JPS6234687Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed explanation of the idea]

The present invention relates to an improvement of a dry high speed fluidized sander. Conventionally, a workpiece (object to be polished) attached to a spindle is placed in a polishing tank filled with media to which abrasive grains and oil are attached, and the workpiece is rotated in the media by rotating the spindle in forward and reverse directions and rotating on its own axis. It is known to polish a workpiece by flowing it at high speed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 37-17646). However, conventional polishing machines of this type are mainly used for polishing parts with relatively complex shapes such as aluminum, zinc die-casting, and brass. It is difficult to deburr or polish parts with simple shapes such as disks and flat plates, small parts, etc. that cannot be sufficiently stirred, as the finish may become uneven. Due to the inability to obtain results, deburring and polishing of these parts has traditionally been done mostly manually. Furthermore, conventional polishing machines have had problems such as differences in polishing finish between parts placed on the upper side and parts placed on the lower side. Furthermore, in conventional polishing machines, the number of gears in the planetary gear attached to the spindle is smaller than the number of gears in the fixed gear that meshes with the planetary gear, and therefore the revolution speed of the spindle is slower than the rotation speed. , such a polishing machine can handle relatively deep concave surfaces, e.g. 5-100 mm.
When polishing a component having a concave surface, there was a problem in that polishing residue was left on the concave surface. The present invention was made to improve the above-mentioned situation, and has relatively simple shapes such as gears and hard parts made of iron, stainless steel, etc., which are difficult to use with conventional dry type high-speed fluidized sanders. Deburring and finish polishing of parts and small parts can be performed reliably, and parts of various shapes and materials can be well polished, and the appearance is uniform and almost unaffected by the position of the parts in the polishing tank. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dry type high-speed fluidized sander that can give a good polishing finish. That is, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes a fixed gear and a planetary gear that meshes with the fixed gear,
By rotating the planetary gear along the fixed gear at a speed of 150 to 450 rpm, the spindle connected to the planetary gear is caused to revolve and rotate, and the workpiece attached to the spindle is rotated and placed in the polishing tank. By stirring the filled dry media by the rotation of the spindle and the workpiece, the dry media is made to flow at high speed so that the flow direction near the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank coincides with the direction of rotation of the spindle and the workpiece. A dry high-speed fluid polishing machine that polishes a workpiece using an abrasive adhering to a high-speed flowing dry media, in which the center of the side of the polishing tank is bulged outward from the top and bottom of the side. It is. To elaborate further on this point, in a conventional dry sanding machine, the spindle and workpiece are rotated at a speed of 150 to 450 rpm.
When the media rotates at such a high speed, a deep cone-shaped cavity is formed near the center of the polishing tank due to the flow of the media, and the polishing force is maximum near the inner circumference of the polishing tank, and increases as it moves toward the center. weakens,
In such a polishing machine, the media does not come into contact with the workpiece with sufficient pressure, and the flow direction of the media on the inner peripheral wall of the polishing tank is opposite to the rotational direction of the workpiece, so that the media faces the workpiece. The flow of the media on the surface is not smooth, and especially when rotating at high speed, the polished surface tends to have small irregularities instead of stripes, making it difficult to obtain a clean polished surface. However, as in the present invention, the above-mentioned problem can be solved if the inner side of the polishing tank is bulged outward and the flow direction of the media near the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank is made to match the direction of rotation of the workpiece. It is. In other words, by bulging out the central part of the side of the polishing tank, even during high-speed dry polishing, a deep slot-shaped cavity is prevented from forming in the central part of the polishing tank, and the media is able to apply sufficient pressure against the workpiece. This makes it possible to perform good and efficient polishing by contacting the workpieces with the same position, and also to solve the problem of variations in polishing results depending on the placement position of the workpiece, thereby achieving uniform polishing as a whole. In addition, by making the flow direction of the media near the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank match the rotation direction of the workpiece, the flow of the media on the workpiece surface becomes smooth, and even when the media flows at high speed, the polished surface does not have stripes. In addition to giving a good surface finish and uniformly polishing the entire workpiece, the force required for the rotation and revolution of the spindle can be reduced, making it possible to downsize the device and save labor. Furthermore, by making the number of gears of the planetary gear attached to the spindle greater than the number of gears of the fixed gear that meshes with the planetary gear so that the revolution speed of the spindle is faster than the rotation speed of the spindle, parts with relatively deep concave surfaces can be manufactured. It is possible to polish the entire surface without leaving polishing residue on the concave surface. Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, 1 is a cylindrical polishing tank with a bottom, and a media 2 is filled inside this tank. The polishing tank 1 is formed such that the center portion of the side portion thereof bulges outward from the upper and lower portions of the side portion, and the cross section of the side portion is formed in an arc shape.
