JPS63119630A - Skylight structure for culture greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a skylight structure for a cultivation greenhouse for growing and cultivating plants such as vegetables, fruits, and flowers.

[Problems to be solved by the prior art and the invention] In general, greenhouses for cultivating this type of cultivation, in cold seasons such as winter,
If outdoor cultivation is not possible, or if plants can be grown quickly through forced cultivation, the surrounding area is surrounded by translucent materials such as translucent films or boards, and the room temperature can now be maintained higher than the outside temperature. There is. However, in this case, the plants on the south side are directly irradiated with sunlight, but the plants on the north side are shaded by the plants on the south side and tend to lack substantial sunlight. This tendency is especially strong in winter, when the daylight hours are short and the elevation angle of the sun is low.As a result, it becomes difficult to secure sufficient sunlight for plants facing north, resulting in poor growth. This poses a problem as there is a risk that the

[Means for Solving the Problems] In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention was created with the aim of providing a skylight structure for a cultivation greenhouse that can eliminate these drawbacks. A skylight for ventilation that can be opened and closed is provided on the north outer wall of the cultivation greenhouse surrounded by translucent materials, and the inner surface of the skylight is used as a reflecting surface for sunlight, and the reflected light can be used to protect the plants inside the greenhouse. The invention is characterized in that it is configured to irradiate.

With this configuration, the present invention makes it possible to effectively utilize the skylight necessary for ventilation of the greenhouse as a reflector to compensate for sunlight that tends to be insufficient.

[Embodiment] Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. In the drawing, reference numeral 1 denotes a greenhouse, and the greenhouse 1 is built long in the east-west direction with the gable side facing approximately east-west. North side pillar tilted so as to be displaced to the side 3. A framework is formed using roof supports 4 which are supported in an inclined manner between the upper ends of both branches 2.3 so that the south side is lower.

The greenhouse 1 is formed by extending a translucent resin film 5 over the entire surface of these supports 2, 3, 4 and an auxiliary frame material (not shown) as an outer wall.

On the other hand, 6 is a reflective plate that also serves as a heat insulator, and the reflective plate 6
has a reflective surface formed from a member such as aluminum foil on both the front and back sides, and this reflective plate 6 is installed on the north side of the greenhouse so as to be approximately parallel to the north support 3. The pillars 3 are erected at a predetermined distance from each other at a predetermined interval, and are erected in an inclined manner with the reflecting surface facing south, reflecting sunlight and reflecting the reflected light toward the upper surface of the floor within the greenhouse. It looks like this. Here, the inclination angle of the reflector 6 is
In the embodiment, the angle is set to approximately 70 degrees. This is an example of assembly in Hokkaido, and the calculation of the inclination angle is that the solar elevation angle is approximately 22 degrees at the winter solstice, which is the smallest, and 111,870 degrees at the summer solstice, which is the largest. Taking the numerical values into consideration, the angle has been calculated as an angle that allows the reflected rays to be concentrated on the plants on the north side in the winter, and that does not cast a shadow on the floor of the greenhouse due to the reflector plate 6 in the summer.

Reference numeral 7 denotes an opening/closing shutter that is assembled into the greenhouse, and guide rails 8 constituting the opening/closing shutter 7 are integrally attached to the pillars on both end sides of the greenhouse 1 either directly or via support frames. There is.

In the embodiment, the guide rail 8 is composed of two rail bodies 8a and 8b arranged in parallel inside and outside, and faces vertically substantially parallel to the south support column 2 on the south side, and faces on the ceiling side. Although it has a gentler slope than the roof support 4, it is laid so that the south side is lower. Furthermore, on the north side, the outer peripheral side rail body 8a is arranged in a storage section formed in the gap between the reflector 6 and the north side support column 3.
are laid parallel to the support column 3, and the inner circumference side rail body 8b is laid at a steeper slope than that.

On the other hand, the shutter curtain is composed of plate-shaped slats 9 made of a heat insulating material such as rigid polyurethane foam made into a plate by an appropriate method such as injection method or lamination method. Reflective surfaces similar to those of the reflective plate 6 are formed on the inner and outer surfaces of the slat 9, and running rollers 10 and 11 are installed on both the left and right edges of the slat 9 in an m-shaped pattern on both the inner and outer surfaces. . The inner running roller 10 supports the inner rail body 8b, and the outer running roller 11 supports the outer rail body 8b.
They are assembled so that they each travel along a path.

On the other hand, reference numeral 12 denotes a working chino attached to the roller shaft 10a of the inner traveling roller 10, and the working chino 12 is arranged so that the edges of adjacent slats 9 face each other with a predetermined gap. The slats 9 are connected continuously. Reference numeral 13 denotes a switch provided at a part of the north corner of the guide rail 8. A drive sprocket 14, which is chain-transmitted to the switch 13, meshes with the operating chain 12. The shutter curtain can be opened and closed by the forced transfer operation of the drive sprocket 14 in conjunction with the forward and reverse drive of the sprocket 13. That is, when the shutter curtains are fully open, they are stored in a stacked manner on the guide rail 8 of the storage section formed on the north side, but when the operating chino 12 is moved to the south side by the drive of the opening/closing machine 13. The slats 9 are connected and sent out in order starting from the upper slat 9, and the leading slat 9 reaches the tip of the guide rail 8, and when the gap between each slat 9 disappears, it is fully opened, and this state is detected by a lower limit switch (not shown). Then, the drive of the opening/closing machine 13 is stopped. Conversely, by driving the switch 13 in the opposite direction to the above, the slats 9 are sequentially fed into the storage section on the north side and become fully open, which is detected by an upper limit switch different from the above, and the switch 1
In this way, the opening and closing of the opening/closing shutter 7 can be controlled. In the figure, reference numeral 15 denotes an airtight sheet provided on the final slat 9, which comes into contact with the reflecting plate 6 when fully opened to ensure airtightness.

