fed into the apparatus through the supply port 4 and are discharged from the discharge port 5 via the belt conveyors 3, 3' and γ. During this time (= far infrared rays from the far infrared panel heaters 2.z and 7), it is dried until a predetermined moisture content is reached.

Each of the above-mentioned far-infrared panel heaters is preferably of a type that heats a panel of far-infrared radiating material with an appropriate heat source, such as electric heat or hot air.

This drying device is advantageous because by controlling the surface temperature of the far-infrared panel, the speed of the belt conveyor, etc., it is possible to set drying conditions that match the moisture content of raw leaves and the desired moisture content of dried leaves. .

In addition, since the oil palm leaves used in the present invention have a high lipid content, they can be extracted at any stage and the lipid content can be used separately.

The feed obtained by the method of the present invention has a nutritional value comparable to that of conventionally used rice straw and bagasse, and is therefore suitable as feed for livestock during periods of lack of green grass such as winter.

Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, a large amount of by-products are produced during the production of coconut oil,
Oil palm leaves, which previously had to be disposed of at great expense, can be used to relatively easily produce fibrous feed, which is necessary for livestock, especially renegade animals such as cattle and sheep. This can be said to be a very meaningful method from an industrial perspective, since it can solve both the problem of waste disposal in Southeast Asia and the problem of feed shortage in Japan all at once.

Example Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.

Example 1 Petiole cut off from a leaf of Malay Afryan 1
0kq was treated with steam to wash and remove adhering dirt and sterilize it at the same time. The fresh leaves treated in this way had a moisture content of 75% by weight.

Next, in a drying apparatus having the structure shown in the drawing, which uses propane gas as fuel and is equipped with a far-infrared panel heater that heats the surface temperature to 300°C, it is placed into a drying device that has been preheated to an ambient temperature of 90°C for 10 minutes. The washed fresh leaves were fed and dried until the water content reached 9.9% by weight.

The drying time was about 5 minutes, and 2.8 kg of dried material was obtained with the surface still green.

After passing this dried material between a pair of rollers and compressing it,
The meat was shredded into pieces of 1 to 3 cm in length and width using a mount cutter to prepare livestock feed. Table 1 shows the results of analysis of the components contained in this product.

Table 1 also includes analysis results for rice straw and bagasse for comparison.

Table 1 As is clear from this table, although the livestock feed obtained by the method of the present invention has leaves with hard petioles,
Conventionally used grasses, rice straw, and bakasuyoshi have high contents of crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber, and are excellent as fibrous feed.

Example 2 Example 1 except that the drying conditions were set to the temperatures shown in Table 2.
Livestock feed was produced in the same manner.

The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Example 3 Malay oil palm leaves with petioles removed 10k
(g) was washed by passing it through boiling water for 5 seconds, and the moisture adhering to the surface was removed by drying in the sun, and then placed in an iron pot and roasted by heating from below with a heavy oil burner, and dried until the moisture content was 20% by weight. . The time required for this was approximately 4 hours.

In this way, dried leaves with slightly yellowed surfaces were obtained.

This material was pressed and shredded in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare livestock feed.

Application example: Five cows that have passed their peak lactation period are allocated so that the milking amount is almost the same at the start of the test, and after 14 days of preliminary rearing, Group A (test group) and Group B (control group). was constructed.

The total feed amount to each of these groups reached the TDN requirement of 100 g, which is the Japanese feeding standard, and was kept constant during the test period, divided into two times at 8 a.m. in the morning and 5 p.m. in the evening. The milk was expressed 40 minutes later.

For Group A, the livestock feed obtained in Example I was used as part of the roughage at a rate of sKg/day/head, and for Group B, Cane Cube 3 Immediately/day/head and rice straw 2
Immediate/day/head was used.

The changes in the average milk yield per cow during the 7-day test are shown in a graph in FIG. As is clear from this figure, there is almost no difference in milk yield even when the livestock feed of the present invention is used.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one example of a drying device used in the method of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in milk yield when using the livestock feed obtained by the method of the present invention and in a control.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. After removing the petioles from oil palm leaves and sterilizing and washing them with steam or boiling water, the water content is 9 to 20.
1. A method for producing livestock feed, which comprises drying the feed to a concentration of 1.5%, and then compressing the dried product.