JPS62500466A - Cold energy storage device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] cold energy storage The present invention relates to a storage device for cold energy.

Storage of cold heat by extracting the latent heat of ``melting-depletion'' of the eutectic of water or salt hydrate It is publicly known that this is possible. Regarding this matter, please refer to number 2490800. Reference may be made to French Patent No. 8006130, published previously.

On the other hand, eutectic solutions of salt hydrates are commercially available at temperatures ranging from 0°C to -70°C. Ru. On the other hand, cold energy is stored by utilizing the latent heat of ``melting and depletion.'' Various systems are possible that allow this. Particularly open among the above systems molded or closed ice packets, storage type exchanges of the type disclosed in the above patents; Examples include ice exchangers, ice machines, etc.

The present invention aims to provide a new device for storing cold energy. It is characterized by a number of advantages regarding the known device, in particular the following points:

-Improved storage density - Low investment cost -High overall efficiency It is easy to implement.

The concept according to the invention is to use an exchanger-evaporator to continuously cool the ice or creates a eutectic and produces such ice or latent heat or eutectic or ice crystals Exchanger-evaporator, eutectic or is a device for removing ice crystals, in which case the ice crystals are entrained mechanically or naturally, and exchanger - storage housing that receives live crystals from the surface of the secondary circuit of the evaporator Moreover, the storage of cold energy due to the latent heat of deterioration is caused by the above-mentioned inside the housing. It is obtained as a result of the accumulation of crystals.

According to the invention, the primary circuit of the exchanger-evaporator is connected to the cold heat generator, and The evaporator is replaced by an exchanger evaporator installation of the device according to the invention. use The refrigerant used (freon, ammonia, etc.) is determined by the intended use or application. circle. The heat medium that co-flows throughout the secondary circuit is water, which is either a salt hydrate eutectic. Regardless of whether the above liquid is in a liquid phase or a solid phase, called “body”.

The fact that the device, which is the object of the present invention, has various functions is evaluated based on the following points. Ru: 1- The device makes it possible to cool the heat medium flowing through the secondary circuit in a known manner. In addition, it is intended to reinforce equipment that consumes cooling energy: 2- The device has a surface temperature of water or salt water on the surface of the exchanger-evaporator secondary circuit. By depleting the heat medium when the temperature drops below the depletion temperature of the eutectic of the compound, into a heat storage body, 3- The device is designed to prevent ice or eutectic fractions forming on the surface of the exchanger-evaporator secondary circuit. 4- The device is pre-separated from the exchanger-evaporator surface. Cold energy is applied to the storage housing in the form of separated or supermelted crystals. Store energy and 5- The device uses pre-stored cold energy until its temperature is lower than the temperature of the heat storage body. When the temperature is high, the heat is returned to the heat carrier by direct exchange between the heat carrier and the heat storage body.

According to a feature of the invention, the means for separating ice or eutectic from the surface of the exchanger-evaporator is Vibration, especially an ultrasonic oscillator that causes an ultrasonic flow to act on the effective volume of an exchanger-evaporator. It is desirable to provide some form of vibration transmission system based on the location.

Other features of the advantages of the invention include various embodiments which are not intended to limit the invention. It will become clear from the following description by referring to the attached drawing of μm4. drawing In the following: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the general operating principle of the device disclosed in the present invention. , Figure 2 shows an evaporator integrated into a storage housing for cold energy. A schematic diagram illustrating a first embodiment of the device according to the invention Figure 3 is a scale showing an alternative embodiment of the exchanger-evaporator used in the apparatus of Figure 2. Figures 4 and 5 show an enlarged partial view of the device used in the device according to the invention. , the longitudinal section of the exchanger-evaporator, which in this case is separated from the storage housing, and 6 and 7 in cross-section and exchanger-evaporation equipment separated from the storage housing. shows another example of FIG. 8 is a plan view of FIGS. 6 and 7; Figure 9 is an exchanger used to transfer ice or eutectic from the evaporator to the storage housing. FIG. Figures 10 and 11 show another embodiment a longitudinal section and @ cross section. Figure 12 shows another type.

