JPS6311637Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] This invention irradiates a measured object with two types of radiation with different characteristics, detects the radiation that interacts with the measured object, and performs a predetermined calculation using each detection signal. The present invention relates to a radiation applied measurement device that obtains signals corresponding to components of a measured object.

One such device is a petroleum calorimeter that continuously measures the high calorific value of petroleum products. The principle of a petroleum calorie meter is that petroleum products are composed of carbon C, hydrogen H, and sulfur S.
Using 60KeV gamma rays, measure the absorption of carbon C, hydrogen H, and sulfur S, and calculate the amounts of carbon C, hydrogen H, and sulfur S individually by calculating the total amount with the sulfur concentration determined from the 20KeV absorption. The high calorific value is calculated by multiplying these by the high calorific value coefficient.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of a known petroleum calorie meter.

In the petroleum calorimeter, after a sample is prepared under certain conditions using a sampling device 1, the sample is sequentially passed through a vibrating density detector 3, a sulfur detector 4, and a composition detector 5, which are connected through a pipe 2. There is. Each detector has the function of outputting the following signals. That is, the density detector 3 outputs a frequency signal Fx and a sample temperature signal T _D based on equation (1).

ρ={A(TD)} ² −Fx／Fx ²・B(TD) (1) However, ρ...Sample density Fx...Oscillation frequency of the resonator A(TD), B(TD)...Function of the sample temperature , the sulfur detector 4 detects γ emitted by the radiation source 41.
The liquid tank 44 is irradiated with characteristic X-rays of about 20 KeV obtained by applying the rays to a hemispherical target 42 made of a special metal, and the transmitted X-rays are detected by the ionization chamber 43. Outputs an ionization current signal Is and a sample temperature signal Ts.

Is＝Iso e ^- 〓 ^t( 〓 ^hCh+ 〓 ^cCc+ 〓 ^sCs) (2) However, Iso... Ionization current of the sulfur detector 4 when the liquid tank 44 is empty ρ... Sample density t... Effective length of the liquid tank 44 μh , μc, μs…mass absorption coefficient of hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur for 20KeV X-ray (μh=μc) Ch, Cc, Cs…weight composition ratio of hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur in petroleum products (Ch+Cc+Cs=1) Furthermore, The composition detector 5 irradiates the liquid tank 54 with gamma rays of approximately 60 KeV emitted by the radiation source 51, detects the transmitted gamma rays in the ionization chamber 53, and generates an ionization current signal Ic and a signal based on equation (3). Outputs sample temperature signal Tc.

Ic＝Ico e ^- 〓 ^t ′ ⁽ 〓′ ^hCh+ 〓′ ^cCc+ 〓 ^s ′ ^Cs) (3) However, Ico...Ionization current of the composition detector 5 when the liquid tank 54 is empty ρ...Sample density t'...Liquid Effective length of tank 54 μ′h, μ′c, μ′s…mass absorption coefficient of hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur for 60KeVγ rays Ch, Cc, Cs…weight composition ratio of hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur in petroleum products (Ch+Cc+Cs = 1) The sulfur converter 6 receives the output signal Fx of the density detector 3.
and TD and output signals Is and Ts of sulfur detector 4
As input, perform the prescribed calculation to obtain the sulfur concentration signal Cs
The density signal ρ converted to the reference temperature is output to the calorie converter 7, and the normalized current signal ρ is output to the calorie converter 7.
It has a function to output is and id externally. The calorie converter 7 inputs the output signals Ic and Tc of the composition detector 5 and the output signals Cs and ρ of the sulfur converter 6, performs predetermined calculations, and generates a standardized current signal ix corresponding to a high calorific value. and theoretical air volume (or C/H
It has the function of outputting a current signal ig corresponding to the ratio).

