JPS63218375A - Static-charging preventive method for thermal head - Google Patents
Static-charging preventive method for thermal headInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63218375A JPS63218375A JP62053621A JP5362187A JPS63218375A JP S63218375 A JPS63218375 A JP S63218375A JP 62053621 A JP62053621 A JP 62053621A JP 5362187 A JP5362187 A JP 5362187A JP S63218375 A JPS63218375 A JP S63218375A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- protective film
- printing
- resistors
- static
- heating resistor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- DQGSJTVMODPFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N omega-dodecanolactone Natural products O=C1CCCCCCCCCCCO1 DQGSJTVMODPFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/315—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material
- B41J2/32—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads
- B41J2/35—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads providing current or voltage to the thermal head
Landscapes
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
この発明はサーマルヘッドの保護膜上の帯電防止方法に
関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method for preventing static electricity on a protective film of a thermal head.
近年、ファクシミリ、プリンタ用の印字デバイスとして
、サーマルヘッドが使われている。一般にサーマルヘッ
ドは絶縁基板上に発熱抵抗体全形成し該発熱抵抗体に通
電し、発熱させることにより感熱記録紙上に数字・文字
・記号等を記録したりあるいは発熱抵抗体を発熱させイ
ンクフィルムに押しつけることによって、インクを熱溶
解させて受像紙上に数字・文字・記号等を転写し記録す
るデバイスである。In recent years, thermal heads have been used as printing devices for facsimiles and printers. Generally, a thermal head has a heating resistor formed entirely on an insulating substrate, and the heating resistor is energized to generate heat to record numbers, letters, symbols, etc. on thermal recording paper, or to make the heating resistor generate heat and press it against an ink film. This is a device that transfers and records numbers, letters, symbols, etc. onto image-receiving paper by melting ink with heat.
さて、第７図に示すものは、公開特許公報昭６０−２１
９０７３号に示されたこの種のサーマルヘッドを示す断
面図であり 、 （１１はセラミック等の絶縁材料から
なる基板、（２１はその表面に形成されたブレース層で
ある。そしてこのブレース層（２）の表面に金等の導電
材料からなるリード（３）を所定の間隔を置いて設置す
る。このリード（３）をまたぐように発熱抵抗体（４）
を帯状に形成する。普通は抵抗ペーストを印刷・焼成し
て厚膜として形成する。Now, what is shown in Figure 7 is the published patent publication No. 60-21.
9073 is a cross-sectional view showing this type of thermal head, (11 is a substrate made of an insulating material such as ceramic, (21 is a brace layer formed on the surface thereof, and this brace layer (2 ).Leads (3) made of conductive material such as gold are placed at predetermined intervals on the surface of the lead (3).A heating resistor (4) is placed across the leads (3).
Form into a strip. Usually, a resistive paste is printed and fired to form a thick film.
発熱抵抗体（４）はこれを横切るリード（３）によって
区画される。隣シ合う一対のリード（３１間の抵抗体部
分（４Ａ）が１ドツトとして作用を果す。発熱抵抗体（
４）の表面を耐摩耗性の保護膜（５）でコーティングす
る。＋６１はインクフィルムで、一般にはポリエステル
等の樹脂からなるベースフィルム（７）とその表面に塗
布されているインク（８）とから構成される。（９）は
受像紙、Ｃ１は発熱抵抗体（４）上の保護膜１５＋上に
位置しインクフィルム（６）と受像紙（９７を押圧させ
搬送するプラテンである。対をなすリード（３）間に通
電することにより、その間にある発熱抵抗体部分（４Ａ
）が発熱し、この熱によシインクフイルム（６）上のイ
ンク部分が溶解して受像紙＋９３に転写される。The heating resistor (4) is defined by a lead (3) that crosses it. The resistor part (4A) between a pair of adjacent leads (31) acts as one dot.The heating resistor (
The surface of step 4) is coated with a wear-resistant protective film (5). +61 is an ink film, which is generally composed of a base film (7) made of a resin such as polyester and an ink (8) coated on the surface of the base film (7). (9) is image receiving paper, and C1 is a platen located on the protective film 15+ on the heating resistor (4) and presses and conveys the ink film (6) and image receiving paper (97). Between the pair of leads (3) By applying current to the heating resistor part (4A
) generates heat, and this heat melts the ink portion on the ink film (6) and transfers it to the image receiving paper +93.
