JPS6328043B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to an excellent, extremely safe agricultural and horticultural fungicide and plant virus disease control agent composition containing sodium bicarbonate and one or more polyglycerol fatty acid esters as active ingredients. . Conventionally, heavy metal compounds such as copper agents, mercury agents, and arsenic agents, as well as organic chlorine agents and organic phosphoric acid agents, have been widely used as disinfectants for agriculture and horticulture, but all of these agents are harmful to humans and animals. In addition, so-called environmental pollution, such as soil contamination, has become a serious social problem. Given this current situation, there is a strong desire to develop new agricultural and horticultural fungicides that are highly safe for humans, animals, and plants. As a result of intensive research into the development of drugs that have remarkable control effects on various plant diseases, drugs containing sodium bicarbonate and polyglycerol fatty acid ester as active ingredients have been found to be effective against various plant diseases.
Having obtained new knowledge that it has an excellent synergistic control effect against fruit storage diseases and plant virus diseases, is convenient to handle during application, and does not have any adverse effects on plants, we have published this book. The invention was completed. Sodium hydrogen carbonate, which is one of the active ingredients of the composition of the present invention, is widely used as a leavening agent for medicines and foods such as baking powder, and can also be used as a fungicide due to its effect on controlling plant diseases. However, when used alone as a fungicide, the surface tension increases due to its water solubility, and crystals are precipitated on the plant, resulting in poor spreadability and long-lasting However, there is a problem in that it cannot exhibit sufficient disease control effects.
Moreover, even if various carrier substances with surfactant properties are used in combination to improve the spreadability, the improvement in the pesticidal effect due to the improvement in the affinity and spreadability of the two does not necessarily match. However, we have not yet reached the point of solving this problem. On the other hand, when polyglycerol fatty acid ester, which is another active ingredient of the composition of the present invention, is used alone to control various plant diseases, its effect is completely insufficient and it cannot be an effective control agent. . However, polyglycerol fatty acid esters have moderate hydrophilicity and lipophilicity in their molecules, so they have the property of easily dispersing or dissolving in water. The present inventors focused on this, and by combining polyglycerol fatty acid ester with sodium hydrogen carbonate, the surface tension of the sodium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution was lowered and the spreadability to plants was increased. This book complements the shortcomings of both components as medicinal components by obtaining the knowledge that both components can be maintained uniformly on the plant body by preventing the crystallization of sodium bicarbonate sprayed on the plant body. An excellent composition of the invention has been completed. That is, the composition of the present invention, compared to the case where each of the above-mentioned components is applied alone,
A remarkable synergistic control effect against various plant diseases can be obtained in a sustained manner. Target diseases of the fungicidal composition of the present invention include rice blast, strangle blight, blue-green mold of tangerine, gray mold, black spot, canker blight, powdery mildew of cucumber, anthracnose, downy mildew, and leaf spot. Plant diseases such as bacterial diseases, tomato leaf mold, and grape blight, fruit,
In particular, various storage diseases of citrus fruits and plant virus diseases such as tomato mosaic virus disease can be mentioned. Furthermore, as a remarkable effect of the present invention, all of the active ingredients of the composition of the present invention are harmless substances that are recognized as food additives, and therefore, the carriers, solvents, adjuvants, etc. added to them are safe to use as food additives. By selecting a substance with high properties, the composition of the present invention can be made into a completely pollution-free pesticide. Therefore, the present invention can provide an excellent fungicide that is completely free from handling hazards and has no concerns about residual toxicity to crops or environmental contamination. Furthermore, by combining the active ingredients, the composition of the present invention can be easily formulated into a wettable powder with excellent spreadability, and the application effect can be significantly enhanced. As described above, the effects of the composition of the present invention are that it can expand the range of application to target diseased plants, synergistically enhance the plant disease control effects of each active ingredient, and sustainably stabilize its high therapeutic effects. It is. In addition, it is easy to formulate a formulation and can exhibit extremely specific effects without causing any inconvenience during application. One component of the composition of the present invention, polyglycerol fatty acid ester, is an ester of polyglycerol, which is a dehydrated condensation product of glycerin, and fatty acid, which is an oil component, and is represented by the following structural formula. [However, at least one of R ₁ , R ₂ , and R ₃ is a fatty acid, and the others represent hydrogen. n represents 2 or more (preferably 2 to 10). ] Polyglycerol having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 30 can be obtained by subjecting glycerin to thermal dehydration condensation, and can also be synthesized by the same method as synthetic glycerin. While glycerin contains three hydroxyl groups, diglycerol has four and triglycerol has five, and as the number of polymerized moles increases, the number of hydroxyl groups increases by one, increasing hydrophilicity. In addition, the degree of polymerization is 2 to 30, particularly preferably 2 to 10. On the other hand, the fatty acid components constituting the polyglycerol fatty acid ester include saturated fatty acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, such as caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, mystilic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, and Saturated fatty acids, such as single fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and ricinolenic acid, as well as mixed fatty acids, such as natural animal and vegetable oils such as beef tallow, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, and palm oil, and mixed fatty acids from these hydrogenated oils. is used. Among these fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids are particularly better than saturated fatty acids, and the higher the monoester content, that is, the higher the free hydroxyl group content, the more preferably they are used. Furthermore, the polyglycerol fatty acid ester can esterify as many fatty acids as the number of hydroxyl