JPS63144751A - Motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make a motor in a greater efficiency, by preventing the current from flowing in the opposite direction to each armature, and by eliminating the coil that straddles the slots and causing the magnetic force line to circulate smoothly. CONSTITUTION:A three-phase eight-pole motor is formed by installing fixed armatures 6 in widths 50 deg., 40 deg. and 30 deg. by three times repeatedly. As to the fixed armature 3, the coils conducting the current of phase A to the three within a range of 120 deg., the current of phase B to the three less than 120 deg., and the current of phase C to the three less than 120 deg. are wound so that the current flowing through mutually adjacent armatures will be in the opposite direction. In poles 7 constituting a rotor, N-pole covering the width 50 deg. and S-pole covering the width 40 deg. are alternately arranged. Between all the poles 7 and the armatures 3 the force to rotate the poles 7 rightwards will work, where the pole N2 is repulsed by the pole NA of the armature 6 and attracted to the pole SB. The pole S1 and the pole SA of the armature 6 as well as the pole N1 and pole NA of the armature 6 are respectively situated at the neutral zone. However, if the pole 7 rotates to the right side even in a small degree, then the turning force will be produced rightwards.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a motor.

(Prior art) Among conventional motors, those that use an armature and magnetic poles,
For example, in a motor in which a stator consisting of an armature is arranged at the center of the motor, and a rotor consisting of fixed magnetic poles such as permanent magnets is arranged around the outer periphery of the stator, the outer periphery of the stator consisting of each armature is In order to generate a rotating magnetic field, coils corresponding to the number of phases are wrapped around the armature pole, and the current of each phase is passed through the coils, so that the coils of each phase are applied to the outer periphery of each armature. A composite magnetic field is generated from the generated magnetic fields, and the composite magnetic field is configured so that the outer periphery of each armature, which is apparently a stator, changes in a rotational manner by phase advancement and commutation by a switching device, etc. The conventional structure was such that a rotor consisting of fixed magnetic poles arranged around the outer periphery of a stator was rotated by changes in the rotating magnetic field caused by this.

However, in a motor with this type of structure, as mentioned above, the coils of two or more phases are wound around the same armature pole, so if we look at the moment when the coils are formed, the windings are wound around one pole. Because each coil being turned may have current flowing in the opposite direction, and because the coils are wound across the slots between each armature, the magnetic field in each armature is The problem is that there are coil parts that do not directly contribute to generation, and the magnetic flux generated by each coil runs across the iron core, making the magnetic field line circuit complicated, which increases losses such as magnetic hysteresis. There were three problems, including the fact that it only got bigger and bigger. Because of these three problems, it cannot be said that the electric power used in conventional motors is necessarily sufficiently efficiently converted into rotational power.

(Means and effects for solving the problems) In order to alleviate the drawbacks of the motor proposed by the applicant and obtain a motor with less uneven rotation, the present invention is configured such that each armature has one pole and one coil winding. At the same time, the purpose is to prevent the magnetic fluxes of the lines of magnetic force from intersecting each other in a complicated manner, and to provide a highly efficient motor as a synergistic effect of these effects, and one of the stator and rotor is permanently attached. A magnetic pole made of a magnet, etc., and the other one is composed of each armature with one pole and one coil winding, and all the armatures within the central angle of 360° divided by an integer. A motor whose wires are connected so that only one phase of current flows through it, and a material such as a non-magnetic material that makes it difficult for magnetic flux to pass through is interposed between the armature and the armature through which the other phase current flows. This eliminates the need for current to flow in opposite directions in each armature or the need for coils to straddle slots, and the lines of magnetic flux caused by the magnetic field generated by the armatures to circulate smoothly without crossing each other, making it possible to use a conventional motor. This provides a highly efficient motor with a much higher motor constant than that of the conventional motor.

(Example) The present invention will be described in detail below using examples shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual side view of a three-phase eight-pole motor that is an embodiment of the present invention.
Armature teeth 3,3'... are provided radially around the stator base portion fixedly attached to the stator base (not shown), and the fixed armature teeth 3,3'... . . may have the same width, but in this embodiment, the angle occupied by the central angle is 50° to the left from the top of the drawing, as shown in the figure.
It is constructed by repeating 40' and 30' widths three times and attaching them in that order. The body connecting the stator base 2 and each of the armature teeth 3, 3', .・・・
..., and the coil 5 is wound around this part with one pole and one coil winding as described later. In this way, each fixed armature tooth 3.3'..., fixed armature iron core 4.4'...
..., each armature 6.6'... by coil 5
...is constructed.

As shown in the figure, each fixed armature core 4.4'... has three cores within a range of 120°, which is 360° divided by 3, an integer, from the top of the drawing to the left. A coil for carrying an A-phase current is wound with one coil per pole so that the current flows in the opposite direction to each adjacent fixed armature iron core 4.4'.

Of course, one fixed armature iron core is wound with one coil many times, but to simplify the drawing, each coil is shown with two turns. Similarly, coils that carry B-phase current are connected to the three fixed armature cores within the next 120° range, and
The three fixed armature iron cores within the range of 0" are wound with coils that carry C-phase current, and as a result, each armature with three different widths 6.6', 6'... ..., and each armature 6°6', 6'... is 36o due to the structure of the above coil.

