JPS6321832B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6321832B2 JPS6321832B2 JP15139080A JP15139080A JPS6321832B2 JP S6321832 B2 JPS6321832 B2 JP S6321832B2 JP 15139080 A JP15139080 A JP 15139080A JP 15139080 A JP15139080 A JP 15139080A JP S6321832 B2 JPS6321832 B2 JP S6321832B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- alcohol
- injection amount
- sensor
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
- F02D41/2474—Characteristics of sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
- F02D41/2454—Learning of the air-fuel ratio control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
- F02D2200/0611—Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明はアルコールを含有するガソリン燃料を
使用することのある自動車用機関の電子制御式燃
料噴射方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electronically controlled fuel injection method for a motor vehicle engine that may use alcohol-containing gasoline fuel.
アルコールとガソリンとでは理論空燃比が相違
しているため、燃料噴射量がアルコール濃度に関
係なく決定されると、特に空燃比帰還信号が切ら
れる開ループ制御時に、実際の空燃比が最適な値
から大きくずれ、運転性および燃費の悪化、およ
び有害成分の放出量の増大という不具合が起き
る。また閉ループ制御時においても、燃料噴射量
がアルコール濃度に関係なく決定されると、アル
コール濃度が高いときには空燃比の最適制御が実
施不可能になることがある。したがつて吸入空気
流量および機関回転速度等の機関作動パラメータ
とともに、アルコールセンサを介して検出された
燃料中のアルコール濃度に基づいて燃料噴射量を
計算することが望ましいが、例えば静電容量型ア
ルコールセンサ等では、アルコールだけでなく水
のような不純物によつて出力が変動し、また出力
の経時変化も考えられ、アルコール濃度に基づい
て燃料噴射量が計算されるにもかかわらず、適切
な空燃比が得られないという支障がある。 Since the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio is different for alcohol and gasoline, if the fuel injection amount is determined regardless of the alcohol concentration, the actual air-fuel ratio will be the optimal value, especially during open-loop control when the air-fuel ratio feedback signal is turned off. This results in problems such as deterioration of drivability and fuel efficiency, and an increase in the amount of harmful components released. Furthermore, even during closed-loop control, if the fuel injection amount is determined without regard to the alcohol concentration, optimal control of the air-fuel ratio may not be possible when the alcohol concentration is high. Therefore, it is desirable to calculate the fuel injection amount based on the alcohol concentration in the fuel detected via an alcohol sensor, as well as engine operating parameters such as intake air flow rate and engine rotational speed. The output of sensors, etc. fluctuates not only due to alcohol but also impurities such as water, and the output may also change over time. There is a problem that the fuel ratio cannot be obtained.
本発明の目的は、不純物や経時変化に因るアル
コールセンサの出力変動にもかかわらず、アルコ
ール濃度に関係した適切な燃料噴射量を得ること
ができる電子制御式燃料噴射方法を提供すること
である。 An object of the present invention is to provide an electronically controlled fuel injection method that can obtain an appropriate fuel injection amount related to alcohol concentration despite fluctuations in the output of an alcohol sensor due to impurities or changes over time. .
この目的を達成するために本発明によれば、ア
ルコールセンサを介して検出された燃料中のアル
コール濃度および機関の作動パラメータに基づい
て計算された燃料の基本噴射量と、この基本噴射
量を混合気の実際の空燃比に基づいて補正した実
際の噴射量との差を記憶し、この記憶された差に
基づいてアルコールセンサの出力を補正する。し
たがつて基本噴射量は、アルコールセンサの出力
の補正値に基づいて、すなわちアルコールセンサ
の出力変動にもかかわらず実際のアルコール濃度
にほぼ等しい値に基づいて計算されるので、アル
コール濃度に関係した適切な空燃比を得ることが
できる。 To achieve this objective, according to the invention, this basic injection amount is mixed with a basic injection amount of fuel calculated on the basis of the alcohol concentration in the fuel detected via the alcohol sensor and the operating parameters of the engine. The difference from the actual injection amount corrected based on the actual air-fuel ratio of air is stored, and the output of the alcohol sensor is corrected based on this stored difference. Therefore, the basic injection amount is calculated based on the corrected value of the output of the alcohol sensor, that is, based on a value that is approximately equal to the actual alcohol concentration despite fluctuations in the output of the alcohol sensor. An appropriate air-fuel ratio can be obtained.
