JPS63237360A - Lithium cell - Google Patents
Lithium cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63237360A JPS63237360A JP62072634A JP7263487A JPS63237360A JP S63237360 A JPS63237360 A JP S63237360A JP 62072634 A JP62072634 A JP 62072634A JP 7263487 A JP7263487 A JP 7263487A JP S63237360 A JPS63237360 A JP S63237360A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- cell
- internal pressure
- cut
- type current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur dioxide Inorganic materials O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SOZVEOGRIFZGRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].ClS(Cl)=O Chemical compound [Li].ClS(Cl)=O SOZVEOGRIFZGRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QYFOCTRMZCNMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].ClS(Cl)(=O)=O Chemical compound [Li].ClS(Cl)(=O)=O QYFOCTRMZCNMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJCNZQUZWSHFHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].O=S=O Chemical compound [Li].O=S=O GJCNZQUZWSHFHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
- H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は、リチウム−塩化チオニル電池、リチウム−塩
化スルフリル電池あるいはリチウムー二酸化イオウ電池
のように、陰極活物質に融点の低いリチウムを用い、陽
極活物質兼電解液にオキシハロゲン化物系の非水系物質
を用いた電池に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention uses lithium, which has a low melting point, as a cathode active material, and uses lithium as a cathode active material, such as a lithium-thionyl chloride battery, a lithium-sulfuryl chloride battery, or a lithium-sulfur dioxide battery. This invention relates to a battery that uses an oxyhalide-based non-aqueous substance as an electrolyte.
従来の技術
従来りチウム−塩化チオニル電池あるいはリチウム−塩
化スルフリル電池に代表されるリチウム−オキシハロゲ
ン化物系の非水電池は、エネルギー密度が太き（、かつ
大電流放電の可能な電池として注目されている。Conventional technology Lithium-oxyhalide non-aqueous batteries, such as lithium-thionyl chloride batteries and lithium-sulfuryl chloride batteries, have attracted attention as batteries with high energy density (and high current discharge capability). ing.
しかし、陰極活物質であるリチウムの融点が１７９°Ｃ
と低いこと、リチウムと陽極活物質で隔
あるオキシハロゲン化物とのも離か、リチウム表面上に
生成する塩化リチウムの薄膜によっていることから安全
性の面において問題視されている。However, the melting point of lithium, which is the cathode active material, is 179°C.
It is considered a safety issue because the lithium is separated from the oxyhalide, which is separated by the anode active material, or by a thin film of lithium chloride that forms on the lithium surface.
例えば、大電流放電を行なうと電池温度が上昇して爆発
する可能性か生じる。これは電池温度がリチウムの融点
に達するとリチウムが融解すると同時に塩化リチウムの
薄膜が破壊されてリチウムとオキシハロゲン化物か急激
に反応するからである。For example, if a large current is discharged, the temperature of the battery will rise and there is a possibility of an explosion. This is because when the battery temperature reaches the melting point of lithium, the lithium melts and at the same time the thin film of lithium chloride is destroyed, causing a rapid reaction between the lithium and the oxyhalide.
一方、電池温度がリチウムの融点まで上昇しない場合で
も、温度上昇と共に内圧が増大して電池容器が破壊する
こともある。例えば、リチウム−塩化チオニル電池の放
電反応は次式で示されるように
４Ｌｉ＋２ＳＯＯ−ｇｔ→４Ｌ ｒ ＯＡ＋ ＳＯｔ
＋ Ｓ放電によりイオウと二酸化イオウが生成する。On the other hand, even if the battery temperature does not rise to the melting point of lithium, the internal pressure increases as the temperature rises and the battery container may break. For example, the discharge reaction of a lithium-thionyl chloride battery is as shown by the following formula: 4Li+2SOO-gt→4L r OA+ SOt
+ Sulfur and sulfur dioxide are produced by S discharge.
二酸化イオウは常温、大気中では気体であるか。Is sulfur dioxide a gas at room temperature and in the atmosphere?
塩化チオニル中に溶解し易いために室温程度では電池内
圧力の極端な増加は認められない。しかし、温度上昇に
ともなって二酸化イオウの溶解度が減少すると同時に塩
化チオニルの蒸気圧が増加して、電池内圧が急激に上昇
する。これか電池破壊の一つの原因と考えられている。Since it is easily dissolved in thionyl chloride, no extreme increase in the internal pressure of the battery is observed at around room temperature. However, as the temperature rises, the solubility of sulfur dioxide decreases and at the same time the vapor pressure of thionyl chloride increases, causing a rapid increase in the battery internal pressure. This is thought to be one of the causes of battery destruction.