Each of the three armatures 6 within a range of 120° divided by 3
．． 6' and 6' are configured so that commutation occurs simultaneously due to progression of the phase of the supplied current.

Furthermore, the stator base ↓ connecting each of the armatures 6, 6' and 6' is divided into armatures that carry the same phase current, as shown in the figure, and is placed between armatures that carry currents of other phases. By intervening non-magnetic materials such as aluminum, carbon, synthetic resin, etc.
Alternatively, an air gap is created so that it is difficult for magnetic flux to pass through this part.

Next, the magnetic poles 7 and 7' constituting the rotor may be arranged in a rotor yoke 8 rotatably attached to the rotary shaft 1, and may all have the same width, but in this embodiment, as shown in the figure. From the top left of the drawing, in this example, a north magnetic pole occupies a width of 50°, a south magnetic pole occupies a 40° convergence, and a 50° convergence.
Magnetic poles 7 with two different widths are created by repeating the N-pole magnetic pole that occupies a width of ” and the S-pole magnetic pole that occupies a width of 40°.
Although eight poles of 7' are attached to form a rotor, the width of the magnetic poles is not limited to this, and magnetic poles of the same width may be used.

The above is an example of the configuration of a motor that can carry out this invention,
The wiring and operation of the motor in this example will be explained below.

The second answer diagram is a diagram showing the operating principle of the three-phase eight-pole motor shown in FIG. 1.

In FIG. 1 (1) and FIG. 6 (6), the magnetic poles 7 shown in the upper row and the armatures 6 shown in the lower row are the magnetic poles 7, 7', etc. shown in FIG. Armature 6.6'...
. . 360° is expanded into one straight line to show the positional relationship between the two.

Each of Nl, Sl, N2 . of the magnetic pole 7 in the same figure. The sign of S2 is S
, N indicates the polarity of each magnetic pole, and the next lowercase number is a number for distinguishing each magnetic pole. Also, the NA of each armature 6
, SA, N*, and Sn, the first letters N and S indicate the polarity of each armature 6 at each moment in each figure, and the following lowercase letters... The identification of each armature and the polarity at that moment shall be indicated by combining the Also, among the codes of each armature 6, for example, SA→NA in Fig. 2 (1) means that this armature had the polarity S at the moment before that, that is, at the moment shown in Fig. 2 (6). However, at the moment of +11 in the same figure, the polarity of N is shown due to the commutation of the current applied to the coil 5.

Therefore, each of the three armatures from the left in the second answer diagram, namely the first
For each armature within the 120° range indicated in the figure,
Indicates that a coil is wound to conduct phase, B-phase, and C-phase currents. The reason that the polarities of adjacent armatures 6 in the same phase are different is that the coils are wound in opposite directions on each adjacent iron core, as shown and explained in FIG.

To explain the operating principle of the motor of the above embodiment with reference to the same figure, first, the magnetic poles 7.7', which constitute the rotor, and the armatures 6,6', which constitute the stator. Looking at the moment when
2 is repelled by the NA of each armature 6 constituting the fixed armature 1 and attracted to Sl of each armature 6, and is also attracted to the 82 of the magnetic pole 7.
is repelled by the S of each armature and attracted to the NB of each armature 6, and so on, between all the magnetic poles and each armature up to the right end of Figure 2+11, the magnetic pole 7 is It can be seen that a force is generated that rotates the object to the right. however,
As seen at the left end of Fig. 2(l), N1 of the magnetic pole 7, NA of each armature 6, S of the magnetic pole 7, and 84 of each armature act as a neutral zone, producing rotational force at this moment. However, if the magnetic pole 7 rotates even slightly to the right in the drawing, N1 will still be repelled by NA, SI will also be repelled by SA, and a rotational force will be generated in the right direction in the drawing as before. .

When the rotation speed of this motor increases and synchronizes with the frequency of the applied voltage, when the magnetic pole 7 that constitutes rotation +1 rotates 15 degrees, the magnetic pole 7 that constitutes rotation +1 and each armature 6 that constitutes fixed armature 2 2 (2) by moving the magnetic pole 7 by 15/360 to the right in the figure.
) The positional relationship will be as shown in ().

In this manner, just before the rotor 9 rotates by 15 degrees, commutation occurs in the C-phase current of the 3 Japanese pattern current supplied to this motor.

In order to cause commutation at such a timing, when the 3-Japanese current is applied from outside the motor as in the example, commutation occurs in one phase of the 3-Japanese current due to phase progression. The resulting time, i.e. 1/ of the time required for one cycle.
If the motor reaches a rotation speed such that it rotates only 15/360 times at time 6, the motor will synchronize with the applied voltage, and the time it takes to reach that rotation speed is the motor's rise time. . When applying a 3-Japanese current from the outside of the motor in this way, the motor reaches the desired state as described below only when the motor rotation speed synchronizes with the frequency of the applied voltage as described above after the rise time. It will exert rotational force.