First of all, please refer to FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of the device according to the invention to help understand the operating principle. I sat down and tried to explain.

The above device mainly consists of a refrigeration compressor 10, in which ice or eutectic or refrigeration The result is an evaporator 12, in which a pump 16, and a connecting duct [20] for evaporation. A storage vat 18 connected to the device 12, a storage vat 18 for holding the formed crystals. A heating medium circulation circuit 14 including a filter 24 that allows the heating medium to pass through the upper part of the heating medium. , as well as means 22 for separating the crystals formed on the surface of the evaporator.

The ice or eutectic that is generated and deposited on the surface of the evaporator 12 is the means 22 (the details of which will be explained later). separated from the above surface by a heat transfer medium or mechanically Therefore, the storage of cold energy due to the latent heat of depletion is carried out to the storage vat 18. What is achieved by accumulating them in the above bat is worthy of evaluation. .

Cold heat generator (compressor 10) responsible for supplying the primary circuit of the evaporator 12 means that fluctuations in the secondary cold heat supply simultaneously change the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant liquid in the cold heat generator. It is designed very well. As a result, the evaporation temperature in the primary circuit of the evaporator changes between the following two points. become

- The highest value corresponding to the maximum cold supply The lowest value corresponding to the lowest cold supply 1, -Storage The refrigeration capacity required by the final equipment is greater than the capacity produced by the cold generator. The temperature is also low. The evaporation temperature of the generator is determined by the refrigeration capacity produced by the generator described above. It reaches a value that is balanced by the refrigerating capacity sent to the secondary circuit through the generator. . Under such conditions, the evaporation temperature of the cold heat generator is determined by the exchanger surface temperature on the secondary side. It shows a value that is lower than the drying wetness level. At this time, the exchanger-evaporator is frozen. The separation means 22 for the heating medium crystals formed on the surface thereof is activated. Nuclear The crystals thus formed and separated from the surface of the evaporator are water or the copolymer from which they were created. It has a density smaller than that of the melt. According to the present invention, the above density difference is The secondary heating medium crystals formed as above and separated from the surface of the evaporator are shown in FIG. The cold heat that can be used to advantage naturally occupies the top position of the storage vat. The storage of energy according to the invention is achieved by the above-mentioned results in the storage vat 18. This is due to the continuous accumulation of crystals.

2. - Direct formation of cold energy.

The capacity required by the terminal equipment is produced in this case by the cold generator 10. Almost equal to the ability. At this time, the cold heat generator evaporation temperature is generated by the above generator. The stored refrigerating capacity is increased by the refrigerating capacity that can be transported to the secondary side via the evaporator. It reaches a value similar to that of Lance. At this time, the exchanger surface temperature on the secondary side is the same as that of the secondary heat medium. The value is such that obvious conventional cooling is recognized.

3, - unzip Ability to generate the refrigerating capacity required by the terminal equipment by the cold generator 10 higher than Under such conditions, the temperature of the cold generator reaches its maximum value; However, it is still insufficient to meet the requirements for a secondary heating medium. As a result, the secondary heating medium temperature increases. and greater than the melting temperature of the heat storage body previously crystallized in the storage vat 18 of the device. reach high values. Previously (the liquid heat transfer medium in contact with the crystallized heat storage Replenishing the required refrigeration capacity by replacing and melting the heat storage element in the tank 18. manifest.

