JPS6279894A - Method for discriminating timing for backwashing of sewage cleaning-up device - Google Patents
Method for discriminating timing for backwashing of sewage cleaning-up deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6279894A JPS6279894A JP60220456A JP22045685A JPS6279894A JP S6279894 A JPS6279894 A JP S6279894A JP 60220456 A JP60220456 A JP 60220456A JP 22045685 A JP22045685 A JP 22045685A JP S6279894 A JPS6279894 A JP S6279894A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- suspended solids
- backwashing
- contact filter
- filter medium
- sewage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
(発明の属する技術分野〕
本発明は、槽内の接触濾材に着床する微生物の働きによ
って循環流動する汚水中の有機物質を酸化・分解した後
、残有浮遊物質の沈着・積層によって接触濾材の浄化処
理能力が低下しないように逆′/fc運転を行う、その
逆洗時期判別方法に関する。Detailed Description of the Invention (Technical Field to which the Invention Pertains) The present invention is directed to the treatment of residual suspended solids after organic substances in circulating wastewater are oxidized and decomposed by the action of microorganisms that settle on a contact filter medium in a tank. The present invention relates to a method for determining backwash timing, which performs reverse '/fc operation so as not to reduce the purification capacity of the contact filter medium due to deposition and stacking.
従来、汚水を浄化するに当たっては、汚水中に含まれて
いる微生物の働きを活用して汚水を浄化処理する固定床
法が良く知られている。この固定床法による汚水浄化処
理装置は、槽内にプラスチック類の波板、網、筒等で構
成された接触濾材を設置しておき、当該接触濾材に着床
する微生物の働きによって循環流動する汚水中の有機物
質を酸化・分解するものであって、維持管理が容易であ
る点、余剰汚泥の発生量が少ない点、負荷変動に強い点
等から下水処理や生活雑排水の浄化処理に好適であり、
好まれて多く採用されている。Conventionally, in purifying wastewater, a fixed bed method is well known in which wastewater is purified by utilizing the action of microorganisms contained in the wastewater. This fixed-bed method sewage purification equipment has a contact filter made of corrugated plastic plates, nets, tubes, etc. installed in the tank, and circulates and flows through the action of microorganisms that settle on the contact filter. It oxidizes and decomposes organic substances in sewage, and is suitable for sewage treatment and purification of domestic wastewater because it is easy to maintain, generates little surplus sludge, and is resistant to load fluctuations. and
It is liked and widely used.
ところで、この種の汚水処理法には、大別して好気性固
定床法と嫌気性固定床法とがあり、前者は槽内に強制的
に空気を散気し、この散気のエアリフト作用によって汚
水を循環流動させ、上述のように有機物質を取り除き、
汚水を浄化するものである。また、後者は槽内に空気を
散気せずして汚水中の有機物質を嫌気消化するものであ
る。By the way, this type of sewage treatment method can be roughly divided into the aerobic fixed bed method and the anaerobic fixed bed method. is circulated, organic substances are removed as described above,
It purifies sewage. In addition, the latter method anaerobically digests organic substances in wastewater without diffusing air into the tank.
上記好気性固定床法について、さらに付言するならば、
汚水中の有機物質を主として取り除く場合や汚水中の浮
遊物質を主として取り除く場合等があり、これらの方法
は必要に応じて使い分けられているが、いずれにしても
浮遊物質を十分に取り除くことができず、このため浮遊
物質が接触濾材に接触・積層し、いわゆる目詰まりによ
る浄化処理能力を低下させることがある。Regarding the aerobic fixed bed method mentioned above, I would like to add:
There are methods to mainly remove organic substances in wastewater and methods to mainly remove suspended solids in wastewater, and these methods are used depending on the need, but in either case, suspended solids cannot be removed sufficiently. As a result, floating substances may come into contact with and stack on the contact filter medium, resulting in so-called clogging, which may reduce the purification performance.
従来、汚水中の浮遊物質を取り除く手段として例えば第
5図に示されるような汚水浄化装置が提唱されている。Conventionally, a sewage purification apparatus as shown in FIG. 5, for example, has been proposed as a means for removing suspended solids from sewage.
ここで、図中、符号(1)は浄化処理槽を示し、浄化処
理槽(1)の−側には汚水の流入口(4)が、また他側
には浄化水の流出口(5)がそれぞれ設けられている。Here, in the figure, the symbol (1) indicates a septic tank, and the - side of the septic tank (1) has a wastewater inlet (4), and the other side has a purified water outlet (5). are provided for each.
また、浄化処理槽(1)内には汚水中に含まれる微生物
を着床・増殖し、さらには浮遊物質の一部をも捕捉する
接触濾材(2)が設置されており、この接触濾材(2)
の軸心に沿って散気管(3)が延設されている。In addition, a contact filter medium (2) is installed in the septic tank (1), which allows microorganisms contained in the wastewater to settle and multiply, and also captures some of the suspended solids. 2)
A diffuser pipe (3) extends along the axis.
