JPS63194902A - Automatic loosening device for formwork for molding concrete product - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a formwork for forming concrete piles, concrete pipes, and other concrete columnar products, which are securely fastened and fixed with a large number of bolts and nuts. This invention relates to an automatic loosening device for loosening bolts and nuts completely automatically, continuously, at high speed, and efficiently.

<Prior art and its problems> The present applicant previously proposed Japanese Patent Publication No. 383.41/1983 as this type of automatic loosening device for formwork, and by implementing the invention, considerable results were achieved. Ta.

However, as a result of continued intensive research, it was discovered that even with the above-mentioned known invention, there is still the following problem to be solved.

That is, in the above-mentioned known invention, due to its structure, each pair of front and rear couplings (impact wrenches) that loosen nuts with respect to bolts has a constant pitch that is the same as the pitch of adjacent front and rear bolts and nuts in the formwork. Because they are suspended from a common back-and-forth movable board while maintaining the distance between the front and rear, if the pitch of the distance between the front and rear of adjacent bolts and nuts changes randomly, so to speak, the formwork should be replaced. It can no longer be used for automatic loosening, and is inferior in compatibility or versatility as a loosening device.

In addition, since the structure is such that a total of four bolts and nuts in adjacent pairs at the front and rear are loosened one by one, they are loosened one after another in small increments while the formwork is being moved. The moving distance of the formwork becomes small, and the moving speed of the formwork cannot be increased. This is especially noticeable when the above-mentioned adjacent front and back mutual spacing pitches are narrow, resulting in a decrease in work efficiency. There are also problems that can lead to

Means for Solving the Problems> The present invention aims to improve the above-mentioned problems, and for this purpose, in the structure of an automatic loosening device, the bolts and nuts that close and fix the upper mold and the lower mold are fixed. A large number of both types are arranged at an arbitrary pitch between the front and back in the longitudinal direction, and in a facing form with one pair on the left and one on the left,
The formwork is moved forward at a constant speed, and the fixtures installed on the work floor as if straddling the formwork are installed parallel to each other on the frame columns so that they can move independently along the longitudinal direction of the formwork. At least a pair of front and rear movable plates; a sensor hanging from each of the front and rear movable plates so as to face both sides of the formwork to detect the position of a bolt or nut to be loosened in the formwork; A pair of left and right movable plates are installed in parallel upwards so that they can move along the width direction of the formwork, and each of the left and right movable plates is suspended from the left and right movable plates so as to face both sides of the formwork, and can be freely engaged with and detached from the formwork. A locking jig that locks the mold, and a rotary loosening body such as an impact wrench that is suspended from each left and right movable platen so that it can be raised and lowered so as to face both sides of the formwork, and whose rotational drive loosens bolts and nuts. After the bolt and nut positions are detected by the sensor, the left and right movable plates move toward each other, and the locking jigs lock the formwork, thereby locking the formwork. In the process in which each of the longitudinally moving plates moves forward together, the rotating loosening body descends from each of the laterally moving plates.
After loosening the bolts and nuts,
In order to release the locking action of the locking jig against the formwork, the left and right movable plates are moved in the direction away from each other, while the rotary loosening body is raised and returned to its original position. A motor installed correspondingly above moves the bolt backward relative to the formwork, and during the subsequent movement, the position of the next bolt or nut to be loosened is detected again.By repeating this process, the bolt and nut are It is characterized by a structure in which all nuts are automatically and continuously loosened.

<Example> Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.
(M) is a formwork for forming concrete piles, where is the upper mold (10) and lower mold (11)? M: It is shaped like a long cylinder by confectionery-like closure. (12) is a plurality of annular runner flanges that are integrally extended at a predetermined pitch from the outer peripheral surface of the mold (M) in the longitudinal direction (back and forth direction); (13) is the upper mold; (10) and the lower mold (11) are attached and fixed to the opening edges of the mold (M) so as to project in the width direction of the mold (M). Tsutsu, formwork commercial
> Extends entirely along the longitudinal direction (front-back direction).