On the other hand, 16 is ventilation window 1 opened at the top of the outer wall on the north side.
7 (top of the roof of the greenhouse), the upper edge is attached to the support shaft 1.
6a, and is configured to be freely openable and closable toward the outside of the room.

The skylight 16 can be opened and closed manually or automatically, and the skylight 16 has reflective surfaces on its inner and outer surfaces in the same way as the reflector plate 6 and the slats 9. Like the reflector 6, the reflector 6 reflects sunlight and directs the reflected light into the greenhouse. Moreover, the outer screen of the skylight 16 in the embodiment is covered with a resin film 18 (same quality as that used to form the outer wall) larger than the skylight 16, so that the ventilation window 17 can be closed when closed. This allows for improved airtightness.

The opening and closing of the skylight 16 can be done arbitrarily at the discretion of the greenhouse manager, but it can also be automatically controlled based on the management of conditions such as the temperature inside the greenhouse. .

In the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the opening/closing shutter 7 is kept fully open during the daytime when sunlight is shining, and by doing so, the sunlight is transmitted through the single resin film 5 very efficiently. As it enters, the sunlight is reflected by the reflector 6 and the skylight 16, and the reflected rays are particularly concentrated on the plants on the north side, where it is difficult to obtain sufficient sunlight because they are blocked by the plants on the south side. Therefore, even when the elevation angle of the sun is low, such as during the sheet metal winter, it is possible to ensure even sunlight to the plants in the greenhouse. Furthermore, if the room temperature rises or the humidity is too high, opening the skylight 16 will ensure ventilation in the greenhouse.

In this way, in the present invention, the ventilation in the greenhouse is
Although the skylight 16 can be opened freely through the opening of the skylight 6, the inner surface of the skylight 16 is a reflective surface, which reflects the sunlight toward the upper side of the floor. Even in the case where the sunlight to the plants on the north side is blocked by the plants on the south side, the skylight 16 can be effectively utilized to ensure sufficient sunlight for the plants on the north side. This will ensure the healthy growth of plants.

Moreover, as in the example, i! ! An opening/closing shutter 7 is provided inside the room, and at night, the greenhouse has a double layer of an outer wall formed of a resin film 6 and a shutter curtain that is fully opened, providing excellent heat retention. In this case, a reflecting plate 6 is provided inside the opening/closing shutter 7 to ensure the necessary sunlight through reflected rays, but above the guide rail 8, the reflecting plate 6 is simply extended. It cannot be provided as a single plate, and therefore a separate reflective plate is required to form a reflective surface on the outer wall on the north side, but this is omitted in this example. , it is possible to form a reflective plate for the outside of the opening/closing shutter with an extremely simple configuration of just making the inner surface of the skylight 1G necessary for ventilation of the greenhouse a reflective surface, and it is possible to simplify the structure. It's convenient to be able to do it.

It should be noted that the present invention is of course not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and the point is that the skylight provided in the ventilation window provided on the north outer wall of the greenhouse reflects sunlight and illuminates the plants inside the greenhouse. Any surface that can be configured to function as a reflective surface that can provide sunlight will suffice; therefore, the presence or absence of an opening/closing shutter has no direct relation to the present invention.
Furthermore, as in the embodiment, there may be no reflector plate below the skylight. It goes without saying that by increasing the size of the skylight, the area of its reflective surface can also be increased. Furthermore, in order to ensure even more sunlight, a reflective sheet may be laid on the upper surface of the floor. By doing this, it is possible to ensure extremely efficient sunlight through the synergistic effect of reflection of sunlight and further reflection of the reflected light, which is convenient.

[Operations and Effects] In short, the present invention is configured as described above, and although the greenhouse can be reliably ventilated through the opening of the skylight, the skylight does not The sides are reflective surfaces, which reflect the sunlight and illuminate the plants in the greenhouse with the reflected rays. Therefore, when the angle of elevation of the sun is low, as in winter, the sunlight is blocked by the plants on the south side. Even if plants on the north side tend to receive insufficient sunlight, they will be able to receive the necessary extra sunlight by receiving the reflected light from the reflective surface installed in the skylight, which will prevent them from growing poorly due to lack of sunlight. It is possible to reliably prevent such problems and promote the healthy growth of plants. Furthermore, since this device uses the inner surface of the skylight as a reflective surface to allow parts to be used interchangeably, it not only reduces the number of parts but also greatly contributes to the simplification of the structure.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the skylight structure for a cultivation greenhouse according to the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the greenhouse with the shutter fully open, and FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the greenhouse with the shutter fully open. Longitudinal sectional view of the greenhouse showing the closed state, 3rd
The figure is a perspective view of the main part of the shutter curtain, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the function. In the figure, 1 is a greenhouse, 6 is a reflector, 7 is an opening/closing shutter, 1
6 is a skylight.

Claims (1)

[Claims] A skylight for ventilation that can be opened and closed is provided on the north outer wall of the cultivation greenhouse surrounded by translucent materials, and the inner surface of the skylight is used as a reflecting surface for sunlight, and the reflected light can be used to protect the plants inside the greenhouse. A skylight structure for a cultivation greenhouse, characterized in that it is configured to illuminate.