groups in polyglycerol. For example, diglycerol can be made into a tetra fatty acid ester, and triglycerol can be made into a penta fatty acid ester, so a wide variety of esters can be made depending on the degree of polymerization of glycerin, the type of fatty acid, or the amount of fatty acid bonded. Therefore, it is possible to make any desired material from hydrophobic to water-soluble and highly hydrophilic. Glycerol fatty acid ester contains only two hydroxyl groups at most and is hydrophobic, so special conditions are required when dispersing it in water, whereas the above polyglycerol fatty acid ester can have any number of hydroxyl groups. Since it can be obtained, it has the advantage that it can be made as desired, from easily dispersible to completely soluble in water. Furthermore, it is recognized to be extremely safe, as evidenced by the fact that it is widely used as a food additive in various countries, such as as an emulsifier and quality improver for processed foods. These polyglycerol fatty acid esters can be used by heating and melting one or more of them, or by using a solvent approved as a food additive such as alcohol, propylene glycol, glycerin, or sorbitol, or a mixture thereof. By dissolving it in a solvent and mixing it with sodium bicarbonate powder, it is possible to produce a powder in which sodium bicarbonate crystal particles are coated with polyglycerol fatty acid ester. Alternatively, one or more of the polyglycerol fatty acid esters are dispersed in water in advance, and a food or food additive, which is a hydrophilic colloid substance such as starch, CMC, sodium alginate, or casein soda, is added thereto; By drying and powdering these polyglycerol fatty acid esters, these polyglycerol fatty acid esters become powders that have an affinity with hydrophilic colloid substances and can be easily dispersed in cold water.Sodium hydrogen carbonate powder is mixed with this to form the composition of the present invention. It can be made into a powder of active ingredients. The active ingredient of the composition of the present invention can be formulated into various dosage forms such as wettable powders, powders, and granules by adding a suitable carrier thereto. Examples of the carrier herein include clay, white carbon, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, talc, and silica. In addition, adjuvants commonly used in agrochemical compositions, such as surfactants such as spreading agents, wetting agents, and fixing agents, are effective in increasing the hydration of the active ingredients of the composition of the present invention. For example, by appropriately adding alkylaryl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl sulfonate, etc., it can be easily formulated into easily soluble wettable powders. Furthermore, the composition of the present invention may not be appropriately mixed or used in combination with other agricultural chemicals, such as fungicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators, herbicides, etc., as long as this does not reduce their effectiveness. No problem. The mixing weight ratio of the total amount of polyglycerol fatty acid ester as an active ingredient to sodium hydrogen carbonate in the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is 10:1 to 1:10, preferably 8:2 to
It can be determined as appropriate within the range of 2:8. In addition, the proportion of the total amount of active ingredients in the composition of the present invention is suitably about 10 to 90% for wettable powders and about 0.1 to 20% for powdered powders, but is not limited to this and can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the purpose of use. It can be increased or decreased. Next, Examples will be given regarding the composition of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Example 1 (Wettable powder) 20 parts by weight of decaglycerol trilaurate was added to 80 parts by weight of sodium hydrogen carbonate at 50°C.
A wettable powder with good fluidity is obtained by adsorption on the surface. Example 2 (Wettable powder) 30 parts by weight of triglycerol di-soybean oil fatty acid ester was mixed with 100 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth at 50°C, adsorbed to form a powder, and 70 parts of sodium bicarbonate was mixed thereto to form a fluid powder. Get a good hydrating agent. Example 3 (Wettable powder) 80 parts by weight of diglycerol monooleate and separately
A solution of 10 parts by weight of CMC in 150 parts by weight of water is mixed and heated to 70°C to form a uniform dispersion. This is dried using a spray dryer to form a powder. 50 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate is mixed with 50 parts by weight of this powder to obtain a wettable powder with good fluidity. The composition prepared according to the above example has remarkable synergistic properties due to the fact that both active ingredients, sodium hydrogen carbonate and polyglycerol fatty acid ester, which have good affinity for each other, have significantly improved spreadability and dispersibility. It continuously and stably exhibits a bactericidal effect.
For example, in the case of fruit storage diseases such as citrus fruits, the control value when using sodium bicarbonate alone is about 60% on average, and the control value decreases relatively as the disease becomes more severe. On the other hand, when the active ingredients of the composition of the present invention are combined, the control effect is extremely stabilized, and almost 100% control value can be obtained continuously and with good reproducibility even when the disease is in an aggressive state. . In addition, results similar to those for fruit storage diseases mentioned above can be obtained against fungal diseases of cane crops such as rice blast, citrus black spot, cucumber anthracnose, and powdery mildew. Similar excellent results can be obtained against plant virus diseases. Next, test examples will be shown regarding the effect of controlling various plant diseases of the composition of the present invention. Test Example 1 (Mandarin orange storage disease control test) 10 to 25 test fruits (Unshu mandarin orange) per plot were injured inside the oil sac (depth: 1.5 mm) with a cotton needle. There were four injured areas per fruit, and four blocks were provided for each of the following drugs. After injury, tangerine edge mold pathogen (Penicillium
digitatum) spore suspension was spray inoculated onto the injured site of the test fruit. After 2 hours, the test fruit was immersed in a predetermined concentration diluted solution of a hydrating agent prepared according to Examples 1 to 3 for about 5 minutes, and after air-drying, the treated fruit was dried at a humidity of approximately
The temperature was maintained at 100%, and the state of disease development was examined 4 to 6 days later. On the other hand, sodium bicarbonate and various polyglycerol fatty acid esters were used alone as control agents and treated in the same manner. The degree of disease damage was investigated for each test drug, and the control value was calculated according to the following formula. Control value (%) = (1 - number of lesions in treated area/number of lesions in untreated area) x 100 The results are shown in Table 1.