上記散気管(3)は、槽内の汚水を矢印のように循環流
動させるものであって、循環流動させるには空気泡によ
るエアリフト作用が活用されている。この散気管(3)
は、散気送給弁(9)を介してプロア(11)に接続さ
れており、他方、プロア(11)から散気送給弁(9)
に至る途中には、逆洗用散気送給弁(lO)を経て逆洗
用散気管(8)に連通ずる分岐導管(6)が設けられて
いる。The air diffuser pipe (3) circulates and flows the wastewater in the tank in the direction of the arrow, and utilizes the air lift effect of air bubbles to circulate and flow the wastewater. This diffuser pipe (3)
is connected to the proa (11) via the aeration supply valve (9), and on the other hand, the proa (11) is connected to the aeration supply valve (9).
A branch conduit (6) is provided on the way to the backwash aeration pipe (8) via a backwash aeration supply valve (1O).
しかして、汚水中の浮遊物質を主として取り除くに当た
っては(有機物質は別の浄化装置によって大部分取り除
かれている)、散気管(3)からの散気によって汚水を
循環流動させておき、その汚水が接触濾材(2)を通過
する際、ここで浮遊物質を捕捉し、捕捉後の浄化水は流
出口(5)を経て送り出される。Therefore, when mainly removing suspended solids from wastewater (organic substances are mostly removed by a separate purification device), the wastewater is circulated and flowed by aeration from the aeration pipe (3). As it passes through the contact filter medium (2), it traps suspended solids, and the purified water is sent out through the outlet (5).
このような浄化処理は、数週間連続して行うのが通常で
あるが、この場合、接触濾材(2)に浮遊物質が沈着・
積層され、このまま放置しておくと、ついには接触濾材
(2)に目詰まりが生起し、浄化処理能力を低下させる
一因になっている。このため、逆洗用散気送給弁(10
)を開口し、プロア(11)から分岐導管(6)を経て
逆洗用散気管(8)に空気を送り込み、接触濾材(2)
に沈着・I層する浮遊物質を取り除くいわゆる逆洗運転
が行われており、逆洗運転によって接触濾材(2)がら
取り除かれた浮遊物質は浄化処理槽(1)の座部に沈降
し、しかる後、排泥弁(12)から外部に排出されるよ
うになっている。Such purification treatment is normally carried out continuously for several weeks, but in this case, suspended solids may be deposited on the contact filter medium (2).
If they are stacked and left as they are, the contact filter medium (2) will eventually become clogged, which is one reason for reducing the purification capacity. For this reason, a diffuser supply valve for backwashing (10
) is opened, air is sent from the proa (11) through the branch conduit (6) to the backwashing diffuser pipe (8), and the contact filter medium (2) is
A so-called backwashing operation is carried out to remove suspended solids that have settled in the septic tank (1) and become the I-layer. Afterwards, the mud is discharged to the outside from a drainage valve (12).
ところで、この種装置の逆洗運転を行う場合、そのタイ
ミングを適格に把握しておかないと、浄化処理後の水質
の清浄度合に悪影響を与えることがある。すなわち、接
触濾材には、浮遊物質の捕捉能力がまだ十分に有してい
るにもがかわらず、逆洗時期を早めたために、せっかく
接触濾材に沈着・積層する浮遊物質までもが浄化水に混
入し、かえって水質の清浄度合を悪くすることがある。By the way, when performing a backwash operation of this type of device, if the timing is not properly grasped, the cleanliness level of the water after purification treatment may be adversely affected. In other words, although the contact filter medium still has sufficient ability to capture suspended solids, because the backwashing period was brought forward, even the suspended solids that had been deposited and layered on the contact filter medium were not absorbed into the purified water. Contaminants may enter the water and worsen the cleanliness of the water.
また、この種装置が浮遊物質の除去を主目的としている
と言えども、汚水中にはいまだ微生物が多分に含まれて
おり、微生物が接触濾材に着床・増殖して汚水中の有機
物質を酸化・分解するよう汚水浄化に寄与していること
を考え合わせれば、逆洗時期を早めることは、接触濾材
からいまだ十分に生育していない微生物を剥離すること
になり、かえって水質の清浄度合に悪影響を与え好まし
くない。特に、接触濾材に硝化菌が着床・生育している
場合には、その菌がアンモニア性窒素を硝酸性窒素に硝
化する機能が極めて優れているにもかかわらず、その菌
の生育が非常に遅いこともあって、−皮剥離された微生
物を再生するに長期間を要することになる。In addition, although this type of equipment is primarily intended to remove suspended solids, sewage still contains a large amount of microorganisms, and microorganisms can colonize and multiply on the contact filter media, removing organic substances from the sewage. Considering that oxidation and decomposition contribute to wastewater purification, advancing the backwashing period will strip microorganisms that have not yet grown sufficiently from the contact filter media, and will actually reduce the cleanliness of the water. It has a negative impact and is undesirable. In particular, when nitrifying bacteria settles and grows on the contact filter media, the growth of the bacteria is extremely slow, even though the bacteria have an extremely excellent ability to nitrify ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. It is also slow - requiring a long period of time to regenerate exfoliated microorganisms.