In the above, the device according to the invention is used for the separation of the eutectic from the surface of the exchanger. A step (22, FIG. 1) is provided (as shown). Appropriate 1@(devices that use heat or occupational power can be considered in this case. . At the level of the ``refrigeration-exchanger'' interface (where the melting of the >k crystals is Use a standard thawing system such that the I can do it. The heat flow sources required for this separation are of various properties, such as For example, by evenly spaced electrical leads or from a refrigeration compressor. In this case, the interface is reheated by blowing the gas back into the exchanger-evaporator. You can use the following method. Technically speaking, these are for those who are skilled in this technology. is known and therefore will not be described in detail here, and according to the invention A mechanical system that generates vibrations can be used to separate the It is advantageous to use In this case at least one part of the effective part of the evaporator 12 is Preferably, the ultrasonic flow obtained by two vibration oscillators is distributed. secondary heating medium The oscillator generates high-frequency vibrations when the evaporator 12 is immersed in body fluid. This is transmitted to the liquid and at the same time causes pressure to rise and fall in it alternately. This causes the cavitation phenomenon, which is particularly characteristic of The microbubbles are removed from the surface wall of the evaporator by transmitting intense ultrasonic waves. The use of ultrasound to separate the eutectic has the following advantages: -Especially the exchanger- heat exchanger due to almost no adhesion of frozen layer on the evaporator wall soil Maximum efficiency; exchanger-evaporator heat exchange due to increased convective transfer efficiency Increased efficiency: In fact, the vibration of microbubbles created by ultrasonic waves or the ultrasonic action Can result in a relative increase in the velocity of the liquid in contact with the generator surface; - Ultrasound of ice crystals separated by modulating the power, frequency and duration of This gives rise to the possibility of changing the microcrystalline structure. This modulation stores The fine density of the crystals formed increases, and therefore the energy density also increases, which increases the exchange rate of the heat medium/heat storage. It can correspond to the thawing ability that fits into the face.

It should be noted here that when ultrasonic waves are generated continuously, the exchanger-evaporator It is possible to recognize the phenomenon of over-melting of the heating medium contained in the effective volume of the heating medium.

In this case, the heating medium congeals only after emitting this ultrasonic flow, and the heating medium crystals of the above crystal formation appearing at the outlet of the exchanger-evaporator, i.e. in the storage vat 18. The cold energy required for this is extracted from the supermelting cold energy, and at this time (The heat medium returns to its exhaustion temperature.

Next, an embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown, in which the evaporator is integrated in the storage vat. Let us now discuss Figures 2 and 3.

This device has components similar to those described above.

In reality, it consists of a compressor 26, a condenser 28, a pressure reducing valve 30, and an exchanger. Evaporator unit @ 32, but this is located below the storage vat 36 and the device 32 has a vat. Ice separated from the surface of the evaporator 32 by the ultrasonic oscillator 34 into the or an upper grid 38 for storing the eutectic, plus two pumps 42. It has 44 networks and consists of a distribution network. Distribute the heating medium over the entire surface of the evaporator A perforated plate 40 is provided for this purpose.

In this non-limiting embodiment, the exchanger-evaporator 32 is a fin tube type, in which case the fins run vertically (Figure 2) or diagonally. Run.

The partial view of FIG. 3 shows an exchanger-evaporator system consisting of a tube 46 with diagonal fins running A location 32 is shown. This alternative embodiment has two advantages.

This structure increases the disturbance of the heat exchanger passing through the perforated plate 40, and therefore In Fig. 3, disturbance of the heat medium is schematically indicated by arrow f1. 2 shown in - This structure prevents ultrasonic waves transmitted to the heat medium distributed by the perforated plate 40. The ultrasonic waves of the oscillator 34 are reduced by forming a screen due to the presence of diagonal fins. It becomes possible to increase the efficiency of action. The ultrasound waves are reflected towards the zone of action ( Fig. 3, arrow f2) The bat 36 is heat-insulated and has a cooling/heat utilization circuit at its bottom. It has a distribution chamber in which the heating medium returns from the pump 34. Gives more pulsation. The upper part of the distribution chamber 31 is closed by a perforated metal plate 40. It has the following three functions: a) The bat is removed from the chamber 31. The distribution of the flow rate of the heat medium into 36 can be made equal, that is, the above-mentioned The holes or slots formed in the metal plate 40 provide a channel for the heat transfer medium to pass through the holes in the plate. The entire surface of the exchanger-evaporator 32 by converting the static pressure in the bar 31 into dynamic pressure Enables even distribution of heat to the heat medium: b) pulsating through the holes in the plate, improving the convective exchange efficiency of the heat evaporator 32 The heating medium flow increases the relative velocity of the heating medium brought into contact with the exchanger-evaporator. induced by; C) Enables equal distribution of ultrasound power. The ultrasonic oscillator (oscillator 34) is distributed fixed on the plate (Fig. 3), and the distance between each oscillator promotes the vibration of the metal plate itself and It is determined to enable homogeneous heat transfer to the heat medium.

