JPS6310994B2 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JPS6310994B2 JPS6310994B2 JP53055406A JP5540678A JPS6310994B2 JP S6310994 B2 JPS6310994 B2 JP S6310994B2 JP 53055406 A JP53055406 A JP 53055406A JP 5540678 A JP5540678 A JP 5540678A JP S6310994 B2 JPS6310994 B2 JP S6310994B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- cotton
- digestion
- fermentation
- microorganisms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VZYZRRONCTWUII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(trichloromethyldisulfanyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CSSC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZYZRRONCTWUII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 241000605896 Fibrobacter succinogenes Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000606125 Bacteroides Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102000057297 Pepsin A Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000284 Pepsin A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940111202 pepsin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M thioglycolate(1-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000588986 Alcaligenes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000606126 Bacteroidaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186321 Cellulomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N L-cystine Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CSSC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001163668 Magusa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010019160 Pancreatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PLXBWHJQWKZRKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Resazurin Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)C=C2OC3=CC(O)=CC=C3[N+]([O-])=C21 PLXBWHJQWKZRKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000192029 Ruminococcus albus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000194017 Streptococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223261 Trichoderma viride Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000507 anthelmentic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002358 autolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004534 cecum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001461 cytolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000038280 herbivores Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940055695 pancreatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYFZYYUIAZYQLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloromethyl mercaptan Chemical compound ClSC(Cl)(Cl)Cl RYFZYYUIAZYQLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008104 plant cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- LMLRTJVTPAYATN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloromethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(Cl)(Cl)Cl LMLRTJVTPAYATN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/22—Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/38—Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factors; Stimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Biological Wastes In General (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Description