図面を参照して本発明の実施例を説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
第１図において本発明が適用される電子制御式
燃料噴射装置全体を概略的に説明すると、エアク
リーナ１から吸入された空気は、スロツトルボデ
ー２に設けられて運転室の加速ペダル３に連動す
る絞り弁４により流量を制御され、その後サージ
タンク５、吸気分岐管６、および吸気弁７を介し
て機関本体８の燃焼室９へ供給される。燃焼室９
で燃焼された混合気は排気ガスとして排気弁１
０、および排気分岐管１１を介して放出される。
電磁式燃料噴射弁１４は各燃焼室９に対応して吸
気分岐管６に設けられる。電子制御部１５は、絞
り弁２の全閉状態を検出するスロツトルスイツチ
１６、機関本体８のウオータジヤケツト１７に取
付けられる水温センサ１８、エアクリーナ１と絞
り弁４との間に設けられて吸入空気流量を検出す
るエアフローメータ１９、吸気温度を検出する吸
気温センサ２０、ピストン２１に連接棒２２を介
して結合しているクランク軸の回転角を検出する
ためにクランク軸から1/2に減速し結合するデイ
ストリビユータシヤフトの回転角を検出する回転
角センサ２３、排気分岐管１１に設けられて排気
ガス中の酸素濃度を検出する空燃比センサ２４等
から入力信号を受ける。回転角センサ２３は、ク
ランク軸の２回転につき１つのパルスを発生する
部分２６と、所定のクランク角度、例えば30゜ご
とにパルスを発生する部分２７とを備える。燃料
噴射弁１４へは燃料通路２９を介して燃料タンク
３０から燃料ポンプ３１により燃料が圧送され
る。燃料通路２９には、燃料通路中のアルコール
濃度を検出するアルコールセンサ２５が設けら
れ、アルコールセンサ２５の出力も電子制御部１
５へ送られる。アルコールセンサ２５は、誘電率
の変化からアルコール濃度を検出するものとして
周知である。電子制御部１５は種々の入力信号に
基づいて燃料噴射量、燃料噴射時期を計算し、燃
料噴射パルスを燃料噴射弁１４へ送るとともに、
点火時期を計算し、点火コイル３２へ信号を送
る。点火コイル３２の二次電流はデイストリビユ
ータ３３へ送られる。なお噴射弁１４は、電子制
御部からパルスを受信している期間だけ開状態に
維持される。 To roughly explain the entire electronically controlled fuel injection system to which the present invention is applied in FIG. 4, and then supplied to the combustion chamber 9 of the engine body 8 via the surge tank 5, intake branch pipe 6, and intake valve 7. Combustion chamber 9
The air-fuel mixture combusted in the exhaust valve 1 is used as exhaust gas.
0, and is discharged via the exhaust branch pipe 11.
An electromagnetic fuel injection valve 14 is provided in the intake branch pipe 6 corresponding to each combustion chamber 9. The electronic control unit 15 includes a throttle switch 16 that detects the fully closed state of the throttle valve 2, a water temperature sensor 18 that is attached to the water jacket 17 of the engine body 8, and a water temperature sensor 18 that is installed between the air cleaner 1 and the throttle valve 4 to detect the intake air. An air flow meter 19 detects the air flow rate, an intake air temperature sensor 20 detects the intake air temperature, and the crankshaft is connected to the piston 21 via a connecting rod 22 to detect the rotation angle of the crankshaft, which is decelerated to 1/2. Input signals are received from a rotation angle sensor 23 that detects the rotation angle of the distributor shaft connected thereto, an air-fuel ratio sensor 24 provided in the exhaust branch pipe 11 that detects the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, and the like. The rotation angle sensor 23 includes a portion 26 that generates one pulse for every two revolutions of the crankshaft, and a portion 27 that generates a pulse every predetermined crank angle, for example, every 30 degrees. Fuel is force-fed from a fuel tank 30 to the fuel injection valve 14 via a fuel passage 29 by a fuel pump 31. The fuel passage 29 is provided with an alcohol sensor 25 that detects the alcohol concentration in the fuel passage, and the output of the alcohol sensor 25 is also controlled by the electronic control unit 1.