第８図はリード（３）と発熱抵抗体（４）を示す平面図
である。FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the leads (3) and the heating resistor (4).
さて、プラテン（１１）Ｉｃよるインクフィルム（６１
と受像紙（９）との搬送により、保護膜（５）とインク
フィルム（６）のベースフィルム（７）とが摺接し合い
、両者に数Ｋｖ〜数１ＱＫｖに及ぶような静電気が発生
して帯電する。したがって、発熱抵抗体（４）を経由し
て高圧微小電流が、一時といえども流れた場合には、そ
の部分の発熱抵抗体（４）は抵抗値の変化を起こし、結
果、発熱抵抗体（４）は劣化する。また発熱抵抗体（４
）の通電制御ＩＯ等を搭載している場合、通常耐圧は１
００〜２００ｖ程度であるから通電制御ＩＯは当然のこ
とながら高電圧パルス印加にて破壊したり劣化したシす
る。したがって、保護膜（５）とベースフィルム（７）
両者間に発生した静電気が保護膜（５）を通して発熱抵
抗体（４）、リード＋３１ Ｋ高電圧パルスとして印加
されないようにすることが必要で、公開特許公報昭６０
−２１９０７３号では静電気による帯電を低下させる目
的で保護膜１５１を導電性のガラスにて構成している。Now, ink film (61) by platen (11) Ic.
As the image receiving paper (9) is conveyed, the protective film (5) and the base film (7) of the ink film (6) come into sliding contact with each other, and static electricity ranging from several Kv to several QKv is generated between them, causing them to be charged. do. Therefore, if a high-voltage minute current flows through the heating resistor (4) even temporarily, the resistance value of the heating resistor (4) in that part will change, and as a result, the heating resistor (4) will change its resistance value. 4) deteriorates. In addition, the heating resistor (4
), the normal withstand voltage is 1.
Since the voltage is about 00 to 200 V, the energization control IO is naturally likely to be destroyed or deteriorated by the application of high voltage pulses. Therefore, the protective film (5) and the base film (7)
It is necessary to prevent the static electricity generated between the two from being applied as a high voltage pulse to the heating resistor (4) and the lead through the protective film (5).
In No. 219073, the protective film 151 is made of conductive glass for the purpose of reducing static electricity charging.
また、第９図に示すのは公開特許公報昭６０−３８１７
９号に示されたもので、発熱抵抗体（４１を形成した基
板（１）周縁に接地用導体ａ１）を設けている。Also, Fig. 9 shows the published patent publication No. 60-3817.
No. 9, a grounding conductor a1 is provided on the periphery of a substrate (1) on which a heating resistor (41) is formed.
従来のサーマルヘッド又はサーマルヘッド装置における
帯電防止は以上のように構成されているので公開特許公
報昭６０−２１９０７３号では導電液保護膜材料に奇生
金属で高価な酸化ルテニウム（ＲｖＯｚ ）を必要とし
、サーマルヘッドが高価になったり導電性保護膜の導電
率がすべての場所で同一とはならない為、部分的に帯電
しやすいところがあり、また、公開特許公報昭６０−３
８１７９号では接地用導体を必要とするので基板が大型
化し、ひいてはサーマルヘッドが高価格になってしまっ
たり、また、接地用導体が保護膜にて被れていない為、
インクリボンにより摩耗したり、インクリボンを傷っけ
切ってしまう等の問題点があった。The antistatic function in conventional thermal heads or thermal head devices is constructed as described above, and therefore, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-219073, ruthenium oxide (RvOz), which is an exotic metal and is expensive, is required as a conductive liquid protective film material. , because the thermal head is expensive and the conductivity of the conductive protective film is not the same in all places, it is easy to get charged in some places.
No. 8179 requires a grounding conductor, which makes the board larger and the thermal head more expensive.Also, since the grounding conductor is not covered with a protective film,
There were problems such as the ink ribbon being worn away and the ink ribbon being damaged.