微生物の醗酵において化学添加剤の影響は広く
研究されてきた。例えば、ピー・ピー・ウイリア
ムス等（P.P.Williams et al）の「App.
Microbiology」、11、517（1963）には、殺昆虫剤
物質に対するルーメン内バクテリアとプロトゾア
の感応について記載されている。ジエー・ジエ
ー・オコナー等（J.J.O′Connor et al）の「J.
Animal Sci.」33、662（1971）には、ルーメン内
微生物による揮発性脂肪酸の生成に及ぼす化学的
添加剤のin vivo効果が記載されている。エル・
ダブリユー・バーナー等（L.W.Varner et al）
の「J.Animal Sci.」、33、1110（1971）には、去
勢牛（steer）によるルーメン内醗酵に及ぼすア
ンモニウム塩の影響が記載されている。テイー・
ダブリユー・ダウイ等（T.W.Dowe et al）の
「J.Animal Sci」、16、93（1957）には、去勢牛の
肥育効果に及ぼす殺菌剤（Ｎ−トリクロロメチル
チオ−デルタ−テトラヒドロフタルイミド）処理
コーンの影響が記載されている。
ホーリイ（Hawley）の米国特許第2553778号
明細書には、駆虫剤パークロロメチル酢酸エステ
ルについて図示している。エマーソン等
（Emerson et al）の米国特許第3442941号、
3595915号、3629313号、3718687号明細書には殺
虫剤ポリハロエチルアルカン酸について開示され
ている。これら文献に開示されている化合物は構
造的には本発明化合物と関連しているが、これら
化合物は微生物によるセルロース消化速度を促進
させるために有効でないことが分つた。
本発明のセルロース醗酵促進化合物は２−（ト
リクロロメチルジチオ）酢酸、Cl3C−S2−CH2−
COOHである。本発明で使うこの２−（トリクロ
ロメチルジチオ）酢酸は適当なメルカプト酢酸エ
ステルをパークロロメチルメルカプタンと反応さ
せて、２−（トリクロロメチルジチオ）酢酸エス
テルを得、ついでこのエステルを常法により対応
する酸に転換することにより製造することができ
る。
本発明方法における化合物の使用量は一部セル
ロース材料のタイプおよび使用する特別の微生物
による。一般に、化合物対セルロース物質の重量
比は約１：10〜１：1000000の範囲が有効である
が、約１：100〜１：10000の重量比が望ましい。
in vitroセルロース醗酵法では、化合物は一般
に醗酵プロセスに直接添加される。in vivoセル
ロース消化法では、化合物はセルロース系飼料と
一緒に動物に経口投与することができる。別法と
しては、セルロース系飼料は動物に与える前に、
有効量の化合物で予備処理することができる。
本発明方法は一般に微生物によりin vivo又は
in vitroセルロース醗酵に適用できる。微生物に
するin vitroセルロース醗酵の例は、汚水処理場
におけるセルロース廃棄物の好気的及び／又は嫌
気的分解である。すなわち、トリコデルマ・ビリ
デ（Trichoderma viride）のような微生物によ
りセルロースを糖に転換すること、バクテロイデ
ス（Bacteroidaceae）、セルロモナス
（Cellulomonas）およびアルカリギニス
（Alcaliginis）の如き微生物によりセルロースを
単細胞タン白に転換すること、およびリグニン−
セルロース系植物材料の生分解である。微生物に
よるin vivo醗酵の例は、ルーメン内微生物、動
物腸内のcecum微生物および草食動物の消化管内
のその他のセルロース分解菌によるセルロースの
消化である。
本発明は紙、都市廃棄物および工場廃棄物例え
ば木材、綿、麦わら、バガス、籾殼の如きあらゆ
るタイプのセルロース材料を使用するものであ
る。
本発明は特にルーメン内微生物によるセルロー
スの消化速度を増すこと、および汚水微生物によ
るセルロース系廃棄物の醗酵速度を増大するのに
役立つ。汚水処理場のスラツジに普通いる微生物
は嫌気性菌と好気性菌例えば大腸菌
（Escherichia coli）、ラクトバチルス・フアーメ
ンタンス（Lactobacillus fermentans）、アルカ
リゲネス・ビスコサス（Alcaligenes viscosus）、
シユードモナス・フルオレツセウス
（Pseudomonas fluoreseus）、アゾトバツカス・
クルーコツカム（Azotobachus chroococcum）、
サルモネラ（Salmonella）およびストレプトコ
ツカス（Streptococcus）である。
例 １
バクテロイデス・サクシノゲネス
（Bacteroides succinogenes）になる綿の消化
微生物、Bacteroides succinogenesをATCC
No.19169から得た。
栄養源：Bacto−液体チオグリコレート（29ｇ処
方物／lH2O）
Bacto−カシトン（カゼインのパンクレアチン消
化物） 15.0ｇ
Bacto−酵母エキス（自己分解酵母の水溶性区
分） 5.0ｇ
Bacto−デキストローズ 5.0ｇ
Nacl 2.5ｇ
１−シスチン、Difco 0.5ｇ
チオグリコール酸 0.3ml
Bacto−寒天 0.75ｇ
レザズリン 0.001ｇ
上記栄養ブロス中各種試験化合物の存在下
Bacteroides succinogenesによる綿消化割合は
次の方法により測定した。
綿（100ｇ）をスクリユーキヤツプ管に入れた。
試験化合物（１マイクログラム）と栄養源（20
ml）をこれに加え、管を完全に充たした。
ついで管を殺菌し、冷却し、微生物（１白金
耳）を接種した。キヤツプを密栓し、約40℃の水
浴中で培養した。
振盪培養し、最初の18時間は２時間毎にキヤツ
プをゆるめ、その後は６時間毎にし、醗酵により
生成したガスを放出させた。培養70時間後、ガス
の蓄積が止むことから、醗酵は殆んど静まつた。
各段階の培養後、予め秤量した紙に管をあけ
た。紙を数回洗い、コンスタントになるまで乾
燥した。未消化綿の重量はその差により測定し
た。
セルロース消化の結果は表１に示す。その結果
は48回の試験の平均である。標準偏差分析の結果
１％レベルで有意であつた。
The influence of chemical additives on microbial fermentation has been widely studied. For example, PPWilliams et al.'s “App.
Microbiology, 11 , 517 (1963) describes the sensitivity of ruminal bacteria and protozoa to insecticidal substances. JJO'Connor et al., "J.
Animal Sci. 33, 662 (1971) describes the in vivo effects of chemical additives on the production of volatile fatty acids by ruminal microorganisms. Elle
LW Varner et al.
