JPS63170547A - External combustion engine using gas occluded alloy - Google Patents
External combustion engine using gas occluded alloyInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63170547A JPS63170547A JP56187A JP56187A JPS63170547A JP S63170547 A JPS63170547 A JP S63170547A JP 56187 A JP56187 A JP 56187A JP 56187 A JP56187 A JP 56187A JP S63170547 A JPS63170547 A JP S63170547A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- displacer
- temperature
- cooler
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 helinium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/045—Controlling
- F02G1/05—Controlling by varying the rate of flow or quantity of the working gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
- F02G2243/30—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having their pistons and displacers each in separate cylinders
- F02G2243/38—External regenerators having parallel cylinders, e.g. "Heinrici" engines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、ディスプレーサ、シリンダとピストン及びパ
ワーシリンダとピストンを有する外燃式エンジンの改良
に係るものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an improvement in an external combustion engine having a displacer, a cylinder and a piston, and a power cylinder and a piston.
従来のスターリングエンジンは、第３図に示すように、
加熱器１０′、冷却器１１．再生熱交換器ｎ。The conventional Stirling engine, as shown in Figure 3,
Heater 10', cooler 11. Regenerative heat exchanger n.
ディスプレーサ−シリンダ１３．同ピストン１８ｔ ／
”ワーシリンダ１４： 同ピストン１９力とから図示の
よりに構成されており、ノ々ワーピストン１９が下ると
きには、ディスプレーサ−ピストン１８録下方に位置し
圧力と温度の高い気体の量が多くなり、パワー−ストン
１９′を押し下げる。次に・切−一ストン１９が上昇す
るときにはディスプレーサ−ピストンは上方にあり冷た
いガス体が多いので圧力が低く、このために・々ツーピ
ストン１９’ｔ−引き上げる。従って上記−周期の間に
外部に仕事をすることになる。Displacer cylinder 13. Same piston 18t/
"War cylinder 14: The war cylinder 14 is constructed from the same piston 19 as shown in FIG. The power stone 19' is pushed down.Next, when the cutting stone 19 rises, the displacer piston is at the top and there is a lot of cold gas, so the pressure is low, so the two pistons 19't are pulled up. Therefore, work is done to the outside during the above period.
しかし、上記した従来の外燃式１ンジンであるスターリ
ングエンジンにあっては、効率を上げ、出力が増すため
には、作動流体の平均圧力を上げ、かつ、高温、および
低温の温度差を大きくする必要がある。そのため加熱側
の温度が上る結果となるがそれに伴って構成部材が苛酷
な条件で使用されることとなり焼損や熱疲労などの問題
が生ずる。However, in the Stirling engine, which is the conventional external combustion engine mentioned above, in order to increase efficiency and output, it is necessary to increase the average pressure of the working fluid and to increase the temperature difference between high and low temperatures. There is a need to. This results in an increase in the temperature on the heating side, and as a result, the constituent members are used under harsh conditions, causing problems such as burnout and thermal fatigue.
本発明は、ガス吸蔵合金を用いることによって高温時お
よび低温時の作動流体の温度差を小さくし、上記のよう
な問題を解決しようとするものである。The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems by reducing the temperature difference between working fluids at high and low temperatures by using a gas storage alloy.
本発明の特徴とするところは、ディスプレーサ、シリン
ダとピストン及びパワーシリンダとピストンを有し、外
部的に加熱、冷却を行うことによシパワーを得る外燃式
エンジンにおいて、冷却器とガス吸蔵合金収容部と加熱
器とを直列に接続し、それぞれとディスプレーサシリン
ダとを選択的に連通ずる流路な設けたことにるる。The present invention is characterized by an external combustion engine that has a displacer, a cylinder and a piston, and a power cylinder and a piston, and that obtains displacement power by externally heating and cooling. The displacer cylinder and the displacer cylinder are connected in series, and a flow path is provided to selectively communicate between each displacer cylinder and the displacer cylinder.
ガス吸蔵合金は、温度が上ると吸熱反応でガスを放出し
温度が下ると発熱反応でガスを吸収するが、反応点は圧
力が上るほど温度の高い所へ移行する、例えは水素吸蔵
合金（Ｚｒ 、 Ｔｉ などを含むアルモファス合金
は水素吸蔵特性がある）の場合には、Ｍを吸蔵合金、Ｈ
２を水素とすると、の関係があり、これらの反応条件は
第２図に示すようになる。Gas storage alloys release gas through an endothermic reaction when the temperature rises, and absorb gas through an exothermic reaction when the temperature falls, but as the pressure rises, the reaction point shifts to a higher temperature area.For example, in a hydrogen storage alloy ( (Amorphous alloys containing Zr, Ti, etc. have hydrogen storage properties), M is the storage alloy and H is the storage alloy.