(14) is the double joint flange (13) of the lower mold (11)
This is a case for accommodating a plurality of nuts which are fixed and integrated as a backing state on the lower surface of the projecting horizontal plate part in the longitudinal direction (front-back direction) at arbitrary pitches in the longitudinal direction (front-back direction). The enclosed oak l-(15),
It is held against the case (14) so that it cannot freely rotate or fall off. (16) conversely, both joint flanges (
13) is a hollow cylindrical bolt support pedestal fixed to the upper surface of the overhanging horizontal plate part at a pitch corresponding to that of the nut (15) and in a vertical state;
As extracted in the figure, the joining flange (
The nut (
It communicates with the screw hole of 15).

(17) penetrates its pedestal (16) and becomes oak) (1
5) from above, the formwork (M
) are fastened and fixed in a closed state by a plurality of bolts, each of which is held so as to freely rotate relative to the pedestal (16). In other words, when viewed from above, the bolts (17) and nuts (15) are placed at an arbitrary pitch in the longitudinal direction (back and forth direction) of the formwork (M), and in pairs on the left and right. They are arranged facing each other, and as long as the bolts (17) are rotated in the predetermined loosening direction, they will automatically unscrew correctly from the screw hole of the nut (15). . (18) is a washer inserted between the head of (17) and the top and bottom of the pedestal (16), (19) is a moving trolley for the formwork (M), and is laid on the work floor. It is moved forward at a constant speed by a drive mechanism (not shown) along a pair of left and right guide rails (20).

Next, in (F), the movement mechanism that acts by loosening the bolt (17) is installed on the frame column, and as is clear from Fig. 3, the upper position of the formwork (M) and its moving carriage (19) is fixed. The frame is shaped like a straddling concave shape, and the height of its installation from the work floor can be adjusted depending on changes in the size and diameter of the formwork (M).

That is, in the case of the example shown in the figure, the frame columns (F) are composed of a total of four fixed columns (21) and a movable column (22) screwed into each of the fixed columns (21) from above so that they can be raised and lowered. At the same time, adjacent movable columns (22) have 41 horizontal beams (2
3) is fixedly connected. And its front beam (2
3) Drive motor for height adjustment installed above (24)
When the movable column (22) is rotated, all of the movable columns (22) rotate with respect to the fixed column (21) and simultaneously move up and down. (25) is each movable support (22
), and (26) is a rotating shaft for transmitting power between the reducer (25) and the motor (24), which extends along the center part of the beam (23) in the front-rear direction. It extends and is transmission connected to the speed reducer (25) and motor (24) via a plurality of sprocket wheels (27), a chain wheel (28), and the like. In addition, the reducer (25
) A bevel gear mechanism for transmitting the rotational power from the movable column (22) to the movable column (22) is not shown.

(29) is installed as described above by installing the horizontal beam (23) of the frame column (F).
) are the guide rails for the back-and-forth moving board laid as a pair on the left and right, and run along the longitudinal direction (back-and-forth direction) of the formwork (M). (30) and (31) are a pair of front and rear movable plates that move and work independently of each other while engaging with both guide rails (29), and horizontally cross the formwork (M). are doing. Then, there is a board that moves back and forth (30
) (31), as described later, moves forward together with the formwork (M) via a locking jig, and the locking action of the locking jig with the formwork (M) is released. Immediately, it is moved backward by a pair of left and right return chenos (32).

(33) is an electromagnetic clutch (
34) and a geared motor with a brake (35), a driving sprocket wheel (36) fixed on its output shaft and a driven sprocket wheel correspondingly supported in the center on the front beam (23). A pair of left and right return chains (32) are each hooked between the sprocket wheel (37) and the sprocket wheel (37). Moreover, as shown in Fig. 6, the middle part of the returning cheno (32) is connected to the back and forth moving plate (30).
Adjustment mast (38) integrally erected from (31)
They are each connected and fixed.

Also, (39) (40) are each back and forth movable plate (30) (3
1) A pair of guide rails for left and right movable plates are laid on the top surface, in pairs in the front and rear.
2) is engaged. In other words, a pair of front and back movements 1
(30) (31) On top are left and right movable boards (41
) (42) is mounted, and the left and right pairs of left and right movable plates (41 and 42) are moved in opposite directions.

