JPS62211411A - Simple flood preventive base body - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a flood preventive base body which can be used in a short time in case of disaster by charging a high water-absorptive resin into a body. CONSTITUTION:A three-dimensional body 2 of a sheet material, having sides made of a water-permeable sheet material, is formed, and a high-water absorptive resin is charged into the body 20. The resin is allowed to absorb water to form a hydrated gel in the body 20. The body 20 is used as a flood preventive base. The body 20 can be stored in a greatly reduced volume during the ordinary period and can also be used as the flood preventive base capable of preventing the overflow of river water during the period of flood disaster in a short time.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The invention of B relates to a simple waterproof base.

[Traditional technique]

Conventionally, embankments that impose certain restrictions on the flow of rivers and prevent river water from flooding have been constructed mainly of earth and sand, and include continuous embankments and discontinuous embankments. Continuous levees include the main levee, sub-layer, ring levee, diversion levee, cut-off levee, diversion levee, surrounding layer, and key levee, while discontinuous levee includes plaza, crested levee, back split plate, etc. There are diversion banks and horizontal banks. Furthermore, in order for these levees to restrict the flow of rivers and prevent flooding, they are required to have a certain level of strength, and for this reason, the levee materials must meet the following qualitative conditions.

■ Sufficient compaction, small voids, little UB'ffi shrinkage in response to changes in water content, and the embankment is unlikely to swell or crack.

■ The material must have a low permeability coefficient, meaning that there is little leakage even during floods.

■ Low organic content (components do not easily dissolve in water or flow away by osmosis).

■ Earth and sand particles have an appropriate angular density, an appropriate particle size distribution, and a large internal friction angle.

Embankments are built using these embankment materials based on calculations of levee mechanics, hydraulics, etc., but because there are many uncertainties, they may be destroyed due to overflow, erosion, or water leakage. Therefore, flood prevention construction methods such as piled bale construction, sheath board construction, gabion cage construction, water mat construction, back lining construction, and back sheet lining construction are conventionally used for water conveyance.

In addition, for water leakage, measures such as pot steps and water pine)
・Flood prevention methods such as type kettle steps, iron plate kettle steps, tsuki-no-wa-jyo, water-mat tsuki-no-transport, barrel-laying, and water-conducting-rather-stretching are used, and as countermeasures for behind the river, there are filling dohyo, roshiro-stretching,
Flood protection construction methods such as joint-and-wall upholstery, sheet upholstery, and tatami upholstery are used. However, since the destruction of embankments occurs in emergencies, it is not easy to carry out these flood protection construction methods manually. For example, Article 27 of the Flood Control Act stipulates the standards for the number of flood defense team members, but now that most of the flood defense team members are salaried workers, they are unfit for the heavy lifting during flood defense, and when floods last for a long time. Securing flood defense team members will become even more difficult.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the water mat construction method, which has been proposed as a flood prevention construction method that requires less manpower. In the figure, (1) is the embankment, (2) is the shoulder of the embankment, (4) is the crest, and (6) is the horizontally elongated vinylon canvas with trapezoidal cross section installed on the crest (4). Water pouch, (6a) is a water inlet provided at one end of the upper part of water pouch (6), (6b) is a drain port provided at one end of the lower side of water pouch (6), (8) is the adjacent water sac (6)
This is the connection part. During flooding, the water pouch has a width (Ll) of 0.38 to 1.5 m, a length L2) of 5 m, and a height [(
) is about 0.25 to 1 m, as the embankment surface shoulder (2)
The distance t=r'I(h+) from 0.5 to 1.0 m is installed. Next, water is injected from the injection port (6a) by a pump to form a water basin of the above dimensions, thereby preventing overflow from the water level (10) during a flood.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

The vinylon canvas bag is strong enough to seal a large amount of water into the water container (6) as described above.
It has a large volume and weight even when empty.

Moreover, the use of a pump was essential to injecting a large amount of water in a short period of time. However, rivers in Japan have small basins, rapids, and short flow paths, and the time it takes from the time of maximum rainfall in the water source area to the time when the water level reaches its maximum at downstream points ranges from several hours to more than 10 hours. The problem was that it was extremely short compared to the previous year, making it useless for overflowing in emergencies.