Reference numeral 3 denotes a cylindrical box with a head supported by a body (not shown), and a gear box 4 is disposed within this cylindrical box 3. Note that the lower end of the outer peripheral wall of the cylindrical box 3 is in contact with the upper end of the inner peripheral wall of the polishing tank 1, and the media 2 filled inside the polishing tank 1 is prevented from jumping out to the outside during the polishing operation. There is. A cylindrical shaft 5 is protruded from the center of the upper wall of the gearbox 4, and a ring-shaped drive pulley 6 is protruded from the upper end of the shaft 5.
The cylindrical shaft body 5 is rotatably supported by bearings 8, 8 fixed to the cylindrical box 3 and a pedestal 7 placed thereon, respectively, and the pulley 6 is supported by belts 9, 9. Although not shown, the pulley 6 is connected to a motor (not shown) through which the pulley 6 is rotated, and the cylindrical shaft body 5 and the gear box 4 are rotated together with the pulley 6. The gearbox 4 has bearings 10, 10, 10', 1 fixed to its upper and lower walls, respectively.
Two rotating shaft bodies 11 and 11' are rotatably supported at the gear box 4, and these shaft bodies 1 protrude through the lower wall of the gear box 4, respectively.
Spindles 13, 13' are removably fixed to the lower ends of the spindles 1, 11' via joints 12, 12'. Jigs 14, 14' are removably attached to the lower parts of these spindles 13, 13', respectively, and these jigs 14, 14'
Workpieces (objects to be polished) 15, 15' are removably fixed to 4', and as the gearbox 4 rotates, the rotating shafts 11, 11' and spindles 13, 1
3', the works 15, 15' are configured to rotate (revolution along a fixed gear 19, which will be described later). Further, within the cylindrical shaft body 5, a fixed shaft body 16 is provided.
is installed. The protruding upper end of the fixed shaft 16 is attached to a support 18 fixed on the ceiling plate 17 of the aircraft body.
A disc-shaped fixed gear 19 is fixed to the protruding lower end of the fixed shaft body 16. Note that bearings 20, 20 are provided at the upper and lower ends of the inner wall of the cylindrical shaft 5, respectively, so that the cylindrical shaft 5 can smoothly rotate relative to the fixed shaft 16. has been done. The fixed gear 19 includes the rotating shaft bodies 11 and 1.
