JPS63283848A - Supersonic wave working device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To spread kind of works and working range and facilitate maintenance by using the device used independently for the turn of a grindstone and the supersonic wave vibration for a workpiece and applying the composite action onto a working part without taking consideration of the transmission efficiency of the supersonic wave vibration for the grindstone. CONSTITUTION:A turning device R1 for a grindstone 16 and a supersonic wave vibrating device U for a workpiece 1 are placed so as to cross at right angles, and the vibrating direction and feeding direction for the workpiece 1 and a table 2 are set at right angles with a shaft 15, grindstone 16, and the turning axis of a motor 9, and each single operation is carried out, and the turning of the grindstone 16 and the supersonic wave vibration of the workpiece 1 are compositely applied onto the working part of the workpiece 1. Therefore, the need of transporting the supersonic wave vibration through the grindstone 16 is avoided, and the thin and large-sized grindstone which possesses a low rigidity can be used, and the need of the half-wave resonance between a horn 17 and a vibrating element 14 is avoided, and the working range can be widened by arbitrarily selecting the length of the shaft 15. Further, the need of using a carbon brush is avoided, and the simple constitution can be obtained, and the maintenance cost can be reduced.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention processes hard and brittle materials such as fine ceramics and glass by the combined effect of the rotational movement of a grindstone and ultrasonic vibrations applied to the processed part of the material. The present invention relates to an ultrasonic machining device for processing, and particularly to a device that can expand the types and range of machining and is suitable for efficient machining.

[Conventional technology]

A conventional ultrasonic processing apparatus for processing hard and brittle materials such as fine ceramics and soda glass will be explained with reference to FIG. Devices with the configuration shown are already commercially available and have been published in the literature. (For example, "Machine Tools 8" by Kuniaki Unno
5” 1986.9.20. Published by Taiga Publishing Co., Ltd. P, 43
~P, 48) In the figure, l is a workpiece made of hard and brittle material,
It is fixed on the table 2. The table 2 is moved by a pressure mechanism (not shown) under the action of a constant load F in the direction of the arrow shown in the drawing, and the amount of movement corresponds to the feed of the table 2 and the workpiece 1 during processing. 3 is an ultrasonic oscillator that transmits high-frequency pulse waves and generates electrical vibrations; 4 is an electrostrictive vibrator made of lead zirconate titanate porcelain; carbon brush 5
and is received via the shaft 6 and converted into mechanical vibrations, that is, ultrasonic vibrations. Reference numeral 7 denotes a stepped horn with a large diameter vibrator 4 attached to its base end, which mechanically amplifies the vibration displacement of several μm at the tip of the vibrator 4 to about 30 to 50 μm. The horn 7 is supported together with the vibrator 4 by two bearings 8' spaced apart so that its axis coincides with the feeding direction of the table 2, and in addition to being vibrated by the ultrasonic waves, the horn 7 is also moved by a DC motor 9 to a shaft coupling 10. It is rotated via the shaft 6 in a range of 0 to 5000 rpm11. 11' is the vibrator 4. Carbon brush5. This is a casing in which a bearing 8' etc. are installed inside and a DC motor 9 is attached to one end of the outside. Reference numeral 12 denotes a diamond grindstone (hereinafter simply referred to as the grindstone) attached to the tip of the horn 7 with a screw having a diameter approximately the same as that of the tip or with an integral sintered structure. It receives the rotation of the horn 7 and the ultrasonic vibration of the vibrator 4 via the horn 7. In this case, in order to increase the propagation efficiency of ultrasonic vibrations to the grinding wheel 12, the natural frequencies of the horn 7 and the vibrator 4, to which the grinding wheel 12 is attached, are made to match, and the horn 7 and the grinding wheel 12 are normally arranged to have half-wavelength resonance. The total length is selected.

Reference numeral 13' denotes a water jacket attached to the outer periphery of the horn 7 to facilitate the discharge of chips during machining, and supplies tap water as a grinding fluid to the grindstone 12 through a hollow portion provided in the horn 7. 14 is a nozzle that supplies water to the processing section of the workpiece 1 during processing.