【table】

[Table] Test Example 2 (Test for controlling powdery mildew disease on cucumber) Hydration prepared according to Examples 1 to 3 was applied to two-week-grown seedlings (planted in 2-inch pots to 2 plants) of cucumber (variety: Sagami Hanshiro). 40ml of diluted solution of the specified agricultural agent per 2 pots.
After uniformly spraying and drying, spores of cucumber powdery mildew pathogen (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) were artificially inoculated with air pollination in a closed room. There are 25 treatment areas.
There were 5 blocks, one block being a pot. After inoculation, the plants were kept in a greenhouse for 10 to 14 days to develop disease, and the speed of disease development was investigated. On the other hand, similar treatments were carried out using sodium hydrogen carbonate and various polyglycerol fatty acid esters as control agents. The degree of disease onset was investigated for each test drug, and the control value was calculated in the same manner as in Test Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.

【table】

[Table] Test example 3 (Rice blast disease control test) Rice (variety: Jukoku) was grown in a greenhouse in synthetic resin pots with a diameter of 6 cm, with 10 plants per pot.
At the leaf stage, the wettable powder prepared according to Examples 1 to 3 was diluted to a specified concentration, and 40% of the water was added per pot.
ml each was sprayed onto the rice plants using a spray gun. After the spray solution has dried, spores of the rice blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae), which were separately cultured in a rice husk medium (containing powdered enzymes, extracts, soluble starch, sucrose, and rice husks), are suspended in water and applied to the rice bodies. The seeds were uniformly inoculated by spraying and placed in a constant temperature and humidity box at a temperature of 27°C and a humidity of 95% or higher to induce disease. On the fourth day after inoculation, the number of lesions per leaf was determined, and the control value was calculated according to the following formula. On the other hand, sodium bicarbonate and various polyglycerol fatty acid esters were used alone as control agents and treated in the same manner, the degree of onset of each disease was examined, and the control value was calculated. Control value (%) = (1 - number of lesions in sprayed area/number of lesions in non-sprayed area) x 100 The results are shown in Table 3.

【table】

[Table] Trial example 4 (Citrus black spot disease control trial) New shoots of approximately 3-year-old unshiu mandarin seedlings (2 in 6-inch pots)
~4 plants) are used as test plants, and at the time of investigation, the new shoots are cut off from the base and 10 to 20 grains of mixed fertilizer are applied, and the new shoots are then tested again about 2 to 3 weeks later. Example 1~
A hydrating powder prepared according to step 3 was diluted to a predetermined concentration, and 40 ml of the drug was evenly sprayed per two pots.
Next, sterilized water was poured into the citrus blackspot pathogen culture branch in the test tube to obtain a stalk spore suspension, and this was
Prepare approximately 200 cells per field of view under a culture microscope and inoculate them by spraying. After inoculation, the inoculation box is kept in a moist room for about 3 days, and after sufficient infection, it is moved to a greenhouse. 1 to 50 lesions (1), 51 to 150 lesions (2), 151 or more lesions (3) on all leaves of new shoots approximately 2 to 3 weeks after inoculation,
The disease-free disease (0) and disease-free disease were investigated separately, and the disease severity and control value (%) were calculated using the following formula. Disease severity = 1Xn ₁ + 2Xn ₂ + 3Xn ₃ / 3XN x 100 (However, n ₁ , n ₂ , n ₃ are disease severity (1), (2), respectively)
(3) Number of leaves, N indicates the total number of leaves. ) Control value (%) = (1 - severity of disease in treated area / severity of disease in untreated area) x 100 On the other hand, sodium bicarbonate and various polyglycerol fatty acid esters were treated in the same way as control agents, respectively, and Check the severity of the disease,
The control value was calculated. These results are shown in Table 4.