An exchanger-evaporator 32 is provided above the distribution chamber 31 and (Above) It is a fin tube type as shown in (E).

The storage vat 36 has a screen 38 and the mesh is connected to the evaporator 32. The size is smaller than the diameter of the separated crystal. If possible, use a heat medium in the bat. Preferably, a reheating cord is provided to allow free circulation through the body.

The distribution network has two pumps 42, 44 with the same output as described above. . Pump 42 feeds the terminal exchanger 43 and pump 14 feeds the exchanger-evaporator 32. They each take charge of the heat exchanger's flow rate and maintain a constant flow rate in the heat exchanger. Furthermore, the network is 3-way for mixed use. 41 is under the control of the temperature controller at the beginning of the network, which is also located at the top. The valve 4 shown in FIG. Distribution by mixing with the heat medium returned using the pulsating action of the pump 44 It makes it possible to keep the temperature of the network constant.

In a second embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, exchanger-evaporator 46 is shown in FIG. It is separate from the storage vat as in the case shown in 1.

The primary circuit is of plate type 48, but the refrigerant to be evaporated therein (see examples shown in Figures 10 and 11). It is also possible that the secondary circuit is where the heating medium to be cooled or depleted flows. It is formed by the exchanger shell which constitutes the housing. Circulation speed of secondary heating medium In all cases the ice or eutectic will be entrained towards the outlet of the exchanger secondary circuit. This is also to prevent crystal accumulation from wasting time as mentioned above. is provided at the top of the exchanger shell. The ultrasonic oscillator 50 is an exchanger-evaporation device 46 shells; the above shells are therefore constituted by shells. will be subjected to ultrasonic waves that will be evenly distributed throughout the entire housing; All components and attached equipment of the laboratory are insulated from the action of ultrasound. Ru.

The alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 6 also includes an exchanger-evaporator type 5 outside the storage vat. 2, in Figure 6 the exchanger-evaporator shell is equipped with a an ultrasonic oscillator 54 and an exchanger in which the refrigerant is to be evaporated; Also shown is the plate 58 of the evaporator.

A housing constituted by the shell of the exchanger 52 is provided with a number of partition walls 56. ing. The secondary heat medium enters from the inlet boat 60 and exits from the outlet boat 62. The shape of the inlet and outlet port 1~ has an appropriate shape to prevent crystals from accumulating. Two.

An alternative embodiment, shown in FIG. 7, also incorporates an exchanger-evaporator type 52 into a storage hat. Hold it outside. This figure also shows the oscillator 54' and the refrigerant to be evaporated therein. A distribution plate 64 is provided which is in direct contact with the heat medium flowing between the plates 58 through which the heat medium flows. There is.

In the embodiments shown in Figures] ○ and 1], the exchanger is of tube type 58' and is dry. This embodiment differs from the above-mentioned embodiment in that it performs a pressure reduction.

Among the advantages brought about by this invention, the points that should be particularly pointed out are as follows: Ru: 1- Being able to combine all important movements 2- Directly controlling the equipment's refrigeration capacity Availability; equipment that simultaneously satisfies both requirements below this capacity and storage supply. Utilization of refrigeration capacity; Utilization of refrigeration capacity by storage supply only; The cold generator stops using only the cold energy stored in it; 2- The heating medium/storage fluid enclosed in the sealed circuit is maintained at the normal pressure of the network. I can do it.

