JPS6232221B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an agricultural synthetic resin film. More specifically, the present invention relates to an agricultural vinyl chloride resin film that has both heat retention and weather resistance and is effective in promoting the growth of fruit trees, flowers, fruit vegetables, etc. "Prior Art" In recent years, farmers cultivating useful plants have widely adopted methods of promoting and suppressing cultivation using greenhouses or tunnels for the purpose of improving profitability. As coating materials for such houses or tunnels, polyethylene films, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer films, vinyl chloride resin films, polyethylene terephthalate films, polycarbonate films, etc. are used. Such a covering material maintains the internal temperature of the greenhouse or tunnel at an appropriate level and promotes the growth of cultivated plants. Recently, research has been conducted on the relationship between the growth of useful plants and light rays, and it has come to be known that light rays in the red and blue wavelength ranges are beneficial for the growth of useful plants. This technical concept has also been applied to synthetic resin films for agricultural use, such as hotbed coating films with a light color of green to purple in the spectrum (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 27-2911), and red and a greenhouse with a surface containing an organic fluorescent colorant that emits fluorescence in the blue wavelength (Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-24376), and a covering material particularly suitable for growing eggplants (Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-187121). etc. have been proposed. However, it has been found that these covering materials are ineffective in promoting the growth of fruit trees, flowers, and fruit vegetables. ``Problems to be Solved by the Invention'' In this situation, the present invention aims to develop agricultural vinyl chloride that has excellent heat retention and weather resistance and is effective in promoting the growth of fruit trees, flowers, fruit vegetables, etc. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a resin film based on the following. "Means for Solving the Problems" The gist of the present invention is to provide a film comprising a composition containing a vinyl chloride resin, a plasticizer, and inert solid particles, wherein the plasticizer is tricylenyl phosphate, the inert solid fine particles have absorption in the wavelength range of light between 3 and 40 microns, and
An agricultural vinyl chloride resin film characterized by an average transmittance of light in the 40 micron wavelength region of 30% or less. The synthetic resin material constituting the agricultural synthetic resin film according to the present invention generally includes thermoplastic vinyl chloride resins having film-forming properties.
Specifically, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymer, vinyl chloride-propylene copolymer, vinyl chloride-acrylic acid copolymer, vinyl chloride-acrylic acid ester copolymer, or blends of these polymers. can be given. Furthermore, the agricultural vinyl chloride resin film of the present invention mainly contains the above-mentioned vinyl chloride resin, and further includes polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamides, polyacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl acetate, Synthetic resin materials blended with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, partially saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. can also be used. Among these, polyvinyl chloride is suitable for reasons such as weather resistance, light transmittance, and strength. The plasticizer that can be used in the present invention must contain tricylenyl phosphate as a part thereof. The main plasticizers contained in the agricultural vinyl chloride resin film of the present invention are, for example, di-n-octyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, dibenzyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, didodecyl phthalate, and diundecyl phthalate. Phthalic acid derivatives such as; isophthalic acid derivatives such as diisooctyl phthalate; adipic acid derivatives such as di-n-butyl adipate and dioctyl adipate; maleic acid derivatives such as di-n-butyl maleate; tri-n-butyl citrate, etc. citric acid derivatives; itaconic acid derivatives such as monobutyl itaconate; olefinic acid derivatives such as butyl oleate; ricinoleic acid derivatives such as glycerin monoricinoleate; these plasticizers include tricresyl phosphate, epoxidized Bean oil, epoxidized linseed oil, epoxy resin plasticizer, etc. may be used in combination. Among these, it is particularly preferable to incorporate tricylenyl phosphate into dioctyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate, etc., and to use epoxidized oil such as epoxidized soybean oil in combination. Therefore, the blending ratio of plasticizer to vinyl chloride resin is 30 to 60 parts by weight of the latter to 100 parts by weight of the former.
It is desirable to add it in parts by weight. Of the latter, 1 to 10 parts by weight is preferably tricylenyl phosphate. The inert fine solid particles to be mixed into the agricultural vinyl chloride resin film of the present invention must have absorption in the wavelength range of light between 3 and 40 microns. ,
Examples include magnesium carbonate, magnesium silicate (typical example: talc), silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and at least one of these is used. The inert solid fine particles preferably have a particle size of 20 microns or less; if the particle size is too large, the mechanical strength of the film will decrease. In addition to the above-mentioned essential components, the agricultural vinyl chloride resin film of the present invention preferably contains an ultraviolet absorber in order to adjust the light transmittance of the film to a preferred range. Examples of ultraviolet absorbers include the following: Benzotriazole UV absorber...2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-ethoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-butoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-pentoxybenzo Phenone, 2-
Hydroxy-4-heptoxybenzophenone, 2
-hydroxy-4-octoxybenzophenone,
2-hydroxy-4-nonanoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-decanoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-dodecanoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-stearyloxybenzophenone, etc. can be given. The exemplification of compounds is not intended to limit the invention. Benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber...2-
(2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′・5′-dimethylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-
(2'-hydroxy-5'-t-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'isoamyl phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-
(2'-hydroxy-5'-t-amyl phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',
5′-diisopropylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′・5′-di-t-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′・5′-diisobutylphenyl) ) benzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′・5′-
diisoamyl phenyl)benzotriazole, 2
-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-amylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-isopropyl-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy −3′−
Isopropyl-5'-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-isopropyl-5'-octylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-isobutyl-5'-
methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-
(2'-Hydroxy-3'-isobutyl-5'-propylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-isobutyl-5'-isoamylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'- Hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-
Butyl-5'-isopropylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5'-amylphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5'-isooctylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-
(2'-hydroxy-3'-isoamyl-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-isoamyl-5'-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3' −
Isoamyl-5'-amylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-amyl-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2
-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-amyl-5'-isobutylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-
Hydroxy-3'-t-amyl-5'-isoamyl phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-isohexyl-5'-methylphenyl)
Benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-
3′-neoheptyl-5′-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′-isooctyl-5′-ethylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′・5′-diisopropylphenyl) enyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,
2-(2′-hydroxy-3′・5′-diisobutylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-
(2'-hydroxy-3', 5'-diisoamyl phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-
hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-amyl phenyl)
-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-isopropyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-