(43) (44) is each left and right movement ffi (41) (
Adjacent to the inner side (center side of the frame column) of 42), the cylinder mounting which is also engaged with the guide rails (39) and (40) is a stand, and the left-right movable plate supported on this is a stand. air cylinder (45) (46)
The tip of the piston rod that advances and retreats from the left and right moving plate (
41) (42) is connected and integrated with itself.

In order to install the cylinder, the bases (43) and (44) are held fixed to the guide rails (39) and (40) during use, so that the left and right movable plates (41) and (42)
The movement stroke of the robot is positioned and regulated in advance within a certain range. Therefore, the above air cylinder (
45) When (46) is activated, the cylinder is mounted on the left and right movable plate (41) with respect to the base (43) and (44).
) (42) moves toward and away from the formwork (M) in the width direction.

(47) (48) are the respective left and right movable boards (41) (4
2) is a rotary handle for changing the movement stroke, and the handle shaft (49) (50) is screwed into the leg of the cylinder mounting base (43) (44) in a penetrating state. has been done.

(51) (52) is the handle shaft (49) (5G
), and can be moved back and forth In (30)
(31) is fixedly erected on the upper surface. Therefore, by rotating the handles (47) and (48), the cylinder can be mounted on the guide rails (39) and (40).
43) The fixing position of (44) changes, and the movement stroke of left and right movement 1 (41) and (42) that is regulated thereby can be adjusted in advance to be large or small. This means that
In relation to changes in the size and diameter of the formwork (M), unnecessary excessive movement of the left and right movement ff1 (41) (42) is eliminated as much as possible, which helps shorten or speed up loosening work. I can say it.

Furthermore, (53) and (54) are the left and right movable boards (41) and (4
2) An air cylinder for lifting and lowering the wrench integrated vertically on the top surface, (55) (56) is an impact wrench connected to the lower end of the piston rod, and a socket (57) at the hanging tip. (58) is the wrench (5
5) (56) It is designed to be rotationally driven by its own built-in motor (not shown). The air cylinder (53) (54) and impact wrench (55)
(56) are located on the same vertical line, and the left and right pairs face each other on both sides of the formwork (M), as if to sandwich the formwork (M). and,
Impact wrench (55) (56) socket (57
) (58) will be correctly attached to the bolts (17) of the formwork (M).

(59) (60) The above cylinder is mounted on a stand (43)
) (44) are sensors for detecting the position of bolts and nuts that are integrally suspended from each other, and consist of photoelectric switches and the like. (61) (62) is a left and right moving board (41) (4
2), each of which is integrally suspended from the left and right movable arms, and locking jigs (63) and (64) that extend horizontally toward the formwork (M) are attached to the hanging ends of the arms. There is.

In other words, the sensor (59) (60)
When the nut position is detected, the left-right moving plates (41) (42) approach both sides of the formwork (M) via the air cylinders (45) (46) for operating the left-right moving plates. Moved, its arm (61) (62)
The locking jigs (63) and (64) removably lock onto the bolt support pedestals (16) of the formwork (M) as shown by the chain lines in Figure 5 from immediately before them, and in that state. Motote formwork (M
) is moved forward together with the

In its locked state, the impact wrench (55)
The sockets (57) and (58) of (56) are held so that they are facing directly above the bolt (17) in the formwork (M), and then the impact wrench (5
5) (56) is the air cylinder (
53) is lowered by (54) and its socket (57
) (5B) and the bolt (17) is connected to the nut (15).
There is one part that is rotated in the loosening direction. Such a series of operations is electrically controlled by a sequence circuit for each of the back and forth movable boards (30) and (31).

The front and rear pair of front and rear movable plates (30) (31) are used for the after-dyeing (2) of the frame columns (F) at the beginning of the loosening work of the formwork (M).
3), and as soon as the formwork (M) starts moving forward, the sensor (59)
(60) In order to detect the positions of the bolts and nuts, the mold (M) begins to move along the longitudinal direction (back and forth direction). In that case, as mentioned above, the back and forth moving plates (30) and (31) move independently.
In order to prevent mutual collision, both front and rear movable plates (30)
One of the (31) is equipped with a sensor (65) such as a proximity switch that detects the moving distance or movement state, and the remaining one is equipped with a detection object (66) located corresponding to the sensor (65). has been done.