3-Due to the macroscopic structure of ice or eutectic, the exchange area is set extremely large. This allows the exchange area for thawing to be extremely large, and this also serves as a heat medium. The temperature will be close to the melting temperature of the heat storage body: 4- Necessary (secondary) capacity When the power becomes lower than the primary capacity, the temperature of the secondary circuit of the exchanger-evaporator is In order to deplete the heat medium, a means of reducing the evaporation temperature is used to bring the temperature below the depletion temperature of the heat medium. What can be used Of course, the invention is not limited to the various embodiments shown and described. It also includes all applications of these.

In particular, FIG. 12 shows, as an example, a superstructure suitable for use in the device according to the invention. Figure 2 shows an exchanger with a sonic plate. It should be evaporated as shown in this figure. A liquid (e.g. Freon) flows between two plates, and is required at the outer 66: and the other is required at the center 68: at 69, the liquid or exchanger Enter and leave from 70. The liquid to be cooled enters 71 and is cooled at 72. It comes out in the same condition. An oscillator 73 is provided on the outer plate 66 and generates ultrasonic waves. is transmitted to the water in this case and then to the central plate containing the freon? Alternatively, as shown in Figure 12, ultrasonic waves can be transmitted directly to the central plate and at this time The flow is transmitted to the water in the opposite direction. This arrangement is the oscillator plate and the zone used It is also possible to minimize the distance between the make it possible.

On the other hand, all exchange surfaces are subjected to ultrasonic action under such conditions and are subject to specific capabilities. Greatly increases maximum exchange efficiency and proportionally reduces exchange surface area and amount of ultrasound. I can do it.

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Claims (8)

[Claims] (1) Ice or eutectic whose primary circuit is connected to the cold generator (16-26) Exchanger-evaporator (32) for producing: Secondary side of the above-mentioned exchanger-evaporator Means for separating ice or eutectic formed on the surface of (22-34-50-54-54' ), the above crystals are freely entrained mechanically or by a heat medium flow that creates ice. It is designed to receive crystals generated from the surface of the secondary side of the exchanger-evaporator. a storage housing (18-36) for storing the crystals in the housing; for the storage of cold energy, characterized by the fact that it is carried out by accumulating Exchanger-evaporator. (2) The means for separating ice or eutectic from the surface of the exchanger-evaporator is a mechanical system. system, especially a system for transmitting vibrations, preferably an ultrasonic oscillator; 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic flow is transmitted through the heating medium. (3) The flow of ultrasonic waves is caused by a vibration plate on which the oscillation poles (34-54') are installed. into the exchanger-evaporator (32-52) housing via the rate (40-64) The spacing between each oscillating pole allows the ultrasonic waves to flow evenly throughout the housing. For the purpose of In order to induce the phenomenon of overmelting of the heating medium for the effective volume of Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 as defined. (4) The overmelting phenomenon causes crystals to form only when the heating medium goes outside the ultrasonic flow. An apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, which is utilized. (5) The exchanger-evaporator (32) is located in the storage vat (36), especially in the lower part, and is provided on the outside of the upper butt (18), and the butt (18) is at this time Any one of the preceding claims, wherein the exchanger is located downstream of the evaporator (12). Equipment described in Section. (6) The evaporator (46-52) is located outside the storage vat, and the ultrasonic flow is directed upward. The exchanger described above - the distribution plate (through the shell of the evaporator or in direct contact with the heating medium) 64) A device according to any one of the preceding claims, which is transferred to a heat medium via a set. . (7) The heat medium and heat storage body that are intended to be used are the same liquid, and the above liquid is in a liquid phase. When it is a heat medium, it is a heat storage body when it is a solid phase, and it is a net The scope of the above claim is enclosed in a sealed circuit to maintain the normal pressure value of the workpiece. The device according to any one of the above. (8) The exchanger-evaporator comprises two series of plates, some of which are outside ( 66), and the other is in the center (68), and there is an evaporation plane between them. The heating medium through which the liquid flows and is to be cooled and crystallized is one of the above plate series. , and the oscillating pole (73) is mounted on the outer plate (66) or according to any of the preceding claims, mounted directly on the central plate (68). equipment.