このような大電流放電以外にも誤って充電した場合にで
も電池温度や内圧か上昇して電池を破壊することがある
。In addition to such large current discharge, even if the battery is charged incorrectly, the battery temperature and internal pressure may rise and the battery may be destroyed.
上記のような安全上の問題を解決するためには大電流放
電を防止するためのヒユーズあるいは電池の表面温度を
感知して出力を切断する温度ヒユーズやサーモスイッチ
もしべは充電を防止するためのダイオードを電池外部に
設ける方法か電池に安全弁を設ける方法しかなかった。In order to solve the above safety problems, it is necessary to install fuses to prevent large current discharge, temperature fuses and thermoswitches that detect the surface temperature of the battery and cut off the output, and also to prevent charging. The only options available were to install a diode outside the battery or to install a safety valve in the battery.
発明か解決しようとする問題点 上記した大電流放電をヒユーズ防止する場合。Invention or problem to be solved When preventing the fuse from the large current discharge mentioned above.
ヒユーズの切断電流値は一般にかなり大きな幅かあり、
かつ誤差も大きいので、安全性を高めるためにはできる
だけ小さな容量のものを用いることが好ましい。小さな
容量のヒユーズを用いると大きな電流を僅かな時間流し
てもヒユーズが切れる等の問題を有している。また温度
ヒユーズやサーモスイッチを用いる方法は、Ｎ油表面の
温度を感知して出力を切断するものであるから、極めて
大きな電流で放電した場合のように電池内部の急激な発
熱には対応できない。The fuse cutting current value generally has a fairly wide range.
Moreover, since the error is also large, it is preferable to use one with the smallest possible capacity in order to improve safety. If a fuse with a small capacity is used, there is a problem that the fuse will blow even if a large current is passed for a short period of time. Furthermore, methods using temperature fuses or thermoswitches detect the temperature of the N oil surface and cut off the output, so they cannot cope with rapid heat generation inside the battery, such as when discharging with an extremely large current.
このためヒユーズと併用する方法か一般的であるか、こ
の様なヒユーズ類の配線等が複雑になると同時にこれら
を収納するケース等が必要となるので、電池全体の重量
や体積か増加する。For this reason, the wiring of such fuses becomes complicated, and a case or the like is required to house them, which increases the weight and volume of the entire battery.
さらに、充電防止用ダイオードを設ける方法は。Furthermore, how to provide a charging prevention diode.
ダイオードを電池と直列に接続するために、放電電圧か
０．７〜０．８■低下する。またさらに電池に安全弁を
設ける方法は、内圧の異常な上昇を安全弁か開（ことに
より防止できるか、安全弁か開くと同時に腐食性が強い
電解液か外部に漏出して周辺の機器類を損傷させる惧れ
がある。Because the diode is connected in series with the battery, the discharge voltage is reduced by 0.7 to 0.8 cm. Furthermore, the method of installing a safety valve in a battery is to prevent an abnormal rise in internal pressure by opening the safety valve (or by opening the safety valve, the highly corrosive electrolyte may leak outside and damage surrounding equipment). There is a fear.
問題を解決するための手段
本発明は上記の如き欠点を除去するもので、電池缶周囲
に例えば第１図に示すような凹凸部を設け、さらに引張
る力により容易に切断する切断式集電端子を極板群から
引き出し、これを電池蓋あるいは電池缶底部に接続する
ものである。Means for Solving the Problem The present invention eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks, and provides a cut-off type current collector terminal that has an uneven portion around the battery can, for example, as shown in FIG. is pulled out from the electrode plate group and connected to the battery lid or the bottom of the battery can.
作用 充電等が中止される。action Charging, etc. will be stopped.
実施例
極板群ｌからの陽極端子を切！！＋式集電端子２の一端
に、他端を電池蓋３に接続する。極板群ｌからの陰極端
子は、パイプ状端子４に接続する。５はセラミックシー
ルである。Example: Cut off the anode terminal from electrode plate group l! ! One end of the + type current collector terminal 2 is connected to the battery cover 3 at the other end. The cathode terminal from the plate group l is connected to the pipe-shaped terminal 4. 5 is a ceramic seal.