この発明は上記のような問題点を解消するためになされ
たもので、導電性保護膜を用いることなく、また、接地
用導体を設けることなく保護膜上の帯電を防止すること
を目的とする。This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to prevent charging on the protective film without using a conductive protective film or providing a grounding conductor. .
この発明に係るサーマルヘッドの帯電防止方法は、ＩＯ
搭載型のサーマルヘッドにおいて、印字情報に係りなく
定期的あるいは、不定的に発熱抵抗体を通電し、保護膜
上の帯電防止をしたものである。The method for preventing static electricity in a thermal head according to the present invention is based on an IO
In a mounted thermal head, the heating resistor is periodically or irregularly energized regardless of the printed information to prevent static buildup on the protective film.
この発明におけるサーマルヘッドの帯電防止方法は、発
熱抵抗体を通電することによシ、保護膜上の電荷を強制
的に保護膜中の微少な通電路に通し、導体に接地するこ
とによシ保護膜上の帯電を高電位にしないことにより、
帯電防止を図るものである。The method for preventing static electricity in a thermal head according to the present invention is to forcibly pass the charge on the protective film through a minute current-carrying path in the protective film by energizing the heating resistor, and then grounding it to a conductor. By not raising the charge on the protective film to a high potential,
This is to prevent static electricity.
以下、この発明の一実施例を図について説明する。第１
図に示すものはｌライン分の印字情報をシフトレジスタ
に転送し、該情報にて、発熱抵抗体を所定期間通電させ
る構成のｒａ搭載型のサーマルヘッドの等価回路図を示
すものであり、公開特許公報昭５９−１３３０８１号に
て公知である。An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1st
The figure shows an equivalent circuit diagram of an RA-mounted thermal head that transfers printing information for one line to a shift register and uses the information to energize a heating resistor for a predetermined period of time. It is known from Patent Publication No. 133081/1981.
また、第２図は第１図の等価回路図の通常の印字動作タ
イミングチャートである。第１図、第２図において、（
４）はＮ個の発熱抵抗体、（Ｉりは発熱抵抗体（４）に
つながる一方の取り出し電極を共通に接続した共通電極
（以下、信号名称を布と称す。）、 “Ｃ１３）１Ｎ
ビツトのシフトレジスタへの印字情報入力端子（以下、
信号名称をＤＡＴＡと称す。）αａはＤＡＴＡ信号の同
期信号となる入力端子（以下信号名称をＣＬＯＣｔＫと
称す。）（Ｌ！１９はＮビットの印字情報をＮビットの
記憶回路への転送制御する入刃端子（以下、信号名称１
ＬＡＴｃ！Ｈと称す。）、（ＬＱは記憶回路の内容にて
、所定期間、発熱抵抗体（３）を通電制御する入力端子
（以下、信号名称を５ＴＲＯＢＥと称す。）である。Further, FIG. 2 is a normal printing operation timing chart of the equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 1. In Figures 1 and 2, (
4) is N heating resistors, (I is a common electrode (hereinafter, the signal name is referred to as cloth) in which one extraction electrode connected to the heating resistor (4) is commonly connected, "C13) 1N
Print information input terminal to the bit shift register (hereinafter referred to as
The signal name is called DATA. ) αa is an input terminal that serves as a synchronization signal for the DATA signal (hereinafter the signal name is referred to as CLOCtK) (L!19 is an input terminal that controls the transfer of N-bit printing information to an N-bit storage circuit (hereinafter, a signal Name 1
LATc! It is called H. ), (LQ is an input terminal (hereinafter, the signal name will be referred to as 5TROBE) that controls energization of the heating resistor (3) for a predetermined period according to the contents of the memory circuit.