Hydroxy-3'-isopropyl-5'-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-
(2'-hydroxy-3'-isopropyl-5'-octylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,
2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-isobutyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,
2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-isobutyl-5'-propylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-isobutyl-5'-
isoamyl phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t -butyl-5'-isopropylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-
t-Butyl-5'-amyl phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-
3'-t-butyl-5'-isooctylphenyl)-
5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-isoamyl-5'-methylphenyl)
-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-isoamyl-5'-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-
Hydroxy-3'-isoamyl-5'-t-amyl phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-
(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-amyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-
(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-amyl-5'-isobutylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,
2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-amyl-5'-isoamyl phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-isohexyl-
5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-neoheptyl-5'-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-isooctyl- Examples include 5'-ethylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole. The exemplification of compounds is not intended to limit the invention. The above ultraviolet absorbers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The agricultural vinyl chloride resin film according to the present invention contains an appropriate amount of inert solid particles so that the average transmittance of the film for light in the wavelength range of 3 to 40 microns is 30% or less, Prevents temperature drop in vinyl house or tunnel at night,
In other words, it is necessary to configure it so as to maintain heat retention. In addition, agricultural vinyl chloride resin film uses a combination of inert solid particles and ultraviolet absorbers, and has an average transmittance of 40% or more for all light in the wavelength range of 300 to 400 mm. The average transmittance of all light in the wavelength range between microns is 85
% or more, and the average transmittance of straight light rays is 40 to 80
% range is preferable. By doing this, light rays are guided into the vinyl house or tunnel during the day, and heat rays are prevented from being radiated at night, reducing the temperature difference between day and night. Here, "average transmittance" refers to the sample film for wavelength ranges between 300 and 700 millimicrons.
After recording and measuring the spectral curve between each wavelength using a 330-type self-recording spectrophotometer [manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.], the light transmission area between the same wavelengths was measured using a zero correction planimeter (manufactured by Plus Co., Ltd.). This is the value calculated by finding the area A and the total area B between the same wavelengths and calculating [A/B×100]. Note that "total rays" means the sum of straight rays and scattered rays. In addition, for the wavelength range of 3 to 40 microns, after measuring the light transmittance of the sample film using a Hitachi 260-50 infrared spectrophotometer, we determined that the light transmittance of the film at the same wavelength as the infrared radiation energy per unit wavelength was determined. The product with the rate is 3
It is obtained by integrating over a region of ~40 microns and dividing the obtained value by the value obtained by integrating the infrared radiation energy in the wavelength region. The infrared radiation energy was calculated using Planck's blackbody radiation formula, and the temperature of the blackbody at this time was 288°K. The present invention also includes other resin additives such as lubricants, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, etc. in types and amounts that do not change the optical properties of the agricultural vinyl chloride resin film.
Antistatic agents, antifogging agents, pigments, dyes, etc. can be blended. Examples of lubricants or heat stabilizers that can be used include polyethylene wax, liquid paraffin, stearic acid, zinc stearate, fatty alcohols,
Examples include calcium stearate, barium stearate, barium ricinoleate, barium stearate, barium ricinoleate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate, piperidine compounds, and the like. Antistatic agents or antifogging agents that can be used include:
Nonionic surfactants are mainly preferred, such as sorbitan surfactants such as sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monopalmitate, and sorbitan monobenzoate; glycerin surfactants such as glycerin monolaurate, diglycerin monopalmitate, and glycerin monostearate. System surfactant; polyethylene glycol monostearate,
Examples include polyethylene glycol surfactants such as polyethylene glycol monopalmitate; alkylene oxide adducts of alkylphenols; esters of sorbitan/glycerin condensates and organic acids, and the like. These surfactants can be used alone or in combination of two or more. These various resin additives can be selected in the usual amount, for example, within the range of 5 parts by weight or less per 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride resin. To produce the agricultural vinyl chloride resin film of the present invention, first, vinyl chloride resin, a plasticizer, inert solid particles, an ultraviolet absorber if necessary, and other resin additives are mixed using a ribbon blender, for example.
A vinyl chloride resin composition is prepared by blending or kneading using a Banbury mixer, a super mixer, or other compounding machine or mixer, and this is formed into a film by a film forming technique known per se. Known film forming techniques include calendar molding method, T
-Die extrusion method, inflation molding method, solution casting method, etc. The film may be a transparent film, a matte film, a semi-matte film, or the like. If the thickness of the film according to the present invention is too thin, the strength will be insufficient, so it is undesirable. On the other hand, if it is too thick, the film will not be suitable for film processing, subsequent handling (cutting the film and joining it into a house shape, etc.) The range of 0.05 to 0.3 mm is particularly preferable, and 0.075 mm is particularly preferable.
The range is preferably ~0.2mm. Plants that can be grown using the agricultural vinyl chloride resin film according to the present invention are as follows. (1) Fruit trees: apples, cherries, tangerines, pears, figs, grapes, etc. (2) Flowers: carnation, crab cactus,
Snapdragons, primroses, geraniums, roses, etc. (3) Fruit vegetables: strawberries, cucumbers, tomatoes, melons, watermelons, pumpkins, eggplants, green peppers, corn, etc. (4) Leafy root vegetables: Chinese cabbage, cabbage, lettuce,
Spinach, green onion, onion, radish, turnip, carrot, burdock, etc. (5) Tuberous roots...potato, sweet potato, taro, yam, mulberry, sagebrush, etc. "Effects of the Invention" The present invention has the following particularly remarkable effects, and its industrial utility value is extremely large. (1) The agricultural vinyl chloride resin film of the present invention has an average transmittance of 30% for light in the wavelength range of 3 to 40 microns due to the combination of inert solid particles.
Since the heat rays in this range are suppressed to below, it is possible to prevent heat rays in this range from radiating outside the house or tunnel at night, and it has a heat retention effect.
The average transmittance of all light rays in the wavelength range between ~400 millimicrons is 40% or more, the average transmittance of all light rays in the wavelength range between 400 and 700 millimicrons is 85% or more, and the average transmittance of straight light rays Films with adjusted ratios in the range of 40 to 80% have good daytime light penetration and are highly effective in promoting the growth of fruit trees, flowers, vegetables, etc. (2) Although the agricultural vinyl chloride resin film of the present invention contains inert solid fine particles, tricylenyl phosphate is added, so compared to tricresyl phosphate, It has even better weather resistance and can be used for a long time. "Examples" The present invention will be described in detail below based on Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless the gist thereof is exceeded. Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 7 Polyvinyl chloride (=1400) 100 parts by weight Dioctyl phthalate 50 Epoxy resin (trade name "EP-828") 1 Barium-zinc liquid stabilizer 1.5 Barium stearate The basic composition is 0.2 〃 Zinc stearate 0.4 〃 Sorbitan monopalmitate 1.5 〃 〃 A plasticizer, an ultraviolet absorber, and an inert solid fine particle to be used in combination in the type and amount shown in Table 1 are blended to make a super 10 in mixer
The mixture was stirred and mixed for a minute to obtain a film composition.

