JPS63144744A - Brushless axial field rotary electric machine without exciter - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make a brushless structure without exciter easily and efficiently, by specializing the pole structure of an axial field rotary machine. CONSTITUTION:In an axial field rotary machine an armature winding 101 is provided to the stator side and a field winding to the rotor side. An exciting winding 102 is provided to the stator. The configuration is to serve as both the magnetic circuit in which the armature winding 101 interlinks and another magnetic circuit in which the exciting winding section 102 interlinks. The relation with the number of poles brought about by causing the exciting current to flow through the exciting winding section 102 is to be 1 for one pole and 2 for the other. Exciting voltage is made to generate in the rotor exciting winding section by cutting the poles with the rotor exciting winding section which are produced by causing the exciting current to flow through the exciting winding section 102. With this exciting voltage the field winding section is excited in causing the current to flow.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention In ordinary rotating electric machines such as induction machines and synchronous machines, the direction of the magnetic field created by the current flowing through the windings is in the direction of the rotation radius of the rotor; There is a rotating electric machine in which the direction of the magnetic field created by the current is in the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor, and this is called an axial field rotating electric machine.

When considering the relative positional relationship between the stator winding or the rotor winding and the rotor, the relationship is as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 for a normal rotating electric machine and an axial magnetic field rotating electric machine, respectively. In FIG. 1 of a typical rotating electrical machine, the direction of the rotation radius around the rotation axis 2 of the rotor 1 is indicated by 3. Winding 4
Regardless of whether it is a stator winding or a rotor winding, the direction of the magnetic field created by the current flowing therein is in the direction of the rotation radius of the rotor, that is, the direction 3 in the case of FIG. In contrast, in the case of FIG. 2, the direction 3 of the magnetic field created by the current flowing in the winding 4 coincides with the direction of the rotation axis 2 of the rotor 1.

Among the above ideas is the idea that the direction 3 of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the winding coil created by the winding 4. Also second
In the case of the figure, the content of the idea that the rotation axis 2 of the rotor 1 and the direction 3 of the magnetic field match is considered as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the angle α between the direction of the rotation axis 2 and the direction of the magnetic field 3 is -45°<α<4.
5° is assumed to be within the range of equation (1). If there is an angle α outside the range of equation (1), this is considered to be a structure of a radial magnetic field, which is a conventional rotating electrical machine, rather than an axial magnetic field.

Based on the above considerations, the present invention relates to an axial magnetic field rotating electrical machine.

The following structure can be considered as an axial magnetic field rotating electric machine.

(1) Something like the one shown in FIG. 4, which consists of a single stator 5 and a single rotor 1. The arrow indicates the direction of the magnetic flux ■.

(2) A single rotor 1 is sandwiched between two stators 5 as shown in FIG.

(3) As in Fig. 5, a single rotor 1 has two stators 5
Something like the one shown in Figure 6 is sandwiched between the two.

In the case of FIG. 5, the central stator 1 has a yoke and is provided with an armature winding, whereas in FIG. 6, the stator 5 has a yoke and is provided with an armature winding.

Although various combinations other than the above combinations are conceivable, basically the configuration of an axial magnetic field rotating electric machine is a combination of a stator and a rotor as described above.

Among these, the present invention relates to a rotating electric machine having a synchronous machine structure in which a rotor is provided with a field winding and magnetic poles, and a stator is provided with an armature winding. These rotating electrical machines include not only synchronous generators and synchronous motors, but also thyristor motors that use synchronous machines as rotating electrical machines.
Moreover, it is related not only to multi-phase machines such as three-phase machines and two-phase machines, but also to single-phase machines. However, in order to simplify the explanation, in some cases the explanation will be limited to, for example, a three-phase synchronous generator, but it should be noted that the explanation can also be applied to the various rotating electrical machines mentioned above. It is.

Axial magnetic field rotating electric machines generally have a higher output per unit of weight used than conventional radial magnetic field rotating electric machines. Also, the large diameter-to-length ratio is advantageous for multipole machines and low-speed machines. Furthermore, the use of a rotor without a yoke provides the advantage of being able to create a rotating electrical machine with rapid response and low inertia.