一方、その反面、逆洗時期を失すると、接触濾材は浮遊
物質の過度な沈着・積層によって目詰まりを生起し、汚
水の浄化処理能力を一段と低下させている。On the other hand, if the backwashing period is missed, the contact filter medium becomes clogged due to excessive deposition and stacking of suspended solids, further reducing the wastewater purification ability.
このように、逆洗時期のタイミングを適格に把握する手
段がないと、上述汚水の浄化処理能力に多大な悪影響を
与えることから、従来、逆洗時期の好タイミングが種々
検討されており、その判別方法として、接触濾材の目詰
まりを目視確認する方法やタイマーを用いて時間設定を
しておき周期的に自動逆洗を行う方法等がある。In this way, if there is no means to properly grasp the timing of backwashing, it will have a great negative impact on the above-mentioned sewage purification processing ability, so various studies have been conducted to find the best timing for backwashing. Methods for determining this include visually checking for clogging of the contact filter medium, and using a timer to set a time and periodically perform automatic backwashing.
しかしながら、これらの方法は運転作業者の労力を必要
とするから、省力化の点で好ましくなく、また、汚水中
の浮遊物質濃度が季節・天候・時間等によって変化し、
常に一定の水質清浄度合を得る保障が出来ない欠点を存
している。また、最近になって、槽内の浮遊物質濃度を
センサーで検出し、検出値が一定値を越えた場合、接触
濾材に目詰まりがあると判断し、自動逆洗を行う方法が
提案されている(特公昭58−54875号公輻参照)
。しかしながら、この方法は汚水中の浮遊物質濃度が比
較的安定している場合に好成果を得るものの、浮遊物質
1度の増減か急激に変化したり、あるいは浮遊物1tf
fa度自体はあまり変化していないにもかかわらず、汚
水量が増加したため、見掛は上、浮遊物質濃度があたか
も高くなったかのごと(検出され、往々にして誤った逆
洗指令を出す難点を有する。However, these methods are unfavorable from a labor-saving point of view because they require labor from operators, and the concentration of suspended solids in wastewater changes depending on the season, weather, time, etc.
It has the disadvantage that it cannot always guarantee a constant level of water cleanliness. Recently, a method has been proposed in which the concentration of suspended solids in the tank is detected by a sensor, and if the detected value exceeds a certain value, it is determined that the contact filter media is clogged and automatic backwashing is performed. (Refer to Special Publication No. 58-54875)
. However, although this method achieves good results when the concentration of suspended solids in wastewater is relatively stable, if the suspended solids increase or decrease by 1 degree or change rapidly, or if the suspended solids increase or decrease by 1 tf,
Despite the fact that the fa level itself has not changed much, the amount of wastewater has increased, so it appears that the suspended solids concentration has increased (detected, which often leads to incorrect backwashing orders being issued). have
そこで本発明は、上記の事情に徴し、逆洗時期を自動的
に適格に把握することができるようにする汚水浄化装置
の逆洗時期判別方法を提供することを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the backwashing time of a sewage purification device, which allows the backwashing time to be automatically and appropriately determined.
本発明は、上記目的を達成するために、槽内の浮遊物質
濃度と槽内に流入する汚水量とにより接触濾材が捕捉す
る浮遊物質重量を算出し、この算出算が予め設定された
値よりも高いか、もしくは上記浮遊物質重量の算出値か
ら捕捉率を求め、この値が予め設定された浮遊物質捕捉
率よりも低いかのいずれかの時に逆洗指令を出すことを
特徴としている。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention calculates the weight of suspended solids captured by the contact filter medium based on the suspended solid concentration in the tank and the amount of wastewater flowing into the tank, and this calculation is based on a preset value. The present invention is characterized in that a backwashing command is issued when either the weight of suspended solids is higher than the suspended solids weight, or the capture rate is determined from the calculated value of the suspended solids weight, and this value is lower than a preset suspended solids trapping rate.
汚水浄化装置の逆洗時期を判断する場合、ひとえに接触
濾材に沈着・積層する浮遊物質の重量いかんにかかって
くる。そこで、本発明は接触濾材に沈着・積層する浮遊
物質の重量を自動的に検出するものである。すなわち、
まず、汚水に含まれる浮遊物質の濃度を検出し、この検
出信号を制御装置に印加する一方、浄化処理槽内に流入
する汚水量の検出信号をも制御装置に印加する。ここで
、浮遊物質濃度信号と汚水量信号との積が演算され、接
触濾材に沈着・積層する実浮遊物質重量を算出する。次
いで、実浮遊物質重量が予め設定された浮遊物質重量と
比較され、実浮遊物質重量の方が高い場合に発信器を通
じて逆洗指令を汚水浄化槽に送り出す。When determining when to backwash a sewage purification system, it depends entirely on the weight of suspended solids that are deposited and layered on the contact filter media. Therefore, the present invention automatically detects the weight of suspended solids deposited and stacked on the contact filter medium. That is,
First, the concentration of suspended solids contained in wastewater is detected and this detection signal is applied to the control device, while a detection signal of the amount of wastewater flowing into the purification tank is also applied to the control device. Here, the product of the suspended solids concentration signal and the sewage amount signal is calculated, and the actual weight of suspended solids deposited and stacked on the contact filter medium is calculated. Next, the actual weight of suspended solids is compared with a preset weight of suspended solids, and if the actual weight of suspended solids is higher, a backwash command is sent to the sewage septic tank through a transmitter.
