JPS63110307A - Simple type dam - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an easily transportable and handleable dam at emergency by housing a high-water absorptive resin in a base material. CONSTITUTION:A high-water absorptive resin 18b is housed in a three- dimensional base material having a water-permeable front face to be directly touched by water 16, a water-stop side face, and an inclined back face. Since the title dam can be stored or carried usually in the dry state, the weight of the dam can be reduced, and also the dam can be easily handled in case of emergency.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a simple embankment body using a super absorbent resin material.

[Conventional technology]

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, construction methods such as earthen piling, shedding, and water matting have been used as measures to prevent river embankments from being flooded and to prevent flooding of houses, etc. due to surface water. Sandbag construction uses sandbags made of hemp or polypropylene, which are piled up to an appropriate height, packed with soil between the gaps to prevent water from leaking, and then trodden down to prevent water from leaking.Furthermore, iron piles are driven in to stabilize the sandbag pile. There is. Weir plate construction is a construction method in which boards such as shutters, plywood boards, concrete panels, etc. are fixed with stakes, and sandbags are piled on the back side (in the opposite direction of the water flow) to reinforce them. Furthermore, the water matte supplies water into the exterior made of vinylon canvas to form a continuous embankment body,
This construction method involves reinforcing buildings to prevent them from sliding and falling due to water pressure.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

The conventional construction methods for preventing water construction, flooding, etc. described above require a lot of labor, machinery, and time to form the embankment body. Therefore, there is a problem in that it is not suitable for preventing river embankment flooding and surface water flooding that suddenly occurs during disasters.

[Means for solving problems]

The simple embankment body according to the present invention has a super-absorbent resin material housed in a horizontally long hollow three-dimensional base whose horizontally long surface is positioned with respect to the direction of water ingress and is fixed to the ground surface. hand,
The front side of the base body that is in direct contact with water is made water permeable, the other faces of the base body are made water-tight, and the back side of the base body is formed to be a surface inclined toward the front side.

(Function) In this invention, since only the front face of the base body facing the direction of water ingress is water permeable, water enters the base body from there and causes the superabsorbent resin material to absorb water and undergo gelation and expansion. In addition, since the surface of the base except the front is watertight,
Water entering from the front of the base causes the superabsorbent resin material to spread and expand toward the back of the base. Since the back surface of the base body is formed as a surface inclined toward the front side, as the expansion progresses, the top of the base body is efficiently filled with the gelled superabsorbent resin. The base body filled with super absorbent resin material has a large weight near the front, so it can resist the force of invading water.

[Embodiment] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, (1) is the embankment body, (is a triangular prism-shaped frame made of steel, plastic, or aluminum that constitutes the framework of the embankment body (1), and (4) is the frame.) Each corner of (2) (6) fixation feet provided on the.

(6a) is a water-stop fabric attached to both sides of the frame (2), (8) is a water-stop fabric attached to the back of the frame (2), and α0 is a water-stop fabric attached to the front of the frame (2). The water-permeable cloth, (goods) is a water-stop cloth attached to the underside of the frame (2).It is also surrounded by water-stop and water-permeable cloth (marked, (8a), (8), QO In the frame (Z) surrounded by the frame (Z, a super absorbent resin material of about 3 to 4 vol. , water-permeable cloth (+01 is, for example, natural fiber, artificial fiber,
These include fibers of 50 to 300 mesh made of materials such as gold fibers and mineral fibers, knitted fabrics, and non-woven fabrics. Alternatively, it may be formed by heat-sealing a sheet of thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene. In that case,
Water is passed through the embankment body (1), and the bag is provided with holes so small that they are no longer exposed even if the superabsorbent resin material absorbs water and becomes a gel.

The most suitable material in terms of strength is a woven fabric made of slit yarn made by slitting a stretched thermoplastic resin film or sheet such as polypropylene, which allows water to pass through well and expose gelled water-insoluble resin materials. do not have.

In addition, water-stop fabric (6), (8a), ODD,
02 is, for example, waterproof cloth or polyethylene,
A sheet of thermoplastic resin such as polypropylene can be used. The super absorbent resin material refers to a material that rapidly absorbs a large amount of water and turns it into a gel, and includes super absorbent resins and molded mixtures of super absorbent resins and fibrous materials. For example, superabsorbent resins include (hydrophilic and/or water-soluble monomers) and/or monomers that become hydrophilic and/or water-soluble upon hydrolysis).
A polymer of polysaccharide and polysaccharide (B), a polymer of (A) and crosslinking agent (C), or a polymer of (B), (B), and (0) as essential components, and if necessary, hydrolyzed. These are the resulting polymers, and two or more of these wood-philic crosslinked polymers may be used in combination.The polymers (A) and (B) are hydrolysates of starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymers. , cellulose-acrylic acid graft copolymers and salts thereof.

