JPS6262196B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6262196B2 JPS6262196B2 JP59202103A JP20210384A JPS6262196B2 JP S6262196 B2 JPS6262196 B2 JP S6262196B2 JP 59202103 A JP59202103 A JP 59202103A JP 20210384 A JP20210384 A JP 20210384A JP S6262196 B2 JPS6262196 B2 JP S6262196B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pulp
- melamine
- wood
- triazine
- paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 55
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=NC=NC=N1 JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 s -triazine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 39
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 37
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 6
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- MASBWURJQFFLOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammeline Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(O)=N1 MASBWURJQFFLOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical group OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L congo red Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=CC2=C(N)C(/N=N/C3=CC=C(C=C3)C3=CC=C(C=C3)/N=N/C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4C(=C3)S([O-])(=O)=O)N)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C21 IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000985 reactive dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPJKLCJJNFVOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 HPJKLCJJNFVOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZEZMSPGIPTEBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NC=2N=C(N)N=C(N)N=2)=N1 YZEZMSPGIPTEBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208140 Acer Species 0.000 description 1
- GYIMANCNTLUKJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cl(=O)(=O)O.N1=C(N)N=C(N)N=C1N Chemical compound Cl(=O)(=O)O.N1=C(N)N=C(N)N=C1N GYIMANCNTLUKJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008566 Pinus taeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218679 Pinus taeda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219492 Quercus Species 0.000 description 1
- YSKUZVBSHIWEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammelide Chemical compound NC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 YSKUZVBSHIWEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012993 chemical processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000009808 cranioectodermal dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- BMAUDWDYKLUBPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;3-[[4-[(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-2-methylphenyl]diazenyl]naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C=1C=C(N=NC=2C=C3C(=CC=CC3=C(C=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(C)=CC=1NC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 BMAUDWDYKLUBPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940079826 hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- WMRHTANUAUKEGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound ClO.N1=C(N)N=C(N)N=C1N WMRHTANUAUKEGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YSRVJVDFHZYRPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N melem Chemical compound NC1=NC(N23)=NC(N)=NC2=NC(N)=NC3=N1 YSRVJVDFHZYRPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- CSGNMMLYYZTWBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 CSGNMMLYYZTWBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFPPQTYHQHJOOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=[NH+]C(N)=N1 ZFPPQTYHQHJOOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOVCASRUQMXLSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 VOVCASRUQMXLSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- LTURHSAEWJPFAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 LTURHSAEWJPFAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGTPJMOILNSFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurous acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OS(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 NGTPJMOILNSFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/1026—Other features in bleaching processes
- D21C9/1036—Use of compounds accelerating or improving the efficiency of the processes
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
æ¬çºæã¯çŽããã³çŽè£œåã«é¢ããç¹ã«è£œçŽæ¥è
ã«ãããŠå©çšããæšæãã«ãã補é ããæ¹è¯æ¹
æ³ãæ¹è¯æšæãã«ããããã³åŸãããæçµçŽè£œå
ã«é¢ãããã®ã§ãããç¹ã«ãæ¬çºæã¯çŽè£œåã®è£œ
é ã«äœ¿çšããæšæãã«ãã®è£œé ã«ãããã¡ã©ãã³
ã®åŠãéžæïœâããªã¢ãžã³ã®å©çšãæ·»å å€ãå«æ
ããæšæãã«ããããã³ïœâããªã¢ãžã³å«ææšæ
ãã«ãã§äœã€ãæ¹è¯çŽã«é¢ãããã®ã§ããã 補çŽçšãã«ãã®è£œé ããã»ã¹ãå å«ãã補çŽå·¥
æ¥æè¡ã¯å€ããã確ç«ãããŠããæè¡ã§ãããã
ãæ ãæšæãã«ããæšããå å·¥ç±åŠçãååŠåŠç
ãŸãã¯åååŠåŠçã«ãã€ãŠäœãæ¹æ³ã¯ããç¥ãã
ãŠããããããã®åŠçã¯ãäŸãã°ããã«ã ã¢ã³
ã ããŒããŒïŒã±ãã¹ããªãŒ ã¢ã³ã ã±ãã«ã«
ãã¯ãããžãŒããžã€ã¡ã¹ P.ã«ã»ã€æ°èã第ïŒ
çã1980ã1983幎 ãžãšã³ ãŠã€ã¬ã€ ã¢ã³ã
ãœã³ã¹ ã€ã³ã³ãŒãã¬ãŒã·ãšã³åºçã®ãããªæç®
ã«èšèŒãããŠãããéåžžãæé·ããæšããåŸãã
ãæšæ䞞倪ããå ã¥å°ããæçã«ã«ãããã次ã
ã§ãã«ãåããã»ã¹ïŒPulping processïŒã®ç¬¬ïŒ
段éã§ãããã«ããã次ãã§ããã®ããããåå
åŠãŸãã¯ååŠäœæ¥ã§èžè§£ããŠæšç¹ç¶ã«ä¿æãããŠ
ãããªã°ãã³ãã»ã«ããŒã¹ãŸãã¯ããã»ã«ããŒã¹
ããåé¢ããããªã°ãã³ã¯å»æ£ããã»ã«ããŒã¹æ
æã¯è£œçŽã«äœ¿çšããããã«æŽã«åŠçããŠããã å å·¥åŠçããã»ã¹ïŒTMPïŒã«ãããŠã¯ããã«
ãåã¯æšæãããã奜ãŸããã¯å å§äžã§äºåå ç±
åŠçããŠæšæã«å«æãããŠãããªã°ãã³ãè»ãã
ãŠæ§æç¹ç¶ãåé¢ããããšã«ãã€ãŠéæããŠã
ãããããåŸã«ããªã°ãã³ãæŒçœäœæ¥ã«ãããŠã»
ã«ããŒã¹çæç©ããéšåçã«åé¢ãããååŠãã
ã»ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯ãæšæãããããéåžžãå¯éèžè§£
ã¿ã³ã¯äžã§é©åœãªååŠè©Šè¬ã®ååšã§èžç ®ãããäº
ç¡«é žããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯ãååŠè©Šè¬ãéäºç¡«é žå¡©
ãšãããç¡«é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ã¯ã©ãã ããã»ã¹ã«ãã
ãŠã¯ãååŠè©Šè¬ãèæ§ãœãŒããŸãã¯ç¡«åãããªãŠ
ã ãšããïŒããªãã¡ãç¡«é žå¡©ããã»ã¹ïŒãèæ§ãœ
ãŒã ããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯ãèæ§ãœãŒããååŠè©Š
è¬ãšããŠäœ¿çšããããã¹ãŠã®ååŠããã»ã¹ã¯ãå
åŠè©Šè¬ãçšããŠã»ã«ããŒã¹ãŸãã¯ããã»ã«ããŒã¹
ã«ä¿æãããŠãããªã°ãã³ãèžè§£ããããšã«é¢ã
ãŠã¯é¡äŒŒããŠãããååŠããã»ã¹ããçæããã
ã«ãã¯ååŠãã«ããšããŠç¥ãããŠããã å žåçã«ã¯ãåæãã«ãå段éåŸãå å·¥ç±åŠç