As described in the above-mentioned literature, the ultrasonic machining device has a very high removal rate and penetration rate, about 10 times or more, compared to normal diamond grinding, which only uses the rotation of the grindstone during machining. value and can perform highly efficient machining. However, in the above device, the direction of feed of the workpiece 1 and the table 2 is configured so that the axis of the horn 7° vibrator 4, etc. is in the same direction, and the grinding wheel 12 is attached to the tip of the horn 7. Therefore, the effective ultrasonic vibration given to the grinding wheel 12 is caused by the tip of the horn 7 or the grinding wheel 1 having approximately the same diameter as the tip of the horn 7.
limited to a size range of 2. Therefore, when processing the workpiece 1 with the grinding wheel 1, such as drilling or end milling,
In the case of local machining that is possible within the size range of 2, the above-mentioned high efficiency machining can be achieved, but when machining is performed using a grindstone with as large a diameter as possible and a thin blade, such as cutting, the rigidity of the whetstone If the ultrasonic vibrations are insufficient and the ultrasonic vibrations are transmitted to the outer periphery of the grindstone, which becomes the cutting edge, the combined effect of ultrasonic vibrations and rotational motion necessary for machining cannot be obtained. Similarly, if these processes were to be performed using the conventional apparatus, the range of movement of the grindstone 12 would increase, resulting in a decrease in processing efficiency and processing accuracy.

In addition, the horn 7 is subject to size restrictions in order to achieve half-wavelength resonance with the vibrator 4, and since the carbon brush 5 is used, it is subject to significant wear and tear, and replacement and repair work is a heavy burden on workers. There are problems.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

As mentioned above, with conventional ultrasonic machining equipment, the type and scope of high-efficiency machining of workpieces is limited to local and narrow-range machining such as drilling and end milling, and efficiency and accuracy are limited in other machining. In addition to the problem of reduced performance, there were other problems such as limited horn dimensions and increased maintenance work for carbon brushes.

The present invention solves the problems of the prior art, and aims to provide an ultrasonic machining device that can expand the types and scope of high-efficiency machining of workpieces and is easy to maintain.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention relates to an ultrasonic machining device that processes a workpiece by a combined effect of rotation of a grindstone and ultrasonic vibration, and a grindstone rotation device that is attached to a shaft that rotates the grindstone and drives the shaft by a motor. and an ultrasonic vibrating device consisting of a horn with a fixed table on the distal end to which the workpiece is attached and a vibrator connected to an ultrasonic oscillator on the proximal end when processing the workpiece. The ultrasonic machining equipment is characterized by being separated and installed independently so that it can be used independently, making it possible to expand the types and range of high-efficiency machining for workpieces made of hard and brittle materials, and also simplify maintenance. It has been made possible.

[For production]

A shaft rotatably supported by a bearing is connected to a motor that rotates the shaft, and the shaft is rotated together with a grindstone attached to the shaft. This whetstone, shaft.

The motor and other components are assembled to form an independent grinding wheel rotation device. On the other hand, a table that fixes the workpiece to be machined is fixed to the tip side of the horn, separate from the rotating device of the grinding wheel, and a vibrator is attached to the base end of the horn, and the vibrator is superimposed on the table. An independent ultrasonic vibration device connected to a sonic oscillator is provided. By making the rotating device for the grindstone and the ultrasonic vibration device for the workpiece independent of each other, the grindstone can be rotated and the workpiece can be individually subjected to ultrasonic vibration.

Therefore, there is no need to consider the transmission efficiency of ultrasonic vibrations to the grindstone at all, and in addition to conventional grindstones, it is also possible to use a grindstone with a large diameter, thin thickness, and low rigidity. Since both of the above-mentioned devices are separate and independent devices, they can be used in any combination when processing the workpiece, and during processing, the rotation of the grinding wheel and the Since the ultrasonic vibrations of the workpiece can be applied in combination, machining can be made more efficient by selecting the optimal grinding wheel and arrangement of the combination of both devices according to the type of machining and the scope of machining. Width can be expanded.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 1 is an overall view of the ultrasonic machining apparatus of the first embodiment, and shows an example of thin groove or cutting machining.

FIG. 2 is an overall view of the apparatus of the second embodiment, similar to FIG. 1, and shows an example of surface grinding. FIG. 3 is an overall view of the apparatus of the third embodiment, showing the case of hole drilling.

In the figure, the same reference numerals as in FIG. 4 indicate the same parts or parts with the same function. Reference numeral 15 denotes a shaft with a grindstone 16 attached to its tip, which is inserted into the casing 11 on the side opposite to the grindstone, is rotatably supported within the casing 11 by a bearing 8, and is connected to the motor 9 via a shaft joint 10. ing. 13 is axis 15
A water jacket attached to the outer periphery of the grinding fluid is supplied to the grindstone 16 through a hollow part provided in the shaft 15. The above-mentioned grindstone 16 has a large diameter and a thin thickness for cutting. The shaft 15 to which the grindstone 16 is attached
The motor 9 and the like that rotate the shaft 15 are assembled together to constitute an independent rotating device R1 for the grindstone 16.