[Means for solving problems]

The simple waterproof base according to the present invention consists of a main body whose at least side surfaces are made of a water-permeable sheet-like material and whose entire body is formed three-dimensionally from the sheet-like material, and a superabsorbent resin material placed inside the main body. This is a simple waterproof base in which a water-absorbing resin material is turned into a water-absorbing gel and a three-dimensional structure is formed by the water retained inside the main body.

[Effect]

In the simple waterproof base according to the present invention, at least the side surfaces of the body formed three-dimensionally from a sheet-like material are made of a water-permeable sheet-like material, so that water easily enters from the outside. Also, inside the main body, there is a super absorbent resin material in a dry state, and the super water absorbent resin material has the ability to absorb and hold water hundreds to thousands of times its own weight. The main body has elasticity due to the super water-absorbent resin material that has become a water-absorbing gel.
It forms a three-dimensional structure that does not deform due to gravity, and serves as a base for waterproofing.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, (20) is a simple waterproof base (hereinafter referred to as main body A) having a trapezoidal cross section, and is made of a water-permeable sheet-like material such as woven fabric, woven fabric, and non-woven fabric.

The front (24a) and back (24b) of main body A (20)
), left side (22a), right side (22b), plane (26
) and the bottom surface (28) may be formed of the same water-permeable sheet material, but the surface (26) and the bottom surface (28)
may be formed of a water-impermeable glue-like material, or either one of the side surfaces (22a) and (22b) may be made water-permeable. (30a).

(30b) is an edge with multiple holes provided at the bottom of both sides (22a) and (22b), and stakes are driven into the holes to attach main body A (20) to the top (4) of embankment (1). Fixed to.

A super absorbent resin material is placed in a dry state in advance inside the main body A (20), and the main body A (20)
side (22a).

(22b) absorbs a large amount of water due to water permeation and becomes a gel, forming an embankment-like form as shown in FIG. And high water @
When the fat is dry, the main body A (20) becomes a sheet-like flat plate and is stored in a warehouse in that state.

Moreover, since the main body A (20) is installed on the top end (4) of the embankment (1) to prevent overflow, it is necessary to make the length according to the width of the overflow. Therefore, in order to correspond to the width of the overflow that can be expected in advance, the main body A (20) may be manufactured in several to several dozen types with different lengths, and the different lengths may be used as needed. However, since this is economically disadvantageous, connecting edges (25) as shown in Fig. 2 are provided on the edges of the front (24a) and back (24b) of the main body A (20) to connect!
Two or more bodies A (20) may be connected by passing a rope through the hole (25).

Figure 3 shows how the main body A (201 is connected to the connecting part (3)
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the connected state in step 2). Furthermore, main body A
(20) as shown in Fig. 3, the front (24a) and/or back (24b) of the main body A (20) serving as the connection surface should be provided with unevenness, or as shown in Fig. 2. A watertight state may be achieved by forming ridges and making them contact each other.

Fig. 4 shows the main body A (20) shown in Figs.
1' fixed, the river flood level (10) rises and the embankment (1
) is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the front shoulder (2) is crossed and the top edge (4) is higher than the top (4). In this case, since at least the side surface (22a) in contact with water is water permeable, water can flow through the main body A.
(20) Infiltrate the interior and turn the super absorbent resin into a water-absorbing gel to form the simple embankment shown in the figure.

Water-permeable cloth-like material (for example, 50 to 300 mesh made of natural fibers, artificial fibers, metal fibers, mineral fibers, etc.) forming the main body A (20), poisonous substances, pastes, woven cloth, etc. It may also be formed by heat-sealing a sheet of thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene.In that case, water is passed through the main body A (20),
The bag is provided with holes so small that they will no longer be exposed even if the superabsorbent resin placed in the main body A (20) absorbs water and becomes a water-absorbing gel. The most suitable material in terms of strength is a slit yarn woven from a stretched thermoplastic resin film or sheet such as polypropylene, which allows water to pass through well and exposes one finger of gelled water-insoluble resin. Never.