ããã»ã¹ãåååŠããã»ã¹ãŸãã¯ååŠããã»ã¹ã«
ãããŠããã«ããå€æ°ã®é 次äœæ¥ã«ãããŠåŠçã
ãããããäœæ¥ã®ãã¡ãïŒã€ã®äœæ¥ã§ã¯æšæãã«
ããå¡©çŽ ããŸãã¯éé žåæ°ŽçŽ ãã¬ã¹ç¶é žçŽ ãŸãã¯
ãªãŸã³ã®åŠãé žçŽ å«æææã®ãããªæŒçœå€ã§æŒçœ
ããçš®ã ã®æŽæµæ®µéã«æ¬¡ãã§æšæãã«ããæŒçœã
ããä»ã®ãã¹ãâãã«ãåäœæ¥ã«ãããŠã¯ããã«
ããæ©æ¢°çã«æäœãŸãã¯å©è§£ããŠæšæç¹ç¶ããã€
ããªã«åããã³ç¹ç¶åïŒfiberizeïŒãããã®ãã
ã«æ¬¡ã®è£œçŽããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠç¹ç¶ãçµåãããã
ã®ãã¹ãâãã«ãåäœæ¥ã®ç®çã¯ãã®åŸã®è£œçŽäœ
æ¥ã«é©åœãªæšæãã«ããåŸãããã«ããæçµçã«
é©åœãªè²ãçœè²åºŠïŒbrightnessïŒãã€ã³ãåç
æ§ãé¡æåçæ§ãããã³æçµçšéã«ããã也湿匷
床ãèèæ§ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯é»æ°çç¹æ§ã®ãããªäž
ããããçšéã«å¯ŸããŠæãŸããç¹æ§ãæããçŽã
çæããã çš®ã ã®ãã¹ãâãã«ãåäœæ¥ã«ãããŠã¯ãæ·»å
å€ãå ããŠäœæ¥æ§ãé«ããããšãã§ãããäŸã
ã°ãå©è§£ããã»ã¹ãä¿é²ããããã€ããã»ã¹ã®ãš
ãã«ã®ãŒèŠæ±ãæžå°ããã®ã«ã粟ç 段é
ïŒrefiningstepïŒã«ãããŠã³ã³ãŽãŒã¬ããã®åŠã
æææ·»å å€ãçšããããšã¯ç¥ãããŠãããã³ã³ãŽ
ãŒã¬ããææã¯æå©ã§ããããã©ããææã®äœ¿çš
ã¯æšæãã«ããèµ€è²ã«çè²ããã®ã§ãçè²ãé€å»
ããªãããããã«ãããäœã€ãçŽè£œåã¯çè²ããŠ
ããã åªããç¹æ§ãæããæšæãã«ãã¯ç¥ãããŠãã
ããã©ããçµæžçãªèŠ³ç¹ããããã³ç¹å®çšéã«å¯Ÿ
ããŠæãŸããç¹æ§ãæããæçµçŽè£œåãåŸã芳ç¹
ãã補çŽäœæ¥ã«äœ¿çšããæšæãã«ãã®è£œé ã«æ¹è¯
ãå ããå¿ èŠãããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯äžè¿°ããåŸæ¥æè¡ã®æ¬ ç¹ãé€
å»ããããã«ãæ¬çºæã®äž»ç®çã¯è£œçŽäœæ¥ã«ãã
ãŠäœ¿çšããæ¹è¯æ·»å å€ãç¹ã«è£œçŽäœæ¥ã«ãããŠåŸ
ã§äœ¿çšããå埪ç°ãã«ããå å«ããæšæãã«ãã®
çæã«äœ¿çšããæ¹è¯æ·»å å€ãæäŸããããšã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã®ä»ã®ç®çã¯è£œçŽäœæ¥ã«ãããŠãç¹ã«æ¯
èŒçã«å®äŸ¡ã§ããã€æšæãã«ãåããã»ã¹ã«ãã
ãŠçµæžçã«æšæãã«ã¹ã補é ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããæ·»
å å€ãæäŸããããšã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã®ä»ã®ç®çã¯è£œçŽäœæ¥ã«ãããŠã
ç¹ã«ãã«ãã«ä¿çããå Žåã«æ¹è¯æšæãã«ããåŸ
ãã®ã«çŽã«åŸäœ¿çšããæšæãã«ããçæããã®ã«
䜿çšããæ·»å å€ãæäŸããããšã§ããã æŽã«ããŸãæ¬çºæã®ä»ã®ç®çã¯æšæãã«ãã«ä¿
çããå Žåã«ã¯æšæãã«ãã§çæããçŽã«é«ã匷
ããã€ã³ãåçæ§ãçœè²åºŠãäœãéé»è·èç©ãã
ãã³é¡æé©åæ§ããã³ä¿çæ§ã®åŠãæ¹è¯ç¹æ§ãåŸ
ãã®ã«è£œçŽäœæ¥ã«çšããæšæãã«ãã®è£œé ã«äœ¿çš
ããæ¹è¯æ·»å å€ãæäŸããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã¯äžè¿°ããç®çãéæããããã«ãã¡ã©
ãã³ã®åŠãïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãæšæãã«ãå
ããã»ã¹ã®é©åœãªæ®µéã§æ·»å ããããšã§ãããæ¬
çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãæšæãã«ããå¡©çŽ ãŸãã¯é žçŽ æŒ
çœã®åŠãéåžžã®æŒçœæ³ã«é©çšããåã«ãã¡ã©ãã³
ãæšæãã«ãã«æ·»å ããå Žåã«ã¯ãã¡ã©ãã³ã¯æŒ
çœããã»ã¹ã®éçšäžç²åºŠä¿è·å€ãŸãã¯å®å®åå€ãš
ããŠäœçšããã°ããããæŒçœæšæãã«ãã«æ¹è¯ã
ããè²ãçœè²åºŠããã³åŒ·ããä»äžããããšãèŠåº
ããããŸãããã«ãåããã»ã¹ã®ç²Ÿç 段éã«ã¡ã©
ãã³ãååšãããããšã«ãã€ãŠãå©è§£ããã»ã¹ã®
æéããã³ãšãã«ã®ãŒèŠæ±ãæžå°ãããã€å¯ææ§
ãå«ãæ¹è¯ãããç¹ç¶ç¹æ§ãæããæšæãã«ãã
åŸãããšãã§ããããã«ããããããã«ããçŽã«
䜿çšããå Žåã«ç¹ç¶ã®çµåãåäžããããšãèŠåº
ããã æŽã«ããŸãæ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãæšæãã«ãã¯æš
æãã«ãåããã»ã¹åŸïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãä¿
æã§ããããšãããã³ä¿æïœâããªã¢ãžã³âã»ã«
ããŒã¹âãªã°ãã³çµæç©ã¯ãã«ãã®å å·¥ç±åŠçã
ååŠåŠçãŸãã¯åååŠåŠçã«é¢ä¿ãªãåªããç¹æ§
ãæããçŽãåŸãããšãã§ããããšãèŠåºããã
ïœâããªã¢ãžã³çµæç©ãå«æããæšæãã«ããã
äœã€ãçŽã¯åªããé¡æé©åæ§ããã³ä¿çæ§ïŒåªã
ãã€ã³ãåçæ§ïŒç Žè£åŒ·ãïŒåŒåŒµåŒ·ãããã³åŒè£
匷ããå«ãé«ãæ©æ¢°ç匷ããæããããšã確ã
ãããŸããïœâããªã¢ãžã³çµæç©ã¯çŽå埪ç°ãã
ã»ã¹äžçŽãéããã«ããã€å®å šã«è±ã€ã³ãããã
ãšãã§ããããã®ããã«ãïœâããªã¢ãžã³ã¯æšæ
ã補çŽäœæ¥ã«é©åœãªæšæãã«ããžã®å å·¥æ§ãé«ã
ãäœçšãããããšãããã³è£œçŽäœæ¥æã«æšæãã«
ãäžã«ä¿æããå Žåã«ã¯ïœâããªã¢ãžã³çµæç©ã
åªããç¹æ§ãæããçŽãçæããããšã確ããã
ããæ ãæ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãã«ããçŽã«è»¢åãã
åã«æšæãã«ãåæ·»å å€ãé€å»ããå¿ èŠããªãã°
ããããåªããçŽè£œåãåŸãããšãã§ããããã
ã«äœ¿çšãããçŽããšã¯æšæããèªå°ããã»ã«ããŒ
ã¹ã®åã ã®ç¹ç¶ã®ã·ãŒãããã©ã±ãããŸãã¯ãã
ããæå³ãããç¹ç¶ã¯ç¹ç©ãŸãã¯äžç¹ç©ã«ã§ãã
ããäžè¬ã«ã¯äžç¹ç©ã«ããããŸããããã«ãããš
ã¯çŽãŸãã¯ä»ã®ãã«ã補åã補é ãããã«ã¯ç¶æ
ã®ã»ã«ããŒã¹ç¹ç¶ã®çŽ æïŒmassïŒãæå³ããã
ãŸãããæšæãã«ãåããšã¯æšæããããæ°Žæ§åª
質ã«ãããã»ã«ããŒã¹ç¹ç¶ã®ã¹ã©ãªãŒã«è»¢åãã
ããã»ã¹ãæå³ããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠçšããããšã®ã§ããæ·»å å€ã¯å°
ãªããšãïŒåã®NH2åºãæãããã€æ¬¡åŒïŒ ïŒåŒäžãã¯NH2ãŸãã¯OHåºã瀺ãïŒã§è¡šã
ãããéžæïœâããªã¢ãžã³ååç©ãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ã§
ããã奜ãŸããååç©ãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°äžèšåŒäž
ã®ïŒžãNH2åºã§ããã¡ã©ãã³ããŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ãäŸ
ãã°ã¹ã«ãã¢ãã³é žã¡ã©ãã³ãäºç¡«é žã¡ã©ãã³ã
å¡©åã¡ã©ãã³ãç¡«é žã¡ã©ãã³ããªã³é žã¡ã©ãã³ã
次äºå¡©çŽ é žã¡ã©ãã³ãå¡©çŽ é žã¡ã©ãã³ãäºéçŽ é ž
ã¡ã©ãã³ãéå¡©çŽ é žã¡ã©ãã³ãç¡é žã¡ã©ãã³ãé
é ¢é žã¡ã©ãã³ããã³ã¡ã©ãã³æ°ŽçŽ ã¹ã«ãã€ã
ïŒmalamine hydrogen sulfiteïŒãå å«ããããŸ
ãã1984幎ïŒæïŒæ¥åºé¡ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ç¹èš±åºé¡ç¬¬
568408å·æ现æžïŒå称ãç¡æ°Žé«å§ã¡ã©ãã³å
æãïŒã«èšèŒãããŠããæ¹æ³ã§äœã€ãã¡ã©ãã³ã
æ¬çºæã«ãããŠæå¹ã«äœ¿çšã§ããããšã確ããã
ãã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ç¹èš±åºé¡ã«èšèŒãããŠããæ¹æ³ã®ç
æç©ã¯ã¡ã©ã ïŒC6H9N11ïŒãã¡ã¬ã ïŒC6H6N10ïŒã
ã¢ã³ã¡ãªã³ïŒC3N5OH5ïŒãã¢ã³ã¡ãªã
ïŒC3N4O2H4ïŒããã³å°¿çŽ ãå å«ããçŽïŒïŒ ãŸã§ã®
眮æåã®éã¡ã©ãã³ãå«æããããšãã§ãããäž
èšã¢ã¡ãªã«ç¹èš±åºé¡æ现æžã®çæç©ã¯åæšç»é²
ãã¡ã©ãã³ãïŒã¡ã©ãã³ ã±ãã«ã«ã¹ ã€ã³ã³ãŒ
ãã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã®åæšïŒã§äžè¬ã«ç¥ãããŠãããæ¬
çºæã«ãããŠã¯ã¡ã©ãã³ã®å¡©é¡ã瀺ãäžè¿°ããã¡
ã©ãã³ã®å¡©ã¯æå¹ãªæ·»å å€ãšããŠäœ¿çšã§ããã
ãšã確ãããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠäœ¿çšã§ããä»ã®éžæ
ïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ã¯ãç¹æ§ãšããŠã¯å¡©åºã§ã
ã次åŒïŒ ãæããã¢ã¡ãªã³ãå å«ããããšãã§ããã éžæïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ã¯ãèžè§£äœæ¥ã«ãã
ãªã°ãã³ãŸãã¯ä»ã®æš¹è質ãé€å»ããå Žåã«ãã
ã€ããªã«åç¶æ ã®ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãŸãã¯ããã»ã«ããŒ
ã¹çæç©ãçæããæšæã®ãã«ãåã«çšããããš
ãã§ããããã€ãšãæ®éã®å¥œãŸããææãšããŠã¯
ããæãã¢ãæãããŠãæãããã©æããªãŒã¯
æãã¢ããžã»ã«ãšãæãããã¬ããŒæããããªã³
æãªã§ã®çš®ã ã®ã¿ã€ãã®ç¡¬æšããã³è»æšãäŸç€ºã
ãããšãã§ããããŸããæ·»å å€ã¯ãçŽããã³ãã«
ããå埪ç°ããŠæ°ããçŽãŸãã¯ãã«ãææãäœã
å Žåã«å¹æçã«çšããããšãã§ãããããã«èšèŒ
ãããæšæããšã¯å±±æã«ãããŠäžè¬ã«èŠåºããã
æšãŸãã¯é¡äŒŒæ€ç©ããèªå°ãããªã°ãã³ããã³ã»
ã«ããŒã¹ç¹ç¶ã®æ··åç©ãæå³ãããããã«èšèŒã
ããïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ããšã¯æšæå å·¥ã«ãã
ãŠæ·»å ããïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãæå³ããããŸãã
ãïœâããªã¢ãžã³çµæç©ããšã¯ã»ã«ããŒã¹ããã³
ãªã°ãã³ãšäºãã«äœçšããïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€