Sent to 5. The alcohol sensor 25 is well known as one that detects alcohol concentration from changes in dielectric constant. The electronic control unit 15 calculates the fuel injection amount and fuel injection timing based on various input signals, sends a fuel injection pulse to the fuel injection valve 14, and
The ignition timing is calculated and a signal is sent to the ignition coil 32. The secondary current of the ignition coil 32 is sent to a distributor 33. Note that the injection valve 14 is maintained in the open state only while receiving pulses from the electronic control section.
第２図は電子制御部１５において行なわれる制
御のフローチヤートである。ステツプ３５で機関
回転速度、吸入空気流量および絞り弁位置等の作
動パラメータを読込む。ステツプ３６では、これ
らの作動パラメータの他に燃料中のアルコール濃
度をも考慮して増量を計算する。ステツプ３７で
は吸入空気流量と機関回転速度とに基づいて噴射
量を計算し、この噴射量にステツプ３６の増量を
加算して得られる基本噴射量を計算する。ステツ
プ３８では空燃比センサ２４からの帰還信号に基
づいて基本噴射量を補正する。すなわち空燃比セ
ンサ２４が希薄信号を発生しているときは基本噴
射量は増大され、他方空燃比センサが過濃信号を
発生しているときは基本噴射量は減少される。こ
のような補正の結果、ステツプ３９で実際の噴射
量を決定し、実際の噴射量に基づいて噴射弁１４
が駆動される。ステツプ４０ではステツプ３９の
一定期間の実際の噴射量の平均値とステツプ３７
の一定期間の基本噴射量の平均値とを比較し、閉
ループ制御時における両者の差Ｋを求める。差Ｋ
はステツプ４１においてRAM（ランダムアクセ
スメモリ）に記憶される。差Ｋを記憶するRAM
は予備（バツクアツプ）電源に接続されており、
機関の点火スイツチが切られたときも記憶を保持
し得る。ステツプ４２ではアルコールセンサ２５
の出力をRAMに記憶されているＫに基づいて補
正する。Ｋが正であるとき、すなわちアルコール
センサ２５によつて検出されるアルコール濃度が
実際のアルコール濃度より低く、ステツプ３９の
実際の噴射量がステツプ３７の基本噴射量より大
きいとき、アルコールセンサの出力がアルコール
濃度の高い方へＫに比例した量だけあるいは所定
値だけ移るように補正され、他方、Ｋが負である
とき、すなわちアルコールセンサ２５によつて検
出されるアルコール濃度が実際のアルコール濃度
より高く、ステツプ３９の実際の噴射量がステツ
プ３７の基本噴射量より小さいとき、アルコール
センサの出力がアルコール濃度の低の方へＫに比
例した量だけあるいは所定値だけ移るよう補正さ
れる、あるいは、ステツプ４２における補正処理
はＫに関係した値を補正値としてアルコールセン
サ２５の出力にこの補正値を掛ける処理であつて
もよい。こうしてステツプ３６の処理に用いられ
るアルコール濃度は、アルコールセンサ２５の出
力変動にもかかわらず、実際のアルコール濃度に
ほぼ等しくなり、実際のアルコール濃度に基づい
た基本噴射量がステツプ３７で計算される。暖機
中あるいは絞り弁全開時等の開ループ制御時は、
ステツプ３８における帰還制御が行なわれず、ス
テツプ３９の実際の噴射量がステツプ３７の基本
噴射量に等しくなるが、ステツプ４２における補
正は、閉ループ制御時にRAMに記憶された差Ｋ
に基づいて行なわれ、これにより開ループ制御時
においても、アルコールセンサ２５の出力変動に
もかかわらず、適切な空燃比が維持される。 FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the control performed in the electronic control section 15. In step 35, operating parameters such as engine speed, intake air flow rate and throttle valve position are read. In step 36, in addition to these operating parameters, the alcohol concentration in the fuel is also taken into account to calculate the increase. In step 37, the injection amount is calculated based on the intake air flow rate and the engine rotational speed, and the basic injection amount obtained by adding the increase in step 36 to this injection amount is calculated. In step 38, the basic injection amount is corrected based on the feedback signal from the air-fuel ratio sensor 24. That is, when the air-fuel ratio sensor 24 is generating a lean signal, the basic injection amount is increased, while when the air-fuel ratio sensor is generating a rich signal, the basic injection amount is decreased. As a result of such correction, the actual injection amount is determined in step 39, and the injection valve 14 is adjusted based on the actual injection amount.