When 2 is hydrogen, there is the following relationship, and these reaction conditions are shown in FIG.
本発明においては、上記のようにディスプレーサ、シリ
ンダとピストン及びパワーシリンダとピストンを有する
型式の外燃式エンジンにおいて、冷却器とガス吸蔵合金
収容部と加熱器とを直列に接続し、それぞれとディスプ
レーサシリンダとを選択的に連通ずる流路を設けている
ので、加熱時においては加熱部で加熱された作動流体は
上記収容部内のガス吸蔵合金の解離吸蔵反応によってそ
の温度は下り圧力は上昇してディスプレーサシリンダに
流入し、また冷却時においては冷却器で冷却された作動
流体はガス吸蔵合金の吸収発熱反応によって逆に温度は
上り圧力は下降してディスプレーサシリンダに流入する
こととなり、作動流体の圧力の上昇下降量に比較してそ
の温度変化は少くし、また加熱時の温度上昇も低く抑え
ることが可能である。In the present invention, in an external combustion engine having a displacer, a cylinder and a piston, and a power cylinder and a piston as described above, a cooler, a gas storage alloy housing part, and a heater are connected in series, and each and a displacer are connected in series. Since a flow path is provided that selectively communicates with the cylinder, during heating, the temperature of the working fluid heated in the heating section decreases due to the dissociation and storage reaction of the gas storage alloy in the storage section, and the pressure increases. The working fluid that flows into the displacer cylinder and is cooled by the cooler during cooling increases the temperature and decreases the pressure due to the absorption exothermic reaction of the gas storage alloy, and flows into the displacer cylinder, causing the pressure of the working fluid The temperature change can be made small compared to the amount of rise and fall of the temperature, and the temperature rise during heating can also be kept low.
なお、便宜上第２図には水素吸蔵合金の場合を示したが
、本発明において、作動流体としては水素以外ヘリニー
ム等適宜のものも使用でき、作動流体の種類に応じて適
宜のガス吸蔵合金を用いることができることはいう迄も
ない。Although the case of a hydrogen storage alloy is shown in FIG. 2 for convenience, in the present invention, any suitable fluid other than hydrogen, such as helinium, can be used as the working fluid, and an appropriate gas storage alloy may be used depending on the type of working fluid. Needless to say, it can be used.
第１図は、本発明になる外燃エンジンの一実施例を示す
説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of an external combustion engine according to the present invention.
図示のようにディスプレーサシリンダ１３と同ピストン
１８とノ々ワーシリンダ１４と同ピストン１９が設けら
れ、両ピストンはクランクシャフトでθの位相差を持っ
て結ばれている。ディスプレーサシリンダ１３には逆止
弁あをもつ流路３１が加熱器１０に通じ、ガス吸蔵合金
収容部４０からディスプレーサピストン１８の上方と下
方に逆止弁３３をもつ流路３６と逆止弁訪をもつ流路３
７が通じ、冷却器１１には逆止弁３２をもつ流路３１が
通じている。また加熱器１０と吸蔵合金収容部菊と冷却
器１１は吸蔵合金収容部４０を中にして直列に配設され
ている。As shown in the figure, a displacer cylinder 13, a piston 18, a nose cylinder 14, and a piston 19 are provided, and both pistons are connected by a crankshaft with a phase difference of θ. In the displacer cylinder 13, a flow path 31 having a check valve is connected to the heater 10, and a flow path 36 having a check valve 33 is connected from the gas storage alloy housing portion 40 to the upper and lower sides of the displacer piston 18. Channel 3 with
7 communicates with the cooler 11, and a flow path 31 with a check valve 32 communicates with the cooler 11. Further, the heater 10, the storage alloy housing part 40, and the cooler 11 are arranged in series with the storage alloy housing part 40 inside.
本実施例は上記のように構成されているので、ディスプ
レーサピストン１８が上方へ移動するときには、逆止弁
３３が閉り、逆止弁３２が開くのでディスプレーサ−シ
リンダ上方にあるガスは通路３１をへて冷却器Ｕへ流れ
たあと吸蔵合金収容部４０を過少通路３７をへ【逆上弁
あを通りディスプレーサシリンダ１３の下方部へ流出す
る。このとき逆止弁別は閉じるので加熱器１０には、ガ
スは通らない。Since this embodiment is constructed as described above, when the displacer piston 18 moves upward, the check valve 33 closes and the check valve 32 opens, so that the gas above the displacer cylinder flows through the passage 31. After flowing to the cooler U, the water passes through the storage alloy storage portion 40 to the under-reduction passage 37 and flows out to the lower part of the displacer cylinder 13 through the reversal valve A. At this time, the check valve is closed, so no gas passes through the heater 10.