In such a rotating electric machine, a synchronous machine can be used as a synchronous generator, and as a synchronous motor, it can perform power factor control that cannot be done with an induction motor, and as a thyristor motor, it can also perform smooth speed control. However, such a synchronous machine has the following problems.

In other words, in order to make maintenance easier, if a rotating electric machine is to have a brushless structure, an AC exciter is required, which makes it impossible to obtain a large output per unit of weight used, and also makes it impossible to lower the inertia rate of the rotor as a whole. Become.

The object of the present invention is to simply and efficiently produce a brushless structure without an exciter in such an axial magnetic field synchronous machine. In order to achieve such an object, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. In a rotating electrical machine with a so-called axial magnetic field arranged such that the angle α between them exists between -45° and 45°, an armature winding that passes a load current through a stator, as shown in FIG. The field winding parts 30-31 are provided on the rotor as shown in FIG. The arrangement is such that the interlinking magnetic circuits of the child winding section 101 and the interlinking magnetic circuits of the excitation winding section 102 are used together, and the number of magnetic poles created by flowing the excitation current to the excitation winding section 102 is as follows. The winding arrangement is such that one of the relationships is 1 and the other is twice that relationship, and the magnetic poles created by passing an excitation current through the excitation winding part 102 are used as rotors with the same number of poles. An excitation voltage is induced in the excitation winding section 32 in FIG. 14, and the excitation voltage causes the field winding section 3 to
0 and 31 to create field poles, and a connection is made in which DC field current is supplied from the rotor excitation winding 32 to the field windings 30 and 31 via the rotary rectifier 53.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the arrangement of stator excitation windings arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
, 7, and 8 indicate the grooves into which the windings are inserted, and the solid line indicates the upper opening and the dotted line indicates the lower opening of the winding coil.

The winding arrangement is one phase each from a to a' and from b to b', and the entire winding is two-phase winding. This will result in a 4-pole array. The winding arrangement shown in FIG. 7 can also be considered as the excitation winding arrangement of the rotor. FIG. 8 shows an example of the field winding arrangement in this case, which is a two-pole arrangement. A to A' and B to B' each form one phase, and the two-phase winding is formed as a whole.A two-phase winding arrangement is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, but FIG. 9 shows an example of a three-layer winding arrangement. a-a', bb', and c-c' indicate the winding arrangement of each phase of the three-phase winding.

In FIG. 10, the stator excitation winding 102 is a winding separate from the stator armature winding 101, and the three-phase terminals 95, 96, 97 of the armature winding 101 are connected to capacitors 105, 106,
107, the excitation current is supplied to the stator excitation winding 102 through a rectifier 98 with a control element. In FIG. 10, when the armature winding 101 is a generator, the excitation current of the excitation winding 102 is obtained from the armature winding 101, and when it is an electric motor, the excitation current of the excitation winding 102 is obtained from the armature winding 101. It is obtained from the power supply connected to the winding 101. Armature winding 10
1 three-phase terminals 95, 96, 97 are then connected to the power supply via electrical connection lines 92, 93, 94. 1st
The rectifier 98 with a control element shown in FIG. The capacitors 105, 106, 107 are inserted to supply current from the high voltage three-phase electrical connection lines 92, 93, 94 to the low voltage stator excitation winding 102, thereby reducing the voltage without loss. Let the middle point of the armature winding 101 be 100.

In FIG. 10, the stator armature winding 101 and the stator excitation winding 102 are separate windings, but in FIG. 11, the stator armature winding 101 itself also functions as the stator excitation winding.

In FIG. 11, the stator armature winding 101 is connected in a double star shape, and the external connection terminals 95, 96, 97 are
Excitation current is supplied from the outside through intermediate connection terminals 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 of each phase. FIG. 11 shows an example of a circuit for a generator, with three-phase electrical connection lines 92, 93
, 94 to the load 22, the secondary circuit of the current transformer 21 connected to the connecting lines 92, 93, 94 and the capacitor 20 connected to the connecting lines 92, 93, 94 are connected in parallel, This is connected to the input terminal 18 of the frequency conversion control device 14, and the output terminal 19 is connected to the transformer 23, 2.
4 and 25 to the intermediate connection terminals 8 and 9 of the armature winding 101
, 10, 11, 12, and 13. In this way, the excitation current is supplied to the armature winding 101.