In this way, the conventional petroleum calorie meter is configured to have a sulfur detector and a composition detector individually, that is, two radiation sources and two ionization chambers (sensor parts), which reduces the cost. I was getting high. Furthermore, as the number of detectors increases, the number of pipes connecting them also increases, and it is usually necessary to provide steam tracing to these pipes, which has the disadvantage of complicating the flow path configuration.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and in order to reduce costs and simplify the configuration, the present invention includes a target installed opposite to the object to be measured, and a first target installed on the opposite side wall. and a box having a second irradiation window, which is installed between the object to be measured and the target, with the first irradiation window facing the object to be measured and the second irradiation window facing the target; A radiation source housing part for irradiating the object to be measured with the primary radiation of the source and the characteristic X-rays of the target; a means for alternately blocking the primary radiation to the object to be measured and the characteristic X-rays to the object; It has a sensor section that detects primary radiation and characteristic X-rays that interact with the object to be measured.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are explanatory diagrams of the configuration of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In Figures 2A and 2B, the sample flow path of the petroleum calorie meter is the same as in Figure 1, after passing the sample through a sampling device and a vibrating density detector (none of which are shown). Composition detector 8
The structure is such that it flows to Then, the frequency signal Fx and sample temperature signal TD based on equation (1) are sent from the density detector, and the ionization current signal Is or Ic and sample temperature signal based on equation (2) or (3) are sent from the sulfur/composition detector 8. Input the temperature signal To to the signal calculation/control section 9,
A predetermined calculation is performed to output standardized current signals ix, ig, is, and id corresponding to high calorific value, theoretical air amount, sulfur concentration, and density, respectively.

The sulfur/composition detector 8 includes a hemispherical target 82 made of a special metal, a liquid tank 84 connected to the pipe line 2 and through which the sample flows continuously, an ionization chamber 83, and irradiation windows 86a and 86b on opposing side walls. has
A radiation source storage unit 8 that stores a 241Am radiation source 81
5, and a shutter mechanism consisting of a drive section 87 controlled by a signal from the signal calculation/control section 9 and a shutter 88, which is a cylindrical body having a through hole 88a in the side wall and is directly connected to the rotation shaft of the drive section 87. have The shutter mechanism rotates the shutter 88 around the radiation source storage section 85 to alternately block the irradiation windows 86a and 86b. That is, the second
As shown in Figure A, the shutter 88 opens the irradiation window 86b.
The liquid tank 84 is irradiated with gamma rays with an energy level of 60 KeV, which is the primary radiation of the radiation source 81, from the irradiation window 86a, and as shown in FIG. 2B, the irradiation window 86a is shielded with a shutter 88. Finally, the liquid tank 84 is irradiated with X-rays having an energy level of 20 KeV, which are the characteristic X-rays of the target, which can make the primary radiation of the radiation source 81 irradiate the target 82 through the irradiation window 86b. Although not shown, the sulfur/composition detector 8 has a sensor in the liquid tank 84 that detects the temperature of the sample.

The signal calculation/control unit 9 has a circuit configuration centered around a microcomputer, and a multiplexer 91 and each signal given through the multiplexer 91 is held in the first stage circuit, performs a predetermined calculation, and outputs the signal. a calculation unit 92 that outputs ix, ig, is, and id, a multiplexer 91, a calculation unit 92,
It has a control section 93 that controls the drive section 87 and the like.

Next, the operation of the petroleum calorie meter will be explained.

Now, while the sample that has passed through the density detector is continuously flowing into the liquid tank 84, the controller 93
The drive section 87 is turned on by the signal from the shutter 8.
Rotate 8 at a constant speed. By this constant speed rotation, the γ-rays from the irradiation window 86a are alternately irradiated to the liquid tank 84, and the γ-rays from the irradiation window 86b are alternately irradiated to the target 82. Therefore, the detection signal of the ionization chamber 83 is a time-series signal consisting of the ionizing current signal Is based on equation (2) due to characteristic X-rays of 20 KeV and the ionizing current signal Ic based on equation (3) based on equation (3) due to 60 KeV gamma rays. . Therefore, the sulfur/composition detector 8 detects the ionizing current signal Is
A time series signal consisting of and Ic and a sample temperature signal
To will be output in parallel.

On the other hand, the control unit 93 of the signal calculation/control unit 9 generates a signal synchronized with the rotation of the shutter 88, namely: (i) When the liquid tank 84 is irradiated with characteristic X-rays of 20 KeV (the irradiation window 86b is shielded). Ts time).

(ii) When the liquid tank 84 is irradiated with 60 KeV gamma rays (the irradiation window 86a is shielded; this is referred to as Tc time).