ディスプレーサピスト７１８が下方へ動くときには、ガ
スは加熱器１０を通り吸蔵合金収容部４０を通ったあと
冷却器１１を通らずにシリンダ１３の上方部へ流れる。When the displacer pist 718 moves downward, the gas passes through the heater 10 , the storage alloy housing 40 , and then flows to the upper part of the cylinder 13 without passing through the cooler 11 .
従来のスターリングエンジンの特性を、圧力−容積線図
で模式化して示すと第４図のようになり、高圧圧縮ガス
（状態１）を、パワーピストンに伝え膨張させてパワー
を得たあとは状態２になる。The characteristics of a conventional Stirling engine are schematically shown in a pressure-volume diagram as shown in Figure 4. After the high-pressure compressed gas (state 1) is transmitted to the power piston and expanded to obtain power, the state It becomes 2.
しかる後ガスを冷却（状態３）にしたあと圧縮し状態４
にする。その後ガスを加熱し状態１に戻し１周期を形成
する。After that, the gas is cooled (state 3) and then compressed to state 4.
Make it. Thereafter, the gas is heated and returned to state 1 to form one cycle.
従来のエンジンにおける同じサイクルを圧力、温度図で
示すと、第５図のようになり、状態１から状態２へは断
熱膨張、状態２から３へは等容積冷却、３から４は断熱
圧縮、４から１は等容積加熱となるが、状態１の温度Ｔ
□、状態３の温度Ｔ３が大巾に変化するために、エンジ
ン構成部材の焼損や熱疲労等が問題が生ずるとととなる
。The same cycle in a conventional engine is shown in pressure and temperature diagrams as shown in Figure 5. From state 1 to state 2 is adiabatic expansion, from state 2 to 3 is isovolume cooling, from 3 to 4 is adiabatic compression, 4 to 1 results in equal volume heating, but the temperature T in state 1
□, since the temperature T3 in state 3 changes widely, problems such as burnout and thermal fatigue of the engine components may occur.
これに対して、本実施例においては、上記のようにガス
吸蔵合金を加熱器１０と冷却器１１０間に設置している
ので、圧力−容積線図は従来のものと同様であるが、圧
力一温度の特性が相違することになる。In contrast, in this embodiment, the gas storage alloy is installed between the heater 10 and the cooler 110 as described above, so the pressure-volume diagram is the same as the conventional one, but the pressure The characteristics of one temperature will be different.
ガスを暖め、断熱膨張させる過程（１→２）及び断熱圧
縮過程（３→４）はガス吸蔵合金の有無に拘らず同じで
ある。しかし、ガス吸蔵合金を設置した場合における加
熱時の温度状態を示すと、第６図に示すようにシリンダ
下部の流体は加熱部を通って昇温され、ガス吸蔵合金の
入って吸熱反応でガス（例えばＨ２）を放出しながら、
温度は下るが圧力は上昇し、ディスプレーサシリンダ上
部へ流入する。この状態の変化を第７図に示す。一方、
冷却時には逆に冷却された流体は発熱反応で温度が上り
、かつガスが吸蔵されるので圧力が下る。そのために、
シリンダ部へ入る流体の温度変化は、実際上には断熱変
化時の温度変化のみを考えれば良く、温度範囲を大巾に
狭くすることができる。The process of warming the gas and adiabatically expanding it (1→2) and the process of adiabatic compression (3→4) are the same regardless of the presence or absence of the gas storage alloy. However, the temperature state during heating when a gas storage alloy is installed is shown in Figure 6. The fluid at the bottom of the cylinder passes through the heating section and is heated up, and the gas storage alloy enters and gas is generated by an endothermic reaction. (e.g. H2) while releasing
The temperature decreases but the pressure increases and flows into the upper part of the displacer cylinder. FIG. 7 shows changes in this state. on the other hand,
Conversely, during cooling, the temperature of the cooled fluid increases due to an exothermic reaction, and the pressure decreases as gas is occluded. for that,
Regarding the temperature change of the fluid entering the cylinder section, in practice, only the temperature change during adiabatic change needs to be considered, and the temperature range can be greatly narrowed.
本発明は、上記のように、ディスプレーサ、シリンダと
ピストン及びパワーシリンダとピストンを有する外燃式
エンジンにおいて、冷却器とガス吸蔵合金収容部と加熱
器とを直列に接続し、それぞれとディスプレーサシリン
ダとを選択的に連通ずる流路を設けるように構成されて
いるので、加熱時には加熱部で加熱された作動流体はガ
ス吸蔵合金の解離吸熱反応によってその温度は下り圧力
は上昇してディスプレーサシリンダに流入し、また、冷
却時には冷却器で冷却された作動流体はガス吸蔵合金の
吸収発熱反応によって逆に温度は上り圧力は下降してデ
ィスプレーサシリンダに流入することとなる。As described above, in an external combustion engine having a displacer, a cylinder and a piston, and a power cylinder and a piston, the present invention connects a cooler, a gas storage alloy housing part, and a heater in series, and connects each to the displacer cylinder. During heating, the temperature of the working fluid heated in the heating section decreases due to the dissociation and endothermic reaction of the gas storage alloy, the pressure increases, and it flows into the displacer cylinder. Furthermore, during cooling, the working fluid cooled by the cooler will conversely rise in temperature and drop in pressure due to the absorption exothermic reaction of the gas storage alloy, and will flow into the displacer cylinder.