もっとも、上述の機能だけでは逆洗時期を適格に判断で
きない場合、時々刻々と変化する実浮遊物質重量を基に
、浮遊物質捕捉率を微分器を通して算出され、この算出
値と予め設定された浮遊物質捕捉率とが比較され、算出
値の方が低い場合に発信器を通じて逆洗指令を7η水浄
化槽に送り出す。However, if the time for backwashing cannot be properly determined using only the above functions, the suspended solids capture rate is calculated using a differentiator based on the actual suspended solid weight, which changes from moment to moment, and this calculated value is combined with a preset suspended solids weight. The substance capture rate is compared, and if the calculated value is lower, a backwash command is sent to the 7η water septic tank through the transmitter.
以下、本発明の一実施例を図面を参照して説明するが、
その説明に先立ち本発明を創出するに至った着眼点につ
いて詳述する。An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
Prior to the explanation, the points of view that led to the creation of the present invention will be explained in detail.
従来、この種の研究によれば、接触濾材に沈着・積層す
る浮遊物質は、接触濾材の形状・構造の相違からくる種
類や散気する場合に汚水が接触濾材に与える衝撃・散気
回数等にもよるが、その浄化処理能力を考えると、およ
そ5〜10に+r/mの重量をもって限界であると知見
されている。Previously, this type of research has shown that the types of suspended solids deposited and stacked on contact filter media are due to differences in the shape and structure of the contact filter media, the impact that sewage has on the contact filter media during aeration, the number of aerations, etc. Considering the purification capacity, it is known that the weight of approximately 5 to 10 +r/m is the limit, although it depends on the amount of water.
一方、接触濾材に沈着・積層する浮遊物質重量TSSは
、次の理論式から求めることができる。On the other hand, the weight TSS of suspended solids deposited and laminated on the contact filter medium can be determined from the following theoretical formula.
ここで、Qは浄化処理槽に流入する汚水量、SS、は第
1の浄化処理槽に残有する浮遊物質濃度、S S zは
第2の浄化処理槽に残有する浮遊物Mt。Here, Q is the amount of sewage flowing into the septic tank, SS is the concentration of suspended solids remaining in the first septic tank, and S S z is the suspended solids Mt remaining in the second septic tank.
度、tは処理時間を示す。time and t indicate processing time.
上記(1)式から求めた浮遊物質重量TSSをグラフ化
すると第2図の実線で示すような理論浮遊物質捕捉特性
が得られる。この図からも容易に理解されるように、起
動時、加速度的に浮遊物質重量Tssが増加するものの
、やがては接触濾材の目詰まりが進行し、ついには一定
値に収束する。When the suspended solid weight TSS determined from the above equation (1) is graphed, the theoretical suspended solid trapping characteristics as shown by the solid line in FIG. 2 are obtained. As can be easily understood from this figure, at the time of startup, the suspended solid weight Tss increases at an accelerating rate, but eventually the contact filter medium becomes clogged and eventually converges to a constant value.
なお、接触濾材の浮遊物質捕捉能力にかげりが始まるの
は起動時からおよそ1ケ月であることが確認されている
。It has been confirmed that the ability of the contact filter medium to capture suspended solids begins to deteriorate approximately one month after startup.
これらの技術データを総合的に勘案し、接触濾材に沈着
・積層する浮遊物質重量Tssは、その上限値TSSm
ax (=5〜lokg/m)の60〜70%の範囲
に入ったとき、汚水浄化槽に逆洗指令を送れば好ましい
成果を得ることができた。Considering these technical data comprehensively, the weight of suspended solids Tss deposited and laminated on the contact filter medium is determined by its upper limit TSSm.
Favorable results could be obtained by sending a backwashing command to the sewage purification tank when it was within the range of 60-70% of ax (=5-lokg/m).
次に、本発明者は、第2図の実線で示される理論浮遊物
質捕捉特性pを子細に検討してみると、起動時の接触濾
材の浮遊物質捕捉率(第2図では、浄化処理時間に対す
る捕捉された浮遊物質重量TSSとの勾配αが示されて
いるが、このαは説明の便宜上、浮遊物質捕捉率と定義
する。)が、浮遊物質重量上限値TSSllIaxに至
る前の理論浮遊物質捕捉特性rから求めた浮遊物質捕捉
率とはおのずと異なり、この相違は接触濾材の浄化処理
能力と一定の因果関係を有していることに気付いた。Next, the inventor examined in detail the theoretical suspended solids trapping characteristic p shown by the solid line in FIG. 2, and found that the suspended solids trapping rate of the contact filter medium at startup (in FIG. (For convenience of explanation, this α is defined as the suspended solids capture rate.) is the theoretical suspended solids weight before reaching the suspended solids weight upper limit value TSSllIax. It was noticed that this difference naturally differs from the suspended solids capture rate determined from the capture characteristic r, and that this difference has a certain causal relationship with the purification processing ability of the contact filter medium.