In addition, the super absorbent Vj4 fat filled in the main body A (20) refers to a material that absorbs a large amount of water at a repulsive rate and turns it into a gel, and includes a super absorbent resin and a molded mixture of a super absorbent resin and a fibrous material. etc. For example, superabsorbent resins include (hydrophilic and/or water-soluble monolayer) and/or (single-layer that becomes hydrophilic and/or water-soluble upon hydrolysis) (A) and multicylindrical (
B), a polymer of (A) and a crosslinking agent (C), or a polymer obtained by polymerizing (Al, (B), and (C) as essential components and hydrolyzing if necessary). Yes, two or more of these hydrophilic crosslinked polymers may be used in combination.
Examples of the polymers (A) and (B) include hydrolysates of starch-acrylonitrile graph I copolymers, cellulose-acrylic acid graft copolymers, and salts thereof. (A)
and (C) are polyacrylamide crosslinked with a divinyl compound (such as methylenebisacrylamide) and its partial hydrolyzate, crosslinked poval, and JP-A-52-1
Examples include saponified crosslinked vinyl ester-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymers, crosslinked polyethylene oxide, and the like, which are described in JP-A-4689 and JP-A-52-27455. or(
The polymer obtained by polymerizing A), (B), and (C) as essential components and hydrolyzing if necessary is
There are crosslinked starch-acrylamide graft copolymers, crosslinked starch-acrylic acid graft copolymers and salts thereof, etc. described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 46199, Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-46200, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-4462. .

The particle size of the polymer particles is usually 5 to 5000μ or less, preferably 20 to 500μ, and the polymer particles are usually 60μ
It has a water absorption capacity of mt'/g or more. The mixture molded product of a super absorbent resin and a fibrous material is a mixture of the above super absorbent resin and a fibrous material, or a pressure molded product of the above super absorbent resin and a fibrous material. Fibrous materials include natural fibers (physical fibers include cellulose, such as paper, cotton, straw, sawdust, grass charcoal, and pulp; animal fibers include silk, wool, etc.), and artificial fibers such as silk and wool. 1 (cellulose-based materials such as rayon, acetate, etc.), organic fibers such as synthetic fibers (polyamide, polyester, acrylic, etc.), asbestos,
Inorganic fibers such as perlite and one or more of these two or more
An example of this is the NoF system. Which of these is preferable?
Plant fibers or fibrous substances that become fibrous in water (
Hereinafter, organic fibrous materials are simply referred to as fibers), such as paper, crushed paper, cotton, pulp, grass charcoal, etc. Among these, pulverized paper is particularly preferred. It is also possible to use a form in which small pieces of unpulverized paper (for example, about 1 to 50 pieces) are included in the crushed paper, and other fibers can be used in combination with the crushed paper. The ratio of crushed paper to other fibers is usually 100:1.99, preferably 100:0 to 50.
:50.

The fibers can be in the form of powder, such as finely pulverized or ground fibers, and fibers, such as cut single fibers (usually with a thickness of 100 denier or less), or bundles of multiple fibers. , those treated with a suitable sizing agent and cut, other woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, sheets (for example, paper), etc., cut or loosened. The length of the fiber is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.01 to 50M, preferably 0.
．． 01-5III11.

In addition, the ratio of super absorbent resin to fibrous material is usually 5/9.
5 to 90/10 (weight ratio), more preferably 2
0780-80/20.

The resulting mixture of both is preferably 0.3 g/ci
Pressure mold it to the bulk specific gravity above. More preferably 0.
It is considered to be 7g/ct or more. As for the method of pressure molding,
Examples include a method in which the pellet is pressure-formed into a pellet shape in a mold at room temperature, and a method in which the pellet is pressure-formed into a sheet, rod, or block shape at room temperature, and then cut or crushed into an appropriate size. In addition, pressure molding requires heating (for example, 20 to 150°C).
), it may be carried out under humidification (60 to 100% humidity).