In order to consider the current flowing through the three-phase star-connected armature winding 101 in FIG. 11, consider one phase winding among the three-phase windings. Its windings are directly connected in series with windings 65 and 7, 6 and 3
4 are connected in parallel. Such series-parallel connections 65-7 and 6-34 constitute a one-phase winding. An excitation current is supplied between the intermediate connection point 9 between the windings 65 and 7 and the intermediate connection point 8 between the windings 6 and 34, and the dotted line arrow indicates the direction of the excitation current at a certain moment, and the solid line indicates the direction of the excitation current at a certain moment. The arrow indicates the direction of the load current at a certain moment. The magnetic poles thus created by the excitation current and load current flowing in the armature winding 101 have a one-to-two relationship, for example, if one has four poles and the other has eight poles. With respect to such a stator winding, the rotor winding is arranged as shown in FIG.
A DC field current is supplied to the field windings 30 and 31 through the .

In FIG. 11, an exciting current is supplied from the transformer 23 to the intermediate connection terminals 8 and 9 of the armature winding 101, and the frequency conversion control device 14 connected to the primary side of the transformer 23 is controlled.
An example of the circuit is shown in FIG. The frequency conversion control device 14 is provided with a forward conversion device 15 at the input terminal 18 thereof, and an inverse conversion device 16 is connected to its DC side circuit via a reactor 17. The AC output terminal 19 of the inverter 16 is connected to the input terminals of the transformers 23, 24, 25. A control device 26 that controls a control element circuit of a rectifier with a control element constituting the forward conversion device 15 is connected,
A control element 27 that controls a control element circuit of a rectifier with a control element constituting the inverse conversion device 16 is connected. The excitation current flowing through the armature winding 101 is controlled by the control devices 26 and 27. In FIG. 11, the frequency conversion control device 14 is connected to the primary circuits of the transformers 23, 24, 25, but it is also possible to connect a rectifier to the armature winding 101 side of the transformers 23, 24, 25. It will be done.

The electromagnetic coupling between the stator armature winding 101 of FIG. 11 and the rotor winding of FIG. 14 will now be explained as follows. In other words, when the excitation current indicated by the dotted arrow in FIG. 11 flows through the armature winding 101 and, for example, four magnetic poles are formed, an electromotive force is induced in the four-pole rotor excitation winding 32, and is rectified by the rotary rectifier 53, and a field current is supplied to the two-phase two-pole field windings 30 and 31. The resulting two-pole magnetic field rotates, and the two-pole armature winding 101 correspondingly operates as a two-pole AC synchronous generator. The above action is based on the fact that when windings with a 1 to 2 pole number double as a magnetic circuit, the windings with the same number of poles interact with each other, and the windings with different numbers of poles do not interact with each other. Conceivable.

In FIG. 11, an electrical connection diagram as shown in FIG. 12 is shown as an example of the frequency conversion device 14. A forward conversion device 15 consisting of a rectifier with a control element is connected to the input terminal 18 , an inverse conversion device 16 consisting of a rectifier with a control element is connected via a reactor 17 , and its output side is connected to the output terminal 19 . It is. FIG. 13, like FIG. 14, shows the arrangement of the rotor windings. In FIG. 11, the frequency converter 14 is not necessarily necessary, and the frequency converter 14 is deleted and transformers 23, 2 are used instead.
A rectifier with a control element of a bridge circuit may be connected to each phase of the circuit on the armature winding 101 side of Nos. 4 and 25. In this way, the terminal voltage of this synchronous generator can be finely adjusted by controlling the control elements of the rectifiers with control elements that constitute the bridge circuit. The rotor excitation windings 28 and 29 in FIG. 13 are electrically connected to two-phase, two-pole field windings 30 and 31 as shown in the figure via rotary rectifiers 103 and 104. It is assumed that the excitation windings 28 and 29 constitute a two-phase winding.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing connections of parts related to stator windings when the present invention is applied to an AC synchronous generator or a synchronous motor. The three-phase windings constituting the stator armature winding 101 are 35, 36, and 37, and the windings 35, 36,
The intermediate points 38, 39, 40 of 37 are connected to external connection wires 108
Connect to 109 and 110. When used as a synchronous motor, 41 is a frequency conversion device, but when used as a synchronous generator, it is unnecessary. When used as a synchronous generator, external connection wires 108, 109, and 110 are used as load 4.
6, but when used as a synchronous motor, it is connected to 4.
6 is considered to be an AC power source.