17 is a stepped horn with a table 2 fixed to the distal end and a vibrator 4 attached to the proximal end. It is mechanically amplified to approximately 30 to 50 μm. In this case, since the vibrator 4 and the horn 17 do not rotate, the vibrator 4 and the ultrasonic oscillator 3 can be directly connected without using the carbon brush 5, and the table 2
Only the ultrasonic vibrations from the horn 17 are propagated to the workpiece 1 fixed to the workpiece 1 . Horn 17. Table 2. The vibrator 4 and the ultrasonic oscillator 3 constitute an independent ultrasonic vibrating device U that is separate from the rotating device for the grindstone 16.

With this configuration, the grindstone 16 is only rotated, and the stress-relieving workpiece 1 is only subjected to ultrasonic vibration.

This embodiment efficiently performs fine groove machining or cutting of the workpiece 1, and therefore has a zero-width arrangement in which the rotation device R1 of the grindstone 16 and the ultrasonic vibration device U of the workpiece 1 are arranged orthogonally. Therefore, the vibration direction and feeding direction of the workpiece 1 and the table 2 are perpendicular to the rotational axis of the grindstone 16 and the like at an angle of 15 degrees. Before processing, the rotation of the grindstone 16 and the workpiece l
The ultrasonic vibrations in the workpiece 1 act independently, but during machining, the rotation of the grindstone 16 and the ultrasonic vibration of the workpiece 1 act in combination on the machining part of the workpiece 1. Whetstone 1
There is no need to propagate ultrasonic vibrations to the workpiece l through the grinding wheel 6, and highly efficient machining can be performed using the grindstone 16 with a large diameter, thin blade, and low rigidity. Also, grindstone 16 and horn 1
7 is separated, it is no longer necessary to cause the horn 17 to which the grindstone 16 is attached and the vibrator 4 to resonate at a half wavelength, as in the conventional case, and the length of the shaft 15 to which the grindstone 16 is attached can be arbitrarily selected. This makes it possible to widen the processing range. Furthermore, since the carbon brush is no longer necessary and the structure is simplified, it has the effect of reducing the burden on maintenance workers.

A second embodiment shown in FIG. 2 shows a case of surface grinding in which a grindstone 18 for surface grinding is used in place of the grindstone 16 of the first embodiment. R2 is a rotating device equipped with a grindstone 18. Figure 0 shows an example of grinding the side surface of the workpiece 1.
Processing of the upper surface is also possible in the same way, and except for the use of the grindstone 18, the operation, effects, etc. of Structure 1 are the same as in the case of the first embodiment.

The third embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is a rotating device R5 for the grindstone 19.
This is an example suitable for hole machining in which the axes of the ultrasonic vibrator U of the workpiece 1 and the ultrasonic vibrator U of the workpiece 1 are arranged in the same direction.

Since the grinding wheel 19 in this case is also made to rotate only as in the first and second embodiments, the shape and dimensions of the shaft 15 can be arbitrarily selected, and the diameter and diameter of the hole to be machined can be selected accordingly. The depth range can be expanded. This embodiment also has the same structure 9 as in the first and second embodiments, except for the arrangement of the grindstone 19 used and the combination of both devices.

As explained in each of the above embodiments, processing can be carried out by selecting the arrangement of the grindstone to be used and the combination of the grindstone rotation device R and the ultrasonic vibration device U for the workpiece depending on the type and range of processing. This has the effect of improving not only the efficiency but also the accuracy.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, the ultrasonic processing apparatus according to the present invention is
A grindstone rotation device, which is an integral assembly of a shaft to which a grindstone is attached and a motor that rotates the shaft, and an ultrasonic vibration device, which is composed of a horn, a table, a vibrator, and an ultrasonic oscillator, are separated. Because each device is installed independently and can be used in combination when processing workpieces,
This has a significant practical effect in that it is possible to expand the types and scope of high-efficiency machining of workpieces made of hard and brittle materials, and it also makes maintenance easier.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall view of the first embodiment of the ultrasonic processing apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is the same (overall view of the second embodiment, third embodiment is the same).
The figure is also an overall view of the third embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional ultrasonic processing device. Patent applicant Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Agent Patent attorney Masami Akimoto (1 other person) No. 1? 0 s2V! J L'i 3 j,, - Atun 4 Fig.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In an ultrasonic processing device that processes a workpiece through the combined action of rotation of a grindstone and ultrasonic vibration, a rotation device for the grindstone that attaches the grindstone to a rotating shaft and drives the shaft by a motor, and a tip. When processing a workpiece, it is used in combination with an ultrasonic vibration device consisting of a horn with a table fixed to the side to which the workpiece is fixed and a vibrator connected to an ultrasonic oscillator attached to the proximal end. An ultrasonic processing device characterized in that each device can be separated and provided independently.