[Table] Test Example 5 (Test for controlling anthracnose disease in cucumbers) Young cucumber seedlings (variety: Sagami Hanshiro), which were sown in pots and grown for 16 to 17 days, were treated with the hydrating agent prepared in Examples 1 to 3 at a prescribed concentration. The solution was diluted with water and sprayed at 40 ml per 10 pots using a spray gun. After drying, the solution was inoculated with Colletotrichum laqenarium. For inoculation, spores of cucumber anthracnose grown on a potato agar medium were collected in one field of view (microscopic magnification:
150) was made into a suspension of approximately 200 particles and sprayed in an inoculation box. Next, this was left in an inoculation box with 100% humidity for 24 hours, and then transferred to a greenhouse with natural light. After 3 to 4 days, the number of lesions was investigated, and the control value was calculated using the following formula. In addition, there were 10 trials in each treatment area.
We went together. Control value (%) = Number of lesions in untreated area - Number of lesions in treated area / Number of lesions in untreated area × 100 On the other hand, similar treatments were performed using sodium bicarbonate and various polyglycerol fatty acid esters as control agents. The control value was calculated. The results are shown in Table 5.

[Table] Test example 6 (Tomato mosaic virus (TMV) disease control test (test method) 1 Test plant One plant was planted in a pot with a hole of 6.5 cm in diameter.
Tomato seedlings grown in an air-conditioned greenhouse for 5 weeks after sowing were used as test samples. The soil is Kureha soil, and the conditions for the air-conditioned greenhouse are a maximum daytime temperature of 28℃ and a minimum nighttime temperature.
The temperature was 20°C, the humidity was 60%, and the sunlight was 12 hours long, with mercury lamps being used in the morning and evening and during cloudy and rainy days. 2. Chemical Spraying Water is added to the wettable powders prepared according to Examples 1 to 3 to dilute the chemical solution to a predetermined concentration. Before use, one drop of spreading agent was added and sprayed with a spray gun while the plants were rotated on a turntable. The gauge pressure of the compressor during spraying is 2 Kg/cm ² . 3. Inoculation After the chemical solution was air-dried, TMV was spray inoculated. The inoculation conditions were to grind 1 g (fresh weight) of diseased tomato leaves,
Add distilled water, pass through gauze, and add distilled water to make 1. Add 10 g of 500 mesh of carborundum to this virus solution and inoculate while stirring with a stirrer. At this time, the distance from the spray gun nozzle to the core leaf of the tomato was 20 cm, the compressor gauge pressure was 4 Kg/cm ² , and the inoculation time was 20 cm.
It is 0.5 seconds. 4. Disease onset and investigation The inoculated plants were grown in a fanzitron, and the presence or absence of disease onset was investigated 10 to 14 days later. The setting conditions for Fungitron are a temperature of 28℃ and a humidity of 70%.
Artificial lighting was provided using a 12-hour sunlight lamp. In addition, the definitions of attack rate and control value are as follows. The disease attack rate was determined by examining the diseased strains in the test plants for each test compound. The number of test stocks used was 100. Disease attack rate = Number of diseased plants/Number of test plants x 100 Control value (%) = 100 - disease attack rate The results are shown in Table 6.

〔Test results〕

Control value (%) was calculated using the following formula. Control value (%) = 1 - Measured value of treated area (calculated value) / Measured value of untreated area (calculated value) On the other hand, similar treatments were performed using sodium bicarbonate and various polyglycerol fatty acid esters as control agents. , the control value was calculated. The results are shown in Table 7.

[Consideration]

As is clear from the above test examples, when various polyglycerol fatty acid esters and sodium hydrogen carbonate are used alone against various plant diseases, fruit storage diseases, and plant virus diseases, the various polyglycerol fatty acid esters alone do not control the diseases. The control value of sodium bicarbonate alone is in the 60% range at most, and the control value tends to decrease relatively as the disease becomes more severe, whereas the control value of the composition of the present invention is extremely low. The control effect is extremely stable, and nearly 100% control (treatment and prevention) value can be obtained continuously and reproducibly even in conditions of severe disease outbreaks, and conventional fungicides are almost ineffective against plant virus diseases. However, it is noteworthy that the same remarkable effect on controlling fungal and bacterial plant diseases was obtained.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An agricultural and horticultural fungicide and plant virus disease control agent composition containing one or more of sodium bicarbonate and polyglycerol fatty acid ester as active ingredients.