The control device 14 has an input terminal 18 and an output terminal 19, and the control device 14 can also function as a frequency conversion device. The input terminal 18 is connected to the external connection wire 108,
109 and 110 , and the output terminal 19 is electrically connected to the primary winding 47 of the transformer 43 . Examples of the control device 14 are shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. In the case of FIG. 16, the frequency converter 1 including the voltage source inverter 16
4 is shown, 15 is a forward conversion device, and a control device 51 that controls a control element circuit of a rectifier with a control element constituting this is shown. An instruction circuit 50 to this control device 51 is also illustrated. Voltage source inverter 16 and forward converter 15
A capacitor 49 is connected in parallel to the connection. A diode 54 is connected in parallel to a rectifier 55 with a control element that constitutes the inverter 16 . In the case of the frequency conversion device 14 shown in FIG. 17 including the current source inverter 16, a reactor 52 is connected in series between the inverter 16 and the forward conversion device 15. A double star connection is formed using intermediate points 38, 39, 40 of the three-phase windings 35, 36, 37 forming the armature winding 101 as terminals. That is, both ends of the three-phase windings 35, 36, and 37 are connected to the secondary winding 4 of the transformer 43.
Make an electrical connection with both ends of 8 to create a closed circuit. A connecting wire 111 connecting the midpoints of each phase of the secondary winding 48 of the transformer 43 serves as the neutral point of the star connection. Armature winding 1
01, the instantaneous direction of the load current is shown by a solid arrow.The currents electromagnetically cancel each other out in the transformer, resulting in the transformer secondary winding 48 not operating as a reactor, and ending up in the armature winding. When a load current flows to 101, the secondary winding 48 of the transformer 43 and the connecting wire 111 are together at their neutral point, resulting in a double star connection. On the other hand, the dotted arrow indicates the instantaneous current direction of the excitation current flowing in response to the current in the primary winding 47 of the transformer 43. In this way, the current flowing through the armature winding 101 becomes two types of current shown by the solid line arrow and the dotted line arrow, but the magnetic poles that create these two types of current have a pole number of 1 to 2 or 2 to each other. It will be 1 to 1. When such a relationship exists, the rotor winding has the same number of poles as the number of magnetic poles created according to the current flowing as indicated by the dotted line arrow, and the number of magnetic poles corresponding to the current flowing as indicated by the solid line arrow. Build a field pole. In this way, the stator excitation winding and the rotor excitation winding having the same number of poles interact with each other, and the stator armature winding and the rotor field winding having the same number of poles. interact with each other. Furthermore, windings with different numbers of poles do not interact with each other.

Therefore, for example, when the stator winding shown in Figure 15 is used in combination with the rotor winding shown in Figures 13 and 14, it can be operated as a brushless, exciterless synchronous generator or synchronous motor. It can be done.

FIG. 18 is a diagram similar to FIG. 15, but it is particularly applied to a synchronous motor, and the transformer 4 is connected to the controller 14.
Excitation current is directly supplied from the AC power supply 46 to the primary winding 47 of No. 3. The control device 14 may simply supply excitation power with the same frequency as the AC power source 46, or may convert the frequency and supply power with a frequency different from the AC power source 46 to the transformer 4.
A case where the power is supplied to the primary winding 47 of No. 3 is also conceivable. From the AC power supply 46 to the armature winding 101 via the frequency converter 41
The AC power source 46 is connected to the transformer 43 via the control device 14 for the direction of rotation of the field pole created by the load current supplied to the transformer 43.
It is preferable that the direction of rotation of the magnetic poles created by the excitation power supplied to the armature winding 101 through the magnetic poles is reversed.