Ring-shaped planetary gears 2 each fixed to 1'
1 and 21' are meshed with each other, and when the rotating shaft bodies 11 and 11' rotate (revolution) due to the rotation of the gear box 4, the planetary gears 21 and 21' are meshed with the fixed gear 19, and the fixed gear 19 The rotating shafts 11, 11' and the spindles 13, 13' connected thereto
rotates (rotates), so the spindle 13,1
Workpieces 15, 15' attached to the spindles 13, 13' rotate around the axes of the spindles 13, 13'. Although not shown, the polishing tank 1 can be moved vertically by a suitable mechanism controlled by a geared motor, pneumatic pressure, hydraulic pressure, etc. At the upper limit position of the polishing tank 1, the lower parts of the spindles 13, 13' and the works 15, 15' are embedded in the media 2 in the polishing tank 1, and at the lower limit position of the polishing tank 1, the spindles 13, The lower part 13' and the works 15, 15' are taken out from the medium 2, and the works 15, 15' are attached and detached. In addition, in FIG. 1, 22 is an air blowing pipe, and 23 is a dust collecting pipe. Air is introduced from the air blowing pipe 22 when necessary, and dust particles from damaged media, abrasive debris, etc. are discharged from the dust collecting pipe 23. It is becoming possible to do so. Next, a method of dry high-speed fluid polishing of a workpiece using the above-mentioned polishing machine will be explained. First, the polishing tank 1 is moved to the lower limit position, and the fabric media 2 is put into the polishing tank 1. In this case, organic media, especially wood media, such as fine powder of wood chips, small wood chips, corn, nuts, bark, etc., are excellent as the media, and the amount of media input is 60 to 90% of the polishing tank capacity. degree is suitable. Next, an abrasive in the form of paste, liquid, or powder made by mixing oil and fat with abrasive grains is added to the media 2, and the jig 1 of the spindles 13, 13' is
The polishing tank 1 is moved to the upper limit position with no workpiece attached to 4, 14', and the motor connected to the pulley 6 is driven to rotate the pulley 6, thereby rotating the spindles 13, 13' ( (revolution and rotation). As a result, the media 2 flows, the media 2 and the abrasive are uniformly mixed, and the abrasive is attached to the surface of the media 2.
In this case, the amount of abrasive added is approximately 40 to 80 g, especially approximately 50 to 70 g, per 1 kg of media at the beginning of the work.
After that, for each polishing operation, 1 kg of media is
The amount is preferably 0.2 to 1 g, and a mixing time of 3 to 5 minutes is usually sufficient for mixing the media and the abrasive. Next, after stopping the drive of the motor and moving the polishing tank 1 to the lower limit position, the spindles 13, 13'
The workpieces 15, 15' are attached to the jigs 14, 14', and the polishing tank 1 is moved to the upper limit position again (the state shown in FIG. 1). When the motor is driven in this state and the pulley 6 is rotated, the cylindrical shaft body 5 and the gearbox 4 are rotated together with this rotation. 13, 13' and the workpieces 15, 15' rotate (revolution) around the central axis of the gearbox 4 (the axis of the fixed shaft 16), and along with this rotation (revolution), the rotating shafts 11, 11' Planetary gears 21, 2 attached to
1' rotates along the fixed gear 19 while meshing with it, the rotating shaft bodies 11, 11' and the spindles 13, 13' rotate, and the spindle 1
The workpieces 15, 15' attached to the spindles 13, 13' rotate around the axes of their spindles 13, 13'. Further, the driving of the motor is switched between forward and reverse directions at predetermined time intervals, thereby switching the above-mentioned rotation between forward and reverse directions at predetermined time intervals. in this case,
The direction of flow near the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank 1 of the dry media 2, which is stirred and flowed at high speed by the revolution of the spindles 13, 13' and the works 15, 15', is in the direction of the work 1.