The pressure during pressure molding is such that the bulk specific gravity of the obtained pressure molded product is 0.
．． The pressure may be 3g/c& or more, usually 1 to 3.000kg/car, preferably 100 to 2.00kg/car.
OOOkg/e+! There is. Pressure forming can be carried out using, for example, a roll press machine, a hydraulic half-plate press machine, a screw press machine, or the like.

Examples of roll press machines include compacting machines with corrugated rolls, calender machines, and briquette machines.

The shape of the obtained press-molded product may be arbitrary, such as spherical, cylindrical, cubic, rectangular parallelepiped, conical, pyramidal, etc.
Various shapes can be mentioned, such as a rod shape, a sheet shape, and a roll shape. The size is such that the shortest diameter of the press-molded product is usually 10 cm or less, preferably 3c+n, lJ or less.

Due to its nature, superabsorbent resin has a strong affinity for water, and when it comes into contact with water rapidly, a water-absorbing gel is generated only on the surface, which prevents it from absorbing water on a large plate, and as a result, superabsorbent resin may not be able to effectively utilize the water absorption capacity of However, when superabsorbent resin is combined with a fibrous material, pressure-molded, and made into granules to absorb water, even if water comes into contact with them rapidly, the water moves into the granules due to the fibrous material, so water is absorbed only on the surface. Gel is not formed and subsequent water absorption is not hindered.
It efficiently absorbs water hundreds to thousands of times its own weight, which is the water absorption capacity of super absorbent resin.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the invention. In the figure, (20a) is a simple waterproof base main body (hereinafter referred to as main body B), which has the same outer shape as main body A (20) and is made of the same water-permeable cloth material. However, the interior is different from the main body A (20) in that partitions (40a) to (40i) are provided with water-permeable sheet-like materials, and each chamber constituted by the partitions (40A) to (401) is filled with highly water-absorbent TI! Fill with fat.

If you set up partitions (40 people) to (401) like this,
After the strength of main body B (20b) increases significantly and the superabsorbent resin inside turns into a waterproof gel and forms a dike (20a) as shown in Figure 4, even if overflow water collides with a large force, The embankment will not be deformed or destroyed.

In addition, the connection means and flood protection method of main body B (20a) are as follows:
The same means and methods as in the case of main body A (20) can be adopted.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention,
Simple waterproof base body (hereinafter referred to as body C) (20b
) is different from those shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 in that it is shaped like a rectangular parallelepiped.

FIG. 7 is also a perspective view showing another embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 7(A) is a plan view thereof.

In the figure, the simple waterproof base body (hereinafter referred to as the body) (20C) has the front, back (42a), and (42b)
), the plane and the bottom are also formed into trapezoids, and the main body D (20c)
By connecting them, a simple radial embankment can be formed, as shown in the plan view of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a pot step structure in which the main body (20c) is connected in a polygonal manner in a watertight manner. In the figure, (50
) is the water leakage spout in the flat area behind the embankment (1), (52
) is a gutter or half-split pipe that discharges leakage water during pot tier construction.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the pot step shown in FIG. 9. In the figure, (10a) is the water level of the river, (54) is the riverbed or embankment (1
) from the front slope to the leakage spout (50) on the flat ground at the back of the embankment (1), (56) is the leakage that rose up in the pot tier work, (56a) is the leakage (56) The water level is 1,000 yen, and any leakage water will be discharged through a gutter or a half-split pipe. Thus, according to Kamatanko, the river water level (10a) and the leakage water level (56
Since a) becomes the same, the water leakage can be stopped.

In conventional pot tier construction, sandbags are piled up in a hollow circular shape using the masonry method, so even if water leaks suddenly, sandbags cannot be created and piled up in a short time, making it inconvenient as a flood prevention method. There were many.

However, in the simple waterproof base according to the present invention, since the highly water-absorbent m cargo is in a dry state in a normal storage state, it can be stocked in a flood defense warehouse.

When water suddenly erupts, if a simple waterproof base with a dry superabsorbent resin material is installed, the superabsorbent resin material will rapidly absorb water and turn into a gel due to the leakage, forming a pot step. .