すなわち、起動時の捕捉率の方が浮遊物質重量上限値に
至る前の捕捉率よりも高いのは、接触濾材に浮遊物質に
よる目詰まり現象があまり現れていないことを意味する
と考えられるからである。In other words, the reason why the capture rate at startup is higher than the capture rate before reaching the upper limit of the weight of suspended solids is thought to mean that the phenomenon of clogging caused by suspended solids does not occur much in the contact filter medium. .
そこで、本発明者は第2図に示す実線から理論浮遊物質
捕捉率αを次式で求めた。Therefore, the inventor calculated the theoretical suspended solids capture rate α from the solid line shown in FIG. 2 using the following formula.
t
ここで、TSS (t)は捕捉された浮遊物質重量であ
り、浄化処理時間の関数として表され、またLは浄化処
理時間を示す。t where TSS (t) is the weight of suspended solids captured, expressed as a function of the purification treatment time, and L indicates the purification treatment time.
上記(2)式から求める理論浮遊物質捕捉率αの上限値
αmax 、つまり接触濾材の浄化処理能力上限限界値
は、予め実験・研究によって求めておき、この上限値α
maxの40〜50%以下の範囲に実浮遊物質捕捉率α
bが入った時、この値をもって逆洗指令信号αbとすれ
ば逆洗時期の好ましいタイミンイグを知ることができる
。The upper limit value αmax of the theoretical suspended solids capture rate α obtained from the above equation (2), that is, the upper limit value of the purification processing capacity of the contact filter medium, is determined in advance through experiments and research, and this upper limit value α
Actual suspended solids capture rate α within the range of 40 to 50% of max.
When b is input, by using this value as the backwash command signal αb, it is possible to know the preferred timing for backwashing.
もっとも、理論浮遊物質捕捉率αと実浮遊物質捕捉率α
bとは、第2図の破線や鎖線で示される実浮遊物質捕捉
特性m、nからもわかるように、必ずしも一致していな
い。この相違を検討してみるに、特性mのうちレンジL
があられれるのは、流入する汚水量が多い割合には浮遊
物質濃度が少なく、このため接触濾材に捕捉される浮遊
物質重ITTsがあまり増加していないと考えられる。However, the theoretical suspended solids capture rate α and the actual suspended solids capture rate α
As can be seen from the actual suspended solids trapping characteristics m and n shown by broken lines and chain lines in FIG. 2, b does not necessarily match. Examining this difference, we find that the range L of the characteristic m
The reason for this is that the concentration of suspended solids is low when the amount of inflowing sewage is large, so it is thought that the suspended solids ITTs captured by the contact filter medium do not increase much.
また、特性nが特性iよりも高いのは、汚水量に比べて
含有する浮遊物質濃度が極めて高いと考えられる。Furthermore, the reason why the characteristic n is higher than the characteristic i is considered to be that the concentration of suspended solids contained in the wastewater is extremely high compared to the amount of wastewater.
そこで、第2図に下限規準的浮遊物質重量TSSnと上
限基準白浮遊物質重量TSShとを設け、浮遊物質重量
TSS<下限規準的浮遊物質重量TSSβの条件の下に
実浮遊物質捕捉率αb≦理論浮遊物質捕捉率αの場合(
特性mの場合)、接触濾材には浮遊物質捕捉能力が十分
にあるとみなして逆洗指令は出さない。浮遊物質重量T
SS≧下限規準内浮遊物質重量TSSfとなった時点で
逆先指令を出せばよい。Therefore, in Fig. 2, we set the lower limit standard suspended solids weight TSSn and the upper limit standard white suspended solids weight TSSh, and under the condition that suspended solids weight TSS<lower limit standard suspended solids weight TSSβ, the actual suspended solids capture rate αb≦theoretical In the case of suspended solids capture rate α (
In the case of characteristic m), it is assumed that the contact filter medium has sufficient ability to capture suspended solids, and no backwashing command is issued. Suspended solid weight T
It is sufficient to issue a reverse command when SS≧lower limit standard suspended solid weight TSSf.
一方、特性nのように、実浮遊物質捕捉率αb〉理論浮
遊物質捕捉率αでありながら、浮遊物質重量TSS≧上
限規準内浮遊物質重量TSShとなる場合は、もはや接
触濾材の浮遊物質の捕捉能力は失われているわけである
から、逆洗指令を出す、なお、下限規準的浮遊物質重量
TSS1の値は、上述TSSmaxの50%程度であり
、また上限規準内浮遊物質重量TSShの値は、上述T
SSmaxの80%程度である。これらは経験的に求め
た好ましい適用数値である。On the other hand, as in characteristic n, if the actual suspended solids capture rate αb>theoretical suspended solids capture rate α, but the suspended solids weight TSS≧the suspended solids weight within the upper limit standard TSSh, the contact filter medium no longer captures suspended solids. Since the capacity has been lost, a backwashing command is issued.The value of the lower limit standard suspended solids weight TSS1 is about 50% of the above TSSmax, and the value of the suspended solids weight TSSh within the upper limit standard is , above T
This is about 80% of SSmax. These are empirically determined preferred applicable values.