ã®çµæç©ãæå³ããã æšæãŸãã¯æšæãã«ããšçµåãããŠäœ¿çšããæ·»
å å€ã®éã¯æ·»å ãã段éããã³æ·»å å€ã®äœçšã«ã
ã€ãŠå€ããããšãã§ãããããæ ãéžæïœâããª
ã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãæšæãã«ãåããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠæ·»
å ããå Žåã¯ããã®äœ¿çšéã¯æšæ100éšã«å¯ŸããŠ
çŽ0.05ã20éšã«ããã®ã奜ãŸãããç¡«åãŸãã¯äº
ç¡«é žããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯ãéžæïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»
å å€ãæšæ100éšã«å¯ŸããŠçŽ0.5ã10éšã®å²åã§æ·»
å ããã®ã奜ãŸãããå å·¥ç±åŠçãŸãã¯ååŠâæ©
械çæšæãã«ãåããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯ãéžæïœâ
ããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãæšæ100éšã«å¯ŸããŠçŽ0.05ã
ïŒéšã®å²åã§æ·»å ããã®ã奜ãŸãããäžè¬ã«ãè¥
å¹²ã®ïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ã¯æšæå å·¥æ¡ä»¶äžã§å€±
ããã奜ãŸããã¯ãä»å æ·»å å€ãå®åžžç¶æ å埪ç°
æäœã«ãããŠå ããããšãã§ãããïœâããªã¢ãž
ã³æ·»å å€âã»ã«ããŒã¹âãªã°ãã³çµæç©ã¯ãã«ã
åæ¡ä»¶ã«ããä»ã®ãã«ãå å·¥ããã³ãã«ãã«ä¿æ
ããçæçµæç©ã«å¯ŸããŠæçãªäœçšãæããŠã
ãã ïœâããªã¢ãžã³èªå°äœãæŒçœããã»ã¹äžã«æ·»å
ããå Žåã«ã¯ããã®äœ¿çšéã¯æšæãã«ã100éšã«
察ããŠçŽ0.05ãïŒéšã®å²åã«ãããäžè¬ã«ãè¥å¹²
ã®æ·»å å€ã¯æŒçœæ®µéããã³æ¬¡ã®æŽæµæ®µéã«ãããŠ
倱ãã®ã§ãåŸã®å 工段éã§ãäŸãã°ç±æ©æ¢°çãã
ã»ã¹ã«ãããŠããŸãã¯ååŠãŸãã¯ç±æ©æ¢°çããã»
ã¹ã®å©è§£ããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯ç²Ÿç 段éã§æ·»å å€ã®
æå¹éãåŸãããããã«ãä»å æ·»å å€ãæŒçœãã
ã»ã¹ã®çµäºã®éã«æ·»å ããããšãã§ãããæŽã«ã
éžæïœâããªã¢ãžã³çµæç©ã®éãæšæãã«ãã«
100éšåœãçŽ0.05éšä»¥äžç¶æããå Žåã«ã¯ãæçµ
çŽãŸãã¯ãã«ãããã«ãããäœã€ãçŽã¯é«ã匷ã
ç¹æ§ïŒã€ã³ãããã³é¡æä¿çæ§ïŒèæ±æ°Žæ§ããã³
èèæ§ïŒäžŠã³ã«é»æ°çç¹æ§ãæããããšã確ã
ããçŽãé»åè€åã«å¹æçã§ããããã«ããå Žå
ïŒçŽãã€ã³ãã®é»çã«é©å¿ããããã«ããå ŽåïŒ
ã«ã¯ãæ·»å å€ã¯äžè¿°ããæ·»å éã®äžéã®å²åã§å
åšããã®ãç¹ã«æãŸãããäžè¿°ããããã«ããã
ã³åŸè¿°ãã奜é©ãªå ·äœäŸã«ãã€ãŠãææã®ç®çã
éæããããã®ïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ã®å¹æçãª
æ·»å éãéžå®ããããšãã§ããã çŸåšã®ãšãããïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ããã«ã
åããã»ã¹ã®ç°ãªã段éã«ãããŠæçãªäœçšãåŸ
ãããããšã«ã€ããŠç¢ºããããŠããªããããããª
ããããã«ãåããã»ã¹ããã³å©è§£ããã»ã¹ã«ã
ããŠïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãæšæ现è質ãšäœçš
ããç¹ç¶æãã»ã«ããŒã¹ç¹ç¶ããã³æšè³ªæå
ïŒbignaceous componentsïŒã«åé¢ããŠïœâããª
ã¢ãžã³çµæç©ãå«æãããã«ããåŸããããã®ãš
æãããããŸããæŒçœãŸãã¯å©è§£ããã»ã¹ã«ãã
ãŠãïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãåé¢ç¹ç¶ã«çµåãŸã
ã¯å ±æçµåããæ°ŽçŽ ãä»ããŠãªã°ãã³ãŸãã¯ãªã°
ãã³è¢«çã»ã«ããŒã¹ãšäºãã«åå¿ããããšã«ãã€
ãŠç¹ç¶ãåé¢ãããããªããã®ãšæãããããã
ãã®å Žåã«ãããŠããã¡ã©ãã³ãŸãã¯ã¡ã©ãã³èª
å°äœã¯åŠçãããã»ã«ããŒã¹ç¹ç¶ããé€å»ããå¿
èŠããªãããã®ããã«æ·»å å€ãã»ã«ããŒã¹ç¹ç¶ãš
åã«æ··åããŠã¯åŸãããªãåªããç©ççç¹æ§ãåŸ
ãããšãã§ããã 次ã«ãæ¬çºæã奜é©ãªå ·äœäŸã«ã€ããŠèª¬æã
ããå®æœäŸïŒãïŒã¯ãéžæïœâããªãžã¢ã³æ·»å å€
ããã«ã補é ã®æŒçœæ®µéã«ãããŠæ·»å ããããšã«
ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠãããå®æœäŸïŒãïŒã¯ïœâããªã¢
ãžã³æ·»å å€ãç±æ©æ¢°çãã«ãåããã»ã¹ã®ç²Ÿç 段
éäžã«æ·»å ããããšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠãããå®æœ
äŸïŒã¯ïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ããã¹ãâãã«ãå
å©è§£æ®µéã«ãããŠæ·»å ããããšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠ
ãããå®æœäŸïŒã¯ïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãå埪ç°
ããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠæ·»å ããããšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠ
ãããå®æœäŸïŒã¯æ®éã®è£œçŽãã«ã«ãããŠè¡ãè©Š
éšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠãããä»ã®å®æœäŸã«ãããŠ
ã¯ã以äžã«ç€ºãããã«æšæºTAPPIïŒTechnical
Association of the pulp and Paper IndustryïŒ
æ³ã«ãã€ãŠè¡ã€ãçš®ã ã®è©Šéšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠã
ãã
ã«ãããŠå©çšããæšæãã«ãã補é ããæ¹è¯æ¹
æ³ãæ¹è¯æšæãã«ããããã³åŸãããæçµçŽè£œå
ã«é¢ãããã®ã§ãããç¹ã«ãæ¬çºæã¯çŽè£œåã®è£œ
é ã«äœ¿çšããæšæãã«ãã®è£œé ã«ãããã¡ã©ãã³
ã®åŠãéžæïœâããªã¢ãžã³ã®å©çšãæ·»å å€ãå«æ
ããæšæãã«ããããã³ïœâããªã¢ãžã³å«ææšæ
ãã«ãã§äœã€ãæ¹è¯çŽã«é¢ãããã®ã§ããã 補çŽçšãã«ãã®è£œé ããã»ã¹ãå å«ãã補çŽå·¥
æ¥æè¡ã¯å€ããã確ç«ãããŠããæè¡ã§ãããã
ãæ ãæšæãã«ããæšããå å·¥ç±åŠçãååŠåŠç
ãŸãã¯åååŠåŠçã«ãã€ãŠäœãæ¹æ³ã¯ããç¥ãã
ãŠããããããã®åŠçã¯ãäŸãã°ããã«ã ã¢ã³
ã ããŒããŒïŒã±ãã¹ããªãŒ ã¢ã³ã ã±ãã«ã«
ãã¯ãããžãŒããžã€ã¡ã¹ P.ã«ã»ã€æ°èã第ïŒ
çã1980ã1983幎 ãžãšã³ ãŠã€ã¬ã€ ã¢ã³ã
ãœã³ã¹ ã€ã³ã³ãŒãã¬ãŒã·ãšã³åºçã®ãããªæç®
ã«èšèŒãããŠãããéåžžãæé·ããæšããåŸãã
ãæšæ䞞倪ããå ã¥å°ããæçã«ã«ãããã次ã
ã§ãã«ãåããã»ã¹ïŒPulping processïŒã®ç¬¬ïŒ
段éã§ãããã«ããã次ãã§ããã®ããããåå
åŠãŸãã¯ååŠäœæ¥ã§èžè§£ããŠæšç¹ç¶ã«ä¿æãããŠ
ãããªã°ãã³ãã»ã«ããŒã¹ãŸãã¯ããã»ã«ããŒã¹
ããåé¢ããããªã°ãã³ã¯å»æ£ããã»ã«ããŒã¹æ
æã¯è£œçŽã«äœ¿çšããããã«æŽã«åŠçããŠããã å å·¥åŠçããã»ã¹ïŒTMPïŒã«ãããŠã¯ããã«
ãåã¯æšæãããã奜ãŸããã¯å å§äžã§äºåå ç±
åŠçããŠæšæã«å«æãããŠãããªã°ãã³ãè»ãã
ãŠæ§æç¹ç¶ãåé¢ããããšã«ãã€ãŠéæããŠã
ãããããåŸã«ããªã°ãã³ãæŒçœäœæ¥ã«ãããŠã»
ã«ããŒã¹çæç©ããéšåçã«åé¢ãããååŠãã
ã»ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯ãæšæãããããéåžžãå¯éèžè§£
ã¿ã³ã¯äžã§é©åœãªååŠè©Šè¬ã®ååšã§èžç ®ãããäº
ç¡«é žããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯ãååŠè©Šè¬ãéäºç¡«é žå¡©
ãšãããç¡«é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ã¯ã©ãã ããã»ã¹ã«ãã
ãŠã¯ãååŠè©Šè¬ãèæ§ãœãŒããŸãã¯ç¡«åãããªãŠ
ã ãšããïŒããªãã¡ãç¡«é žå¡©ããã»ã¹ïŒãèæ§ãœ
ãŒã ããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯ãèæ§ãœãŒããååŠè©Š
è¬ãšããŠäœ¿çšããããã¹ãŠã®ååŠããã»ã¹ã¯ãå
åŠè©Šè¬ãçšããŠã»ã«ããŒã¹ãŸãã¯ããã»ã«ããŒã¹
ã«ä¿æãããŠãããªã°ãã³ãèžè§£ããããšã«é¢ã
ãŠã¯é¡äŒŒããŠãããååŠããã»ã¹ããçæããã
ã«ãã¯ååŠãã«ããšããŠç¥ãããŠããã å žåçã«ã¯ãåæãã«ãå段éåŸãå å·¥ç±åŠç
ããã»ã¹ãåååŠããã»ã¹ãŸãã¯ååŠããã»ã¹ã«
ãããŠããã«ããå€æ°ã®é 次äœæ¥ã«ãããŠåŠçã
ãããããäœæ¥ã®ãã¡ãïŒã€ã®äœæ¥ã§ã¯æšæãã«
ããå¡©çŽ ããŸãã¯éé žåæ°ŽçŽ ãã¬ã¹ç¶é žçŽ ãŸãã¯
ãªãŸã³ã®åŠãé žçŽ å«æææã®ãããªæŒçœå€ã§æŒçœ
ããçš®ã ã®æŽæµæ®µéã«æ¬¡ãã§æšæãã«ããæŒçœã
ããä»ã®ãã¹ãâãã«ãåäœæ¥ã«ãããŠã¯ããã«
ããæ©æ¢°çã«æäœãŸãã¯å©è§£ããŠæšæç¹ç¶ããã€
ããªã«åããã³ç¹ç¶åïŒfiberizeïŒãããã®ãã
ã«æ¬¡ã®è£œçŽããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠç¹ç¶ãçµåãããã
ã®ãã¹ãâãã«ãåäœæ¥ã®ç®çã¯ãã®åŸã®è£œçŽäœ
æ¥ã«é©åœãªæšæãã«ããåŸãããã«ããæçµçã«
é©åœãªè²ãçœè²åºŠïŒbrightnessïŒãã€ã³ãåç
æ§ãé¡æåçæ§ãããã³æçµçšéã«ããã也湿匷
床ãèèæ§ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯é»æ°çç¹æ§ã®ãããªäž
ããããçšéã«å¯ŸããŠæãŸããç¹æ§ãæããçŽã
çæããã çš®ã ã®ãã¹ãâãã«ãåäœæ¥ã«ãããŠã¯ãæ·»å
å€ãå ããŠäœæ¥æ§ãé«ããããšãã§ãããäŸã
ã°ãå©è§£ããã»ã¹ãä¿é²ããããã€ããã»ã¹ã®ãš
ãã«ã®ãŒèŠæ±ãæžå°ããã®ã«ã粟ç 段é
ïŒrefiningstepïŒã«ãããŠã³ã³ãŽãŒã¬ããã®åŠã
æææ·»å å€ãçšããããšã¯ç¥ãããŠãããã³ã³ãŽ
ãŒã¬ããææã¯æå©ã§ããããã©ããææã®äœ¿çš