In addition, the pot steps are designed to improve the leakage water level (56a) and the river water level (10a).
) must be made the same to prevent water leakage, and it is difficult to know the leakage water level (56a) in advance. Moreover, since the river water level (10a) fluctuates greatly during a disaster, there may be cases where it is necessary to immediately raise the height of the pot steps according to the fluctuations, or if the river water level (10a) is high, the pot steps must be constructed from the beginning. It may also be necessary to increase the height of the In such a case, the simple waterproof airframe according to the present invention can be easily manufactured in a large size with low labor and in a short time.

Note that the pot step shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 has the main body (20C) shown in FIGS. It is also possible to form a kettle step.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of the case where the simple waterproof base according to the present invention is used for shedding work. In the figure, (60)
(62) is a lightweight steel plate (60) fixed to a steel support (not shown) driven into the top (4) of the embankment (1)
The water stop plate (64) is attached to the back side of the water stop plate, and the water stop plate (64) is a prevention sheet placed on the top (4). In addition, instead of the water stop plate (62), attach the L-shaped raised side of the prevention sheet 1- (64) to the back side of the lightweight steel plate (60), and install the water stop plate (62).
may be omitted.

Weir plate work is an effective construction method in cases where flood time is long and overflow continues for a long time. (64) It is necessary to load a large amount of clay soil and earth and sand on top. However, since it is difficult to obtain a large amount of clay soil in a short period of time for embankments (1) located close to urban areas, it is virtually impossible to implement this construction method. On the other hand, the simple waterproof base according to the present invention is placed on the back side of the water stop plate (62),
When water is added to turn the superabsorbent resin material into a water-absorbing gel, the same effect as loading clay soil or earth and sand is produced. Moreover, the main body (201, (20a), (20b), (2
If 0e) is increased, the simple water-absorbing gelatinized base for flood protection can easily have a larger volume and weight than clay soil or earth and sand, so that a strong weir can be formed.

In addition, in the above example, the formation of a simple type waterproofing base and its application to a floodproofing construction method were explained, but after the simple type waterproofing base is used in a floodproofing construction method, the superabsorbent resin is retained as a water-absorbing gel. Release the water and return to the original dry state,
Prepare for next use.

In that case, it is possible to release it by drying, but common salt (NaCJ), calcium chloride (CaCl
), magnesium chloride (MgC12), aluminum sulfate (^l z (SOa) s) - iron chloride (FeC1
When a separating agent such as 3) is introduced through a water-permeable sheet-like material, water can be easily separated from the water-absorbing gel and can be reused in a short time.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, in this invention, at least the side surfaces are water-permeable, a three-dimensional shape is formed using a sheet-like material, and a super absorbent resin material is placed inside the material. It can be stored in a light weight state and can prevent river overflows and water leaks in a short time and with minimal effort during disasters and emergencies, so it has many benefits such as modernizing flood prevention methods. .

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 to 3 are perspective views of one embodiment of this invention, FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of application to a flood prevention method, and FIGS. 5 to 7 are perspective views of other embodiments of this invention, respectively. FIG. 7 (inside) is a plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, FIGS. 8 and 9 are plan views of other embodiments of the present invention, and FIG. 10 is a plan view of the 'A embodiment shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of the application of one embodiment of the present invention and another embodiment to the flood prevention method, and FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the conventional water mat construction method. In the figure, (1) is the embankment, (4) is the top, and (10)
, (10a). (56al is the water level, (2Q), (20a), (
2Qb), (2Qc) are simple waterproof base body, (
30a), (30b) are i! , (32) are connection parts. Agent Patent Attorney Tadashi Sato Year Lgll Figure 2 Figure 3 Doctor 9゜Figure 4 Figure 4

Claims (1)

[Claims] It consists of a main body made of water-permeable sheet-like material at least on the side surfaces and three-dimensionally formed entirely of sheet-like material, and a super-absorbent resin material placed inside the main body, and the super-absorbent resin material is turned into a water-absorbing gel. A simple waterproof base that forms a three-dimensional shape using water held inside the main body.