J. Animal Sci., 33, 1110 (1971) describes the effect of ammonium salts on rumen fermentation by steers. Tee
TWDowe et al., J.Animal Sci, 16, 93 (1957), describes the effect of fungicide (N-trichloromethylthio-delta-tetrahydrophthalimide) treated corn on the fattening effect of steers. is listed. Hawley, US Pat. No. 2,553,778, illustrates the anthelmintic perchloromethyl acetate. U.S. Pat. No. 3,442,941 to Emerson et al.
No. 3595915, No. 3629313, and No. 3718687 disclose the insecticide polyhaloethyl alkanoic acid. Although the compounds disclosed in these documents are structurally related to the compounds of the present invention, it has been found that these compounds are not effective in accelerating the rate of cellulose digestion by microorganisms. The cellulose fermentation promoting compound of the present invention is 2-(trichloromethyldithio)acetic acid, Cl3C - S2 - CH2-
COOH. The 2-(trichloromethyldithio)acetic acid used in the present invention is obtained by reacting a suitable mercaptoacetate with perchloromethylmercaptan to obtain 2-(trichloromethyldithio)acetic acid ester, and then reacting this ester with the conventional method. It can be produced by converting it into an acid. The amount of compound used in the process of the invention depends in part on the type of cellulosic material and the particular microorganism used. Generally, weight ratios of compound to cellulosic material in the range of about 1:10 to 1:10,000,000 are useful, with weight ratios of about 1:100 to 1:10,000 being preferred. In in vitro cellulose fermentation methods, compounds are generally added directly to the fermentation process. For in vivo cellulose digestion, compounds can be administered orally to animals along with cellulosic feed. Alternatively, the cellulosic feed can be prepared by
It can be pretreated with an effective amount of the compound. The method of the present invention generally uses microorganisms in vivo or
Applicable to in vitro cellulose fermentation. An example of in vitro cellulose fermentation to microorganisms is the aerobic and/or anaerobic degradation of cellulose waste in sewage treatment plants. namely, the conversion of cellulose into sugars by microorganisms such as Trichoderma viride; the conversion of cellulose into unicellular proteins by microorganisms such as Bacteroidaceae, Cellulomonas and Alcaliginis; and lignin-
It is the biodegradation of cellulosic plant materials. An example of in vivo fermentation by microorganisms is the digestion of cellulose by ruminal microorganisms, cecum microorganisms in the animal intestine, and other cellulolytic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of herbivores. The present invention uses all types of cellulosic materials such as paper, municipal waste and industrial waste such as wood, cotton, wheat straw, bagasse, and rice hulls. The present invention is particularly useful for increasing the rate of digestion of cellulose by ruminal microorganisms and for increasing the rate of fermentation of cellulosic waste by sewage microorganisms. Microorganisms commonly found in sewage treatment plant sludge include anaerobic and aerobic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus fermentans, Alcaligenes viscosus,
Pseudomonas fluoreseus, Azotbatukas
Azotobachus chroococcum,
Salmonella and Streptococcus. Example 1 Digestion of cotton that becomes Bacteroides succinogenes The microorganism, Bacteroides succinogenes, was converted to ATCC
Obtained from No.19169. Nutrient Sources: Bacto - Liquid Thioglycollate (29g formulation/lH 2 O) Bacto - Cacitone (pancreatin digest of casein) 15.0g Bacto - Yeast Extract (water soluble fraction of autolytic yeast) 5.0g Bacto - Dextrose 5.0g Nacl 2.5g 1-cystine, Difco 0.5g Thioglycolic acid 0.3ml Bacto-agar 0.75g Resazurin 0.001g In the presence of various test compounds in the above nutritional broth
The rate of cotton digestion by Bacteroides succinogenes was measured by the following method. Cotton (100 g) was placed in a screw cap tube.