ã¯æšæãã«ããèµ€è²ã«çè²ããã®ã§ãçè²ãé€å»
ããªãããããã«ãããäœã€ãçŽè£œåã¯çè²ããŠ
ããã åªããç¹æ§ãæããæšæãã«ãã¯ç¥ãããŠãã
ããã©ããçµæžçãªèŠ³ç¹ããããã³ç¹å®çšéã«å¯Ÿ
ããŠæãŸããç¹æ§ãæããæçµçŽè£œåãåŸã芳ç¹
ãã補çŽäœæ¥ã«äœ¿çšããæšæãã«ãã®è£œé ã«æ¹è¯
ãå ããå¿ èŠãããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯äžè¿°ããåŸæ¥æè¡ã®æ¬ ç¹ãé€
å»ããããã«ãæ¬çºæã®äž»ç®çã¯è£œçŽäœæ¥ã«ãã
ãŠäœ¿çšããæ¹è¯æ·»å å€ãç¹ã«è£œçŽäœæ¥ã«ãããŠåŸ
ã§äœ¿çšããå埪ç°ãã«ããå å«ããæšæãã«ãã®
çæã«äœ¿çšããæ¹è¯æ·»å å€ãæäŸããããšã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã®ä»ã®ç®çã¯è£œçŽäœæ¥ã«ãããŠãç¹ã«æ¯
èŒçã«å®äŸ¡ã§ããã€æšæãã«ãåããã»ã¹ã«ãã
ãŠçµæžçã«æšæãã«ã¹ã補é ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããæ·»
å å€ãæäŸããããšã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã®ä»ã®ç®çã¯è£œçŽäœæ¥ã«ãããŠã
ç¹ã«ãã«ãã«ä¿çããå Žåã«æ¹è¯æšæãã«ããåŸ
ãã®ã«çŽã«åŸäœ¿çšããæšæãã«ããçæããã®ã«
䜿çšããæ·»å å€ãæäŸããããšã§ããã æŽã«ããŸãæ¬çºæã®ä»ã®ç®çã¯æšæãã«ãã«ä¿
çããå Žåã«ã¯æšæãã«ãã§çæããçŽã«é«ã匷
ããã€ã³ãåçæ§ãçœè²åºŠãäœãéé»è·èç©ãã
ãã³é¡æé©åæ§ããã³ä¿çæ§ã®åŠãæ¹è¯ç¹æ§ãåŸ
ãã®ã«è£œçŽäœæ¥ã«çšããæšæãã«ãã®è£œé ã«äœ¿çš
ããæ¹è¯æ·»å å€ãæäŸããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã¯äžè¿°ããç®çãéæããããã«ãã¡ã©
ãã³ã®åŠãïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãæšæãã«ãå
ããã»ã¹ã®é©åœãªæ®µéã§æ·»å ããããšã§ãããæ¬
çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãæšæãã«ããå¡©çŽ ãŸãã¯é žçŽ æŒ
çœã®åŠãéåžžã®æŒçœæ³ã«é©çšããåã«ãã¡ã©ãã³
ãæšæãã«ãã«æ·»å ããå Žåã«ã¯ãã¡ã©ãã³ã¯æŒ
çœããã»ã¹ã®éçšäžç²åºŠä¿è·å€ãŸãã¯å®å®åå€ãš
ããŠäœçšããã°ããããæŒçœæšæãã«ãã«æ¹è¯ã
ããè²ãçœè²åºŠããã³åŒ·ããä»äžããããšãèŠåº
ããããŸãããã«ãåããã»ã¹ã®ç²Ÿç 段éã«ã¡ã©
ãã³ãååšãããããšã«ãã€ãŠãå©è§£ããã»ã¹ã®
æéããã³ãšãã«ã®ãŒèŠæ±ãæžå°ãããã€å¯ææ§
ãå«ãæ¹è¯ãããç¹ç¶ç¹æ§ãæããæšæãã«ãã
åŸãããšãã§ããããã«ããããããã«ããçŽã«
䜿çšããå Žåã«ç¹ç¶ã®çµåãåäžããããšãèŠåº
ããã æŽã«ããŸãæ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãæšæãã«ãã¯æš
æãã«ãåããã»ã¹åŸïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãä¿
æã§ããããšãããã³ä¿æïœâããªã¢ãžã³âã»ã«
ããŒã¹âãªã°ãã³çµæç©ã¯ãã«ãã®å å·¥ç±åŠçã
ååŠåŠçãŸãã¯åååŠåŠçã«é¢ä¿ãªãåªããç¹æ§
ãæããçŽãåŸãããšãã§ããããšãèŠåºããã
ïœâããªã¢ãžã³çµæç©ãå«æããæšæãã«ããã
äœã€ãçŽã¯åªããé¡æé©åæ§ããã³ä¿çæ§ïŒåªã
ãã€ã³ãåçæ§ïŒç Žè£åŒ·ãïŒåŒåŒµåŒ·ãããã³åŒè£
匷ããå«ãé«ãæ©æ¢°ç匷ããæããããšã確ã
ãããŸããïœâããªã¢ãžã³çµæç©ã¯çŽå埪ç°ãã
ã»ã¹äžçŽãéããã«ããã€å®å šã«è±ã€ã³ãããã
ãšãã§ããããã®ããã«ãïœâããªã¢ãžã³ã¯æšæ
ã補çŽäœæ¥ã«é©åœãªæšæãã«ããžã®å å·¥æ§ãé«ã
ãäœçšãããããšãããã³è£œçŽäœæ¥æã«æšæãã«
ãäžã«ä¿æããå Žåã«ã¯ïœâããªã¢ãžã³çµæç©ã
åªããç¹æ§ãæããçŽãçæããããšã確ããã
ããæ ãæ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãã«ããçŽã«è»¢åãã
åã«æšæãã«ãåæ·»å å€ãé€å»ããå¿ èŠããªãã°
ããããåªããçŽè£œåãåŸãããšãã§ããããã
ã«äœ¿çšãããçŽããšã¯æšæããèªå°ããã»ã«ããŒ
ã¹ã®åã ã®ç¹ç¶ã®ã·ãŒãããã©ã±ãããŸãã¯ãã
ããæå³ãããç¹ç¶ã¯ç¹ç©ãŸãã¯äžç¹ç©ã«ã§ãã
ããäžè¬ã«ã¯äžç¹ç©ã«ããããŸããããã«ãããš
ã¯çŽãŸãã¯ä»ã®ãã«ã補åã補é ãããã«ã¯ç¶æ
ã®ã»ã«ããŒã¹ç¹ç¶ã®çŽ æïŒmassïŒãæå³ããã
ãŸãããæšæãã«ãåããšã¯æšæããããæ°Žæ§åª
質ã«ãããã»ã«ããŒã¹ç¹ç¶ã®ã¹ã©ãªãŒã«è»¢åãã
ããã»ã¹ãæå³ããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠçšããããšã®ã§ããæ·»å å€ã¯å°
ãªããšãïŒåã®NH2åºãæãããã€æ¬¡åŒïŒ ïŒåŒäžãã¯NH2ãŸãã¯OHåºã瀺ãïŒã§è¡šã
ãããéžæïœâããªã¢ãžã³ååç©ãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ã§
ããã奜ãŸããååç©ãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°äžèšåŒäž
ã®ïŒžãNH2åºã§ããã¡ã©ãã³ããŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ãäŸ
ãã°ã¹ã«ãã¢ãã³é žã¡ã©ãã³ãäºç¡«é žã¡ã©ãã³ã
å¡©åã¡ã©ãã³ãç¡«é žã¡ã©ãã³ããªã³é žã¡ã©ãã³ã
次äºå¡©çŽ é žã¡ã©ãã³ãå¡©çŽ é žã¡ã©ãã³ãäºéçŽ é ž
ã¡ã©ãã³ãéå¡©çŽ é žã¡ã©ãã³ãç¡é žã¡ã©ãã³ãé
é ¢é žã¡ã©ãã³ããã³ã¡ã©ãã³æ°ŽçŽ ã¹ã«ãã€ã
ïŒmalamine hydrogen sulfiteïŒãå å«ããããŸ
ãã1984幎ïŒæïŒæ¥åºé¡ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ç¹èš±åºé¡ç¬¬
568408å·æ现æžïŒå称ãç¡æ°Žé«å§ã¡ã©ãã³å
æãïŒã«èšèŒãããŠããæ¹æ³ã§äœã€ãã¡ã©ãã³ã
æ¬çºæã«ãããŠæå¹ã«äœ¿çšã§ããããšã確ããã
ãã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ç¹èš±åºé¡ã«èšèŒãããŠããæ¹æ³ã®ç
æç©ã¯ã¡ã©ã ïŒC6H9N11ïŒãã¡ã¬ã ïŒC6H6N10ïŒã
ã¢ã³ã¡ãªã³ïŒC3N5OH5ïŒãã¢ã³ã¡ãªã
ïŒC3N4O2H4ïŒããã³å°¿çŽ ãå å«ããçŽïŒïŒ ãŸã§ã®
眮æåã®éã¡ã©ãã³ãå«æããããšãã§ãããäž
èšã¢ã¡ãªã«ç¹èš±åºé¡æ现æžã®çæç©ã¯åæšç»é²
ãã¡ã©ãã³ãïŒã¡ã©ãã³ ã±ãã«ã«ã¹ ã€ã³ã³ãŒ
ãã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã®åæšïŒã§äžè¬ã«ç¥ãããŠãããæ¬
çºæã«ãããŠã¯ã¡ã©ãã³ã®å¡©é¡ã瀺ãäžè¿°ããã¡
ã©ãã³ã®å¡©ã¯æå¹ãªæ·»å å€ãšããŠäœ¿çšã§ããã
ãšã確ãããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠäœ¿çšã§ããä»ã®éžæ
ïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ã¯ãç¹æ§ãšããŠã¯å¡©åºã§ã
ã次åŒïŒ ãæããã¢ã¡ãªã³ãå å«ããããšãã§ããã éžæïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ã¯ãèžè§£äœæ¥ã«ãã
ãªã°ãã³ãŸãã¯ä»ã®æš¹è質ãé€å»ããå Žåã«ãã
ã€ããªã«åç¶æ ã®ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãŸãã¯ããã»ã«ããŒ
ã¹çæç©ãçæããæšæã®ãã«ãåã«çšããããš
ãã§ããããã€ãšãæ®éã®å¥œãŸããææãšããŠã¯
ããæãã¢ãæãããŠãæãããã©æããªãŒã¯
æãã¢ããžã»ã«ãšãæãããã¬ããŒæããããªã³
æãªã§ã®çš®ã ã®ã¿ã€ãã®ç¡¬æšããã³è»æšãäŸç€ºã
ãããšãã§ããããŸããæ·»å å€ã¯ãçŽããã³ãã«
ããå埪ç°ããŠæ°ããçŽãŸãã¯ãã«ãææãäœã
å Žåã«å¹æçã«çšããããšãã§ãããããã«èšèŒ
ãããæšæããšã¯å±±æã«ãããŠäžè¬ã«èŠåºããã
æšãŸãã¯é¡äŒŒæ€ç©ããèªå°ãããªã°ãã³ããã³ã»
ã«ããŒã¹ç¹ç¶ã®æ··åç©ãæå³ãããããã«èšèŒã
ããïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ããšã¯æšæå å·¥ã«ãã
ãŠæ·»å ããïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãæå³ããããŸãã
ãïœâããªã¢ãžã³çµæç©ããšã¯ã»ã«ããŒã¹ããã³
ãªã°ãã³ãšäºãã«äœçšããïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€
ã®çµæç©ãæå³ããã æšæãŸãã¯æšæãã«ããšçµåãããŠäœ¿çšããæ·»
å å€ã®éã¯æ·»å ãã段éããã³æ·»å å€ã®äœçšã«ã
ã€ãŠå€ããããšãã§ãããããæ ãéžæïœâããª
ã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãæšæãã«ãåããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠæ·»
å ããå Žåã¯ããã®äœ¿çšéã¯æšæ100éšã«å¯ŸããŠ
çŽ0.05ã20éšã«ããã®ã奜ãŸãããç¡«åãŸãã¯äº
ç¡«é žããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯ãéžæïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»
å å€ãæšæ100éšã«å¯ŸããŠçŽ0.5ã10éšã®å²åã§æ·»
å ããã®ã奜ãŸãããå å·¥ç±åŠçãŸãã¯ååŠâæ©
械çæšæãã«ãåããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯ãéžæïœâ
ããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãæšæ100éšã«å¯ŸããŠçŽ0.05ã
ïŒéšã®å²åã§æ·»å ããã®ã奜ãŸãããäžè¬ã«ãè¥
å¹²ã®ïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ã¯æšæå å·¥æ¡ä»¶äžã§å€±
ããã奜ãŸããã¯ãä»å æ·»å å€ãå®åžžç¶æ å埪ç°
æäœã«ãããŠå ããããšãã§ãããïœâããªã¢ãž
ã³æ·»å å€âã»ã«ããŒã¹âãªã°ãã³çµæç©ã¯ãã«ã