In other words, by detecting the detected object (66) with the sensor (65), the distance between the two longitudinally movable plates (30) and (31) is maintained constant, thereby preventing the collision phenomenon. A sensor (67) consisting of another proximity switch etc. with a similar purpose and its detection object (68) are also placed on the back-and-forth moving ff1 (31) on the rear side and the beam (23) of the frame column (F).
As is clear from FIG. 2, it is attached correspondingly, and prevents collision with the frame column (F) during backward movement of the back and forth movement 1 (31).

Effects> The effects of the present invention as described above will be explained based on Figs. 1.4.7 to 9.
30) In (31), both of the pair before and after it are fA after the initial
(23), the geared motor (33) is always started to rotate and its electromagnetic clutch (34) is kept open. On the other hand, the formwork (M) in the closed state, which is fastened and fixed by bolts (17) and nuts (15), is
) is moved forward at a constant speed, and the position of the preceding bolt/nut is detected by the sensor (59) on the forward/backward moving board (30) on the front side, and the position of the bolt/nut directly adjacent to and following it is detected. , the back-and-forth moving plate on the rear side (
Detected by the sensor (60) in 31).

In other words, the sensor (59) hanging from the front longitudinally movable plate (30) outputs a detection signal at every bolt/nut position, and when the bolt/nut position is an odd numbered position, the sensor (59) 1 (30) Operate the air cylinder (45) for operating the left and right moving plates, and move the left and right pair of left and right moving plates (41) so as to approach both sides of the formwork (M) at -1/2 hour; The locking jig (63) of the left/right moving arm (61) hanging from the left/right moving 1 (41) is locked to the supporting pedestal (16) of the detected bolt (17) from the position immediately before it. be.

Then, due to the locking action, the fore-and-aft movement i (30) will move forward together with the formwork (M) while being integrated with the formwork (M). , the socket (57) of the impact wrench (55) hanging down from the back-and-forth movement 111 (30) will be located directly above the detected bolt/nut position.

Therefore, next, the air cylinder (53) for raising and lowering the impact wrench (55) is activated, and the wrench (55)
) is lowered, the socket (57) is fitted onto the bolt (17), and the socket (57) is rotated in the direction of loosening the bolt (15).

Therefore, the loosening action is performed by the formwork (M) standing still, and after the warming action is completed, the wrench (53) is activated by the operation of the air cylinder (53).
At the same time, the horizontal moving plate (41) is moved in a direction away from both sides of the formwork (M) by its air cylinder (45), and the locking jig (63) for the formwork (M) is moved. ) is also released. When the locking action is released, the electromagnetic clutch (34) is closed, and the geared motor (33) returns the chain 2 (32) via the driving sprocket wheel (36).
is rotated in the return direction, and the back and forth moving platen (30) is quickly moved backward in the opposite direction to the formwork (M). Then, during the backward movement of the forward and backward movement 1 (30), the sensor (59) successively detects the bolt/nut positions to be heated.

On the other hand, the sensor (G
o) t+, a detection signal is emitted at all bolt/nut positions, but when the bolt/nut position is an even numbered position, an operation signal is output, and the front/backward movable board (30
) performs the same operation as described above, and during both forward and backward movement l1 (30)' (31), each sensor (59) <60> determines the next bolt/nut position to be loosened. When it is detected, each sensor (65) (67) and its detected object (6B) (6B) moves it back and forth II! (30) When the moving distance or moving state of (31) is detected, the gear motor
The brake (35) of the motor (33) is activated to prevent its movement due to inertia, the electromagnetic clutch (34) is released, and the motor (33) is restarted.After 1f, the motor (33) is restarted. By repeating these actions, all the bolts (17) in the formwork (M) are loosened from the nuts (15).