5 and 15'. Therefore, the works 15, 15' rotate in forward and reverse directions around the central axis of the gearbox 4 (the axis of the fixed shaft 16) and the axes of the spindles 13, 13', and during these rotations, the workpieces 15, 15' rotate in the opposite direction. The media is brought into contact with a mixed state, and the surface of the media is polished by the action of the abrasive on the surface of the media. After polishing is completed, the drive of the motor is stopped, the polishing tank 1 is moved to the lower limit position, the polished workpiece is removed, new abrasive is added to the media, and the above-mentioned operations are repeated. In this case, in the polishing method of the present invention, the flow direction of the dry media near the inner peripheral wall of the polishing tank matches the rotation direction of the workpiece, so the flow of the media on the workpiece surface is smooth and the media can be moved at high speed. Even when flowing, the polishing surface provides a good finished surface with stripes, and the entire workpiece can be polished uniformly.The force required for rotation and revolution of the spindle can be reduced, which allows the equipment to be made smaller and saves labor. It is something that can be achieved. On the other hand, if the flow direction of the media on the inner peripheral wall of the polishing tank is opposite to the rotation direction of the workpiece and the media faces the workpiece, the flow of the media on the workpiece surface will not be smooth, especially when rotating at high speed. This method has the problem that the polished surface is not striped but tends to have small irregularities, making it difficult to obtain a clean polished surface. In addition, in the above-mentioned polishing operation, this polishing machine has a central part of the side of the polishing tank 1 that bulges outward, which causes the media 2 in the polishing tank 1 to )15,
The contact pressure of 15' is increased, which makes deburring and polishing of simple workpieces (objects to be polished) with shapes that were previously difficult or impossible, such as gears and small precision parts, easier and easier. This is done reliably and evenly. To explain this point in more detail, the inventors of the present invention have studied various fluid polishing methods for relatively simple parts such as gears, and found that the purpose was to bulge the center of the polishing tank 1 outward. As mentioned above, the spindles 13 and 1
3', as the workpieces 15, 15' revolve and rotate, the media 2 is agitated and fluidized, thereby polishing the workpieces 15, 15'; in this case, the center of the polishing tank 1 By expanding the media 2 near the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank 1,
The movement of the media 2 from rising toward the cylindrical box 3 is suppressed, and this acts as a pressure increase to ensure that the media 2 is brought into contact with the workpieces 15 and 15', thereby ensuring that even relatively simple-shaped parts can be polished. We have discovered what can be done. In fact, according to the results of experiments conducted by the present inventors, in the case of a conventional polishing machine using a simple cylindrical polishing tank 1 that does not bulge out at the center of the sides, the spindles 13, 13, as shown in FIG. When grinding is performed by directly attaching gears as works 15a and 15a' to (The polishing was carried out at a speed of 300 to 400 rpm.) In this way, the workpieces (objects to be polished) 15a and 15a' are gears with a simple shape,
Moreover, since these are directly attached to the spindles 13, 13', the spindles 13, 13'
The mixing and stirring ability of the media 2 (indicated by crossed diagonal lines in the figure) due to the revolution and rotation of the works 15a and 15a' was extremely poor, and a deep cone-shaped cavity 27 was formed near the center of the polishing tank 1. The workpiece (gear) 15 is mixed and stirred in the state.
It was confirmed that the workpieces 15a, 15a' could not be polished well because the media 2 did not contact them with sufficient pressure. On the other hand, FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention, showing another shape of the polishing tank 1a in which the central part of the side bulges outward. When using the polishing tank 1a with a bulged part, the media 2
As shown in FIG. 3, the upward movement of the spindles 13 and
3', even if the mixing and stirring ability of the works 15a, 15a' is small, the media 2 is attached to the works 15a, 15a'.
are in contact with each other with sufficient pressure, and the workpieces 15a and 1
It was confirmed that 5a' was actually polished well. Furthermore, in the conventional polishing machine shown in FIG. 2, as mentioned above, the contact pressure of the media against the work is extremely weak, and there is a difference in the finish of polishing between the work placed on the upper side and the work placed on the lower side.