åæ¡ä»¶ã«ããä»ã®ãã«ãå å·¥ããã³ãã«ãã«ä¿æ
ããçæçµæç©ã«å¯ŸããŠæçãªäœçšãæããŠã
ãã ïœâããªã¢ãžã³èªå°äœãæŒçœããã»ã¹äžã«æ·»å
ããå Žåã«ã¯ããã®äœ¿çšéã¯æšæãã«ã100éšã«
察ããŠçŽ0.05ãïŒéšã®å²åã«ãããäžè¬ã«ãè¥å¹²
ã®æ·»å å€ã¯æŒçœæ®µéããã³æ¬¡ã®æŽæµæ®µéã«ãããŠ
倱ãã®ã§ãåŸã®å 工段éã§ãäŸãã°ç±æ©æ¢°çãã
ã»ã¹ã«ãããŠããŸãã¯ååŠãŸãã¯ç±æ©æ¢°çããã»
ã¹ã®å©è§£ããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯ç²Ÿç 段éã§æ·»å å€ã®
æå¹éãåŸãããããã«ãä»å æ·»å å€ãæŒçœãã
ã»ã¹ã®çµäºã®éã«æ·»å ããããšãã§ãããæŽã«ã
éžæïœâããªã¢ãžã³çµæç©ã®éãæšæãã«ãã«
100éšåœãçŽ0.05éšä»¥äžç¶æããå Žåã«ã¯ãæçµ
çŽãŸãã¯ãã«ãããã«ãããäœã€ãçŽã¯é«ã匷ã
ç¹æ§ïŒã€ã³ãããã³é¡æä¿çæ§ïŒèæ±æ°Žæ§ããã³
èèæ§ïŒäžŠã³ã«é»æ°çç¹æ§ãæããããšã確ã
ããçŽãé»åè€åã«å¹æçã§ããããã«ããå Žå
ïŒçŽãã€ã³ãã®é»çã«é©å¿ããããã«ããå ŽåïŒ
ã«ã¯ãæ·»å å€ã¯äžè¿°ããæ·»å éã®äžéã®å²åã§å
åšããã®ãç¹ã«æãŸãããäžè¿°ããããã«ããã
ã³åŸè¿°ãã奜é©ãªå ·äœäŸã«ãã€ãŠãææã®ç®çã
éæããããã®ïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ã®å¹æçãª
æ·»å éãéžå®ããããšãã§ããã çŸåšã®ãšãããïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ããã«ã
åããã»ã¹ã®ç°ãªã段éã«ãããŠæçãªäœçšãåŸ
ãããããšã«ã€ããŠç¢ºããããŠããªããããããª
ããããã«ãåããã»ã¹ããã³å©è§£ããã»ã¹ã«ã
ããŠïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãæšæ现è質ãšäœçš
ããç¹ç¶æãã»ã«ããŒã¹ç¹ç¶ããã³æšè³ªæå
ïŒbignaceous componentsïŒã«åé¢ããŠïœâããª
ã¢ãžã³çµæç©ãå«æãããã«ããåŸããããã®ãš
æãããããŸããæŒçœãŸãã¯å©è§£ããã»ã¹ã«ãã
ãŠãïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãåé¢ç¹ç¶ã«çµåãŸã
ã¯å ±æçµåããæ°ŽçŽ ãä»ããŠãªã°ãã³ãŸãã¯ãªã°
ãã³è¢«çã»ã«ããŒã¹ãšäºãã«åå¿ããããšã«ãã€
ãŠç¹ç¶ãåé¢ãããããªããã®ãšæãããããã
ãã®å Žåã«ãããŠããã¡ã©ãã³ãŸãã¯ã¡ã©ãã³èª
å°äœã¯åŠçãããã»ã«ããŒã¹ç¹ç¶ããé€å»ããå¿
èŠããªãããã®ããã«æ·»å å€ãã»ã«ããŒã¹ç¹ç¶ãš
åã«æ··åããŠã¯åŸãããªãåªããç©ççç¹æ§ãåŸ
ãããšãã§ããã 次ã«ãæ¬çºæã奜é©ãªå ·äœäŸã«ã€ããŠèª¬æã
ããå®æœäŸïŒãïŒã¯ãéžæïœâããªãžã¢ã³æ·»å å€
ããã«ã補é ã®æŒçœæ®µéã«ãããŠæ·»å ããããšã«
ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠãããå®æœäŸïŒãïŒã¯ïœâããªã¢
ãžã³æ·»å å€ãç±æ©æ¢°çãã«ãåããã»ã¹ã®ç²Ÿç 段
éäžã«æ·»å ããããšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠãããå®æœ
äŸïŒã¯ïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ããã¹ãâãã«ãå
å©è§£æ®µéã«ãããŠæ·»å ããããšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠ
ãããå®æœäŸïŒã¯ïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãå埪ç°
ããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠæ·»å ããããšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠ
ãããå®æœäŸïŒã¯æ®éã®è£œçŽãã«ã«ãããŠè¡ãè©Š
éšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠãããä»ã®å®æœäŸã«ãããŠ
ã¯ã以äžã«ç€ºãããã«æšæºTAPPIïŒTechnical
Association of the pulp and Paper IndustryïŒ
æ³ã«ãã€ãŠè¡ã€ãçš®ã ã®è©Šéšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠã
ãã
ãè¡šã
å®æœäŸ ïŒ
ãã«ã補é ã®æŒçœæ®µéã«ãããç²åºŠå®å®åå€ãš
ãŠã®ã¡ã©ãã³ ã«ããæ°ïŒKappa NumberïŒ38.7ãæããéæŒ
çœã¯ã©ãã ããã»ã¹ ãã«ããåŸè¿°ããæŒçœåŠ
çã«ãã€ãŠãã«ãã«å¯ŸããŠçš®ã ã®å²åã§ã¹ã«ãã¢
ãã³é žãå°¿çŽ ãŸãã¯ã¡ã©ãã³ã§åŠçãããç¹ã«ã
ãã«ã ã¢ã³ã ããŒã㌠ã±ãã¹ããªãŒ ã¢ã³
ã ã±ãã«ã« ãã¯ãããžãŒïŒãžã¢ã¡ã¹ P.ã«ã»
ã€æ°è 第ïŒç Vol.1ãããŒãž669ïŒ1980ïŒïŒã®
æŒçœæ®µéã«ã€ããŠèšèŒãããŠããïŒïŒ¥ããã³ïŒ€
é ã«ãããããã«åŠçãããæŒçœæ®µéã«ããããª
ã°ãã³ã®é€å»ã¯ã«ããæ°ã®æžå°ãšããŠç€ºãããã è±ãªã°ãã³åïŒæŒçœæ®µéã次ã®ããã«ããŠè¡ã€
ãïŒä¿è·å€ãè¡šã«ç€ºãå²åã§ãã«ãã«æ·»å ãã
å¡©çŽ æ°Žã«ããå¡©çŽ åïŒïŒ£æ®µéïŒã9.66ïŒ å¡©çŽ ãã
ã«ãã«åžžæž©ã§ïŒæéã«ãããïŒïŒ ãã«ã ã³ã³ã·
ã¹ãã³ã·ãŒã§è¡ã€ãã æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã ã«ããèæ§ãœãŒãæœåºããã«
ãã«å¯ŸããŠïŒïŒ NaOHãçšã70âã§ïŒæéã«ãã
ã12ïŒ ãã«ã ã³ã³ã·ã¹ãã³ã·ãŒã§è¡ã€ãã
ClO2ã«ããäºé žåå¡©çŽ æŒçœïŒïŒ€æ®µéïŒããã«ã
ã«å¯ŸããŠ1.5ïŒ ClO2ãçšã70âã§2.5æéã«ããã
12ïŒ ãã«ã ã³ã³ã·ã¹ãã³ã·ãŒã§è¡ã€ãã è¡šã«ã¯ãçš®ã ã®å²åã®ä¿è·å€ãã¯ã©ãã ã
ãã»ã¹ ãã«ãã«æ·»å ããå Žåã«ãããã³ïŒ¥æ®µ
éåŸã®ãããã³ïŒ£ïŒïŒ¥ããã³ïŒ€æ®µéåŸã®ãã«ãç¹
æ§ã瀺ããŠãããè¡šããããã«ãã«å¯ŸããŠçŽ0.25
ïŒ ã®ã¡ã©ãã³ã¯ãããã³ïŒ¥æ®µéåŸã0.5ïŒ ã®ã¹
ã«ãã¢ããé žãšåãããã«å¹æçã§ããããšãã
ããããŸããäºé žåå¡©çŽ æ®µéãéããŠæŒçœãç¶ç¶
ããå ŽåïŒïŒ€æ®µéïŒã§ã¯ãç²åºŠã枬å®ããïŒã€ã®
è©Šéšã§ãç²åºŠã17.1ã®ã¡ã©ãã³ãçšããªãåºæ¬ã®
å Žåããèããé«ãããšããããã
ãŠã®ã¡ã©ãã³ ã«ããæ°ïŒKappa NumberïŒ38.7ãæããéæŒ
çœã¯ã©ãã ããã»ã¹ ãã«ããåŸè¿°ããæŒçœåŠ
çã«ãã€ãŠãã«ãã«å¯ŸããŠçš®ã ã®å²åã§ã¹ã«ãã¢
ãã³é žãå°¿çŽ ãŸãã¯ã¡ã©ãã³ã§åŠçãããç¹ã«ã
ãã«ã ã¢ã³ã ããŒã㌠ã±ãã¹ããªãŒ ã¢ã³
ã ã±ãã«ã« ãã¯ãããžãŒïŒãžã¢ã¡ã¹ P.ã«ã»
ã€æ°è 第ïŒç Vol.1ãããŒãž669ïŒ1980ïŒïŒã®
æŒçœæ®µéã«ã€ããŠèšèŒãããŠããïŒïŒ¥ããã³ïŒ€
é ã«ãããããã«åŠçãããæŒçœæ®µéã«ããããª
ã°ãã³ã®é€å»ã¯ã«ããæ°ã®æžå°ãšããŠç€ºãããã è±ãªã°ãã³åïŒæŒçœæ®µéã次ã®ããã«ããŠè¡ã€
ãïŒä¿è·å€ãè¡šã«ç€ºãå²åã§ãã«ãã«æ·»å ãã
å¡©çŽ æ°Žã«ããå¡©çŽ åïŒïŒ£æ®µéïŒã9.66ïŒ å¡©çŽ ãã
ã«ãã«åžžæž©ã§ïŒæéã«ãããïŒïŒ ãã«ã ã³ã³ã·
ã¹ãã³ã·ãŒã§è¡ã€ãã æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã ã«ããèæ§ãœãŒãæœåºããã«
ãã«å¯ŸããŠïŒïŒ NaOHãçšã70âã§ïŒæéã«ãã
ã12ïŒ ãã«ã ã³ã³ã·ã¹ãã³ã·ãŒã§è¡ã€ãã
ClO2ã«ããäºé žåå¡©çŽ æŒçœïŒïŒ€æ®µéïŒããã«ã
ã«å¯ŸããŠ1.5ïŒ ClO2ãçšã70âã§2.5æéã«ããã
12ïŒ ãã«ã ã³ã³ã·ã¹ãã³ã·ãŒã§è¡ã€ãã è¡šã«ã¯ãçš®ã ã®å²åã®ä¿è·å€ãã¯ã©ãã ã
ãã»ã¹ ãã«ãã«æ·»å ããå Žåã«ãããã³ïŒ¥æ®µ
éåŸã®ãããã³ïŒ£ïŒïŒ¥ããã³ïŒ€æ®µéåŸã®ãã«ãç¹
æ§ã瀺ããŠãããè¡šããããã«ãã«å¯ŸããŠçŽ0.25
ïŒ ã®ã¡ã©ãã³ã¯ãããã³ïŒ¥æ®µéåŸã0.5ïŒ ã®ã¹
ã«ãã¢ããé žãšåãããã«å¹æçã§ããããšãã
ããããŸããäºé žåå¡©çŽ æ®µéãéããŠæŒçœãç¶ç¶
ããå ŽåïŒïŒ€æ®µéïŒã§ã¯ãç²åºŠã枬å®ããïŒã€ã®
è©Šéšã§ãç²åºŠã17.1ã®ã¡ã©ãã³ãçšããªãåºæ¬ã®
å Žåããèããé«ãããšããããã
ãè¡šã
å®æœäŸ ïŒ
å¡©çŽ å段éã«ãããŠçš®ã
ã®æž©åºŠã§çšããç²åºŠå®
å®å€ãšããŠã®ã¡ã©ãã³ ã«ããæ°38.7ãæããéæŒçœã¯ã©ãã ããã»
ã¹ ããŠãæãã«ããå¡©çŽ å段éã«ãããŠã¡ã©ã
ã³ããã³ã¹ã«ãã¢ãã³é žãçšããŠãããã³çšããª
ãã§ïŒ£ââé åºã«ãããŠç°ãªã枩床ã§æŒçœã
ããè¡šã§ã¯ïŒ£â段éåŸã®æ¯èŒãã«ãç¹æ§ã瀺
ããŠãããè¡šã§ã¯ïŒ£ââ段éåŸã®æ¯èŒç¹æ§
ã瀺ããŠããããããã®çµæãããã¡ã©ãã³ã¯æž
å°ã¬ãã«ïŒ0.25ïŒ ïŒã«ãããŠå¡©çŽ åã®é«æž©ã«ãã
ãŠãã¹ã«ãã¢ãã³é žïŒ0.5ïŒ ïŒãšåãããã«å¹æ
çã§ããããšããããã
å®å€ãšããŠã®ã¡ã©ãã³ ã«ããæ°38.7ãæããéæŒçœã¯ã©ãã ããã»
ã¹ ããŠãæãã«ããå¡©çŽ å段éã«ãããŠã¡ã©ã
ã³ããã³ã¹ã«ãã¢ãã³é žãçšããŠãããã³çšããª
ãã§ïŒ£ââé åºã«ãããŠç°ãªã枩床ã§æŒçœã
ããè¡šã§ã¯ïŒ£â段éåŸã®æ¯èŒãã«ãç¹æ§ã瀺
ããŠãããè¡šã§ã¯ïŒ£ââ段éåŸã®æ¯èŒç¹æ§
ã瀺ããŠããããããã®çµæãããã¡ã©ãã³ã¯æž
å°ã¬ãã«ïŒ0.25ïŒ ïŒã«ãããŠå¡©çŽ åã®é«æž©ã«ãã
ãŠãã¹ã«ãã¢ãã³é žïŒ0.5ïŒ ïŒãšåãããã«å¹æ
çã§ããããšããããã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
å®æœäŸ ïŒ
ãã«ãçæã®æ¬¡äºå¡©çŽ é
žå¡©æŒçœæ®µéã«ãããç²
床å®å®å€ãšããŠã®ã¡ã©ãã³ ã«ããæ°38.7ãæããéæŒçœã¯ã©ãã ããã»
ã¹ ããŠãæãã«ãããïŒã€ã®åã ã®è©Šéšã«ãã
ã次äºå¡©çŽ é žå¡©æ®µéïŒïŒšæ®µéïŒã§ã¹ã«ãã¢ãã³é ž
ïŒ0.5ïŒ ïŒãŸãã¯ã¡ã©ãã³ïŒ0.25ïŒ ïŒãçšããŠïŒ£â
âé åºã§æŒçœããã第ïŒã®è©Šéšã¯å¯Ÿç §è©Šéšãš