is driven. In step 40, the average value of the actual injection amount for a certain period in step 39 and in step 37 are calculated.
is compared with the average value of the basic injection amount for a certain period of time, and the difference K between the two during closed loop control is determined. Difference K
is stored in a RAM (Random Access Memory) in step 41. RAM that stores the difference K
is connected to a backup power source,
The memory can be retained even when the engine ignition switch is turned off. In step 42, the alcohol sensor 25
The output of is corrected based on K stored in RAM. When K is positive, that is, when the alcohol concentration detected by the alcohol sensor 25 is lower than the actual alcohol concentration and the actual injection amount in step 39 is greater than the basic injection amount in step 37, the output of the alcohol sensor is The alcohol concentration is corrected so that it shifts by an amount proportional to K or by a predetermined value toward the higher alcohol concentration.On the other hand, when K is negative, that is, the alcohol concentration detected by the alcohol sensor 25 is higher than the actual alcohol concentration. , when the actual injection amount in step 39 is smaller than the basic injection amount in step 37, the output of the alcohol sensor is corrected so as to shift toward the lower alcohol concentration by an amount proportional to K or by a predetermined value; The correction process in step 42 may be a process of setting a value related to K as a correction value and multiplying the output of the alcohol sensor 25 by this correction value. In this way, the alcohol concentration used in the process of step 36 becomes approximately equal to the actual alcohol concentration despite the fluctuation in the output of the alcohol sensor 25, and the basic injection amount is calculated in step 37 based on the actual alcohol concentration. During open loop control, such as during warm-up or when the throttle valve is fully open,
Feedback control in step 38 is not performed and the actual injection quantity in step 39 becomes equal to the basic injection quantity in step 37, but the correction in step 42 is based on the difference K stored in RAM during closed loop control.
As a result, even during open-loop control, an appropriate air-fuel ratio is maintained despite fluctuations in the output of the alcohol sensor 25.
第３図は制御の他の実施例のフローチヤートで
あり、第２図に対応する部分は同符号で指示して
説明を省略し、異なる部分についてのみ説明す
る。ステツプ４５では、機関回転速度等の機関の
作動パラメータおよび燃料中のアルコール濃度に
基づいて基本点火時期を計算する。基本点火時期
はそのまま実際の点火時期とされ、基本点火時期
に点火コイル３２へ一次電流が送られる。アルコ
ール濃度が高いとき程オクタン価が増大するとと
もに、窒素酸化物の発生量が減少するので、点火
時期を進めて機関の出力増大と燃費改善を図る。
基本点火時期はアルコールセンサ２５の出力のス
テツプ４２における補正値に基づいて計算される
ので、アルコールセンサ２５の出力変動に関係な
く、実際のアルコール濃度に関係した適切な値に
定められる。 FIG. 3 is a flowchart of another embodiment of the control, in which parts corresponding to those in FIG. 2 are designated by the same reference numerals and explanations are omitted, and only the different parts will be explained. In step 45, basic ignition timing is calculated based on engine operating parameters such as engine speed and alcohol concentration in the fuel. The basic ignition timing is taken as the actual ignition timing, and the primary current is sent to the ignition coil 32 at the basic ignition timing. As the alcohol concentration increases, the octane number increases and the amount of nitrogen oxides generated decreases, so ignition timing is advanced to increase engine output and improve fuel efficiency.