次に通常の印字動作について説明する。第２図に示すよ
うに、共通電極■にＶなる印加電圧を与え、ＤＡＴＡ信
号と０ＬＯＯＫ信号と同期させてシフトレジスタに印字
情報を転送した後、ＬＡＴＯＨ信号にて、印字情報を記
憶回路に保持し５ＴＲＯＢＥの°ＨＩＣ！Ｈの時間、記
憶回路が１ＨＩＧ Ｈ，となった発熱抵抗体（３）のみ
接地され通電され、発熱することによｐサーマルヘッド
の動作がなされる。Next, normal printing operation will be explained. As shown in Figure 2, an applied voltage of V is applied to the common electrode (■), the print information is transferred to the shift register in synchronization with the DATA signal and the 0LOOK signal, and then the print information is held in the memory circuit using the LATOH signal. 5 TROBE's °HIC! During the H time, only the heating resistor (3) whose memory circuit is at 1HIGH is grounded and energized, and the p-thermal head operates by generating heat.
さて、以上のような動作にもとづいて、発明者は受像紙
（９Ｊ、インクフィルム（６１をプラテン＋９１ Ｋて
サーマルヘッド上に搬送し、所定の印字、ｆターンを印
字させ、帯電による影響を調べる目的で耐久試験を行な
った。第４図に示すものがその結果を示すものであり、
耐久試験距離と印字率の違ｂ１による抵抗値変化の平均
値の関係を示すものであり図において、印字率が高い場
合の抵抗値が徐々に上昇して行く原因は発熱抵抗体自身
の酸化あるいは拡散が進行したと考えられ、印字率が低
い場合の急激な抵抗値の上昇は静電気の影響による発熱
抵抗体の劣化、破壊であった。このことから、発明者は
第３図に示す動作タイミングチャートに示すごとく印字
情報に係りなく印字周期ごとに全印字信号を送シ受像紙
に印字させない時間、発熱抵抗体に通電し耐久試験を行
なった。その結果を第５図に示す。第５図に示すように
静電気による破壊劣化は第４図に比べ軽減された。これ
は保護膜（５１上の電荷を保護膜＋５１中の微少通電路
よシミ極す−ド（３〕１発熱抵抗体（４）に高電位にな
る前に強制的に通し、逃がすことにより、保護膜（５１
上の帯電防止が計られることを示している。Now, based on the above-mentioned operation, the inventor conveyed the image receiving paper (9J) and the ink film (61) onto the thermal head using the platen + 91K, printed a predetermined print and f-turn, and investigated the effect of charging. A durability test was carried out using the following methods.The results are shown in Figure 4.
This figure shows the relationship between the average resistance change due to the difference b1 in durability test distance and printing rate.In the figure, the reason why the resistance value gradually increases when the printing rate is high is due to oxidation of the heating resistor itself or It is thought that diffusion had progressed, and the rapid increase in resistance value when the printing rate was low was due to deterioration or destruction of the heating resistor due to the influence of static electricity. Based on this, the inventor conducted a durability test by energizing the heating resistor during a time period during which the entire print signal was not printed on the image-receiving paper, regardless of the print information, regardless of the print information. Ta. The results are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the breakdown and deterioration due to static electricity was reduced compared to FIG. This is done by forcibly passing the charge on the protective film (51) through the minute current-carrying path in the protective film (51) and letting it pass through the heating resistor (4) before it reaches a high potential. Protective film (51
This shows that the above anti-static effect is being taken into account.
なお、上記実施例では従来のＩＣ搭載型のサーマルヘッ
ドを用いて帯電防止をする方法について示したが、第６
図に示すごとく印字信号に係りなく発熱抵抗体を通電す
る信号端子ＡＬＬＯＮαηをｒｅに設け、ＡＬＬ、ＯＮ
端子αηをＨＩＧＨ，にして受像紙（９〕に印字しない
期間定期的又は不定的に発熱抵抗体を通電してもよく、
上記実施例と同様の効果を奏する。また、上記実施例で
は発熱抵抗体（４）が厚膜プロセスによるものについて
示したが、薄膜プロセスによるものであってもよく、上
記実施例と同様の効果を奏する。In addition, in the above embodiment, a method for preventing static electricity using a conventional IC-mounted thermal head was shown, but the sixth embodiment
As shown in the figure, a signal terminal ALLONαη that conducts current to the heating resistor regardless of the print signal is provided at re, and ALL, ON
The heating resistor may be energized periodically or irregularly while the terminal αη is set to HIGH and no printing is performed on the image receiving paper (9).