しかして、上述の着眼点、に基づく本発明の一実施例を
説明するが、第5図と同一構成部品には同一符号を付し
、その詳述説明を省略する。An embodiment of the present invention based on the above-mentioned point of view will now be described, but the same components as in FIG. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed explanation thereof will be omitted.
第1図は、本発明の一実施例を示す汚水浄化装置であっ
て、この汚水浄化装置は互いに連設し合う第1の浄化処
理槽(la) 、第2の浄化処理槽(1b)を有する。FIG. 1 shows a sewage purification device showing one embodiment of the present invention, which includes a first septic tank (la) and a second septic tank (1b) that are connected to each other. have
第1の浄化処理槽(1a)は種として微生物の働きによ
って汚水中の有機物質を酸化・分解するものであるが、
汚水中の浮遊物質の一部を捕捉する機能をも有している
。また、第2の浄化処理槽(1b)は主として汚水中の
浮遊物質を捕捉するものではあるが、汚水中の有機物質
を酸化・分解する機能をも有している。このため、第1
および第2の浄化処理槽(1a)、(1b)に設置する
接触濾材(2a)、(2b)の構造・形状は異なってい
る。The first septic tank (1a) oxidizes and decomposes organic substances in wastewater through the action of microorganisms.
It also has the function of capturing some of the suspended solids in wastewater. Furthermore, although the second septic tank (1b) mainly captures suspended substances in wastewater, it also has the function of oxidizing and decomposing organic substances in wastewater. For this reason, the first
The structures and shapes of the contact filter media (2a) and (2b) installed in the second septic tanks (1a) and (1b) are different.
一方、第1および第2の浄化処理槽(1a)、(1b)
には汚水中に残有する浮遊物質濃度を検出する検出器(
15a)、(15b)が配設されており、これらの検出
器(15a) 、 (15b)から検出された信号は変
換器(14)を経て制御装置(16)に印加されるよう
になっている。また、第1の浄化処理槽(1a)の流入
口(4)には汚水流入量を検出するfL量針(13)が
配設されており、流量計(13)によって検出された信
号も上記制御装置(16)に印加されるようになってい
る。On the other hand, the first and second septic tanks (1a) and (1b)
is equipped with a detector (
15a) and (15b) are arranged, and the signals detected from these detectors (15a) and (15b) are applied to the control device (16) via the converter (14). There is. Further, an fL volume needle (13) for detecting the amount of wastewater inflow is provided at the inlet (4) of the first septic tank (1a), and the signal detected by the flow meter (13) is also The signal is applied to a control device (16).
上記制′4′n装置(16)は、第3図に示されるよう
に、掛算器(17) 、積分器(18)、設定器(19
)、発信器(21)とからなり、これらは互いに電気的
回路で結ばれている。As shown in FIG.
) and a transmitter (21), which are connected to each other by an electrical circuit.
かかる構成を有する制御装置(16)において、第1お
よび第2の浄化処理槽(1a)、(1b)の浮遊物質濃
度がそれぞれ検出器(15a)、(15b)によって検
出されており、これらの検出信号は変換器(14)を経
てその差分が求められ、差分信号は掛算器(17)に印
加される。掛算器(17)には、また汚水の流量信号が
印加されており、ここで掛算され、その出力信号は積分
器(18)に送られる。積分器(18)は捕捉された浮
遊物質重量TSSを上述(1)式に基づいて求めるもの
であって、ここで積分された信号は操作端(20)を通
して設定器(19)からの設定信号と比較され、浮遊物
質重量TTSが設定値より高いことが判別されると、発
信器(21)から逆洗指令信号αbとして第2の浄化処
理(1b)の逆洗用散気送給弁(10)に送り出され、
これによって接触濾材(26)の逆洗運転がなされる。In the control device (16) having such a configuration, the concentrations of suspended solids in the first and second septic tanks (1a), (1b) are detected by the detectors (15a), (15b), respectively. The detection signal passes through a converter (14) to determine the difference thereof, and the difference signal is applied to a multiplier (17). The sewage flow rate signal is also applied to the multiplier (17), where it is multiplied and the output signal is sent to the integrator (18). The integrator (18) determines the weight of the trapped suspended solids TSS based on the above-mentioned formula (1), and the integrated signal is sent to the setting signal from the setting device (19) through the operating end (20). When it is determined that the suspended solids weight TTS is higher than the set value, the backwashing command signal αb is sent from the transmitter (21) to the backwashing aeration supply valve ( 10) was sent to
This performs a backwash operation of the contact filter medium (26).
なお、第1の浄化処理槽(1a)も逆洗運転を行うが、
タイマー回路を用いた逆洗運転なので、ここでは本発明
の対象外として取り扱う。Note that the first septic tank (1a) also performs backwash operation,
Since this is a backwash operation using a timer circuit, it is treated as outside the scope of the present invention here.
上記設定器(19)には浮遊物質重量TSSの上限値T
SSmaxの60〜70%の設定値がセントされている
。The setting device (19) has an upper limit value T of the suspended solids weight TSS.
A set value of 60 to 70% of SSmax is cented.