Test compound (1 microgram) and nutrient source (20
ml) was added to this to completely fill the tube. The tubes were then sterilized, cooled, and inoculated with microorganisms (1 platinum loop). The cap was sealed tightly and cultured in a water bath at approximately 40°C. The culture was performed with shaking, and the cap was loosened every 2 hours for the first 18 hours, and then every 6 hours thereafter, to release the gas produced by fermentation. After 70 hours of incubation, the fermentation had almost stopped as gas accumulation had stopped. After each stage of incubation, tubes were opened in pre-weighed paper. The paper was washed several times and dried until constant. The weight of undigested cotton was measured by the difference. The results of cellulose digestion are shown in Table 1. The results are the average of 48 trials. The results of standard deviation analysis were significant at the 1% level.
【表】
例 ２
Bacteroides succinogenesによる綿の消化
各種試験化合物の存在下Bacteroides
succinogenesによる綿消化の割合を例１の方法に
準じて測定した。試験化合物と結果は表２に示
す。[Table] Example 2 Digestion of cotton by Bacteroides succinogenes Bacteroides in the presence of various test compounds
The rate of cotton digestion by P. succinogenes was determined according to the method of Example 1. The test compounds and results are shown in Table 2.
【表】
テル
例 ３
Bacteroides succinogenesによる植物セルロ
ースの消化
マグサのリグニン−セルロース系物質を例１の
方法により、２−（トリクロロメチルジチオ）酢
酸10μｇ／mlの濃度で精製培地中Bacteroides
succinogenesにより消化させた。70時間の培養
後、綿の消化率％は54.3％であつた。未処理の対
照区では、綿消化率は41.1％であつた。
この例はセルロースの生分解により、リグニン
−セルロース系物質からセルロースのin vitro分
離を示すものである。
例 ４
Ruminococcus albusによる綿の消化
Ruminococcus albusをATCCから譲り受け
た。次の成分（蒸留水当り）を含有する
Pseudomonas培地に培養した。
ニトリロトリ酢酸 1.91ｇ
K2HPO4 8.71ｇ
Na2SO4 0.57ｇ
MgSO4 0.25ｇ
FeSO4 0.5mg
Ca（NO3）2 0.5mg
寒 天 １ｇ
約20mlの培地と0.1ｇの綿を各48個のスクリユ
ーカツプ管に入れ、殺菌した。ついで管に１白金
耳の細菌を接種した。管の半分に十分量の２−
（トリクロロメチルジチオ）酢酸を加え、10マイ
クログラム／mlの濃度にした。ついで管に銓を
し、40℃で70時間水浴中で培養した。培養期間の
終りに、未消化綿の重量を測定した。
処理区の管は29.8％の綿の消化を示した。対照
区の管は24回の平均で23.2％を示した。
例 ５
ルーメン内液のBacteroides succinogenesに
よる綿の消化
２−（トリクロロメチルジチオ）酢酸の存在下
殺菌ルーメン内液におけるBacteroides
succinogenesによる綿消化の割合は例１の方法に
より測定した。培養70時間後、綿消化率は46.6％
を示した。未処理対照区では、綿消化率は39.8％
であつた。
例 ６
ルーメン内液におけるSolka Floc（木材のセル
ロース）の消化
２段階消化法（TilleyとTerry、J.Brit.Glassl.
Sc.18：104−111、1963）の変法を使つて、
Solka Flocのin vitro消化性に及ぼす２−（トリ
クロロメチルジチオ）酢酸の影響を測定した。基
質（３つ組）は各０、40、60、80、100又は
150ppmの試験化合物で処理し、24時間緩衝化ル
ーメン内液と培養し、ついで24時間ペプシンによ
る消化を行なつた。in vitro消化性は緩衝化ルー
メン内液（ルーメンによる消化）による培養の終
りおよびペプシンによる消化（全体の消化）の終
りに測定した。
ルーメン内液は、維持量プラス増体レベルで乾
草アルフアルフア−コーングレイン無機質補給の
飼料で管理した動物から採つた。試験化合物は乾
燥物基準でSolka Flocに直接添加した。[Table] Example 3 Digestion of plant cellulose by Bacteroides succinogenes The lignin-cellulose material of Magusa was digested with Bacteroides in a purified medium according to the method of Example 1 at a concentration of 10 μg/ml of 2-(trichloromethyldithio)acetic acid.