Although variations in the finish of polishing tend to occur depending on the placement position of the workpiece in the polishing tank, this problem is resolved by bulging the center of the side of the polishing tank outward, resulting in almost uniform polishing overall. It was confirmed that it is possible to perform abrasive polishing. Moreover, by using a polishing tank with a bulging central part on the side, there is little difference in polishing results between upper and lower workpieces, so more workpieces can be attached to the spindle and polished without any problems. It has also become clear that production can be increased. To explain the above-mentioned effects in more detail,
A polishing tank with a capacity of 80 mm and the shape shown in Fig. 1 (this invention) and a conventional polishing tank with a simple cylindrical shape shown in Fig. 2 (comparative example) were used, and 60 cones were filled as media. To this, 3 kg of an abrasive consisting of oil and fat and abrasive grains was added and premixed to coat the surface of the media with this abrasive, and then the gear was polished. The gear used was an automobile transmission gear part with a diameter of 150 mm, a thickness of 30 mm, and 24 teeth. The polishing machine was equipped with three spindles, two gears were attached to the top and bottom of each spindle, a total of six gears, and the machine was operated at a spindle rotation speed of 300 rpm. In addition, the polishing time is 10 minutes in total, 5 minutes in forward rotation and 5 minutes in reverse.
It was set as 1 minute. The results of the drive motor load (10HP load) and polishing force are shown below. Note that the polishing force is based on the gear
We investigated how many of the 24 teeth had burrs removed and evaluated them based on the removal rate.

[Table] From the above results, when using a polishing tank with a bulging center part of the side (this invention), the motor load is 45A, which is 16A larger than when using a conventional polishing tank, and the workpiece (gear) It was observed that a large amount of contact resistance occurred between the media and the media. In addition, the polishing power (burr removal rate of gear teeth) is insufficient when using a conventional polishing tank, and burrs cannot be reliably removed. Differences in polishing force have occurred, and variations in polishing results have occurred depending on the position of the workpiece.However, when using the polishing tank with a bulge in the center of the side according to the present invention, the position of the workpiece can be adjusted. It was found that burrs were reliably removed regardless of the conditions. In the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the side of the polishing tank 1 is not necessarily limited to the one shown in the drawings, but may be of various shapes as long as the central part of the side bulges outward from the upper and lower parts of the side. Although the cross-sectional shape can be of any shape, a substantially arcuate shape as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 is particularly preferable. Furthermore, in the present invention, as shown by the dashed line in FIG. The contact pressure of the media 2 against the workpieces 15, 15' can be further increased. In this case, by providing the inclined portion 25, the scattered media can easily fall naturally, but the shape of the cover body 26 is not limited to this and can be changed in various ways.
Any material that can suppress the rise of the media around the polishing tank 1 may be used. Further, the cover body 26 may be provided at the upper part of the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank, but when the polishing tank is moved up and down, the workpiece attached to the spindle hits the cover body 26, which obstructs the loading and unloading of the workpiece. This should be avoided. In addition, the width of the cover body 26 (the protruding length of the horizontal part 24)
Although not necessarily limited, a clearance is formed to ensure air circulation when damaged media, abrasive debris, etc. are scattered by the air introduced from the air blowing pipe 22 and discharged from the dust collection pipe 23. It is preferable to Further, in the above-mentioned polishing machine, the fixed gear 19
The number of gears of the planetary gears 21, 21' is larger than that of the spindles 13, 13', and the revolution speed of the spindles 13, 13' is made larger than the rotation speed of the spindles 13, 13'. , 13' When the rotational speed is set higher than the rotational speed relative to the axis, there is no problem such as leaving unpolished surfaces on the workpiece that has a relatively deep concave surface, for example, a concave surface with a depth of 5 to 100 mm. , the entire surface including concave surfaces can be polished well. In this case, in order to effectively achieve such effects, the gear ratio between the fixed gear 19 and the planetary gears 21, 21' is preferably 1:1.2 to 1.2.