Polymers (A) and (C) are polyacrylamide crosslinked with a divinyl compound (such as methylene bisacrylamide) and its partial hydrolyzate, crosslinked poval, and JP-A-52
Examples include saponified crosslinked vinyl ester-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymers, crosslinked polyethylene oxide, and the like, which are described in JP-A-14689 and JP-A-52-27455.

In addition, the polymer obtained by polymerizing CA), (B) and (0 as essential components and hydrolyzing if necessary) is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 53
Cross-linked starch-acrylamide graft copolymers, cross-linked starch-acrylic acid graft copolymers and salts thereof, etc. described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 46199, Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-46200, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-4462, etc. be.

The particle size of the polymer particles is usually 5 to 5000μ or less, preferably 20 to 500μ, and the polymer particles are usually 60μ
It has a water absorption capacity of Q/g or more. In addition, a mixed molded product of super absorbent resin and fiber shopping can be made with the above super absorbent resin!
(a) A mixture with a fibrous material or a pressure-molded product. Fibrous materials include natural textiles (vegetable fibers include cellulose, such as paper, cotton, straw, sawdust,
Grass charcoal, valve, etc.; animal fibers include silk, wool, etc.)
Examples include organic fibers such as man-made fibers (cellulose-based ones, such as rayon and acetate), synthetic fibers (polyamide, polyester, acrylic, etc.), inorganic fibers such as asbestos and perlite, and combinations of two or more of these. Among these, preferred are fibers or vegetable fibers that become fibrous in water (hereinafter referred to as organic fibers) such as paper, paper powder, cotton,
Valve, Kusatan. Among these, pulverized paper is particularly preferred. Small pieces of unpulverized paper (for example, 1
~50mm) can also be used,
In addition to the crushed paper, other fibers can be used in combination.

The ratio of crushed paper to other fibers is usually 100:1.99.
Preferably it is 100:0 to 50:50.

The fibers can be in the form of powder, such as finely pulverized or ground fibers, and fibers, such as cut single fibers (usually with a thickness of 100 denier or less), or bundles of multiple fibers. , those treated with a suitable sizing agent and cut, other woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, sheets (for example, paper), etc., cut or loosened. The length of the fibers is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.01 to 50 mm, preferably 0.01 to 50 mm.

In addition, the ratio of super absorbent resin and fibrous material used is usually 579
The weight ratio is 5 to 90/10 (weight ratio), and more preferably 20/80 to 80/20.

The obtained mixture of both is preferably 0.3 g/cm'
Pressure molded to the above bulk specific gravity. More preferably 0.
1 g/crri'' or more. Pressure forming methods include a method of pressure forming into a pellet shape in a formwork at room temperature, and a method of pressure forming into a sheet shape, rod shape, or block shape at room temperature, and then For example, the method of cutting or pulverizing into a size of
50℃), humidification (60~1o).

%).

The pressure during pressure molding is such that the bulk specific gravity of the obtained pressure molded product is 0.
．． The pressure may be 3 g/cm' or more, usually 1 to 3000 Kg/cm2, preferably 100 to 200 Kg/cm2.
0 g/Cl112. Pressure forming can be carried out using, for example, a roll press machine, a hydraulic half-plate press machine, a screw press machine, or the like. As a roll press machine,
Examples include compacting machines with corrugated rolls, calender machines, and briquette machines.

The shape of the obtained press-molded product may be arbitrary, and includes various shapes such as a sphere, a cylinder, a cube, a rectangular parallelepiped, a cone, a pyramid, a rod, a sheet, and a roll.

The size is such that the shortest diameter of the press-molded product is usually 10 cm or less, preferably 3 cm or less.

Due to its nature, superabsorbent resin has a strong affinity for water, and when it comes into contact with water rapidly, a water-absorbing gel is generated only on the surface, which prevents it from absorbing a large amount of water, and as a result, superabsorbent resin may not be able to effectively utilize the water absorption capacity of However, when super absorbent resin is mixed with fibers, pressure molded, and made into granules to absorb water, even if water comes into contact with them rapidly, the water moves into the granules due to the fibers, so the water-absorbing gel only forms on the surface. is generated, which does not impede subsequent water absorption, and efficiently supplies water hundreds to thousands of times its own weight, which is the water absorption capacity of superabsorbent resin.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of FIG. 1. In the figure, α4
) is the one where the foot (4) is driven into the ground surface and the embankment body (1) is fixed to the ground surface α ((16a)
is the water surface of the flowing water O0, (1 mark is a super absorbent resin material, and arrow A indicates the inflow direction of the flowing water (18). In this invention,
The embankment body (1) is arranged with the front face of the embankment body (1) facing the inflow direction (arrow A) of the flowing water (1B).