第4図は本発明にかかる制御装置の他の実施例であって
、全体を符号(22)で示す制?311装置(22)は
、図示のように、互いに電気的に接続された掛算器(1
7)、積分器(18)、微分器(23)、設定器(24
)、発信器(26)を有する。FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the control device according to the present invention, which is generally designated by the reference numeral (22). The 311 device (22) includes multipliers (1
7), integrator (18), differentiator (23), setter (24)
), and has a transmitter (26).
かかる構成において、掛算器(17)には上記第1実施
例と同じように、浮遊物濃度差分信号と流量信号とが印
加されており、ここで掛算された出力信号は積分器(1
8)に送られ、時々刻々と浮遊物質重量TSSを算出し
される。算出された浮遊物質重ITss信号は、微分器
(23)に送られ、ここで上述(2)式に基づいて微分
され、実浮遊物捕捉率αbが算出される。この実浮遊物
質捕捉率αbの出力信号は、操作端(25)を通して設
定器(24)からの設定信号と比較され、実浮遊物質捕
捉率αbが設定値よりも低いことが判別されると、発信
器(21)から逆洗指令信号αbとして第2の浄化処理
槽(1b)の逆洗用散気送給弁(10)に送り出され、
これによって接触濾材(2b)の逆洗運転がなされる。In this configuration, the suspended matter concentration difference signal and the flow rate signal are applied to the multiplier (17) as in the first embodiment, and the output signal multiplied here is applied to the integrator (17).
8), and the suspended solid weight TSS is calculated from time to time. The calculated suspended solids weight ITss signal is sent to the differentiator (23), where it is differentiated based on the above-mentioned equation (2), and the actual suspended solids capture rate αb is calculated. This output signal of the actual suspended solids trapping rate αb is compared with the setting signal from the setting device (24) through the operating end (25), and when it is determined that the actual suspended solids trapping rate αb is lower than the set value, It is sent from the transmitter (21) as a backwash command signal αb to the backwash aeration supply valve (10) of the second septic tank (1b),
This performs a backwash operation of the contact filter medium (2b).
なお、設定器(24)には接触濾材(2b)が浄化処理
能力可能な上限限界値α+aaxの40〜50%値がセ
ットされている。Note that the setting device (24) is set to a value of 40 to 50% of the upper limit value α+aax that allows the contact filter medium (2b) to perform purification processing.
本実施例は、上述のようにこまかな演算を行っているか
ら、上述第1実施例だけでは逆洗時期を適格に判断でき
ない場合に適用するとすこぶる好都合である。Since this embodiment performs detailed calculations as described above, it is very convenient to apply it to cases where backwashing timing cannot be properly determined using only the first embodiment described above.
以上説明したように、本発明によれば接触濾材に沈着・
積層する浮遊物質重量を、汚水の浮遊物質濃度と汚水流
入量とから求め、その値が設定値よりも高いことを判別
して逆洗指令信号を出すようにしたから、接触濾材の汚
水浄化処理能力を一段と低下させることがなく、きわめ
て効率の良い逆洗運転が続行できる。また、本発明によ
れば、接触濾材に沈着・積層する浮遊物質の目詰まりを
、汚水の浮遊物質濃度と汚水流入量とを基に、接触濾材
の浮遊物質捕捉率から求め、その捕捉率が設定値よりも
低いことを判別して逆洗指令信号を出すようにしたから
、汚水中の浮遊物質濃度が急激に変化しても、また浮遊
物質濃度がほとんど変化しないのに汚水流入量が急激に
増加することがあっても、逆洗時を適格に判断すること
ができ、この種の技術の向上に一段と寄与することが期
待される。As explained above, according to the present invention, deposits and
The weight of suspended solids that accumulates is calculated from the suspended solids concentration of sewage and the amount of sewage inflow, and when it is determined that the value is higher than the set value, a backwash command signal is issued, so that the sewage purification process of the contact filter medium is Extremely efficient backwash operation can be continued without any further reduction in capacity. Further, according to the present invention, the clogging of suspended solids deposited and stacked on the contact filter medium is determined from the suspended solids capture rate of the contact filter medium based on the suspended solids concentration of wastewater and the amount of wastewater inflow, and the capture rate is determined from the suspended solids capture rate of the contact filter medium. Since the system determines that the value is lower than the set value and issues a backwash command signal, even if the suspended solids concentration in the wastewater changes rapidly, or even if the suspended solids concentration hardly changes, the amount of wastewater inflow will suddenly increase. It is expected that this will further contribute to the improvement of this type of technology, since it is possible to accurately judge when to backwash even if the amount of water increases.
第1図は本発明の一実施例を示す概略図、第2図は浮遊
物質捕捉特性を示すグラフであって、理論値と実際のデ
ータとを比較するものであり、第3図は本発明にかかる
制御装置の実施例を示す概略ブロック図、第4図は本発
明にかかる制御装置のさらに他の実施例を示す概略ブロ
ック図、第5図は従来の実施例を示す概略図である。
1a・・第1の浄化処理槽、 18・・積分器lb・・
第2の浄化処理槽、19.24 ・・設定器2a、2
b・・接触濾材、 21.26・・発信器8・・逆洗用
散気管、 23・・微分器10・・逆洗用散気送給弁、Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a graph showing the suspended solids trapping characteristics, which compares theoretical values and actual data, and Fig. 3 is a graph showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram showing yet another embodiment of the control device according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional embodiment. 1a: First septic tank, 18: Integrator lb...