succinogenes. After 70 hours of culture, the % digestibility of cotton was 54.3%. In the untreated control plot, the cotton digestibility was 41.1%. This example demonstrates the in vitro separation of cellulose from lignin-cellulosic materials by biodegradation of cellulose. Example 4 Digestion of cotton by Ruminococcus albus Ruminococcus albus was received from ATCC. Contains the following ingredients (per distilled water)
Cultured in Pseudomonas medium. Nitrilotriacetic acid 1.91g K 2 HPO 4 8.71g Na 2 SO 4 0.57g MgSO 4 0.25g FeSO 4 0.5mg Ca (NO 3 ) 2 0.5mg Agar 1g Approximately 20ml of culture medium and 0.1g of cotton were mixed into 48 pieces each. It was placed in a Eucup tube and sterilized. The tubes were then inoculated with one loopful of bacteria. Enough amount of 2- to fill half the tube
(Trichloromethyldithio)acetic acid was added to give a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml. The tubes were then capped and incubated in a water bath at 40°C for 70 hours. At the end of the culture period, the weight of undigested cotton was measured. The treated tube showed 29.8% cotton digestion. The control tube showed an average of 23.2% over 24 tests. Example 5 Digestion of cotton with Bacteroides succinogenes in the rumen fluid Bacteroides in the sterilized rumen fluid in the presence of 2-(trichloromethyldithio)acetic acid
The rate of cotton digestion by S. succinogenes was determined by the method of Example 1. After 70 hours of culture, cotton digestibility was 46.6%
showed that. In the untreated control plot, the cotton digestibility was 39.8%.
It was hot. Example 6 Digestion of Solka Floc (wood cellulose) in rumen fluid Two-step digestion method (Tilley and Terry, J.Brit.Glassl.
Sc.18:104-111, 1963)
The effect of 2-(trichloromethyldithio)acetic acid on the in vitro digestibility of Solka Floc was determined. Substrates (triplets) each have 0, 40, 60, 80, 100 or
They were treated with 150 ppm test compound, incubated with buffered lumen fluid for 24 hours, and then digested with pepsin for 24 hours. In vitro digestibility was determined at the end of incubation with buffered lumen fluid (lumen digestion) and at the end of pepsin digestion (total digestion). Rumen fluid was obtained from animals maintained on a hay-alpha-corn grain mineral supplemented diet at maintenance plus gain levels. Test compounds were added directly to Solka Floc on a dry matter basis.
【表】【table】
【表】
例 ７
下水菌による綿の消化
Bacto−液トリグリコレート栄養ブロス中２−
（トリクロロメチルジチオ）酢酸の存在下嫌気性
下水菌による綿の消化率は次の方法により測定し
た。
液体チオグリコート混合物（例１のものと同じ
組成）を、市販の下水処理プラントのスラツジ消
化タンクから取つた生汚物（30％と蒸留水（70
％）の混合物から得た上澄液で再構成して、栄養
グロスを調製した。10マイクログラムの試験化合
物および100mgの綿を含有する栄養ブロス溶液20
mlをスクリユーキヤツプ管に入れた（24回繰り返
えす）。下水処理プラントから生の汚水スラツジ
0.5mlをガラスビンに加えて、汚水菌をその管に
接種した。
管を密栓し、振盪機におき、35℃の水浴中に維
持した。キヤツプは培養の初め６時間は２時間毎
に、その後は約２時間間隔でゆるめ、醗酵による
蓄積ガスを放出させた。
培養48時間後、予め秤量した紙に管をあけ
た。紙を数回洗い、コンスタントになるまで乾
燥した。未消化綿の重量は差により測定した。
実験（24回繰り返えす）は、汚水処理場から２
週間毎に採つた汚水菌の６種類の試料を使つて行
なつた。６回の実験の結果は表に示す。醗酵速
度は試験化合物の存在下平均60％まで増大した。[Table] Example 7 Digestion of cotton by sewage bacteria Bacto-2 in liquid triglycolate nutrient broth
The digestibility of cotton by anaerobic sewage bacteria in the presence of (trichloromethyldithio)acetic acid was measured by the following method. A liquid thioglycote mixture (same composition as in Example 1) was prepared by mixing raw sewage (30%) and distilled water (70%) taken from a sludge digestion tank of a commercial sewage treatment plant.