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the super absorbent resin material 0III) in FIG. 2 absorbs water and becomes a gel and expands. In the figure, (16b) and (16c) are the water level (16a)
Each figure shows a state in which the value has risen and become high. Also (1
8a) to (18e) show superabsorbent resin material Q8) which has become a water-absorbing gel and expands in the direction of arrow B as time passes, as shown in the figure.

The inventor of the present invention researched the relationship between the expansion of the superabsorbent resin material (18) due to water absorption and gelatinization and the form of the embankment body (1), and found that the form of the embankment body (1) is It has become clear that this is related to the expansion direction of the super absorbent resin material (18) due to water absorption and gelatinization, and the shape of the space in the expansion direction. In addition, the super-absorbent resin material becomes a water-absorbing gel, and the embankment body (1)
In this case, the distribution of the force applied to the ground surface α is as follows:
It has also become clear that it is necessary to adapt to the pressure (especially dynamic pressure) of flowing water applied to 1). Various forms of the embankment body (1) can be considered, but the super absorbent resin material α is expanded in the direction of water inflow (arrow A) as shown in Fig. 3. Therefore, the back surface (8a) of the embankment body (1)
), it has become clear that it is desirable to provide a downward slope toward the front with respect to the water inflow direction (arrow A).

Furthermore, the embankment body (1) is provided with a fixing means, but when the pressure of the flowing water is large, the weight of the embankment body (1) near the surface in contact with the flowing water is large, so that the embankment can be stably fixed. It has become clear that it exerts the function of body (1).

In Fig. 3, the force applied by the flowing water to the front surface (10a) of the embankment body (1) is F, and the force applied from the bottom (12a) of the embankment body (1) to the ground surface α4) from the inflow side is Fl, F2.
If F3, then F l> F 2 from the form of the embankment body (1)
> F s , and by increasing Fl, the force of flowing water F
It is meant to be opposed to.

Figure 4 is a side cross-sectional view of Figure 1, similar to Figure 2, but the water level at the 0 mark of flowing water is higher, and the inside of the embankment body (1) is filled with super absorbent resin and water-absorbing gelatinized material at mark a. This shows the filled state.

FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of another embodiment of the invention. In the figure, the back surface of the embankment body (1) is a curved surface, and other than that, the embankment body (1) is the same as the embankment body (1) shown in FIG.

By the way, in the above embodiment, the embankment body (1) is fixed to the ground surface (14) by driving the legs (4) into the ground surface (14), but the embankment body (1) may be fixed by other fixing means. You can.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention. In the figure, (1) is the first one except for the fixing foot (4).
The embankment body is similar to the one shown in the figure. And this levee body (
2), a water-swellable sealing material (2) is installed at the bottom, and the concrete surface (
14a). Water-swellable sealing material (1)
When it comes into contact with water, due to its special molecular structure, it absorbs water through hydrogen bonds and swells, exhibiting a stable water-stopping effect. For example, there are Aquablen C (trade name), Aquablen D (trade name), Aquablen DX (trade name), etc. manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries KK.

Since the sealing material (2) is attached to this embankment body (in the case of 'A'), the foot (4) can be used not only on a smooth and strong surface such as the concrete ground surface (14a), but also on a somewhat uneven surface. Even if it cannot be driven into the ground, it can be easily installed using a sealing material (2).
14a) To secure the structure more firmly, concrete nails may be driven into it and the embankment body (2) may be fixed with lobes, etc. Alternatively, a piece of sealing material (2) may be provided and a weight placed on the piece. It may be placed.

(Effects of the Invention) Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following rtfm effects are produced.

■ Normal storage and storage is done in a dry state with super absorbent resin, so the weight is small and it is easy to store.

■Easy to install, saving labor and time.

■Even if the force of the incoming water is large, it is possible to stop the water with a small-volume embankment.

■It becomes possible to easily respond to disasters during emergencies.

■It is effective in urban disasters because it can be installed regardless of the hardness or softness of the ground surface.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view thereof, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the state in which the superabsorbent resin material expands, and FIG. 4 is the same as that shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of another embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view of still another embodiment of the invention. In the figure, (1) and (31) are the embankment body, (2) is the frame, (4) is the foot, f5), (6a), (8), 0
2 is water-stop fabric, αQ is water-permeable fabric, α4), (1
4a) is the ground surface, (I6) is running water, (16a) ~ (1g
c) L to water surface, QB), (18a) ~ (18c)
It is a super absorbent resin material, and (2) is a sealing material. Agent Patent Attorney Masasa Sato Figure 4

Claims (1)

[Claims] A super absorbent resin material is housed in a horizontally long hollow three-dimensional base that is fixed to the ground surface with its horizontally long surface positioned relative to the direction of water ingress, and the base that is in direct contact with water. A simple embankment body comprising a front surface that is water-permeable, the other surfaces of the base body that are water-tight, and a back surface of the base body that is inclined toward the front side.