[Table] These compositions were fed into a calender molding machine heated to 165°C and formed into a film using a conventional method.
Eleven types of 0.05mm films were produced. The 11 types of films obtained were measured for optical properties and evaluated for weather resistance, and the results are shown in Table 2. The weather resistance was evaluated based on the change in appearance over time after the film was expanded into a vinyl house and the residual tensile strength after 12 months of expansion. The evaluation method is as follows. (Changes in appearance) At a farm in Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture, the above 11 types of films were spread on a closed roof-type house facing south and tilted at 45 degrees to the plane (August 1982).
10th of the month), 3 months after expansion, 6 months after expansion, 9
After several months and after a period of 12 months, the appearance of each film was visually observed. The numerical values of "change in appearance" have the following meanings. "1"...No change observed in appearance. "2"...Slight brown spots are observed. "3"... Brown spots are observed here and there. "4"...Many brown spots are observed. "5"... Brown spots are observed on the entire surface. (Residual tensile strength) The tensile strength of a film sample punched out using a JIS No. 1 dumbbell after 12 months of stretching to examine changes in appearance was measured at a tensile speed of 200 mm/min, and the residual strength was calculated using the following formula. The percentage was calculated and displayed in four stages. Remaining strength (%) = Tensile strength after expansion / Tensile strength before expansion x 100 "1"...Remaining strength 80% or more "2"...〃 60-80% "3"...〃 40-60 % "4"... 〃 40% or less As is clear from the results in Table 2, tricylenyl phosphate is blended with inert solid fine particles that absorb in the wavelength range of light between 3 and 40 microns,
In addition, by setting the film's average transmittance of light in the wavelength range of 3 to 40 microns to 30% or less, the agricultural vinyl chloride resin film of the present invention has both heat retention and weather resistance. As shown, the growth of fruit trees, flowers, fruit vegetables, etc. can be promoted, and the film can be used for extended periods of time. Further, when tricresyl phosphate is used in combination, compared to tricylenyl phosphate, even if added in a large amount, it is not possible to maintain long-term weather resistance. Therefore, even if a film containing tricresyl phosphate gives good results in the initial cultivation, it becomes difficult to cultivate it over a long period of time and to use it repeatedly. Furthermore, from the results of cultivating fruits and vegetables, it can be seen that by setting the average transmittance of ultraviolet rays and visible rays within a specific range, the cultivation is even more effective.
Comparative Example 4 does not contain inert solid particles and corresponds to a conventional agricultural vinyl chloride resin film with good weather resistance, but it emits large heat rays at night.
It can be seen that the growth of fruits and vegetables is also insufficient.