ããŠæ·»å å€ãæ·»å ããªãã€ããè¡šã«ã¯ãæŒçœã®
次äºå¡©çŽ é žå¡©æ®µéã«ãããŠç²åºŠå®å®åå€ãšããŠã®
ã¡ã©ãã³ã®å¹æã瀺ããŠããã
床å®å®å€ãšããŠã®ã¡ã©ãã³ ã«ããæ°38.7ãæããéæŒçœã¯ã©ãã ããã»
ã¹ ããŠãæãã«ãããïŒã€ã®åã ã®è©Šéšã«ãã
ã次äºå¡©çŽ é žå¡©æ®µéïŒïŒšæ®µéïŒã§ã¹ã«ãã¢ãã³é ž
ïŒ0.5ïŒ ïŒãŸãã¯ã¡ã©ãã³ïŒ0.25ïŒ ïŒãçšããŠïŒ£â
âé åºã§æŒçœããã第ïŒã®è©Šéšã¯å¯Ÿç §è©Šéšãš
ããŠæ·»å å€ãæ·»å ããªãã€ããè¡šã«ã¯ãæŒçœã®
次äºå¡©çŽ é žå¡©æ®µéã«ãããŠç²åºŠå®å®åå€ãšããŠã®
ã¡ã©ãã³ã®å¹æã瀺ããŠããã
ãè¡šã
çµæïŒã¡ã©ãã³ã®äœãæ·»å éã§åŸãç²åºŠãã¹
ã¹ãã¢ãã³é žã®é«ãæ·»å éã§åŸãç²åºŠã«å¹
æµããããšããããã
次ã®å®æœäŸïŒã¯ç±æ©æ¢°çãã«ãåäœæ¥ã®ç¬¬ïŒå
å§ç²Ÿç 段éããã³ç¬¬ïŒå€§æ°ç²Ÿç 段éã«ãããã¡ã©
ãã³ã®äœ¿çšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ éžæããããããã«ãã次ãã§éžå¥ããã©ãã
ãªãŒæŸæïŒloblolly pineïŒãçšããŠãã€ããã
ãã©ã³ãè©Šéšãè¡ã€ããææã¯0.461ïœïŒc.c.ã®æ¯
éããã³41.1ïŒ ã®æ°ŽåãæããŠããããããéžå¥
åæïŒchip screen analysisïŒãè¡ãããã®çµæ
ãè¡šã«ç€ºãã
ã¹ãã¢ãã³é žã®é«ãæ·»å éã§åŸãç²åºŠã«å¹
æµããããšããããã
次ã®å®æœäŸïŒã¯ç±æ©æ¢°çãã«ãåäœæ¥ã®ç¬¬ïŒå
å§ç²Ÿç 段éããã³ç¬¬ïŒå€§æ°ç²Ÿç 段éã«ãããã¡ã©
ãã³ã®äœ¿çšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ éžæããããããã«ãã次ãã§éžå¥ããã©ãã
ãªãŒæŸæïŒloblolly pineïŒãçšããŠãã€ããã
ãã©ã³ãè©Šéšãè¡ã€ããææã¯0.461ïœïŒc.c.ã®æ¯
éããã³41.1ïŒ ã®æ°ŽåãæããŠããããããéžå¥
åæïŒchip screen analysisïŒãè¡ãããã®çµæ
ãè¡šã«ç€ºãã
ãè¡šã
ããããèžè§£ããŸã«ãããŠ2.11KgïŒcm2
ïŒ30psigïŒã®èžæ°ã§ïŒåéã«ãããäºåèžç ®ã
ïŒpresteamedïŒã第ïŒãªãã¢ã€ããŒã§2.11KgïŒcm2
ïŒ30psigïŒã®å§åäžã§ç²Ÿç ããïŒrefinedïŒã第ïŒ
ãªãã¢ã€ããŒã«ã¯31104ïŒïŒ R0869MCãã¬ãŒã
ãå ·ããâããŠãšã«å418å å§äºéãã€ã¹ã¯
ãªãã¢ã€ããŒïŒïŒ£âããŠãšã«ç€ŸïŒïŒ£â
BauerïŒã䜿çšãããå¯Ÿç §è©Šéšã«ãããŠã¯ãè©Šéš
äžè¬åãæ·»å ããªãã€ããã¡ã©ãã³ã¯ãã©ã° ã¯
ã€ããŒã§ä¹Ÿç¥æšæ100éééšã«å¯ŸããŠã¡ã©ãã³1.4
éééšã®å²åã§æº¶æ¶²ç¶æ ã«ããŠæ·»å ããã 第ïŒæ®µéãã«ããç°ãªããããã«åå²ããçš®ã
ã®æ¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒåºåãæãã第ïŒæ®µé倧æ°ãªãã¢
ã€ããŒã«ãããŠç²Ÿç ããã第ïŒæ®µéãªãã¢ã€ããŒ
ã«ã¯3610Xãã¬ãŒããå ·ããâããŠãšã«å
401倧æ°äºéãã€ã¹ã¯ ãªãã¢ã€ããŒãçšããã çæãã«ããæšæºTAPPIåŠçã«ãã€ãŠè©Šææ¡
åããäžè¿°ããTAPPIæ³ã«ããã«ããæšæºå©è§£
床ïŒCanadian Standard FreenessïŒããœã¡ã«ãã¬
ã·ãŒãã¹ïŒSomerville ShivesïŒãããŠãšã«âãã
ã¯ãããåé¡ïŒBauerâMcNett
classificationsïŒãããã³ç©ççããã³å åŠçç¹
æ§ã«ã€ããŠè©Šéšããããããã®çµæãè¡šã«ç€º
ãã
ïŒ30psigïŒã®èžæ°ã§ïŒåéã«ãããäºåèžç ®ã
ïŒpresteamedïŒã第ïŒãªãã¢ã€ããŒã§2.11KgïŒcm2
ïŒ30psigïŒã®å§åäžã§ç²Ÿç ããïŒrefinedïŒã第ïŒ
ãªãã¢ã€ããŒã«ã¯31104ïŒïŒ R0869MCãã¬ãŒã
ãå ·ããâããŠãšã«å418å å§äºéãã€ã¹ã¯
ãªãã¢ã€ããŒïŒïŒ£âããŠãšã«ç€ŸïŒïŒ£â
BauerïŒã䜿çšãããå¯Ÿç §è©Šéšã«ãããŠã¯ãè©Šéš
äžè¬åãæ·»å ããªãã€ããã¡ã©ãã³ã¯ãã©ã° ã¯
ã€ããŒã§ä¹Ÿç¥æšæ100éééšã«å¯ŸããŠã¡ã©ãã³1.4
éééšã®å²åã§æº¶æ¶²ç¶æ ã«ããŠæ·»å ããã 第ïŒæ®µéãã«ããç°ãªããããã«åå²ããçš®ã
ã®æ¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒåºåãæãã第ïŒæ®µé倧æ°ãªãã¢
ã€ããŒã«ãããŠç²Ÿç ããã第ïŒæ®µéãªãã¢ã€ããŒ
ã«ã¯3610Xãã¬ãŒããå ·ããâããŠãšã«å
401倧æ°äºéãã€ã¹ã¯ ãªãã¢ã€ããŒãçšããã çæãã«ããæšæºTAPPIåŠçã«ãã€ãŠè©Šææ¡
åããäžè¿°ããTAPPIæ³ã«ããã«ããæšæºå©è§£
床ïŒCanadian Standard FreenessïŒããœã¡ã«ãã¬
ã·ãŒãã¹ïŒSomerville ShivesïŒãããŠãšã«âãã
ã¯ãããåé¡ïŒBauerâMcNett
classificationsïŒãããã³ç©ççããã³å åŠçç¹
æ§ã«ã€ããŠè©Šéšããããããã®çµæãè¡šã«ç€º
ãã
ãè¡šã
è¡šã®çµæããã粟ç ã¯ã¡ã©ãã³ã®ååšã«ãã
ãŠããããããã€éããã«è¡ãããšãã§ããããš
ããããããŸããäœãšãã«ã®ãŒã§åœéå©è§£åºŠ
ïŒequivalent freenessïŒãéæã§ããããšããã
ãããã®è©Šéšã«ãããŠãæ¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒïŒBHPDïŒ
ADTïŒã117HPã«ããŠã¡ã©ãã³æ·»å ããªãã§200
ã®å©è§£åºŠãåŸãã®ã«å¯ŸããŠã粟ç æ·»å å€ãšããŠã¡
ã©ãã³ã第ïŒãªãã¢ã€ããŒã«æ·»å ããå Žåã«ã¯
103HPã ãã§åãå©è§£åºŠãåŸãããšãã§ããããŸ
ããã·ãŒãã¹ã®çæãå°ãªãã€ããåŒè£ãç Žè£ã
ãã³åŒåŒµåŒ·ããäœãæ¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒåºåã§ç¶æã§
ãããã®äºã¯éèŠãªããšã§ããããã«ãã®å åŠç¹
æ§ã«ãããŠã圱é¿ããªãã€ãããŸããä¹³çœåºŠãŸã
ã¯çœè²åºŠã«ãå€åã芳å¯ãããªãã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã«ãããŠåŸãç±æ©æ¢°ççæãã«ããçš
ããŠæŒçœã®åŠãåŸåŠçã«ãããã¡ã©ãã³ã®å¹æã
è©äŸ¡ããã ãã«ãè©Šæãããªãã¡ãå¯Ÿç §è©ŠæïŒã¡ã©ãã³ç¡
æ·»å ïŒããã³è©Šéšè©ŠæïŒç¬¬ïŒãªãã¢ã€ããŒã®ãã©
ã° ã¯ã€ããŒã«ãããŠ1.4ïŒ ã¡ã©ãã³æ·»å ïŒãïŒ
ã€ã®åè©Šéšã«ãããŠH2O2ïŒãã«ãã«å¯ŸããŠïŒé
éïŒ ïŒãçšãçªé žãããªãŠã ïŒãã«ãã«å¯ŸããŠ40
ïŒ çªé žãããªãŠã 溶液ãïŒïŒ ïŒãç¡«é žãã°ãã·ãŠ
ã ïŒãã«ãã«å¯ŸããŠ0.05ïŒ ïŒããã³æ°Žé žåãããª
ãŠã ïŒãã«ãã«å¯ŸããŠ1.25ïŒ ïŒã®ååšã§æŒçœã
ããåå¿ã¯10ïŒ ãã«ã ã³ã³ã·ã¹ãã³ã·ãŒã§60â
±ïŒâã§ïŒæéã«ãããè¡ã€ãããã«ãã®æåã®
PHã¯10.0ã§ãããïŒæéã®çµãã§9.6ã§ãã€ãã å¯Ÿç §ãã«ãã®å Žåã«åŸãããçœè²åºŠã¯51.5ã§ã
æ£ä¹±ä¿æ°ã¯38.9m2ïŒKgã§ãã€ãããã¡ã©ãã³åŠç
ãã«ãã®å Žåã«ã¯çœè²åºŠã55.8ã§ãæ£ä¹±ä¿æ°ã
47.9m2ïŒKgã§ãã€ãã ãããã®ç¹æ§ã¯ãã«ãã«ã¡ã©ãã³ãååšããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠåŸåŠçã®æŒçœäœçšãé«ããããšã瀺ã
ãŠããã 次ã®å®æœäŸïŒã§ã¯PFIãã«ãçšããçš®ã ã®ããŒ
ã¿ãŒæ·»å å€ã®æ¯èŒã«ã€ããŠèª¬æãããPFIãã«ã¯
æšæãã«ãã®ç²Ÿç ç¹æ§ã調ã¹ãã®ã«çšããäºäžã®
å®éšå®€çèŠæš¡ã®è£ 眮ãçšããããã®è©Šéšã«ãã
ãŠãããŒã¿ãŒã®å転æ°ãèšé²ããå šå転æ°ã«ãã
ãŠåŸããããã«ãã®å©è§£åºŠã枬å®ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ éæŒçœããŠãæã¯ã©ãã ãã«ãããã³æŒçœã
ãŠãæã¯ã©ãã ãã«ããå®éšå®€çèŠæš¡ã®ãã«ã
å©è§£è£ 眮ïŒPFIãã«ïŒããŒããŒã€ã³ãã¹ããªãšã³
ã¹ ããªãŒã¹ãã³ã°ã€ã³ã¹ãã€ããŠãïŒãã«ãŠãš
ãŒåœïŒãªã¹ãïŒTAAPIã¹ã¿ã³ããŒã248pmâ
74ïŒã§ç²Ÿç ããããã«ããæ·»å å€ãå ããã«ã³ã³
ãŽãŒã¬ãã1.7éééšïŒãã«ã100éééšã«å¯Ÿã
ãŠïŒãçšããŠç²Ÿç ãïŒãŸãã¡ã©ãã³1.5éééš
ïŒãã«ã100éééšã«å¯ŸããŠïŒããŸãã¯ããã·ãªã³
ã€ãšããŒïŒProcion YellowïŒïŒâRSç¹ç¶åå¿
ææïŒICIã±ãã«ã«ã¹ ã€ã³ã³ãŒãã¬ãŒã·ãšã³
補ïŒïŒãã«ã100éééšã«å¯ŸããŠïŒãçšããŠç²Ÿç ã
ããç¹ç¶åå¿ææã®å Žåã«ãããæè²åŠçã¯PH
10.5ããã³é«NaClã¬ããªã³ã§è¡ã€ããNaClã¯ã
ã«ããšçéã§çšãããPFIãã«ã§ã¯å šéé250ïœ
ãŸã§ã®æžæ¿ç©ïŒããªãã¡ã10ïŒ ã³ã³ã·ã¹ãã³ã·
ãŒïŒãäœã25ïœã®ãã«ããçšããã éæŒçœããŠãæã¯ã©ãã ãã«ãã粟ç ãã
PFIãã«ã«ãããæ°çš®ã®æ·»å å€ã®ã«ããæšæºå©è§£
床ãåŒåŒµææ°ãç Žè£ææ°ãåŒè£ææ°ããã³MIT
èæ匷ãã«ã€ããŠã®çµæãè¡šã«ç€ºãã
ãŠããããããã€éããã«è¡ãããšãã§ããããš
ããããããŸããäœãšãã«ã®ãŒã§åœéå©è§£åºŠ
ïŒequivalent freenessïŒãéæã§ããããšããã
ãããã®è©Šéšã«ãããŠãæ¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒïŒBHPDïŒ
ADTïŒã117HPã«ããŠã¡ã©ãã³æ·»å ããªãã§200
ã®å©è§£åºŠãåŸãã®ã«å¯ŸããŠã粟ç æ·»å å€ãšããŠã¡
ã©ãã³ã第ïŒãªãã¢ã€ããŒã«æ·»å ããå Žåã«ã¯
103HPã ãã§åãå©è§£åºŠãåŸãããšãã§ããããŸ
ããã·ãŒãã¹ã®çæãå°ãªãã€ããåŒè£ãç Žè£ã
ãã³åŒåŒµåŒ·ããäœãæ¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒåºåã§ç¶æã§
ãããã®äºã¯éèŠãªããšã§ããããã«ãã®å åŠç¹
æ§ã«ãããŠã圱é¿ããªãã€ãããŸããä¹³çœåºŠãŸã
ã¯çœè²åºŠã«ãå€åã芳å¯ãããªãã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã«ãããŠåŸãç±æ©æ¢°ççæãã«ããçš
ããŠæŒçœã®åŠãåŸåŠçã«ãããã¡ã©ãã³ã®å¹æã