切断式集電端子２は、第２図に示すように。The cut-off type current collector terminal 2 is as shown in FIG.
スリットを入れたニッケル板あるいはステンレス板を点
線部分から１８０°折り曲げて両端を引張ることにより
容易に切断できるようにしたものである。A slitted nickel or stainless steel plate is bent 180 degrees from the dotted line and can be easily cut by pulling both ends.
凹凸部６を有する電池缶７は、例えば第３図に示す装置
で製作することかできる。該装置で製作する場合につい
て説明すると、電池缶７を電池缶固定具８で固定し、電
池缶７中には、円柱にＵ字状の溝を設けた回転式凹金型
９を２本人れ、両者を電池缶７の１本の直径上におき、
さらにこれらを電池缶７の内側に接触させる。The battery can 7 having the concave and convex portions 6 can be manufactured using, for example, the apparatus shown in FIG. 3. To explain the case of manufacturing with this device, a battery can 7 is fixed with a battery can fixture 8, and two rotary concave molds 9 each having a U-shaped groove in a cylinder are placed inside the battery can 7. , place both on the diameter of one of the battery cans 7,
Furthermore, these are brought into contact with the inside of the battery can 7.
一方、電池缶７の外側に１回転式凹金型９の凹部にはま
り込むような円板を有した回転式凸金型１０を配置し、
これを電池缶７の外側に接触させる。回転式凹金型９と
電池缶固定具８を回転させながら、電池缶７に回転式凸
金型ｌＯを押しつけて行くと、第１図に示したような凹
凸部を有する電池缶７か完成する。On the other hand, a rotary convex mold 10 having a disc that fits into the concave portion of the single-rotation concave mold 9 is arranged outside the battery can 7,
This is brought into contact with the outside of the battery can 7. While rotating the rotary concave mold 9 and the battery can fixture 8, the rotary convex mold 10 is pressed against the battery can 7, thereby completing the battery can 7 having uneven parts as shown in Fig. 1. do.
このような電池缶７や切断式集電端子２を用いた電池で
も、切断式集電端子２のたるみか大きいと内圧か上昇し
電池が延びても、切断式集電端子２か切断しない場合が
ある。たるみを防止するためには、電池蓋３と極板群ｌ
までの距離を切断式集電端子２かたるまない程度に固定
することが必要である。Even in a battery using such a battery can 7 or a cut-off type current collector terminal 2, if the cut-off type current collector terminal 2 is slack or large, the internal pressure will rise and the battery will extend, but the cut-off type current collector terminal 2 may not be disconnected. There is. To prevent sagging, the battery cover 3 and the electrode plate group l should be
It is necessary to fix the distance to such an extent that the cut-off type current collector terminal 2 does not sag.
この方法の一例は、第１図のように、電池内側のパイプ
状端子４の長さをこの距離に等しくし、さらにこの先端
にニッケル板あるいはステンレス板をこの端子に対して
直角に固定するものである。An example of this method is to make the length of the pipe-shaped terminal 4 inside the battery equal to this distance, and to fix a nickel plate or stainless steel plate to the tip at right angles to this terminal, as shown in Figure 1. It is.
このように加工した極板群ｌを電池缶７に収納する場合
は、まず極板群ｌを電池缶７に収納し、次いで電池蓋３
で極板群ｌと切断式集電端子２を電池缶７内に押し込む
。When storing the electrode plate group l processed in this way in the battery can 7, first store the electrode plate group l in the battery can 7, and then close the battery lid 3.
Push the electrode plate group 1 and the cut-off type current collector terminal 2 into the battery can 7.
電池蓋３と極板群ｌとの距離は、パイプ状端子４で切断
式集電端子２がたるまない程度に固定されるので、切断
式集電端子２が太き（たるむようなことはなく、安全性
を十分確保できる。The distance between the battery cover 3 and the electrode plate group l is fixed by the pipe-shaped terminal 4 to such an extent that the cut-off type current collector terminal 2 does not sag. , sufficient safety can be ensured.