Since the basic ignition timing is calculated based on the correction value of the output of the alcohol sensor 25 in step 42, it is set to an appropriate value related to the actual alcohol concentration, regardless of fluctuations in the output of the alcohol sensor 25.
このように本発明によれば、燃料中の不純物お
よび経時変化に因るアルコールセンサの出力変動
にもかかわらず、アルコール濃度に関係した空燃
比を達成することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, an air-fuel ratio related to alcohol concentration can be achieved despite fluctuations in the output of the alcohol sensor due to impurities in the fuel and changes over time.
第１図は本発明が適用される電子制御式燃料噴
射装置の概略図、第２図は本発明の実施例のフロ
ーチヤート、第３図は本発明の他の実施例のフロ
ーチヤートである。
８…機関本体、１４…電磁式燃料噴射弁、１５
…電子制御部、１６…スロツトルスイツチ、１８
…水温センサ、１９…エアフローメータ、２０…
吸気温センサ、２３…クランク角センサ、２４…
空燃比センサ、２５…アルコールセンサ。
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronically controlled fuel injection system to which the present invention is applied, FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 3 is a flowchart of another embodiment of the invention. 8... Engine body, 14... Electromagnetic fuel injection valve, 15
...Electronic control unit, 16...Throttle switch, 18
...Water temperature sensor, 19...Air flow meter, 20...
Intake temperature sensor, 23... Crank angle sensor, 24...
Air-fuel ratio sensor, 25...Alcohol sensor.
Claims (1)
弁を介して機関の吸気系へ供給する電子制御式燃
料噴射方法において、アルコールセンサを介して
検出された燃料中のアルコール濃度および機関の
作動パラメータに基づいて計算された燃料の基本
噴射量と、この基本噴射量を混合気の実際の空燃
比に基づいて補正して決定した実際の噴射量との
差を記憶し、この記憶された差に基づいてアルコ
ールセンサの出力を補正することを特徴とする、
電子制御式燃料噴射方法。1. In an electronically controlled fuel injection method that supplies gasoline fuel containing alcohol to the intake system of an engine via an electromagnetic injection valve, the fuel injection method is based on the alcohol concentration in the fuel detected via an alcohol sensor and the operating parameters of the engine. The difference between the calculated basic injection amount of fuel and the actual injection amount determined by correcting this basic injection amount based on the actual air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is stored, and alcohol is characterized by correcting the output of the sensor,
Electronically controlled fuel injection method.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15139080A JPS5776235A (en) | 1980-10-30 | 1980-10-30 | Electronic controlling type fuel injection method |
| US06/257,132 US4391253A (en) | 1980-10-29 | 1981-04-24 | Electronically controlling, fuel injection method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15139080A JPS5776235A (en) | 1980-10-30 | 1980-10-30 | Electronic controlling type fuel injection method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5776235A JPS5776235A (en) | 1982-05-13 |
| JPS6321832B2 true JPS6321832B2 (en) | 1988-05-09 |
Family
ID=15517529
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15139080A Granted JPS5776235A (en) | 1980-10-29 | 1980-10-30 | Electronic controlling type fuel injection method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5776235A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6088838A (en) * | 1983-10-20 | 1985-05-18 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Method of controlling operation characteristic quantity for operation control means of internal-combustion engine |
| JPS61160551A (en) * | 1984-12-30 | 1986-07-21 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | Auxiliary combustion device of engine |
-
1980
- 1980-10-30 JP JP15139080A patent/JPS5776235A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5776235A (en) | 1982-05-13 |
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