従って、作動時の作動流体は、圧力の上昇・降下量に比
較して温度変化は少いこととなり、構成部材の熱応力、
熱疲労、焼損などの問題が大巾に緩和される効果を有す
るものである。Therefore, the temperature change of the working fluid during operation is small compared to the amount of pressure increase/decrease, and the thermal stress of the component parts is reduced.
This has the effect of greatly alleviating problems such as thermal fatigue and burnout.
第１図は本発明の一実施例の説明図、
第２図は吸蔵合金の特性を示す圧力一温度線図、第３図
は従来の外燃式エンジンの説明図、第４図は第３図に示
すエンジンの圧力−容積線図、第５図は同圧カ一温度特
性線図、第６図は第１図に示す実施例に係る装置の加熱
時の温度分布線図、第７図は同装置の圧力一温度特性線
図である。
図面中、
１０は加熱器
１１は冷却器
１２は再生熱交換器
１３はディスプレーサシリンダ
１４はパワーシリンダ
１８はディスプレーサピストン
１９はパワーピストン
３２ 、３３ 、３４ 、３５は逆止弁４０はガス吸蔵
合金収容部
をそれぞれ示す。Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a pressure-temperature diagram showing the characteristics of an occlusion alloy, Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional external combustion engine, and Fig. 4 is a diagram of a conventional external combustion engine. Figure 5 is a pressure-volume diagram of the engine shown in the figure, Figure 5 is a pressure-temperature characteristic diagram, Figure 6 is a temperature distribution diagram during heating of the device according to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, and Figure 7 is is a pressure-temperature characteristic diagram of the same device. In the drawings, 10 is a heater 11 is a cooler 12 is a regenerative heat exchanger 13 is a displacer cylinder 14 is a power cylinder 18 is a displacer piston 19 is a power piston 32, 33, 34, 35 is a check valve 40 is a gas storage alloy housing The parts are shown respectively.
Claims (1)
ダとピストンを有し外部的に加熱、冷却を行うことによ
りパワーを得る外燃式エンジンにおいて、冷却器とガス
吸蔵合金収容部と加熱器とを直列に接続し、それぞれと
デイスプレーサシリンダとを選択的に連通する流路を設
けたことを特徴とするガス吸蔵合金を用いた外燃式エン
ジン。In an external combustion engine that has a displacer, a cylinder and a piston, and a power cylinder and a piston and obtains power by heating and cooling externally, a cooler, a gas storage alloy housing part, and a heater are connected in series. An external combustion engine using a gas storage alloy, characterized in that a flow path is provided to selectively communicate between each of the displacer cylinders and the displacer cylinder.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56187A JPS63170547A (en) | 1987-01-07 | 1987-01-07 | External combustion engine using gas occluded alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56187A JPS63170547A (en) | 1987-01-07 | 1987-01-07 | External combustion engine using gas occluded alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63170547A true JPS63170547A (en) | 1988-07-14 |
Family
ID=11477136
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56187A Pending JPS63170547A (en) | 1987-01-07 | 1987-01-07 | External combustion engine using gas occluded alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63170547A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE1018375A3 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2010-09-07 | Smet Erick Johan | IMPROVED DEVICE FOR CONVERSING THERMAL IN MECHANICAL ENERGY. |
| WO2011091576A1 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2011-08-04 | Lei Tao | Zero-leakage external combustion heat engine |
| RU2659598C1 (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2018-07-03 | Анатолий Александрович Рыбаков | Method of thermal energy transformation to electricity by free linked energy-module with linear electric generator, heat exchanger and refrigerator |
-
1987
- 1987-01-07 JP JP56187A patent/JPS63170547A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE1018375A3 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2010-09-07 | Smet Erick Johan | IMPROVED DEVICE FOR CONVERSING THERMAL IN MECHANICAL ENERGY. |
| WO2011091576A1 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2011-08-04 | Lei Tao | Zero-leakage external combustion heat engine |
| RU2659598C1 (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2018-07-03 | Анатолий Александрович Рыбаков | Method of thermal energy transformation to electricity by free linked energy-module with linear electric generator, heat exchanger and refrigerator |
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