FIG. 19 shows an example of a connection diagram when the present invention is applied to a single-phase brushless exciterless synchronous machine. The armature windings 65, 6, 7, and 34 of the stator correspond to the one phase portions 65, 6, 7, and 34 of the three-phase armature winding in FIG. 11, and are the single-phase armature windings. Configure. In the case of Fig. 19, in addition to these armature windings, there is also an excitation power supply winding 4 on the stator.
4 is provided. Both terminals 57, 5 of the excitation power supply winding 44
8 to the intermediate terminals 8, 9 of the armature winding via the control device 45.
electrically connected to. The terminals at both ends of the armature windings 65, 6, 7, and 34 are electrically connected from 141 and 42 to the external connection device 56. When windings 5, 6, 7, and 34 are used as generator armature windings, 56 becomes a load, and the winding 65
, 6, 7, and 34 are used as motor armature windings, 56 becomes a generator. In this way the armature winding 65
, 6, 7, and 34, the load current and excitation current flow in the same way as in Fig. 11, and the magnetic poles created by the flow of the load current and the magnetic poles created by the flow of the excitation current are different. The ratio of the number of magnetic poles is 1:2 or 2:1.

Figure 20 shows 65, 6, one phase of the armature winding in Figure 11,
7,34 arrangement is shown. Its terminals 8, 9,
95 and 100 correspond to the same reference numerals in FIG. The black arrow indicates the instantaneous current direction of the load current in FIG. 21, and the white arrow indicates the exciting current direction in FIG. As you can see, a two-pole magnetic field is created by the load current shown by the black arrow, and a four-pole magnetic field is created by the excitation current shown by the white arrow.In general, the number of poles is twice that of the magnetic field created by the load current. In this case, the magnetic field created by the excitation current is created by the excitation current. In contrast to the one-phase winding shown in FIG. 20, FIG. 21 shows an example in which all three-phase windings are arranged. An example of two-layer winding is shown in conjunction with FIG. 20, where solid lines indicate coil locations located in the upper layer of the groove, and dotted lines indicate coil locations located in the lower layer of the groove.

In the winding arrangement examples shown in Figures 20 and 21, the coils are shaped like this to make it easier to understand the relationship between the coils, but to suit the actual situation, the coils should be fan-shaped as in Figures 8 and 9. Should. Figure 22 shows the field winding 3 of Figures 13 and 14.
0 and 31 are shown as examples of winding arrangement diagrams. In this example, they are arranged in two-phase winding. FIG. 23 shows an example of a winding arrangement diagram corresponding to the excitation windings 28 and 29 of FIG. 13. Figure 24 shows the armature windings 65, 6, 7 of Figure 19,
34 and an arrangement diagram of the excitation power supply winding 44.

The underlined numbers such as 1, 2, etc. in FIGS. 23 and 24 are the arrangement numbers of the grooves. Considering the shape of these winding arrays, it is thought that they should be shown as fan-shaped.

The effects of the present invention explained above can be summarized as follows.