[Table] Reference example 1 (Watermelon cultivation test) Watermelon seeds (variety: Honey Soft) were placed in a seed bed.
The seeds were sown on January 16, 1980, and the seedlings were raised according to conventional methods until they had four true leaves. The type and amount of fertilizer shown in Table 3 is applied to the cultivation area as a base fertilizer, and the area is cultivated, with a width of 70 cm and a height of 10 cm.
Create a ridge with a length of 35m, and add a width of 70cm and a height of 70cm to this ridge.
A pipe house with a length of 35 m and 35 m in length was constructed, and each ridge was covered with a film (location: Ichishi District, Mie Prefecture).

[Table] On March 8, 50 plants were planted in each row with a spacing of about 70 cm, and cultivated so that two plants could be harvested from each other. From April 5, when the outside temperature rose, the tunnel was raised during the day to provide ventilation in order to prevent heat damage. Table 4 shows the initial growth status as of April 3rd,
The quality and yield of watermelons harvested during the whole period were shown. (See Table 4 on the next page) From Table 4, watermelons grown under the coating of the agricultural vinyl chloride resin film according to the present invention had excellent initial growth, except for the films of Comparative Examples 4 to 7. It is clear that the yield and quality of the fruit are excellent. Reference Example 2 (Melon Cultivation Test) Melon seeds (variety: Prince BF-6) were sown in a seed bed on January 20, 1980, and the conventional method was used until the number of true leaves reached 4. I raised the seedlings. Apply the type and amount of fertilizer shown in Table 5 as a base fertilizer to the cultivation area, till it, and make a ridge with a width of 70 cm, a height of 10 cm, and a length of 35 m.
A pipe house with a length of 35 m and 35 m in length was constructed, and each ridge was covered with a film (location: Ichishi District, Mie Prefecture).

【table】

[Table] On March 9th, 50 plants were planted in each row with a spacing of about 70 cm, and cultivated so that 8 plants could be harvested with 2 plants. From April 5, when the outside temperature rose, the tunnel was raised during the day to provide ventilation in order to prevent heat damage. Table 6 shows the initial growth status as of March 30th, and the quality and yield of melons harvested during the entire period. Table 6 shows that when cultivated under the coating of the agricultural PVC resin film according to the present invention, as in Reference Example 1, the initial growth is excellent, and the yield and quality of fruits are also excellent. It is clear that there are.

【table】

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A film comprising a composition containing a vinyl chloride resin, a plasticizer, and inert solid particles, wherein the plasticizer contains tricylenyl phosphate, and the inert solid particles contain tricylenyl phosphate. An agricultural vinyl chloride resin film having absorption in a wavelength range of 3 to 40 microns, and having an average transmittance of 30% or less for light in the wavelength range of 3 to 40 microns. . 2. The agricultural vinyl chloride resin film according to claim 1, wherein the inert solid fine particles are aluminum hydroxide, magnesium silicate, or silicon oxide.