(iii) When no radiation is irradiating the liquid tank 84 (the irradiation windows 86a and 86b are shielded; referred to as To time).

give the multiplexer 91 a signal synchronized with
Signal Is when Ts, signal Ic when Tc, signal To when To,
Fx and TD are each input to the calculation unit 92 and held in the first stage circuit. Then, based on these signals, the calculation section 92 performs predetermined calculations and outputs the signals ix, ig,
Output is and id.

FIG. 3A is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of an apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 3A, the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 2A and 2B have the same meanings, and the explanation thereof will be omitted. The features of the device according to this embodiment are:
A disk-shaped shutter 89 is disposed between the radiation source storage section 85 and the liquid tank 84, and this shutter 89 is controlled by a drive section 87 that is controlled by signals from the signal calculation/control section 9.
It has a shutter mechanism that is rotationally driven.
As shown in FIG. 3B, the shutter 89 has a through hole 8 in the plate surface of a disc-shaped member with a rotating shaft 89C in between.
9a and 89b1 to 89b4, and are designed to alternately block the primary radiation of the radiation source 81 and the characteristic X-rays of the target. That is, as shown in FIG. 3A, the shutter 89 connects the through hole 89a to the irradiation window 86a at a position where the plate surface blocks the characteristic X-rays of the target.
The liquid tank 84 is irradiated with only the primary radiation of the radiation source 81, and when the shutter 89 is rotated 180 degrees from this position, a portion 89b5 of the plate surface (see Fig. 3B) ) with the irradiation window 86
The primary radiation from the source is blocked, and only the characteristic X-rays from the target irradiate the liquid tank 84 through the through holes 89b1 to 89b4.

Also in such a sulfur/composition detector 8',
The sample is poured into the liquid tank 84, the shutter 89 is rotated at a constant speed, and the time series signal consisting of the ionization current signals Is and Ic and the sample temperature signal To are generated in parallel, as in the apparatus shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. can be obtained. Therefore, the shutter 8 is sent from the control section 93 of the signal calculation/control section 9 to the multiplexer 91.
The signals Is, Ic,
To, Fx, and TD can be input to the calculation section 92, and predetermined calculations can be performed to output signals ix, ig, is, and id.

In addition, although the said Example demonstrated the petroleum calorie meter, this invention is not limited to this, and may be another radiation application measurement apparatus.

Further, although the sensor section is an ionization chamber, it may be another sensor, for example, a semiconductor element.

As explained above, according to the radiation applied measurement device of the present invention, two types of radiation with different characteristics are obtained from one radiation source and irradiated onto the measured object, and the radiation that interacts with the measured object is generated. are detected by the same sensor section, the cost of the apparatus can be reduced, and the configuration around the detector, for example, the sample flow path, can be simplified.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of a conventional petroleum calorie meter.
2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating the configuration of a petroleum calorie meter according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a petroleum calorie meter according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3B is FIG. 3A is an explanatory diagram of the structure of the shutter of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3A. 1... Sampling device, 3... Density detector,
4...Sulfur detector, 5...Composition detector, 8 and 8'...Sulfur/composition detector, 81...Radiation source, 82
...Target, 83...Ionization chamber, 84...Liquid tank, 85...Radiation source storage section, 86a and 86b...
Irradiation window, 87... drive unit, 88 and 89... shutter, 9... signal calculation/control unit.

Claims (1)

[Claims for Utility Model Registration] Two types of radiation with different characteristics are irradiated onto a measured object, the radiation that interacts with the measured object is detected, and a predetermined calculation is performed based on the detected signal. A radiation applied measurement device for measuring components of a measured object, comprising: a target installed opposite to the measured object; and a box having first and second irradiation windows on opposing side walls; An irradiation window is placed between the object to be measured and the target, with one irradiation window facing the object to be measured and a second irradiation window facing the target. A radiation source storage unit for irradiating the object to be measured, a means for alternately blocking primary radiation to the object to be measured and characteristic X-rays to the object to be measured, and a means for interacting with the object to be measured. A radiation applied measurement device comprising: a sensor unit that detects primary radiation and characteristic X-rays.