Axial field rotating electric machines have various advantages over the radial field rotating electric machines commonly used today.
Among them, the axial magnetic field synchronous machine can be used as a synchronous generator and also as a synchronous motor. These can perform power factor control that cannot be done with induction machines, and can perform smooth speed control as a thyrist motor. Such an axial magnetic field synchronous machine has a brushless structure, and a structure without an exciter can be easily and efficiently produced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relative relationship between the rotating shaft and the windings in a conventional radial magnetic field rotating electric machine as opposed to the axial magnetic field rotating electric machine related to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relative relationship between the rotating shaft and the windings in an axial magnetic field rotating electric machine. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the angle α formed between the direction of the rotation axis and the direction of the magnetic field of the axial magnetic field rotating electric machine of the present invention. FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 are relative views showing the relationship between the stator and rotor of the axial magnetic field rotating electrical machine of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of arrangement of stator excitation windings arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a rotor field winding arrangement arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a three-phase winding arrangement in which rotor field windings or stator excitation windings are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction. 10th
The figure is an example diagram showing the relationship between the stator excitation winding and the stator armature winding to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 11 is an example of a stator winding diagram to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 12 is an example of an electrical connection diagram of the frequency converter 14 in FIG. 11. FIG. 13 is an example of a rotor electrical connection diagram to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 14 is also an example of a rotor electrical connection diagram to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 15 is an example of a connection diagram related to stator windings when the present invention is applied to a synchronous generator or a synchronous motor. Both FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 are examples of electrical connection diagrams of the frequency conversion device applicable to FIG. 15. FIG. 18 is an example of a connection diagram related to stator windings when the present invention is applied to a rotating electric machine having a synchronous motor structure. FIG. 19 is an example of a connection diagram related to stator windings when the present invention is applied to a rotating electric machine having a single-phase synchronous machine structure. FIGS. 20 and 21 show examples of arrangement diagrams of stator armature windings of a rotating electrical machine to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 22 is an example of the arrangement of rotor field windings in a rotating electrical machine to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 23 is an example of an arrangement diagram of rotor excitation windings in a rotating electrical machine to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of arrangement of stator windings in a single-phase synchronous machine structure corresponding to FIG. 19. The following symbols represent the main parts of the diagram below. 1: Rotor, 2: Rotation axis, 3: Rotation radial direction, 4
: winding, 5: stator, 6, 7, 34, 65: winding group forming one phase of the three-phase armature winding, 8,
9, 10, 11, 12, 13: Intermediate connection point, 14: Control device, 15: Forward conversion device, 16: Inverse conversion device,
17: Reactor, 18: Input terminal, 19: Output terminal, 20: Capacitor, 21: Current transformer, 22: Load, 23, 24, 25: Transformer, 26: Control device,
27: Control device, 28, 29: Excitation winding, 30:
Two-phase two-pole field winding, 31: Two-phase two-pole field winding, 32
: Rotor excitation winding, 35, 36, 37: Three-phase windings forming the stator armature winding 101, 38, 39,
40: Intermediate terminal of windings 35, 36, 37, 41: Control device, 141, 42: Armature terminal, 43: Transformer,
44: Excitation power supply winding, 45: Control device, 46: External connection equipment, 47: Primary winding of transformer, 48: Secondary winding of transformer, 49: Capacitor, 50: Instruction circuit to control device 51 , 51: Control device for control element circuit, 52: Reactor, 53: Rotating rectifier, 54:
Diode, 55: Rectifier with control element, 56: External connection equipment, 57, 58: Excitation power supply winding terminal, 9
2, 93, 94: Three-phase electrical connection line, 95, 96, 97
: Three-phase terminal of stator armature winding, 98: Rectifier with control element, 99: Control device, 100: Neutral point, 101
: Armature winding, 102: Excitation winding, 103, 104
: Rotating rectifier, 105, 106, 107: Capacitor, 108, 109, 110: External connection wire, 11
1 connection line.

Claims (1)

[Claims] The angle α between the direction of the magnetic field created by passing a current through the field winding installed on the rotor and the axis of rotation of the rotor is -45°.
In a rotating electric machine having a so-called axial magnetic field arranged so as to exist between The arrangement is such that excitation power is supplied to the excitation winding section installed in the stator, and the arrangement is such that the interlinking magnetic circuit of the armature winding section and the interlinking magnetic circuit of the excitation winding section are used as both the interlinking magnetic circuit. The relationship between the number of magnetic poles created by passing an excitation current through the excitation winding is such that one of them is 1 and the other is twice that number, and the excitation winding is The rotor excitation winding section with the same number of poles cuts the magnetic poles created by passing an excitation current to induce an excitation voltage in the rotor excitation winding section, and the excitation voltage causes a current to flow through the field winding section. A structure of a rotating electric machine in which DC field current is supplied from the rotor excitation winding to the field winding via a rotary rectifier by creating field poles.