A nutrient gloss was prepared by reconstitution with the supernatant obtained from the mixture of %). Nutrient broth solution containing 10 micrograms of test compound and 100 mg of cotton 20
ml into a screw cap tube (repeat 24 times). Raw sewage sludge from sewage treatment plant
0.5 ml was added to a glass bottle to inoculate the tube with sewage bacteria. The tube was capped, placed on a shaker, and kept in a 35°C water bath. The caps were loosened every 2 hours for the first 6 hours of incubation and approximately every 2 hours thereafter to allow the release of accumulated gases from fermentation. After 48 hours of culture, tubes were opened in pre-weighed paper. The paper was washed several times and dried until constant. The weight of undigested cotton was determined by difference. The experiment (repeated 24 times) was conducted with two
The study was conducted using six types of samples of sewage bacteria taken weekly. The results of six experiments are shown in the table. Fermentation rates increased by an average of 60% in the presence of test compounds.
Claims (1)
することを特徴とする、セルロース消化性微生物
によるセルロース醗酵促進剤。 ２ 醗酵はin vitroで行われる、特許請求の範囲
第１項記載の促進剤。 ３ セルロースはセルロース系廃棄物またはセル
ロース動物飼料である、特許請求の範囲第１項記
載の促進剤。 ４ 微生物は下水バクテリアまたはルーメンバク
テリアである、特許請求の範囲第１項記載の促進
剤。[Scope of Claims] 1. A cellulose fermentation promoter by cellulose-digesting microorganisms, characterized by containing 2-(trichloromethyldithio)acetic acid. 2. The accelerator according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation is carried out in vitro. 3. The promoter according to claim 1, wherein the cellulose is cellulosic waste or cellulosic animal feed. 4. The promoter according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism is a sewage bacterium or a rumen bacterium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/795,680 US4110475A (en) | 1977-05-11 | 1977-05-11 | Cellulose fermentation process |
| US05/892,058 US4219673A (en) | 1978-03-31 | 1978-03-31 | 2-(Trichloromethyldithio)acetic acid and related compounds |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS53145981A JPS53145981A (en) | 1978-12-19 |
| JPS6310994B2 true JPS6310994B2 (en) | 1988-03-10 |
Family
ID=27121641
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5540678A Granted JPS53145981A (en) | 1977-05-11 | 1978-05-10 | Accerelation of celluose fermentation |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS53145981A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1123654A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2820267A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2405243A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1588685A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7804912A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0106043A3 (en) * | 1982-08-14 | 1984-11-28 | Mamoru Uchimizu | Process and aeration tank system for biologically treating sewage |
| FI3473710T3 (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2023-10-31 | Nissan Chemical Corp | Saccharification reaction solution, saccharifying enzyme composition, sugar production method, and ethanol production method |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2553778A (en) * | 1949-12-01 | 1951-05-22 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Parasiticidal compositions containing reaction products of mercapto acetic acid esters and perchloromethylmercaptan |
| US3595915A (en) * | 1970-04-07 | 1971-07-27 | Chemagro Corp | Polychloroethylthio and polychlorovinylthio carboxylic acid amides |
| US4058609A (en) * | 1976-06-28 | 1977-11-15 | Smithkline Corporation | 7-Dithioacetamido cephalosporins |
-
1978
- 1978-05-04 GB GB17845/78A patent/GB1588685A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-08 NL NL7804912A patent/NL7804912A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-05-10 DE DE19782820267 patent/DE2820267A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-05-10 JP JP5540678A patent/JPS53145981A/en active Granted
- 1978-05-10 FR FR7813920A patent/FR2405243A1/en active Granted
- 1978-05-10 CA CA303,038A patent/CA1123654A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1588685A (en) | 1981-04-29 |
| FR2405243B1 (en) | 1984-05-18 |
| DE2820267A1 (en) | 1978-11-23 |
| FR2405243A1 (en) | 1979-05-04 |
| CA1123654A (en) | 1982-05-18 |
| JPS53145981A (en) | 1978-12-19 |
| NL7804912A (en) | 1978-11-14 |
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