The ratio is preferably 1:3, particularly 1:1.5 to 1:2.5. That is, as a result of the inventors' study, the number of gears of the planetary gear is larger than that of the fixed gear, and in particular, the gear ratio of 1:
If the setting is 1.2 to 1:3, especially 1:1.5 to 1:2.5, and the rotation speed of the spindle is slower than the revolution speed, rather than restricting changes in the posture of the workpiece, it is surprisingly possible to handle a workpiece with a relatively deep concave surface, including the concave surface. It was confirmed that the entire surface could be polished uniformly. Furthermore, in the above-mentioned polishing method, an abrasive agent made of a mixture of oil and abrasive grains is added to the fabric medium, and the polishing operation is performed after premixing and coating the surface of the media with the abrasive agent. This simplifies the operation and can drastically reduce running costs, but of course it is also possible to use media coated with oil and abrasive grains in advance as in the conventional method. Note that it is also possible to use a method in which the media that is initially introduced is coated with oil and abrasive grains, and then the abrasive is introduced. In addition, the oils and fats that make up the abrasive include animal and vegetable mineral oils, various fatty acids, wax,
Metal soap etc. are used, and alumina, silica stone, iron oxide, chromium oxide, alundum, etc. are used as abrasive grains.
WA, calcium carbonate, etc. can be used. In this case, the weight ratio of oil and fat to abrasive grains is preferably 30:70 to 70:30. Additionally, the present invention is suitable for polishing objects with a simple shape, such as gears and similar disk-shaped parts, and is particularly suitable for polishing objects with a simple shape, such as gears and similar disc-shaped parts, and especially when the number of planetary gears is greater than the number of fixed gears. It can be suitably used for polishing parts with complex shapes, such as those with relatively deep recesses, for example, concave surfaces with a depth of 5 to 100 mm. Furthermore, the above embodiments can also be used for polishing parts with complex shapes, such as those with relatively deep recesses, for example, concave surfaces with a depth of 5 to 100 mm. The present invention is not limited to the above, and the configuration of the embodiment described above may be modified in various ways without departing from the gist of the present invention. As explained above, according to the polishing machine of the present invention, the contact pressure of the media against the workpiece (object to be polished) is increased, and even relatively simple-shaped workpieces such as gears can be reliably polished. In addition, it is possible to reduce variations in polishing results depending on the placement position of the workpiece, and it is possible to provide a clean and well-finished surface.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view with a part of the polishing tank sectioned, explaining the flow state of media when a conventional polishing machine is used, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a partially sectional side view of the polishing tank, illustrating the flow state of media when a polishing machine according to another embodiment of the present invention is used. 1... Polishing tank, 2... Media, 3... Cylindrical box, 13, 13'... Spindle, 15, 1
5', 15a, 15a'...workpiece, 19...fixed gear, 21, 21'...planetary gear, 24...horizontal part, 25...inclined part, 26...pressure increase cover body.

Claims (1)

[Claims for Utility Model Registration] 1. Fixed gear 19 and planetary gear 2 meshing with it
1 and 21', and by rotating the planetary gears 21 and 21' along the fixed gear 19 at a speed of 150 to 450 rpm, the planetary gear 2
The spindles 13, 13' connected to the spindles 13, 121' are made to revolve and rotate, and the spindles 13, 13'
The workpieces 15, 15' attached to the spindles 13, 13' and the workpiece 1 are rotated, and the dry media 2 filled in the polishing tank 1 is transferred to the spindles 13, 13' and the workpiece 1.
5 and 15', the dry media 2 is stirred at high speed so that the flow direction near the inner peripheral wall of the polishing tank 1 coincides with the direction of rotation of the spindles 13 and 13' and the workpieces 15 and 15'. At the same time, the work 15,
15', the dry type high-speed fluid polishing machine is characterized in that the central part of the side of the polishing tank 1 is bulged outward from the upper and lower parts of the side. . 2. The polishing machine according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the side portion of the polishing tank 1 is approximately arcuate. 3 Change the number of gears of planetary gears 21, 21' to fixed gear 1
The polishing machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of gears is greater than 9 to make the revolution speed faster than the rotation speed. 4. The polishing machine according to claim 3, wherein the gear ratio between the fixed gear 19 and the planetary gears 21, 21' is 1:1.2 to 1:3.