è©äŸ¡ããã ãã«ãè©Šæãããªãã¡ãå¯Ÿç §è©ŠæïŒã¡ã©ãã³ç¡
æ·»å ïŒããã³è©Šéšè©ŠæïŒç¬¬ïŒãªãã¢ã€ããŒã®ãã©
ã° ã¯ã€ããŒã«ãããŠ1.4ïŒ ã¡ã©ãã³æ·»å ïŒãïŒ
ã€ã®åè©Šéšã«ãããŠH2O2ïŒãã«ãã«å¯ŸããŠïŒé
éïŒ ïŒãçšãçªé žãããªãŠã ïŒãã«ãã«å¯ŸããŠ40
ïŒ çªé žãããªãŠã 溶液ãïŒïŒ ïŒãç¡«é žãã°ãã·ãŠ
ã ïŒãã«ãã«å¯ŸããŠ0.05ïŒ ïŒããã³æ°Žé žåãããª
ãŠã ïŒãã«ãã«å¯ŸããŠ1.25ïŒ ïŒã®ååšã§æŒçœã
ããåå¿ã¯10ïŒ ãã«ã ã³ã³ã·ã¹ãã³ã·ãŒã§60â
±ïŒâã§ïŒæéã«ãããè¡ã€ãããã«ãã®æåã®
PHã¯10.0ã§ãããïŒæéã®çµãã§9.6ã§ãã€ãã å¯Ÿç §ãã«ãã®å Žåã«åŸãããçœè²åºŠã¯51.5ã§ã
æ£ä¹±ä¿æ°ã¯38.9m2ïŒKgã§ãã€ãããã¡ã©ãã³åŠç
ãã«ãã®å Žåã«ã¯çœè²åºŠã55.8ã§ãæ£ä¹±ä¿æ°ã
47.9m2ïŒKgã§ãã€ãã ãããã®ç¹æ§ã¯ãã«ãã«ã¡ã©ãã³ãååšããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠåŸåŠçã®æŒçœäœçšãé«ããããšã瀺ã
ãŠããã 次ã®å®æœäŸïŒã§ã¯PFIãã«ãçšããçš®ã ã®ããŒ
ã¿ãŒæ·»å å€ã®æ¯èŒã«ã€ããŠèª¬æãããPFIãã«ã¯
æšæãã«ãã®ç²Ÿç ç¹æ§ã調ã¹ãã®ã«çšããäºäžã®
å®éšå®€çèŠæš¡ã®è£ 眮ãçšããããã®è©Šéšã«ãã
ãŠãããŒã¿ãŒã®å転æ°ãèšé²ããå šå転æ°ã«ãã
ãŠåŸããããã«ãã®å©è§£åºŠã枬å®ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ éæŒçœããŠãæã¯ã©ãã ãã«ãããã³æŒçœã
ãŠãæã¯ã©ãã ãã«ããå®éšå®€çèŠæš¡ã®ãã«ã
å©è§£è£ 眮ïŒPFIãã«ïŒããŒããŒã€ã³ãã¹ããªãšã³
ã¹ ããªãŒã¹ãã³ã°ã€ã³ã¹ãã€ããŠãïŒãã«ãŠãš
ãŒåœïŒãªã¹ãïŒTAAPIã¹ã¿ã³ããŒã248pmâ
74ïŒã§ç²Ÿç ããããã«ããæ·»å å€ãå ããã«ã³ã³
ãŽãŒã¬ãã1.7éééšïŒãã«ã100éééšã«å¯Ÿã
ãŠïŒãçšããŠç²Ÿç ãïŒãŸãã¡ã©ãã³1.5éééš
ïŒãã«ã100éééšã«å¯ŸããŠïŒããŸãã¯ããã·ãªã³
ã€ãšããŒïŒProcion YellowïŒïŒâRSç¹ç¶åå¿
ææïŒICIã±ãã«ã«ã¹ ã€ã³ã³ãŒãã¬ãŒã·ãšã³
補ïŒïŒãã«ã100éééšã«å¯ŸããŠïŒãçšããŠç²Ÿç ã
ããç¹ç¶åå¿ææã®å Žåã«ãããæè²åŠçã¯PH
10.5ããã³é«NaClã¬ããªã³ã§è¡ã€ããNaClã¯ã
ã«ããšçéã§çšãããPFIãã«ã§ã¯å šéé250ïœ
ãŸã§ã®æžæ¿ç©ïŒããªãã¡ã10ïŒ ã³ã³ã·ã¹ãã³ã·
ãŒïŒãäœã25ïœã®ãã«ããçšããã éæŒçœããŠãæã¯ã©ãã ãã«ãã粟ç ãã
PFIãã«ã«ãããæ°çš®ã®æ·»å å€ã®ã«ããæšæºå©è§£
床ãåŒåŒµææ°ãç Žè£ææ°ãåŒè£ææ°ããã³MIT
èæ匷ãã«ã€ããŠã®çµæãè¡šã«ç€ºãã
ãè¡šã
è¡šã«ãããåå
šå転æ°ã§ã®CSFå©è§£åºŠã«ã€
ããŠè©Šéšã§ãã¡ã©ãã³ãååšããå Žåã«ã¯ãäŸã
ã°500ïŒ400ãŸãã¯300mLã®ã¬ãã«ã§ã®å©è§£åºŠã®æ
ãŸããã¬ãã«ãäœå転æ°ã§éæã§ããã è¡šã«ããã匷ãç¹æ§ïŒåŒåŒµææ°ãç Žè£ææ°ã
åŒè£ææ°ããã³MITèäºéæ匷ããŸãã¯èæ匷
ãïŒã®è©Šéšã§ãã¡ã©ãã³æ·»å ã«ããä»»æã®äžãã
ãã粟ç ã¬ãã«ã§åªãã匷ãç¹æ§ãåŸãããã ã«ããæšæºå©è§£åºŠãåŒåŒµææ°ãç Žè£ææ°ãåŒè£
ææ°ããã³MITèäºéæ匷ãã«é¢ããæŒçœããŠ
ãæã¯ã©ãã ãã«ãã粟ç ããPFIãã«ã«ãã
ãäºäžã®æ·»å å€ã®å¹æãè¡šã«ç€ºãã
ããŠè©Šéšã§ãã¡ã©ãã³ãååšããå Žåã«ã¯ãäŸã
ã°500ïŒ400ãŸãã¯300mLã®ã¬ãã«ã§ã®å©è§£åºŠã®æ
ãŸããã¬ãã«ãäœå転æ°ã§éæã§ããã è¡šã«ããã匷ãç¹æ§ïŒåŒåŒµææ°ãç Žè£ææ°ã
åŒè£ææ°ããã³MITèäºéæ匷ããŸãã¯èæ匷
ãïŒã®è©Šéšã§ãã¡ã©ãã³æ·»å ã«ããä»»æã®äžãã
ãã粟ç ã¬ãã«ã§åªãã匷ãç¹æ§ãåŸãããã ã«ããæšæºå©è§£åºŠãåŒåŒµææ°ãç Žè£ææ°ãåŒè£
ææ°ããã³MITèäºéæ匷ãã«é¢ããæŒçœããŠ
ãæã¯ã©ãã ãã«ãã粟ç ããPFIãã«ã«ãã
ãäºäžã®æ·»å å€ã®å¹æãè¡šã«ç€ºãã
ãè¡šã
è¡šã«ãããåå
šå転æ°ã§ã®CSFå©è§£åºŠã®è©Š
éšã§ãã¡ã©ãã³ãååšããå Žåã«ã¯ãäŸãã°
500ïŒ400ãŸãã¯300mLã®ã¬ãã«ã§ã®å©è§£åºŠã®æã
ãã¬ãã«ãäœå転æ°ã§éæã§ãããè¡šã«ããã
匷ãç¹æ§ã®è©Šéšã§ãã¡ã©ãã³æ·»å ã«ããä»»æã®äž
ãããã粟ç ã¬ãã«ã§åªãã匷ãç¹æ§ãåŸãã
ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ åã«äœ¿çšããçŽãå埪ç°ããã補çŽçšãã«ãã®
æ°Žæ§ã¹ã©ãªãŒããã¡ã©ãã³ã®æ°Žæ§ã¹ã©ãªãŒãšã
ãŠãã«ãã«æ·»å ããã¡ã©ãã³ãšèæ§ã¢ã«ã«ãªã
çšããŠäœã€ãã次ãã§ã補çŽçšãã«ããåååŒã
ã«ãåæäœã«ãããŠèæ§ã¢ã«ã«ãªããã³ã¡ã©ãã³
æ·»å å€ãçšããã€ã³ãããã³å¢éå€ãã»ã«ããŒã¹
ãã«ãç¹ç¶ããéžæçã«åé¢ããæ¡ä»¶äžã§å©è§£
ãããã¡ã©ãã³æ·»å å€èæ§ã¢ã«ã«ãª ãã«ãã«æ·»
å ããããšã«ãããç¹ç¶åŒ·ãã®äœäžããªãé«å質
ãã«ããåŸãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ éåžžã®ãã©ã³ãã«ãããŠïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€
ã䜿çšããå®æœå¯èœæ§ã調ã¹ãããã«ãã¡ã©ãã³
ãéåžžã®ãã©ã³ãè©Šéšã«äœ¿çšããããã®è©Šéšã«
ãããŠãã¡ã©ãã³ãå¡©çŽ åæŒçœæ®µéäžã«ãã«ã
ææ100éšã«å¯ŸããŠ0.25éšã®å²åã§æ·»å ãããã
ã®è©Šéšçµæãè¡šã«ç€ºãã
éšã§ãã¡ã©ãã³ãååšããå Žåã«ã¯ãäŸãã°
500ïŒ400ãŸãã¯300mLã®ã¬ãã«ã§ã®å©è§£åºŠã®æã
ãã¬ãã«ãäœå転æ°ã§éæã§ãããè¡šã«ããã
匷ãç¹æ§ã®è©Šéšã§ãã¡ã©ãã³æ·»å ã«ããä»»æã®äž
ãããã粟ç ã¬ãã«ã§åªãã匷ãç¹æ§ãåŸãã
ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ åã«äœ¿çšããçŽãå埪ç°ããã補çŽçšãã«ãã®
æ°Žæ§ã¹ã©ãªãŒããã¡ã©ãã³ã®æ°Žæ§ã¹ã©ãªãŒãšã
ãŠãã«ãã«æ·»å ããã¡ã©ãã³ãšèæ§ã¢ã«ã«ãªã
çšããŠäœã€ãã次ãã§ã補çŽçšãã«ããåååŒã
ã«ãåæäœã«ãããŠèæ§ã¢ã«ã«ãªããã³ã¡ã©ãã³
æ·»å å€ãçšããã€ã³ãããã³å¢éå€ãã»ã«ããŒã¹
ãã«ãç¹ç¶ããéžæçã«åé¢ããæ¡ä»¶äžã§å©è§£
ãããã¡ã©ãã³æ·»å å€èæ§ã¢ã«ã«ãª ãã«ãã«æ·»
å ããããšã«ãããç¹ç¶åŒ·ãã®äœäžããªãé«å質
ãã«ããåŸãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ éåžžã®ãã©ã³ãã«ãããŠïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€
ã䜿çšããå®æœå¯èœæ§ã調ã¹ãããã«ãã¡ã©ãã³
ãéåžžã®ãã©ã³ãè©Šéšã«äœ¿çšããããã®è©Šéšã«
ãããŠãã¡ã©ãã³ãå¡©çŽ åæŒçœæ®µéäžã«ãã«ã
ææ100éšã«å¯ŸããŠ0.25éšã®å²åã§æ·»å ãããã
ã®è©Šéšçµæãè¡šã«ç€ºãã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
è¡šã®çµæã¯ã¡ã©ãã³æ·»å å€ãçšããå Žåã«ã
é«ãåŒåŒµãåŒè£ããã³ç Žè£åŒ·ããæãããã«ãã
åŸãããããšã瀺ããŠãããåŒè£ããã³ç Žè£åŒ·ã
ãèããåäžããããšã¯ãç¹ã«é©ãã¹ãããšã§ã
ãããã®äºã¯ãéåžžãç Žè£åŒ·ãã®äœäžã®çµæãšã
ãŠæ¹è¯åŒè£åŒ·ããåŸãããïŒãŸãã¯ãã®éãšã
ãŠïŒãšäºæ³ãããŠããããšãã極ããŠåªããå©ç¹
ã§ããã äžè¿°ãã奜é©ãªå ·äœäŸã«ãããŠãäžèšå®æœäŸã«
ãããŠçšããã¡ã©ãã³ã¯ã¡ã©ãã³ããã³ã¡ã©ãã³
ã®å¡©ãšçœ®æããŠåæ§ã®åªããçµæãåŸãããšã
ã§ãããæŽã«ãã¡ã©ãã³ã¯ã¢ã³ã¡ãªã³ã§çœ®æãã
ããšãã§ãããæŽã«ãæšæãã«ããã¢ã³ã¡ãªã³ã§
åŠçããŠåŸãæ¹è¯ãããçµæã¯ã¡ã©ãã³ãŸãã¯ã¡
ã©ãã³ã®å Žåãã幟åäœãããšã確ãããæŽ
ã«ããŸãæ·»å å€ã¯ååŠçå å·¥ããã³ç±æ©æ¢°çâå
åŠçå å·¥ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ã¿ã€ããå å«ããä»ã®æšæã
ã«ãåããã»ã¹ã«å¹æçã«çšããããšãã§ããã äžè¿°ããããã«ïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãå«æã
ãæšæãã«ãããäœã€ãçŽè£œåã¯åªããè²ããã³
çœè²åºŠã瀺ãããã€å埪ç°ãã¹ãçŽã®è±ã€ã³ã
æ§ãå°å·æ§ãã€ã³ãããã³é¡æä¿çæ§ã也湿匷
ããèæ±æ°Žããã³èèæ§ãå¯ææ§ãããã³é»åè€
åæ³ã«äœ¿çšããçŽã«èš±å®¹ããããé»æ°çç¹æ§ã«é¢
ããåªããç¹æ§ãæããããšã確ããã äžè¿°ã«ãããŠãæ¬çºæã®å¥œé©ãªäŸã«ã€ããŠèª¬æ
ããããæ¬çºæã¯æ¬æ现æžããã³ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²
ã®èšèŒãéžè±ããªãããããçš®ã å€æŽãå ããã
ãšãã§ããã
é«ãåŒåŒµãåŒè£ããã³ç Žè£åŒ·ããæãããã«ãã
åŸãããããšã瀺ããŠãããåŒè£ããã³ç Žè£åŒ·ã
ãèããåäžããããšã¯ãç¹ã«é©ãã¹ãããšã§ã
ãããã®äºã¯ãéåžžãç Žè£åŒ·ãã®äœäžã®çµæãšã
ãŠæ¹è¯åŒè£åŒ·ããåŸãããïŒãŸãã¯ãã®éãšã
ãŠïŒãšäºæ³ãããŠããããšãã極ããŠåªããå©ç¹
ã§ããã äžè¿°ãã奜é©ãªå ·äœäŸã«ãããŠãäžèšå®æœäŸã«
ãããŠçšããã¡ã©ãã³ã¯ã¡ã©ãã³ããã³ã¡ã©ãã³
ã®å¡©ãšçœ®æããŠåæ§ã®åªããçµæãåŸãããšã
ã§ãããæŽã«ãã¡ã©ãã³ã¯ã¢ã³ã¡ãªã³ã§çœ®æãã
ããšãã§ãããæŽã«ãæšæãã«ããã¢ã³ã¡ãªã³ã§
åŠçããŠåŸãæ¹è¯ãããçµæã¯ã¡ã©ãã³ãŸãã¯ã¡
ã©ãã³ã®å Žåãã幟åäœãããšã確ãããæŽ
ã«ããŸãæ·»å å€ã¯ååŠçå å·¥ããã³ç±æ©æ¢°çâå
åŠçå å·¥ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ã¿ã€ããå å«ããä»ã®æšæã
ã«ãåããã»ã¹ã«å¹æçã«çšããããšãã§ããã äžè¿°ããããã«ïœâããªã¢ãžã³æ·»å å€ãå«æã