On the other hand, a motor in which direct current is applied from outside the motor and commutation is caused by a commutator or switching element, etc., does not have the problem of rise time as described above, and the motor of the embodiment does not have the problem of rise time. In this case, the commutator and brushes may be arranged so that commutation of one phase occurs every 15' rotation of the rotary hand, and if a switching element is used, the rotor 9 can be switched by a position detection sensor.
Sends a signal to the switching element every 15' rotation,
In response to this, commutation may be sequentially caused from the switching element to each of the three-phase coils.

In any of the above configurations, when the magnetic pole 7 that constitutes rotation +1 rotates 15' from the positional relationship shown in FIG. 2 F11, the positional relationship between the magnetic pole 7 and each armature 6 becomes as shown in FIG. 2 (2). Nc at the moment of FIG. 2 (1) when the positional relationship is established and the C-phase current is flowing.

Due to the above-mentioned reason, commutation occurs in the coils of the armatures Sc and Nc just before they reach this positional relationship, so the polarity of each armature changes at the moment shown in FIG. 2 (2), and Sc, Nc and Sc. That is, the above N within a range of 120°, which is 360° divided by 3,
Commutation occurs simultaneously in each of the armatures c, S c, and N C+. It became N., SC1.

The polarity of each other armature 6 is the same as that in FIG. 2(1).

Looking at the force generated due to the positional relationship between the magnetic poles 7 and each armature 6 at the moment shown in FIG. NA of 6
SI of the magnetic pole machine 7 is repelled by the SA of each armature 6 and attracted to the NA, and N2 of the magnetic pole 7 is repelled by the NA of each armature 6 and attracted to S. and so on, until you reach the right end of Figure 2 (2).
It can be seen that a force that causes the magnetic poles constituting the rotor to rotate in the right direction in the figure is generated at any location.

The following figures up to Figure 2 (6) are all the same, and in each case the positional relationship between the magnetic poles 7 and each armature 6 is shown in a state where the magnetic poles 7 constituting the rotor 1 are rotated by 15 degrees compared to the previous figure. and from the moment of Figure 2 (1) to Figure 2 (2)
Immediately before the moment (3) in the same figure, commutation occurs simultaneously in each armature carrying the C-phase current, and then immediately before the moment (3) in the same figure, each armature carrying the B-phase current occurs. Commutation occurs at , and then immediately before the moment (4) in the same figure, commutation occurs at the same time in each armature carrying the A-phase current. Compare each case with the previous figure. This shows that the polarity of each armature where commutation occurred has changed from the previous figure, but at any moment in Figure 2,
It can be understood from the same explanation as above that it generates a force that rotates in the right direction in the drawing.

(Other Embodiments) Of course, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. In addition, although the three-phase connection is shown as a Y connection in Figure 1, it may be a Δ connection, and the width of each type of armature and the width of each type of magnetic pole may be , the number of phases, the number of poles, etc. are not limited to the above embodiments, and can be freely configured in terms of design.

The method of commutation is similar, and as mentioned in the above embodiments, the present invention can be implemented using a sensor and a switching mechanism, a commutator and brushes, or other commutation methods.

Also, just like the development diagram shown in the second answer diagram, the present invention can be implemented as a linear motor by arranging the armature that constitutes the stator and the slider consisting of fixed magnetic poles in a straight line, or vice versa. Can be implemented.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, the present invention deals with the armatures constituting the stator or the rotor. By arranging the wiring so that commutation occurs at the same time and by winding one coil per pole, current does not flow in the opposite direction to one armature coil (as seen in conventional motors). Since there is no slot/throat crossing line, there is an advantage that a motor with a high motor constant can be obtained.

Furthermore, in the present invention, since a material such as a non-magnetic material through which magnetic flux is difficult to pass is interposed between the armatures through which currents of other phases flow, as described above, the magnetic field generated from each armature is As shown by arrows 11 and 11' in Figure 1, the lines of magnetic force circulate between the platers through which the current of the same phase flows, and the magnetic flux generated from the armature of the other phase intersects with the magnetic flux of the other phase. This corrects the unreasonable points of conventional motors in three ways: the magnetic field line circuit follows a simple and smooth circuit, and there is less energy loss due to magnetic hysteresis, etc. Therefore, due to these synergistic effects, experiments have shown that the motor of the present invention has a revolutionary motor with a motor constant that is more than twice that of a motor with the same weight and conventional structure. It was.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual side view of a three-phase eight-pole motor in which the present invention can be implemented. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the positional relationship between the magnetic poles and the armature by expanding the entire 360° circumference of the motor shown in FIG. 1 into a single straight line.

Claims (1)

[Claims] One of the stator and rotor is composed of magnetic poles made of permanent magnets, etc., and the other is composed of armatures with one pole and one coil winding, and 360° of each armature is divided by an integer. All the armatures within the central angle are connected so that only one phase of current flows through them, and there is no material, such as a non-magnetic material, between them and the armatures through which other phase currents flow. A motor that is made by interposing something that makes it difficult for magnetic flux to pass through.