Second septic tank, 19.24...Setter 2a, 2
b...Contact filter medium, 21.26...Transmitter 8...Aeration pipe for backwashing, 23...Differentiator 10...Aeration supply valve for backwashing,
Claims (1)
動させ、汚水中に含まれる浮遊物質を捕捉する接触濾材
の処理能力に限界をきたす時、槽内に逆洗指令を送り出
す汚水浄化装置の逆洗時期判別方法において、槽内の浮
遊物質濃度と槽内に流入する流量とより上記接触濾材が
捕捉する浮遊物質重量を算出し、この算出値が予め設定
された値よりも高い時逆洗指令を出すようにすることを
特徴とする汚水浄化装置の逆洗時期判別方法。 2)接触濾材が捕捉する浮遊物質重量は、第1の浄化処
理槽の浮遊物質濃度と第2の浄化処理槽の浮遊物質濃度
との偏差に、第1の浄化処理槽に流入する汚水流量を掛
算し、この掛算式を積分することによって算出すること
を特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項記載の汚水浄化装置
の逆洗時期判別方法。 3)槽内に接触濾材を設置し、接触濾材に汚水を循環流
動させ、汚水中に含まれる浮遊物質を捕捉する接触濾材
の処理能力に限界をきたす時、槽内に逆洗指令を送り出
す汚水浄化装置の逆洗時期判別方法において、槽内の浮
遊物質濃度と槽内に流入する汚水流量とより上記接触濾
材が捕捉する浮遊物質重量を連続的に算出するとともに
、この算出値から浮遊物質捕捉率を求め、この値が予め
設定された浮遊物質捕捉率よりも低い時に逆洗指令を出
すようにすることを特徴とする汚水浄化装置の逆洗時期
判別方法。 4)浮遊物質捕捉率は、浮遊物質重量を浄化処理時間で
微分して求めることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第3項
記載の汚水浄化装置の逆洗時期判別方法。[Claims] 1) A contact filter medium is installed in the tank, and wastewater is circulated through the contact filter medium, and when the processing capacity of the contact filter medium to capture suspended solids contained in the wastewater reaches its limit, the contact filter medium is installed in the tank. In the method for determining backwashing time for sewage purification equipment that sends backwashing commands, the weight of suspended solids captured by the contact filter medium is calculated from the suspended solids concentration in the tank and the flow rate flowing into the tank, and this calculated value is set in advance. A method for determining backwashing timing for a sewage purification device, characterized in that a backwashing command is issued when the value is higher than a specified value. 2) The weight of suspended solids captured by the contact filter medium is determined by the difference between the suspended solids concentration in the first septic tank and the suspended solids concentration in the second septic tank, plus the flow rate of sewage flowing into the first septic tank. 2. A method for determining backwashing timing for a sewage purification device according to claim 1, wherein the calculation is performed by multiplying and integrating the multiplication formula. 3) A contact filter medium is installed in the tank, and sewage is circulated through the contact filter medium to capture suspended solids contained in the sewage.When the processing capacity of the contact filter medium reaches its limit, a backwash command is sent into the tank. In the method for determining when to backwash a purifier, the weight of suspended solids captured by the contact filter medium is continuously calculated based on the suspended solids concentration in the tank and the flow rate of sewage flowing into the tank, and the suspended solids captured from this calculated value is 1. A method for determining backwashing timing for a sewage purification device, characterized in that a backwashing command is issued when this value is lower than a preset suspended solids capture rate. 4) The method for determining backwashing timing for a sewage purification apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the suspended solids capture rate is determined by differentiating the weight of suspended solids by the purification treatment time.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP60220456A JPS6279894A (en) | 1985-10-04 | 1985-10-04 | Method for discriminating timing for backwashing of sewage cleaning-up device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP60220456A JPS6279894A (en) | 1985-10-04 | 1985-10-04 | Method for discriminating timing for backwashing of sewage cleaning-up device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS6279894A true JPS6279894A (en) | 1987-04-13 |
Family
ID=16751399
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP60220456A Pending JPS6279894A (en) | 1985-10-04 | 1985-10-04 | Method for discriminating timing for backwashing of sewage cleaning-up device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS6279894A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014155882A (en) * | 2013-02-14 | 2014-08-28 | Kawamoto Pump Mfg Co Ltd | Filtering device |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5745391A (en) * | 1980-09-02 | 1982-03-15 | Hitachi Kiden Kogyo Ltd | Backwashing method for contact filter media in immersion filter bead treatment method for sewage |
-
1985
- 1985-10-04 JP JP60220456A patent/JPS6279894A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5745391A (en) * | 1980-09-02 | 1982-03-15 | Hitachi Kiden Kogyo Ltd | Backwashing method for contact filter media in immersion filter bead treatment method for sewage |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014155882A (en) * | 2013-02-14 | 2014-08-28 | Kawamoto Pump Mfg Co Ltd | Filtering device |
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