次に、大電流放電や充電を行なうと電池の内圧が上昇す
るが、安全の限界の内圧になると電池缶７の凹凸部６が
平坦になって電池が長さ方向に延びるように設計してお
けば安全の限界の内圧に達すると、電池缶７か伸延する
と同時に切断式集電端子２か引張られて切断する。該切
断により、電池の放電あるいは充電が中止するので、こ
れ以上内圧は上昇しなくなり、電池の爆発や破裂を防止
することかできる。さらに、電池缶７に凹凸部６かある
と電池の表面積か太き（なるために、凹凸部６のない通
常の電池に比べて冷却効果か大きく、最大許容放電電流
は通常の電池より大きくなる利点を有している。Next, when discharging or charging a large current, the internal pressure of the battery rises, but when the internal pressure reaches the safe limit, the uneven part 6 of the battery can 7 becomes flat and the battery is designed to extend in the length direction. If the internal pressure reaches a safe limit, the battery can 7 will be stretched and at the same time the cut-off current collector terminal 2 will be pulled and cut. Since the discharging or charging of the battery is stopped by the disconnection, the internal pressure will no longer increase, and explosion or rupture of the battery can be prevented. Furthermore, if the battery can 7 has uneven portions 6, the surface area of the battery becomes thicker, so the cooling effect is greater than that of a normal battery without uneven portions 6, and the maximum allowable discharge current is larger than that of a normal battery. It has advantages.
発明の効果
上述のように本発明によれば、大電流放電や充電等によ
り電池内圧力か異常に上昇した場合に、電池内の切断式
集電端子か切断して放電や充電等が中止するので、電池
の爆発や破裂を防止することができ、また電池缶の凹凸
部により電池冷却効果も大である等工業的価値基だ大な
るものである。Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, when the internal pressure of the battery rises abnormally due to large current discharge or charging, the disconnectable current collector terminal inside the battery is disconnected and discharging or charging is stopped. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the battery from exploding or bursting, and the uneven parts of the battery can also have a great cooling effect on the battery, which has great industrial value.
第１図は本発明におけるリチウム−塩化チオニル電池の
一実施例を示す断面図、第２図は切断式集電端子の構造
説明図、第３図は電池缶に凹凸部を設ける状態を示す概
略説明図である。
１は極板群、２は切断式集電端子、３は電池蓋、６は凹
凸部、７は電池缶Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the lithium-thionyl chloride battery according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a structural explanatory diagram of a cut-off type current collector terminal, and Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which uneven portions are provided on the battery can. It is an explanatory diagram. 1 is the electrode plate group, 2 is the cut-off collector terminal, 3 is the battery cover, 6 is the uneven part, and 7 is the battery can
Claims (1)
する極板群が収納され、切断式集電端子は電池蓋あるい
は電池缶底部に接続することを特徴とするリチウム電池
。A lithium battery characterized in that a group of electrode plates having a cut-off type current collector terminal is housed in a battery can having an uneven portion formed around the periphery, and the cut-off type current collector terminal is connected to a battery lid or the bottom of the battery can.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62072634A JP2526573B2 (en) | 1987-03-26 | 1987-03-26 | Lithium battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62072634A JP2526573B2 (en) | 1987-03-26 | 1987-03-26 | Lithium battery |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63237360A true JPS63237360A (en) | 1988-10-03 |
| JP2526573B2 JP2526573B2 (en) | 1996-08-21 |
Family
ID=13495015
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62072634A Expired - Lifetime JP2526573B2 (en) | 1987-03-26 | 1987-03-26 | Lithium battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2526573B2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0370634A2 (en) * | 1988-10-27 | 1990-05-30 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Cell circuit interrupter |
| JPH11265704A (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 1999-09-28 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Nonaqueous battery and electrode terminal |
| EP0961331A1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 1999-12-01 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. | Arrangement for implementing a safety feature in a battery, and a battery |
| JP2001143666A (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2001-05-25 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | Cylindrical lithium ion cell |
| JP2008171649A (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-24 | Seiko Instruments Inc | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
-
1987
- 1987-03-26 JP JP62072634A patent/JP2526573B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0370634A2 (en) * | 1988-10-27 | 1990-05-30 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Cell circuit interrupter |
| EP0370634A3 (en) * | 1988-10-27 | 1991-10-23 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Cell circuit interrupter |
| JPH11265704A (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 1999-09-28 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Nonaqueous battery and electrode terminal |
| EP0961331A1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 1999-12-01 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. | Arrangement for implementing a safety feature in a battery, and a battery |
| US6713209B1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2004-03-30 | Nokia Mobile Phones, Ltd. | Arrangement for implementing a safety feature in a battery |
| JP2001143666A (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2001-05-25 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | Cylindrical lithium ion cell |
| JP2008171649A (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-24 | Seiko Instruments Inc | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2526573B2 (en) | 1996-08-21 |
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