As is clear from the above explanation, the pair of front and rear movements II
(30) (31) is a total of two opposing bolts (17) and nuts (15), one pair on the left and right in the formwork (M).
Since it is configured to move independently of each other in one loosening unit, the pitch between adjacent front and rear bolt/nut positions is determined by the symbol (PI) in Fig. 8.9.
) (P2) As suggested in (P3), even if the size changes at random, the loosening work can be performed accurately without being influenced by this. Of course, even if the pitch between the front and rear parts remains constant, the loosening work can be performed without any problem.

In addition, the forward and backward moving board (30) on the front side detects odd-numbered bolt/nut positions, and the forward/backward moving board (31) on the 1& side detects even-numbered bolt/nut positions.
) to detect and loosen the
In other words, the operation signal of the impact wrench (55) (56) is output in one jump in response to the detection signal by the sensor (59) (60), Since they operate alternately, the forward movement distance of the formwork (M) for one loosening stroke time is increased, which means that a large number of bolts and nuts can be loosened at a significantly high rate. .

In the illustrated embodiment, a pair of front and rear movable units ff1 (30) (31) are installed on the frame pillar (F), but it is also possible to install three or more units. According to this, the operation signals of the wrenches (55) and (56) are outputted twice or more, and the workability can be further improved.

In the illustrated embodiment, the bolts and nuts are loosened using impact wrenches (55) and (56), but an air motor or other rotating loosening body may be used instead. In addition, air cylinders (53) (54) (45
) (46), but this can also be replaced by a hydraulic cylinder, electric cylinder, or other reciprocating mechanism.

<Effects of the Invention> As described above, in the present invention, the upper mold (10) and the lower mold (11)
(17) and Nara) (15)
A large number of these types (10) and (11) are arranged at arbitrary front and rear spacing pitches in the longitudinal direction, and are arranged in pairs facing each other on the left and right sides, and move forward at a constant speed. The formwork (M) to be moved and the installation installed on the work floor as if straddling the formwork (M) are moved onto the frame pillars (F), separately and independently along the sectional direction of the formwork (M). At least a pair of front and back movable boards (30) (31) movably installed in parallel, and each of the back and forth movable boards (3
0) Sensors (59) and (60) are suspended from (31) facing both sides of the formwork (M) to detect the position of bolts and nuts to be loosened in the formwork (M), and Moving plates (30) (31) A pair of left and right moving plates (41) (42) installed in parallel so that they can move along the width direction of the formwork (M), and their respective left and right movements 1 (41) (42) to formwork (M)
The locking jigs (63) (64) hang down so as to face both sides of the mold frame (M) and releasably engage the mold frame (M), and the molds are also removed from the left and right movable plates (41) (42). A rotary loosening body such as an impact wrench (55) (56) that hangs freely up and down so as to face both sides of the frame (M) and loosens the pole (17) and the oak (15) by its rotational drive. After the bolt and nut positions are detected by the sensors (59) and (60), the left and right movable plates (41) and (42) move toward each other, and the locking jig (63)
(64) locks onto the formwork (M), in the process in which the formwork (M) and each of the forward and backward movements 1 (30) and (31) move forward together. The rotating loosening body descending from the movable platen (41) (42) loosens the pole (17) and nut (15), and after the loosening action is completed, the locking jig (
63) To release the locking action of (64), move the left and right movable plates (41) and (42) in directions away from each other, while raising and returning the rotary loosening body, ) (31) is installed above by motor (33) correspondingly installed on the frame column (F).
), and during the subsequent movement, the next bolt/nut position to be loosened is detected again.By repeating this process, all bolts (17) and nuts (15) are automatically loosened. Since it is configured to be loosened continuously, all the problems of the prior art mentioned at the beginning can be improved, and all the bolts (17) and nuts (15) in the formwork (M) can be loosened continuously. It has the effect of allowing the loosening work to be done extremely efficiently during the forward movement of the frame (M), and there is no need to add a complicated mechanism to the outside of the tearing process as a whole compared to the above-mentioned conventional technology, so it is of great practical benefit. It can be said that