The same effects as in the above embodiment are achieved. Further, in the above embodiment, the heating resistor (4) is formed by a thick film process, but it may be formed by a thin film process, and the same effects as in the above embodiment can be obtained.
以上のようにこの発明によれば、ＩＣ搭載型のサーマル
ヘッドにおいて、印字情報に係りなく定期的あるいは不
定的に発熱抵抗体を通電し、保護膜上の帯電防止をした
ので、サーマルヘッドが安価にでき、接地用導体による
不具合がないものが得られる効果がある。As described above, according to the present invention, in an IC-mounted thermal head, the heating resistor is energized periodically or irregularly regardless of the printed information to prevent static electricity on the protective film, so the thermal head is inexpensive. This has the effect of making it possible to obtain a device without any problems caused by the grounding conductor.
第１図は工Ｃ搭載型のサーマルヘッドを示す等価回路図
、ＭＩＩ２図は第１図の通常の印字動作タイミングチャ
ートを示す図、第３図はこの発明の一実施例を示す動作
タイミングチャートを示す図、第４図は帯電防止をしな
い場合の印字耐久試験結果を示す図、第５図はこの発明
の一実施例による印字耐久試験結果を示す図、８６図は
この発明の他の実施例を示すＩＣ搭載型サーマルヘッド
の等価回路図、第７図および第８図は従来のサーマルヘ
ッドの帯電防止方法を示す断面図及び平面図、第９図（
ａ）及び（ｂ）は従来の他のサーマルヘッドの耐電防止
方法を示す断面図及び平面図である。
図において、（４）は発熱抵抗体、（１２）は共通電極
■、０はＤＡＴＡ信号、α荀は０ＬＯＯＫ信号、α＄は
ＬＡＴＯＨ信号、（ＩＱは５ＴＲＯＢＥ信号、任りはＡ
ＬＬＯＮ信号である。
なお、図中同一符号は同一、又は相当部分を示す口Fig. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing a thermal head of type C installed, Fig. MII2 is a diagram showing a normal printing operation timing chart of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is an operation timing chart showing an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 is a diagram showing the results of a printing durability test in the case of no antistatic charge, Figure 5 is a diagram showing the results of a printing durability test according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 86 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the invention. FIGS. 7 and 8 are a cross-sectional view and a plan view showing a conventional method for preventing static electricity in a thermal head, and FIG. 9 (
1A and 2B are a cross-sectional view and a plan view showing another conventional method for preventing electrical resistance of a thermal head. In the figure, (4) is the heat generating resistor, (12) is the common electrode ■, 0 is the DATA signal, α is the 0LOOK signal, α$ is the LATOH signal, (IQ is the 5 TROBE signal, and A is the
This is the LLON signal. In addition, the same symbols in the figures indicate the same or equivalent parts.
Claims (2)
に係りなく、定期的あるいは不定的に発熱抵抗体を通電
したことを特徴とするサーマルヘッドの帯電防止方法。(1) A method for preventing static electricity in a thermal head equipped with an IC, characterized in that a heating resistor is energized periodically or irregularly, regardless of printed information.
子をＩＣに設けたことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１
項記載のサーマルヘッドの帯電防止方法。(2) Claim 1, characterized in that the IC is provided with a signal terminal that energizes the heating resistor regardless of printed information.
Method for preventing static electricity on the thermal head described in section.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62053621A JPS63218375A (en) | 1987-03-09 | 1987-03-09 | Static-charging preventive method for thermal head |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62053621A JPS63218375A (en) | 1987-03-09 | 1987-03-09 | Static-charging preventive method for thermal head |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63218375A true JPS63218375A (en) | 1988-09-12 |
Family
ID=12947977
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62053621A Pending JPS63218375A (en) | 1987-03-09 | 1987-03-09 | Static-charging preventive method for thermal head |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63218375A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5349623A (en) * | 1991-10-14 | 1994-09-20 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Driving circuit for exothermic resistors |
-
1987
- 1987-03-09 JP JP62053621A patent/JPS63218375A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5349623A (en) * | 1991-10-14 | 1994-09-20 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Driving circuit for exothermic resistors |
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