ãæšæãã«ãããäœã€ãçŽè£œåã¯åªããè²ããã³
çœè²åºŠã瀺ãããã€å埪ç°ãã¹ãçŽã®è±ã€ã³ã
æ§ãå°å·æ§ãã€ã³ãããã³é¡æä¿çæ§ã也湿匷
ããèæ±æ°Žããã³èèæ§ãå¯ææ§ãããã³é»åè€
åæ³ã«äœ¿çšããçŽã«èš±å®¹ããããé»æ°çç¹æ§ã«é¢
ããåªããç¹æ§ãæããããšã確ããã äžè¿°ã«ãããŠãæ¬çºæã®å¥œé©ãªäŸã«ã€ããŠèª¬æ
ããããæ¬çºæã¯æ¬æ现æžããã³ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²
ã®èšèŒãéžè±ããªãããããçš®ã å€æŽãå ããã
ãšãã§ããã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ åŒïŒ ïŒåŒäžãã¯âNH2ãŸãã¯âOHã瀺ãïŒã§è¡š
ããããïœâããªã¢ãžã³ååç©ãæšæã«ã該æšæ
ãæšæãã«ãã«åŠçãã段éã®éã«æ·»å ãããã®
åŠçã®ç¶ç¶äžãåèšïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãä»ã®æ·»å å€
ã®äžååšã«ãããŠåèšæšæã®æšæãã«ããžã®ãã«
ãåãæ¹è¯ããã®ã«å¹æçãªéã§æ·»å ããããšã
ç¹åŸŽãšããæšæãæšæãã«ãã«åŠçããæ¹æ³ã ïŒ åŒïŒ ïŒåŒäžãã¯âNH2ãŸãã¯âOHã瀺ãïŒã§è¡š
ããããïœâããªã¢ãžã³ååç©ãä»ã®æ·»å å€ã®äž
ååšã§æšæãã«ããšæ¥è§Šãããåèšæšæãã«ãã«
æšæãã«ãã®ç¹æ§ãé«ããå¹æçãªéã§æšæãã«
ãã«ååšãããŠçæããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæšæã
ã«ãã ïŒ åèšïœâããªã¢ãžã³ååç©ãã¡ã©ãã³ãšãã
ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æšæãã«ãã ïŒ åŒïŒ ïŒåŒäžãã¯âNH2ãŸãã¯âOHã瀺ãïŒã§è¡š
ããããïœâããªã¢ãžã³ååç©ãçŽ0.025ãïŒïŒ
ã®å²åã§ååšãããã»ã«ããŒã¹ãçŽ70ã99.9ïŒ ã®
å²åã§ååšãããããã³ãªã°ãã³ãçŽ0.1ã30ïŒ
ã®å²åã§ååšãããã»ã«ããŒã¹ã»ãªã°ãã³ã»ïœâ
ããªã¢ãžã³ãããªãããšãç¹åŸŽãšããïœâããªã¢
ãžã³çµæç©ã
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US537927 | 1983-09-30 | ||
US537926 | 1983-09-30 | ||
US06/537,876 US4487656A (en) | 1983-09-30 | 1983-09-30 | Process for bleaching paper pulp using melamine as a viscosity stabilizer |
US537876 | 1983-09-30 | ||
US651751 | 1984-09-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS60104591A JPS60104591A (ja) | 1985-06-08 |
JPS6262196B2 true JPS6262196B2 (ja) | 1987-12-25 |
Family
ID=24144468
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP59202103A Granted JPS60104591A (ja) | 1983-09-30 | 1984-09-28 | æšæããã³æšæãã«ãã®åŠçæ¹æ³ããã³ããããåŸãæšæãã«ã |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4487656A (ja) |
JP (1) | JPS60104591A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4526651A (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1985-07-02 | Melamine Chemicals, Inc. | Process for oxygen bleaching paper pulp using melamine as a viscosity stabilizer |
US4740212A (en) * | 1985-11-25 | 1988-04-26 | Quantum Technologies, Inc. | Process and composition for bleaching cellulosic material with hypochlorous acid |
DE3923728A1 (de) * | 1989-07-18 | 1991-01-24 | Degussa | Verfahren zur stabilisierung der viskositaet von zellstoffen |
US6153300A (en) | 1994-04-18 | 2000-11-28 | Ahlstrom Machinery, Inc. | Bleaching cellulose pulp having cleanliness which varies significantly over time using at least two different bleaching stages and bleaching chemicals |
EP0881326B1 (de) * | 1997-05-30 | 2001-10-17 | Papierfabrik Schoeller & Hoesch Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gebleichten Spezialzellstoffen |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5123312A (en) * | 1974-08-13 | 1976-02-24 | Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co | Nannenshino seizohoho |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3308012A (en) * | 1963-08-19 | 1967-03-07 | Du Pont | Use of sulfamic acid in chlorination step of multistage bleaching process |
SU794100A1 (ru) * | 1977-08-11 | 1981-01-07 | ÐÐœÑÑОÑÑÑ Ð€ÐžÐ·ÐžÐºÐŸ-ÐÑгаМОÑеÑÐºÐŸÐ¹Ñ ÐžÐŒÐžÐž Ah ÐелПÑÑÑÑкПй Ccp | СпПÑПб пПлÑÑеМО ÑеллÑÐ»ÐŸÐ·Ñ |
JPS5795392A (en) * | 1980-12-03 | 1982-06-14 | Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co | Alkali pulping method |
-
1983
- 1983-09-30 US US06/537,876 patent/US4487656A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1984
- 1984-09-28 JP JP59202103A patent/JPS60104591A/ja active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5123312A (en) * | 1974-08-13 | 1976-02-24 | Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co | Nannenshino seizohoho |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4487656A (en) | 1984-12-11 |
JPS60104591A (ja) | 1985-06-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7691227B2 (en) | Bleached, mechanical paper pulp and the production method therefor | |
CN104981568B (zh) | ç产溶解æµçæ¹æ³ã溶解æµä»¥åæ¹æ³ççšé | |
US4798651A (en) | Process for preparing pulp for paper making | |
US4431479A (en) | Process for improving and retaining pulp properties | |
JPH05503966A (ja) | ïœïœïœããã»ã¹ | |
EP2569481B1 (en) | Freeness of paper products | |
US4502918A (en) | Two-stage chemical treatment of mechanical wood pulp with sodium sulfite | |
SE538752C2 (en) | Process for the production of a treated pulp, treated pulp, and textile fibers produced from the treated pulp | |
US20110168345A1 (en) | Method of producing paper and cardboard | |
CA2634202C (en) | Wood-based lignocellulosic fibrous material | |
US5007985A (en) | Method of reducing the energy consumption at the refining of cellulose containing material | |
US3919041A (en) | Multi-stage chlorine dioxide delignification of wood pulp | |
JPS6262196B2 (ja) | ||
USRE28777E (en) | Refining of vegetable matter and delignification of the refined matter with chlorine dioxide | |
US3591451A (en) | Pretreatment of vegetable matter and delignification of the refined matter with chloring dioxide | |
FI74082C (fi) | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av massa av ved innehaollande s-triazin samt massa av ved och papper innehaollande s-triazin. | |
US2065395A (en) | Fractured wood fiber product | |
CA1234802A (en) | Process for producing wood pulp utilizing an s-triazine additive, and an improved wood pulp and paper containing an s-triazine | |
US4526651A (en) | Process for oxygen bleaching paper pulp using melamine as a viscosity stabilizer | |
US1809286A (en) | Pulp of high whiteness and strength and process of producing same | |
EP0957198A1 (en) | Chemical pulping process | |
EP0096460A2 (en) | Process for improving and retaining pulp properties | |
Lamminen | Understanding the fines in BCTMP process | |
US1644447A (en) | Treatment of paper pulp | |
CA2691460C (en) | Continuous digestion of chip blends containing a western red cedar chip furnish |