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a side view schematically showing the entire automatic loosening device according to the invention, Figs. 2 and 3 are a plan view and a front view in a semi-cutaway state;
Fig. 4 is a side view corresponding to Fig. 1 with the sensor removed, Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the state in which the formwork is fastened and fixed with bolts and nuts, and Fig. 6 is a 1! 7 is a flowchart showing the loosening operation, and FIGS. 8 and 9 are side views and plan views showing the loosening operation. (F) ......Installation is on the frame column (M) ...Formwork (10) ...Top mold (11) ...Bottom mold (14)・・・・・・Nut storage case (15)・
...Nut (16) ...Bolt support pedestal (17) ...
...Bolt (19) ...Moving trolley (20) (29) (39) (40) ・Guide rail (30) (31) ...Back and forth moving board (
32)...Return Cheno (33)...Geart motor (34)...
...Electromagnetic clutch (35) ...Brake (41) (42) ...Left and right moving board (43)
(44) ...Cylinder installation is on stand (45)
(46) (53) (54) ・Air cylinder (47) (48) ・・・・Operation handle (5
5) (56) ...impact wrench (59)
) (60) ...Bolt/nut position detection sensor

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A large number of bolts (17) and nuts (15) that close and fix the upper mold (10) and the lower mold (11) are connected to both molds (10).
) (11) The formwork (M) is arranged at an arbitrary pitch between the front and back in the longitudinal direction, and is arranged in a pair of left and right faces facing each other, and is moved forward at a constant speed. and at least a pair of front and rear columns installed in parallel so as to be movable separately and independently along the longitudinal direction of the formwork (M) on the installation frame pillars (F) installed on the work floor so as to straddle the formwork (M). The back-and-forth moving plates (30) and (31) are suspended from the respective back-and-forth moving plates (30 and 31) so as to face both sides of the formwork (M), and are used to loosen the formwork (M). Sensor that detects bolt/nut position (59)
(60), a pair of left and right movable plates (41) and (42) installed in parallel on each of the longitudinal movable plates (30 and 31) so as to be movable along the width direction of the formwork (M); Locking jigs (63) (64) are hung from the left and right movable plates (41, 42) so as to face both sides of the formwork (M), and are removably engaged with the formwork (M). ), which are also suspended vertically from the left and right movable plates (41, 42) so as to face both sides of the formwork (M), and their rotational drive loosens the bolts (17) and nuts (15). It is equipped with a rotary loosening body such as an impact wrench (55) (56), and the direction in which the left and right movable plates (41) (42) approach each other after the bolt/nut positions are detected by the above-mentioned sensors (59) (60). Move to the locking jig (63) (6
4) locks onto the formwork (M), and in the process in which the formwork (M) and each of the back and forth moving plates (30) and (31) move forward together, each of the left and right movements of the formwork (M) Board (
41) The rotating loosening body descending from (42) loosens the bolt (17) and nut (15), and after the loosening action is completed, the locking jig (
63) In order to release the locking action of (64), the left and right movable plates (41) and (42) are moved in the direction away from each other, while the rotation loosening body is raised and returned, and each of the longitudinal movable plates (30) ) (31) to the above installation frame column (F)
The formwork (
All bolts (17) and nuts (15) are moved backward relative to M), and during the subsequent movement, the next bolt/nut position to be loosened is detected again. An automatic loosening device for formwork for forming concrete products, characterized in that it is configured to automatically and continuously loosen the formwork. 2. Left and right movable plate (41) (4) along the width direction of the formwork (M)
2. The automatic loosening device for a formwork for forming a concrete product as set forth in claim 1, wherein the movement stroke of step 2) is set in advance so as to be positionable and regulated within an arbitrary range. 3. The mutual distance between adjacent movable plates (30) (31), the movable plates (30) (31) and the installation frame pillars (
The formwork for forming a concrete product according to claim 1, characterized in that the mutual spacing distance between the formwork and the molding frame is set to be detected by the sensors (65) and (67) in order to keep the mutual distance between the formwork and the molding member F) constant. Automatic loosening device. 4. The automatic loosening device for concrete product forming forms as set forth in claim 1, wherein the installation frame columns (F) are set such that the installation height relative to the work floor can be changed.